1936 in literature

Overview of the events of 1936 in literature

List of years in literature

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In poetry
1933
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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1936.

## Events

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The olive tree near Alfacar where Federico García Lorca is executed on August 19[1]

* January 8 – Jewish booksellers throughout Nazi Germany are deprived of their Reich Publications Chamber membership cards, without which no one can sell books.[2]
* May – The Greek poet and Communist activist Yiannis Ritsos is inspired to write his poem Epitaphios by a photograph of a dead protester at a massive tobacco workers' demonstration in Thessaloniki. It is published soon after. In August, the right-wing dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas comes to power in Greece and copies are burned publicly at the foot of the Acropolis in Athens.[3]
* May 16–17 – About 30 left-wing writers of the Second Polish Republic gather at the Lviv Anti-Fascist Congress of Cultural Workers.
* August 3 – George Heywood Hill establishes the Heywood Hill bookshop in London's Mayfair.
* August 18 – The 38-year-old Spanish dramatist, Federico García Lorca, is arrested by Francoist militia during the White Terror and never seen alive again. His brother-in-law, Manuel Fernández-Montesinos, the leftist mayor of Granada, is shot on the same day.[4][5] Lorca's play The House of Bernarda Alba (La casa de Bernarda Alba), completed on June 19, will not be performed until 1945.
* November 6 – After United States publication in 1934, the U.K. authorities decide they will not prosecute or seize copies of James Joyce's 1922 novel Ulysses.[6]
* November 23 – Life magazine begins to appear as a weekly news magazine in the United States, under the management of Henry Luce.
* unknown dates
* The New Theatre, Sydney, in Australia, attempts to stage Clifford Odets' anti-Nazi drama Till the Day I Die; the German Consul General in the country complains to the Commonwealth Government and the play is banned; but the theatre stages the play in private premises.[7]
* The first lighthearted crime novel by Scottish-born university teacher of English literature J. I. M. Stewart, writing as Michael Innes, is published: Death at the President's Lodging, set in Oxford. It introduces his long-running character Detective Inspector John Appleby of Scotland Yard.[8]
* The Carnegie Medal for excellence in children's literature is inaugurated by the Library Association in the United Kingdom. The first winner is Arthur Ransome for Pigeon Post.[9]

## New books

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### Fiction

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* Felipe Alfau – Locos: A Comedy of Gestures
* Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana – Layar Terkembang (With Sails Unfurled)
* Jorge Amado – Sea of Death (Mar Morto)
* Eric Ambler – The Dark Frontier[8]
* Arturo Ambrogi – El Jetón
* Nigel Balchin – Lightbody on Liberty
* Djuna Barnes – Nightwood
* Henry Bellamann – The Gray Man Walks
* Stephen Vincent Benét – "The Devil and Daniel Webster" (short story, published in The Saturday Evening Post)
* E. C. Bentley – Trent's Own Case
* Georges Bernanos – The Diary of a Country Priest
* Arna Bontemps – Black Thunder
* Mary Borden \- Action for Slander
* Marjorie Bowen – The Poisoners
* Carol Ryrie Brink – Caddie Woodlawn
* John Bude – The Sussex Downs Murder
* Edgar Rice Burroughs – Tarzan's Quest
* James M. Cain – Double Indemnity
* Morley Callaghan – Now that April's Here and Other Stories
* Karel Čapek – War with the Newts (Válka s mloky)
* John Dickson Carr
* The Arabian Nights Murder
* The Punch and Judy Murders (as by Carter Dickson)
* Willa Cather – Not Under Forty
* Mihail Celarianu – Femeia sângelui meu (The Woman in My Blood)
* Louis-Ferdinand Céline – Death on the Installment Plan (Mort à crédit)
* Peter Cheyney – This Man Is Dangerous[10]
* Agatha Christie – Hercule Poirot novels
* The A. B. C. Murders
* Cards on the Table
* Murder in Mesopotamia
* Robert P. Tristram Coffin – John Dawn
* Freeman Wills Crofts
* The Loss of the Jane Vosper
* Man Overboard!
* Cecil Day-Lewis – Thou Shell of Death
* Warwick Deeping – No Hero–This
* Carmen de Icaza – Cristina Guzmán
* Henry de Montherlant – Les Jeunes Filles (The Young Girls; first part of tetralogy)
* John Dos Passos – The Big Money
* William Pène du Bois – Otto at Sea
* Daphne du Maurier – Jamaica Inn
* Walter D. Edmonds – Drums Along the Mohawk
* Mircea Eliade – Miss Christina (Domnișoara Christina)
* William Faulkner – Absalom, Absalom!
* Gilbert Frankau – Farewell Romance
* Konstantine Gamsakhurdia – Stealing the Moon (Georgian: მთვარის მოტაცება, romanized: mtvaris mot'atseba)
* Anthony Gilbert – Murder by Experts
* Jean Giono – Joy of Man's Desiring (Que ma joie demeure)
* Maxim Gorky (posthumous) – The Life of Klim Samgin (the final fourth volume, unfinishes, translated as The Specter)
* Graham Greene – A Gun for Sale
* Walter Greenwood – Standing Room Only
* Winifred Holtby – South Riding[11]
* Aldous Huxley – Eyeless in Gaza
* Michael Innes – Death at the President's Lodging
* C. L. R. James – Minty Alley
* Mikheil Javakhishvili – A Woman's Burden (Georgian: ქალის ტვირთი, Qalis tvirti)
* Storm Jameson
* None Turn Back (The Mirror in Darkness III)
* In the Second Year
* Arthur Joseph – Dark Metropolis
* Margaret Kennedy – Together and Apart
* Leo Kiacheli – Gvadi Bigva
* Jonathan Latimer – The Lady in the Morgue
* Jean de La Varende – Leather-Nose (Nez-de-Cuir)
* Alexander Lernet-Holenia – Baron Bagge (Der Baron Bagge)
* Haniel Long – Interlinear to Cabeza de Vaca
* E. C. R. Lorac
* Crime Counter Crime
* A Pall for a Painter
* Post After Post-Mortem
* Andrew Lytle – The Long Night
* Compton Mackenzie – Figure of Eight
* Klaus Mann – Mephisto
* Ngaio Marsh – Death in Ecstasy
* A. E. W. Mason – Fire Over England[12]
* Alan Melville – Death of Anton
* Henry Miller – Black Spring
* Gladys Mitchell – Dead Men's Morris
* Margaret Mitchell – Gone with the Wind
* Naomi Mitchison – The Fourth Pig
* John A. Moroso – Nobody's Buddy
* Anaïs Nin – House of Incest
* George Orwell – Keep the Aspidistra Flying
* John Cowper Powys – Maiden Castle
* Premchand – Godaan (Hindi: गोदान, Gōdān, The Gift of a Cow)
* Ellery Queen – Halfway House
* Ayn Rand – We the Living
* Erich Maria Remarque – Three Comrades (Drei Kameraden)
* Kate Roberts – Traed mewn cyffion (Feet in the Stocks)
* Rafael Sabatini – The Fortunes of Captain Blood
* Sim Hun – Sangnoksu (Korean: 상록수; Hanja: 常綠樹; "Evergreen (Tree)"; serialization concludes and book publication)
* Israel Joshua Singer – The Brothers Ashkenazi (Di brider Ashkenazy, in book format)
* Eleanor Smith – Portrait of a Lady
* John Steinbeck – In Dubious Battle
* Rex Stout – The Rubber Band
* Cecil Street
* Death at Breakfast
* Death in the Tunnel
* In Face of the Verdict
* Murder of a Chemist
* Phoebe Atwood Taylor
* The Crimson Patch
* Out of Order
* Frank Thiess – Tsushima
* Aleksey Tolstoy – «Золотой ключик, или Приключения Буратино» (The Golden Key, or The Adventures of Buratino)
* S. S. Van Dine – The Kidnap Murder Case
* Vũ Trọng Phụng – Số đỏ (Dumb Luck)
* Henry Wade – Bury Him Darkly
* Sylvia Townsend Warner – Summer Will Show
* Carolyn Wells – Murder in the Bookshop
* Ethel Lina White – The Wheel Spins (later The Lady Vanishes)
* Francis Brett Young – Far Forest

### Children and young people

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* Edward Ardizzone – Little Tim and the Brave Sea Captain (Journal d'un curé de campagne)
* M. E. Atkinson – August Adventure
* Carol Ryrie Brink – Caddie Woodlawn
* Joanna Cannan – A Pony for Jean (first of nine Pony series books)
* Noel Langley – The Tale of the Land of Green Ginger
* Munro Leaf – The Story of Ferdinand
* John A. Moroso – Nobody's Buddy
* Carola Oman – Ferry the Fearless
* Arthur Ransome – Pigeon Post
* Ruth Sawyer – Roller Skates
* Lester Basil Sinclair (as John Mystery) – Why Cows Moo
* Noel Streatfeild – Ballet Shoes (illustrated by Ruth Gervis)
* Barbara Euphan Todd – Worzel Gummidge (first in the Worzel Gummidge series of eleven books)
* Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy – The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino

### Drama

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* Pralhad Keshav Atre
* Lagnāchi Bedi
* Udyāchā Sansār
* W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood – The Ascent of F6 (published English edition)
* S. N. Behrman – End of Summer
* Charles Bennett – Page From a Diary
* Bertolt Brecht – Round Heads and Pointed Heads (Die Rundköpfe und die Spitzköpfe)
* Max Catto – Green Waters
* Noël Coward
* Tonight at 8.30
* Present Laughter
* Mazo de la Roche and Nancy Price – Whiteoaks
* Henry de Montherlant – Pasiphaé
* Harley Granville-Barker – Waste (first public performance, 1927 version; originally written 1906)
* Ian Hay – The Frog
* George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart – You Can't Take It with You
* Sinclair Lewis and John C. Moffitt – It Can't Happen Here (dramatisation)
* Federico García Lorca – The House of Bernarda Alba (La casa de Bernarda Alba; written)
* Clare Boothe Luce – The Women
* Barré Lyndon – The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse
* Hugh Mills – Laughter in Court
* J. B. Priestley – Bees on the Boat Deck
* Terence Rattigan – French Without Tears
* Dorothy L. Sayers and Muriel St. Clare Byrne – Busman's Honeymoon: A Detective Comedy in Three Acts
* Irwin Shaw – Bury the Dead
* George Shiels
* The Jailbird
* The Passing Day
* Ödön von Horváth
* Don Juan kommt aus dem Krieg (Don Juan Comes Back From the War)
* Figaro läßt sich scheiden (Figaro Gets a Divorce)

### Poetry

[edit]

Main article: 1936 in poetry

* W. H. Auden – Look, Stranger![13]
* Gottfried Benn – Ausgewählte Gedichte (Selected Poems)
* T. S. Eliot – Collected Poems 1909–35[13] including "Burnt Norton", first of the Four Quartets
* Patrick Kavanagh – Ploughman, and Other Poems
* Michael Roberts (ed.) – The Faber Book of Modern Verse
* Dylan Thomas – Twenty-five Poems[13]
* W. B. Yeats (ed.) – The Oxford Book of Modern Verse 1892–1935

### Non-fiction

[edit]

* A. J. Ayer – Language, Truth, and Logic
* John Dickson Carr – The Murder of Sir Edmund Godfrey
* Victor Hugo Green – The Negro Motorist Green Book (1st edn)
* Graham Greene – Journey Without Maps
* Richard Foster Jones – Ancients and Moderns: A Study of the Background of The Battle of the Books
* Carl Gustav Jung – The Idea of Redemption in Alchemy (Die Erlösungsvorstellungen in der Alchemie)
* John Maynard Keynes – The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
* Osbert Lancaster – Progress at Pelvis Bay
* F. R. Leavis – Revaluation: Tradition and Development in English Poetry
* C. S. Lewis – The Allegory of Love
* Karl Mannheim – Ideology and Utopia
* Edwin Muir – Scott and Scotland
* George Orwell – "Bookshop Memories"
* Olavi Paavolainen – Kolmannen valtakunnan vieraana (Guest of the Third Reich)
* J. R. R. Tolkien – "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics" (version of a lecture)

## Births

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* January 5 – Florence King, American writer (died 2016)
* January 10 – Stephen E. Ambrose, American historian (died 2002)
* January 28 – Ismail Kadare, Albanian novelist and poet (died 2024)
* February 12 – Shawkat Ali, Bangladeshi writer (died 2018)
* February 18 – Jean M. Auel, American historical novelist
* March 1 – Jean-René Huguenin, French novelist and literary critic (died in 1962)
* March 7 – Georges Perec, French novelist, filmmaker and essayist (died 1982)
* March 28
* Peter Mayer, English-born publisher (died 2018)
* Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian writer, politician, journalist and essayist, Nobel Prize in Literature laureate (died 2025)
* March 31 – Marge Piercy, American poet and activist
* April 12 – Frankétienne, Haitian writer (died 2025)
* April 13 – Choi In-hun, South Korean writer (died 2018)
* April 30 – Viktor Likhonosov, Soviet Russian writer and editor (died 2021)
* May 10 – Anthea Bell, English translator (died 2018)
* May 23 – Ian Kennedy Martin, English scriptwriter and novelist
* May 27 – Ivo Brešan, Croatian playwright, novelist, screenwriter and satirist (died 2016)
* June 3
* Duff Hart-Davis, English biographer and journalist
* Larry McMurtry, American novelist, essayist and screenwriter (died 2021)
* June 9 – Nell Dunn, English playwright and author
* June 18 – Dick Wimmer, American novelist (died 2011)
* June 23 – Richard Bach, American novelist and non-fiction writer
* June 24 – J. H. Prynne, English poet
* June 29 – David Rudkin, English playwright
* July 5 – Valerie Flint, English medieval historian (died 2009)
* July 6 – Abidullah Ghazi, Indian-American author, educator and poet (died 2021)
* August 8 – Jan Pieńkowski, Polish-born British children's writer and illustrator (died 2022)
* August 24 – A. S. Byatt, English novelist (died 2023)
* August 27 – Philippe Labro, French writer, journalist and film director (died 2025)
* September 1 – Roderick Thorp, American novelist (died 1999)
* September 2 – Károly Krajczár, Hungarian Slovene teacher, writer and collector (died 2018)
* September 10 – Peter Lovesey, English crime fiction and short story writer (died 2025)
* September 20 – Andrew Davies, Welsh novelist and screenwriter
* September 26 – Victor Watson, English children's writer and academic
* October 1 – Kailayar Sellanainar Sivakumaran, Sri Lankan writer, art and literary critic, journalist and radio and TV personality
* October 5 – Václav Havel, Czech dramatist and first president of Czech Republic (died 2011)
* November 4 – C. K. Williams, American poet (died 2015)
* November 17 – John Wells, English satirical writer and actor (died 1998)
* November 18 – Suzette Haden Elgin, American science fiction writer (died 2015)[14]
* November 20 – Don DeLillo, American novelist
* November 25 – William McIlvanney, Scottish novelist, short story writer and poet (died 2015)
* November 27 – Dahlia Ravikovitch, Israeli poet (died 2005)
* December 1 – Ma Văn Kháng, Vietnamese writer
* December 2 – Hebe Uhart, Argentine writer (died 2018)
* December 5
* James Lee Burke, American writer
* Lewis Nkosi, Zulu writer (died 2010)
* December 11 – Ingvar Moe, Norwegian poet, novelist and children's writer (died 1993)
* December 17 – Frank Martinus Arion, Curaçaoan novelist and poet (died 2015)

## Deaths

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* January 4 – James Churchward, British writer (born 1851)
* January 5 – Ramón del Valle-Inclán, Spanish dramatist and novelist (born 1866)
* January 17 – Mateiu Caragiale, Romanian novelist and poet (stroke, born 1885)
* January 18 – Rudyard Kipling, English writer and Nobel laureate (born 1865)
* February 7 – Elizabeth Robins Pennell, American biographer and critic based in London (born 1855)
* February 8 – Rahel Sanzara, German dancer, actress and novelist (cancer, born 1894)
* February 23 – Lidia Veselitskaya (V. Mikulich), Russian novelist, memoirist and translator (born 1857)
* March 1 – Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian poet, musician and novelist (born 1872)
* March 9 – A. de Herz, Romanian playwright and journalist (hemoptysis, born 1887)
* March 16 – Marguerite Durand, French actress and journalist (born 1864)
* April 30 – A. E. Housman, English poet (born 1859)
* June 11 – Robert E. Howard, American fantasy writer (suicide, born 1906)
* June 12:
* M. R. James, English ghost story writer and scholar (born 1862)
* Karl Kraus, Austrian writer and journalist (born 1874)
* June 14 – G. K. Chesterton, English novelist, poet and Catholic apologist (born 1874)
* June 18 – Maxim Gorky, Russian dramatist (born 1868)
* July 25 – Donald Maxwell, English travel writer and illustrator (born 1877)
* July 26 – F. J. Harvey Darton English children's literature historian and publisher (born 1878)
* August 8 – Mourning Dove, Native American writer (born 1884)
* August 15 – Grazia Deledda, Sardinian-born novelist and Nobel laureate (born 1871)
* August 19 – Federico García Lorca, Spanish dramatist and poet (shot, born 1898)
* August 26 – Juliette Adam, French author (born 1836)[15]
* October 5 – J. Slauerhoff, Dutch poet and novelist (born 1898)
* October 9 – Harriette A. Keyser, American industrial reformer (born 1841)
* November 12 – Stefan Grabiński, Polish horror writer (born 1887)
* December – Emma Sheridan Fry, American actor, playwright, and drama teacher (born 1864)
* December 10 – Luigi Pirandello, Italian dramatist and novelist (born 1867)
* December 24 – Frances Garnet Wolseley, 2nd Viscountess Wolseley, English horticulturist and garden writer (born 1872)
* December 27 – Kristína Royová, Slovak novelist, religious writer and poet (born 1860)
* December 28 – John Cornford, English poet (killed in action, born 1915)[16]
* December 31 – Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish novelist, poet and scholar (born 1864)
* date unknown – Bertha M. Wilson, American playwright, critic and actress (born 1874)

## Awards

[edit]

* Carnegie Medal for children's literature: Arthur Ransome, Pigeon Post
* James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Winifred Holtby, South Riding
* James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Edward Sackville West, A Flame in Sunlight: The Life and Work of Thomas de Quincey
* Newbery Medal for children's literature: Carol Ryrie Brink, Caddie Woodlawn
* Nobel Prize in Literature: Eugene Gladstone O'Neill
* Prix Goncourt: Maxence Van Der Meersch, L'Empreinte de Dieu[17]
* Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Robert E. Sherwood, Idiot's Delight
* Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Robert P. Tristram Coffin, Strange Holiness
* Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: Harold L. Davis, Honey in the Horn

## References

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1. ^ Gibson, Ian (1992). Lorca's Granada. Faber & Faber. ISBN 0-571-16489-7.
2. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (1936-01-09). "Beef Shortage Drives Germany to Frozen Meat". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 13.
3. ^ Baker, Kenneth (2016). On the Burning of Books. London: Unicorn. pp. 66–68\. ISBN 978-1-910787-11-3.
4. ^ Gibson, Ian (1983). The Assassination of Federico García Lorca. London: Penguin Books. p. 164.
5. ^ Gibson, Ian (1996). El assasinato de García Lorca (in Spanish). Barcelona: Plaza and Janes. p. 255\. ISBN 978-84-663-1314-8.
6. ^ Birmingham, Kevin (2014). The most dangerous book: the battle for James Joyce's Ulysses. London: Head of Zeus. ISBN 9781784080723.
7. ^ "New Theatre proves that art IS a weapon". Tribune. No. 746\. New South Wales, Australia. 25 June 1952. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-05-15 - via National Library of Australia.
8. ^ a b Keating, H. R. F. (1982). Whodunit? – a guide to crime, suspense and spy fiction. London: Windward. ISBN 0-7112-0249-4.
9. ^ The Bookseller. J. Whitaker. 1957. p. 1964.
10. ^ Sutherland, John (2007). Bestsellers: a very short introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 94\. ISBN 978-0-19-921489-1.
11. ^ "Winifred Holtby | Hull History Centre". www.hullhistorycentre.org.uk. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
12. ^ Library of Congress. Copyright Office (1936). Catalog of Copyright Entries. Part 1. [A] Group 1. Books. New Series. p. 1171.
13. ^ a b c Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.
14. ^ "Authors : Elgin, Suzette Haden : SFE : Science Fiction Encyclopedia". www.sf-encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
15. ^ Crecelius, Kathryn J.; Offen, Karen (1991). "Juliette Adam". In Wilson, Katharina M. (ed.). An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers Volume 1. New York: Garland. p. 3\. ISBN 978-0-82408-547-6.
16. ^ Haycock, David Boyd (2012). I Am Spain. Brecon. pp. 143–44.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
17. ^ The Year's Work in Modern Language Studies by a Number of Scholars. CUP Archive. p. 119.

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