1935 KLM Bushehr incident

1935 aviation accident in Iran

1935 KLM Bushehr accident

Identical airplane as the involved airplane

Accident
Date| 16 July 1935
Site| Bushehr, Iran
Aircraft
Aircraft type| Douglas DC-2
Operator| KLM
Registration| PH-AKM
Flight origin| Batavia, Dutch East Indies
Stopover| Medang, Dutch East Indies
2nd stopover| Rangoon, Myanmar
3rd stopover| Jodhpur, India
4th stopover| Bushire, Iran
5th stopover| Baghdad, Iraq
Destination| Amsterdam, Netherlands
Occupants| 12
Passengers| 8
Crew| 4
Fatalities| 0
Survivors| 12

On 16 July 1935 a Douglas DC-2 aircraft, registration PH-AKM, operated by KLM, flying from Batavia, Dutch East Indies with several stopovers to Schiphol, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. After an emergency landing in Bushire, Iran the plane crashed the next day during take-off and the plane burned down.

The accident was one of three major international passenger flight accidents of the KLM that week and became known as the "black week". This left KLM short of crew and airplanes.

## Flight and accident

[edit]

The Douglas DC-2 PH-AKM (named: "Maraboe") operated by KLM departed on Saturday 13 July 1935 from Batavia, Dutch East Indies, via several stopovers including Medang, Rangoon, Jodhpur and Bagdad to Amsterdam, the Netherlands.[1] Due to bad weather the airplane made an emergency landing in Bushire, Iran, in the evening of 16 July 1935.[2] In the early morning of 17 July 1935 (12.30 u. GMT) the airplane departed to continue its journey to the next intermediate stop in Baghdad, Iraq.[3] The runway of Bushire was not good, described as a very bumpy grass field and was the worst runway on the route from the Dutch East Indies to the Netherlands. The airplane took off in darkness. The track was illuminated with stable lanterns. After around 300 meters with a speed of around 120 km/h the airplane bumped into a hole and jumped as a result of that around three meters into the air.[1][4] According to an eye witness the plane had enough speed to stay in the air.[5] However, the plane flipped hard back onto the runway. The impact caused the right landing gear to retract and damaged parts of the wing, including fuel lines. The airplane was leaning slightly to the right and came to a stop.[3] Due to the fuel that poured out,[6] or due to back-fire of a sudden stop of the engine[5] the plane caught fire. The passengers and crew were able to leave the aircraft unharmed. The pilot didn’t turn off the engines and didn’t close the fuel tap. Besides of that the Lux fire extinguishing system was not used. The rear part of the aircraft burned down completely and most of the luggage and mail bags were lost.[3]

## Aftermath

[edit]

### Telegram misunderstandings

[edit]

Because the telegram services in Bushehr were closed, Hondong sent telegrams to the Netherlands to report the accident from Reishahr, a small town a few miles away at the Persian Gulf coast. The fact that the telegram came from Reishahr caused misunderstandings at KLM. KLM thought that the airplane had landed on the beach at Reishahr. There was even a wild story that passengers and some crew members were taken to Bushehr by camel while Hondong and the flight engineer remained behind with the aircraft. The plane than crashed during an attempt to take off from the beach the next morning.[6][5][7]

### Return of crew and passengers

[edit]

The DC-2 PH-AKR "Rietvink", with pilot Koene Dirk Parmentier, departed from Schiphol to pick up the Hondong and passengers and fly them to Amsterdam. There was a great welcome after the Rietvink returned at Schiphol. The excitement was only contained because at that moment it became known that the 1935 San Giacomo Douglas DC-2 crash had occurred.[4][8]

### Mail recovery

[edit]

A total of 25 kg mail of the original 116 kg was saved. A part of this mail was delivered by the Dutch PTT in service envelopes with stenciled text. These envelopes have become very valuable for philatelists.[3]

## The aircraft

[edit]

The American-built Douglas DC-2 PH-AKM, named "Maraboe", was delivered by Douglas to KLM on 22 April 1935 and shipped from New York to Cherbourg. There it arrived on 10 May 1935. Four days later, on 14 May the plane arrived at Amsterdam. On 4 May 1935, the aircraft was registered in the Dutch civil aviation register. It was the 8th of 16 DC-2 airplanes for KLM. Starting on 30 May 1935, the airplane had done only one return flight to the Dutch East.[3]

## Victims

[edit]

There were four crew members and eight passengers on board.[3]

### Crew

[edit]

Pilot Jan Hondong

* Jan Hondong [nl] (10 July 1893 — 14 June 1968) was the pilot. He was the pilot of the famous flight with the Fokker PH-AIS [nl] to the Dutch East Indies, from 15 to 29 December 1934. This was also the foundation of the West-Indisch Bedrijf [nl].[9]
* K.J. Freiherr von Rüpplin Keffikon was the second pilot
* M. Veenendaal was the flight engineer
* H.H. v.d. Smagt was the radio operator

### Passengers

[edit]

* Van Westreenen, he worked at Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij in Palembang
* Euwens
* Theodoor Enne Stufkens (born 23 January 1885 in Rotterdam — September 1944). He was editor-in-chief of De Preangerbode between 1906 and 1921. He emigrated on 17 July 1926 to California, United States. Later he lived in The Hague and Bandoeng. He was industrialist of a canning factory. He traveled to the Netherlands to visit family. Stufkens went missing after the Jun'yō Maru where he was on, was attacked by the Japanese on 18 September 1944. He died on 22 September 1944.[10]
* Van den Broeke, he lived in Batavia.
* Madam Ottens was the wife of the KLM hotelier in Djask and travelled with her 6-month old baby.
* British luitenant Henry M. Bromilow. He lived in Karachi[4]
* British miss M.G. Kennedy, lived also in Karachi.

Source:[11]

## Black week and consequences

[edit]

The accident was the second out of three major airplane accident in one week after the crash of the "Kwikstaart" in Amsterdam and before the "Gaai" in Pian San Giacomo. The week of 14 to 20 July 1935 is known as the "black week". In these three crashes KLM lost three airplanes and lost crew in two crashes. As a result the KLM had to deal with a shortage of crew members and airplanes.[12][13]

## Investigation

[edit]

The investigation was carried out by the Dutch Government Study Service for Aviation (Rijksstudiedienst voor de Luchtvaart) and led by van der Maas (Rijks-Studiedienst voor de Luchtvaart) and van der Heijden (Rijksluchtvaartdienst [nl]).

Immediately after arrival at Schiphol, all crew member were officially questioned by van der Heijden and van der Maas. Afterwards the crew reported to KLM director Albert Plesman, deputy director Guillonard and flight chief Aler.

Some statements of the crew members differed from each other, especially the estimated speed varies of the airplane at the time of the jump. The question remains whether the aircraft already had sufficient speed and could therefore have remained in the air or not.[3]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Het vliegtuig Maraboe verongelukt — Nadere bijzonderheden van Hondong". De Limburger (in Dutch). 18 July 1935 - via Delpher.
2. ^ "Weer een K.L.M. toestel verongelukt". De Gooi- en Eemlander (in Dutch). 17 July 1935 - via Delpher.
3. ^ a b c d e f g "Het ongeluk met de Maraboe". aviacrash.nl (in Dutch).
4. ^ a b c "Het ongeluk van de Maraboe". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). 22 July 1935 - via Delpher.
5. ^ a b c "De "Maraboe"". Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad (in Dutch). 19 July 1935 - via Delpher.
6. ^ a b "Crash van de Maraboe". vergetenverleden.nl (in Dutch).
7. ^ "Het K.L.M. vliegtuig "Maraboe" in brand gevlogen". Aaltensche Courant [nl] (in Dutch). 19 July 1935 - via Delpher.+[nl]&rft.atitle=Het+K.L.M.+vliegtuig+"Maraboe"+in+brand+gevlogen&rft.date=1935-07-19&rft_id=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMECAL02:180122056:mpeg21:a00073&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1935+KLM+Bushehr+incident" class="Z3988">
8. ^ "De passagiers van de op het vliegveld Boesjir verongelukte "Maraboe"". Deli Courant (in Dutch). 29 July 1935 - via Delpher.
9. ^ "Een Graafse topvliegenier: Jan Hondong (1893-1968)". bhic (in Dutch).
10. ^ Stamboom Stufkens » Theodoor Enne Stufkens (1885-1944), genealogieonline.nl
11. ^ "De passagiers". De Courant/Nieuws van de Dag [nl] (in Dutch). 18 July 1935 - via Delpher.+[nl]&rft.atitle=De+passagiers&rft.date=1935-07-18&rft_id=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB15:000615066:mpeg21:a00002&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1935+KLM+Bushehr+incident" class="Z3988">
12. ^ "Drie KLM vliegrampen in één week". vergetenverleden.nl (in Dutch).
13. ^ "De Gaai verongelukt bij San Giacomo". aviacrash.nl (in Dutch).

* v
* t
* e

Aviation accidents and incidents in Iran

Before 1970|

* Jask Imperial Airways de Havilland Hercules crash (September 1929)
* KLM Bushehr incident (July 1935)
* Misrair SNCASE Languedoc crash (December 1951)

1970s|

* Sterling Airways Flight 901 (March 1974)
* Tehran UFO incident (September 1976)

1980s|

* Iran Air Flight 291 (January 1980)
* Iranian Air Force C-130 crash (September 1981)
* Kuwait Airways Flight 422 (April 1988)
* Iran Air Flight 655 (July 1988)

1990s|

* Tehran mid-air collision (February 1993)
* Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 746 (October 1994)

2000s|

* 2000 Tehran airport collision (February 2000)
* Faraz Qeshm Airlines Yak-40 crash (May 2001)
* Iran Air Tours Flight 956 (February 2002)
* Aeromist-Kharkiv Flight 2137 (December 2002)
* Iran Ilyushin Il-76 crash (February 2003)
* Iranian Air Force C-130 crash (December 2005)
* Iran Air Tours Flight 945 (September 2006)
* Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 (July 2009)
* Aria Air Flight 1525 (July 2009)
* Iranian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 accident (September 2009)

2010s|

* Taban Air Flight 6437 (January 2010)
* Iran Air Flight 277 (January 2011)
* Iran Air Flight 742 (October 2011)
* Iran–U.S. RQ-170 incident (December 2011)
* Sepahan Airlines Flight 5915 (August 2014)
* Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 3704 (February 2018)
* Iran Bombardier Challenger crash (March 2018)
* Saha Airlines Boeing 707 crash (January 2019)

2020s|

* Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 (January 2020)
* Caspian Airlines Flight 6936 (January 2020)
* Varzaqan helicopter crash (May 2024)

* v
* t
* e

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1935 (1935)

Feb 12

USS Macon crash

Mar 18

Maxim Gorky crash

May 6

TWA Flight 6

Jun 24

Medellin plane crash

Jul 14

Amsterdam Fokker F.XXII crash

Jul 16

KLM Bushehr incident

Jul 20

San Giacomo Douglas DC-2 crash

Oct 7

United Air Lines Flight 4

Nov 8

Lady Southern Cross

Dec 10

SABENA Savoia-Marchetti S.73 crash

1934  ◄ ► 1936

* v
* t
* e

KLM Royal Dutch Airlines

Alliance|

* SkyTeam

Parent company|

* Air France-KLM

Subsidiaries|

* Cygnific
* KLM Cityhopper
* Martinair
* Transavia
* France

Destinations|

* KLM
* Transavia
* France

Accidents
and incidents|

* 1924 KLM Fokker F.III disappearance
* 1925 KLM Fokker F.III Forêt de Mormal crash
* 1927 KLM Fokker F.VIII crash
* 1928 KLM Fokker F.III Waalhaven crash
* 1934 KLM Douglas DC-2 crash
* 1935 Amsterdam Fokker F.XXII crash
* 1935 KLM Bushehr incident
* 1935 San Giacomo Douglas DC-2 crash
* 1936 KLM Croydon accident
* 1946 Amsterdam KLM Douglas C-47 crash
* 1947 KLM Douglas DC-3 Copenhagen disaster
* 1948 KLM Constellation air disaster
* KLM Flight 592
* KLM Flight 607-E
* KLM Flight 608
* KLM Flight 633
* KLM Flight 844
* KLM Flight 823
* KLM Flight 861
* KLM Flight 4805
* KLM Flight 867
* KLM Cityhopper Flight 433

People|

* Albert Plesman
* Anthony Fokker
* Peter Hartman
* Camiel Eurlings
* Pieter Elbers

Related|

* Air France-KLM‎
* Air France
* Delta Air Lines
* KLM Open
* List of KLM Delft Blue houses

Defunct|

* Air Antwerp‎
* KLM uk

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