1935 Timiskaming earthquake

Earthquake in Canada

1935 Temiskamingue earthquake

Collapsed railroad embankment at Parent

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UTC time| 1935-11-01 06:03:37
ISC event| 904623
USGS-ANSS| ComCat
Local date| November 1, 1935 (1935-11-01)
Local time| 1:03 a.m. ET
Magnitude| 6.1 Mw
Depth| 10 km (6.2 mi)
Epicenter| 46°47′N 79°04′W﻿ / ﻿46.78°N 79.07°W﻿ / 46.78; -79.07[1]
Areas affected| Canada
Max. intensity| MMI VII (Very strong)

The 1935 Temiskamingue earthquake occurred on November 1 with a moment magnitude of 6.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). The event took place in the Western Quebec seismic zone in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec.

## Earthquake

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The earthquake was a result of movement on a moderately dipping thrust fault, interpreted to represent reactivation of one of the extensional faults associated with the Timiskaming Graben.[2] It had an epicentre approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Témiscaming, Quebec. It occurred at 1:03 a.m. ET, the earthquake was felt over a wide swath of North America, extending west to Fort William (now Thunder Bay), east to Fredericton, New Brunswick, north to James Bay and south as far as Kentucky and West Virginia. Occasional aftershocks were reported for several months.

## Damage

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Although the most significant damage connected to the earthquake was to chimneys, both in the immediate area and as far south as North Bay and Mattawa, a railroad embankment near Parent, 300 km (190 mi) away, also collapsed. Researcher E. A. Hodgson later concluded that the embankment slide was already imminent, and was merely hastened by the vibrations.[3] Some rockfalls and structural cracks were also reported, although there were few major structural collapses aside from the Parent embankment. The relative lack of major damage, despite the fact that it was a strong earthquake, has been attributed primarily to the sparseness of the area's population.

## Other events

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The 2000 Kipawa earthquake on January 1, with a magnitude of 5.2, had its epicentre at Lake Kipawa, very near the epicentre of the 1935 quake.

## See also

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* List of earthquakes in 1935
* List of earthquakes in Canada

## References

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1. ^ Hodgson, E. A. (1936). The Temiskamingue Earthquake of November 1, 1935. The Location of the Epicentre and Determination of Focal Depth. Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Vol. 30, pp.120 Bibcode:1936JRASC..30..113H
2. ^ Bent, A.L. (1996). "An improved source mechanism for the 1935 Timiskaming, Quebec earthquake from regional waveforms". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 146 (1): 5–20\. Bibcode:1996PApGe.146....5B. doi:10.1007/BF00876667. S2CID 128482582.
3. ^ Hodgson, Ernest A. (1937) "Progress Report on the Research Connected with the Timiskaming Earthquake of November 1, 1935" Earthquake Notes 8: p. 76

Sources

* Adams, J.; Vonk, A. (2009), The November 1, 1935, M 6.2 Timiskaming earthquake, its aftershocks, and subsequent seismicity, Open File 6207, Geological Survey of Canada, doi:10.4095/247644

## External links

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* The M6.2 1935 Temiskamingue earthquake – Natural Resources Canada
* The Western Quebec Seismic Zone – Natural Resources Canada
* The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.

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Earthquakes in the 1930s

1930|

* Bago (7.5, May 5) †
* Salmas (7.1, May 6) †‡
* Irpinia (6.6, July 3) †
* Dhubri (7.1, July 3)
* Senigallia (5,8, Oct 30)
* North Izu (7.3, Nov 26) †
* Pyu (7.3, Dec 4) †

1931|

* Oaxaca (7.8, Jan 15) †
* Myitkyina (7.6, Jan 28)
* Hawke's Bay (7.8, Feb 3) †
* Nicaragua (5.6, Mar 31) †
* Zangezur (6.5, Apr 27)
* North Sea (6.1, June 7)
* Fuyun (7.9, Aug 10) †‡
* Texas (6.5, Aug 16)
* Sumatra (7.3, Sep 25)

1932|

* Jalisco (8.2 & 7.7 & 7.0, June 3 & 18 & 22) †
* Eureka (6.4, June 6)
* Ierissos (7.0 Sept 26) †‡
* Cedar Mountain (7.2, Dec 20)
* Changma (7.6, Dec 25) †

1933|

* Sanriku (8.4, Mar 2) †
* Long Beach (6.4, Mar 10) †
* Kos (6.4, Apr 23) †
* Sumatra (7.7, Jun 24) †
* Diexi (7.3 Aug 25) †‡
* Baffin Bay (7.7, Nov 20)

1934|

* Bihar (8.0, January 15) † ‡
* Pahiatua (7.6, Mar 5)
* Hansel Valley (6.6, March 12)

1935|

* Erdek–Marmara Islands (7.4, Jan 4)
* Shinchiku-Taichū (7.1, Apr 21) †
* Digor (6.1, May 1) †
* Quetta (7.7, May 31) †‡
* Helena (6.2, Oct 19)
* Timiskaming (6.1, Nov 1)
* Sumatra (7.7, Dec 28)

1937|

* Orizaba (7.3, Jul 26) †
* Heze (7.0, Aug 1) †‡

1939|

* Chillán (7.9, Jan 25) †
* Oga (7.0, May 1)
* Erzincan (7.8, Dec 27) †‡

† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year

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Earthquakes in Canada

Historical|

* 1663 Charlevoix
* 1700 Cascadia
* 1732 Montreal
* 1870 Charlevoix
* 1872 North Cascades

20th Century|

* 1918 Vancouver Island
* 1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska
* 1929 Grand Banks
* 1933 Baffin Bay
* 1935 Timiskaming
* 1944 Cornwall–Massena
* 1946 Vancouver Island
* 1949 Queen Charlotte Islands
* 1985 Nahanni
* 1988 Saguenay
* 1989 Ungava

21st Century|

* 2000 Kipawa
* 2001 Nisqually
* 2007–2008 Nazko
* 2010 Central Canada
* 2012 Haida Gwaii
* 2013 Craig

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