1944 in Italy

* 1943
* 1942
* 1941
*   *

|  | 1944

Italy |

* 1945
* 1946
* 1947
*   *

|
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Decades:|

* 1920s
* 1930s
* 1940s
* 1950s
* 1960s

See also:|

* History of Italy
* Timeline of Italian history
* List of years in Italy

Events from the year 1944 in Italy.

## Incumbents

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* King – Victor Emmanuel III
* Regent – Umberto (from June 5)
* Prime Minister – Pietro Badoglio (Until 24 April, “government of experts”; until 18 June, national unity government with the six parties of the CLN), Ivanoe Bonomi (starting 18 June; till December 12, national unity government with the six parties of the CLN; later, national unity government but without PSI and Pd'A.)

Northern Italy was formally ruled by Mussolini’s Italian Social Republic. though real power was held by the German and Allied occupying forces.

From spring to autumn, several free republics were constituted by the Italian partisans (particularly Ossola), but they had all fallen to the Germans and fascists by the end of the year.

## Events

[edit]

* January 8 –10 – Verona trial
* January 17– May 18 – Battle of Monte Cassino
* January 22 – Allied landings in Anzio
* January 30 – February 2 – Battle of Cisterna
* March 1 –7 – General strike in Northern Italy
* March 2 –3 – Balvano train disaster
* March 18 – The Badoglio cabinet is recognized by the Soviet Union and, later, by the Allied.
* March 24 – Ardeatine massacre
* June 3 – Foundation of the CGIL, bringing together unions of all political orientations.
* June 4 – Liberation of Rome
* June 9 – Creation of the Corps of Freedom Volunteers, military organization of the Italian resistance.
* June 16 – July 18 - Battle of Ancona
* August 12 – Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre
* August 22 – Florence is liberated by the Italian partisans and by the Allied army.
* August 25 – The Gothic line offensive begins.
* September 4 – 15 – Battle of Gemmano
* September 29 – Marzabotto massacre
* November 13 – In a radio proclamation, Harold Alexander announces the end of the Allied offensive and asks the Italian partisans to suspend military operations.
* December 26 – 28 – Battle of Garfagnana
* December 28 – the CLNAI (National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy) is acknowledged as representative of the Italian government in the occupied territories.

## Literature and culture

[edit]

* L'Adalgisa (Carlo Emilio Gadda)
* Kaputt (Curzio Malaparte)
* The naked streets (by Vasco Pratolini).
* Il marito in collegio (The husband in the boarding school, by Giovannino Guareschi)
* Ascolto il tuo cuore, città (Listening to your heart, city, by Alberto Savinio).

In the freed Italy, the first cultural magazines inspired to the antifascist beliefs appear : Aretusa, Mercurio, La nuova Europa and Rinascita (official  review of the PCI). In Florence, Italia e Civiltà, voice of the more moderate fascist wing, goes out for a few months.

## Cinema

[edit]

In spite of the war situation, a large number of new Italian movies, generally realized before the armistice, goes out in cinemas, (Sorelle Materassi, by Poggioli; The innkeeper, by Chiarini; La donna della montagna, by Castellani). A limited film production goes on North Italy. Vivere ancora, began by Leo Longanesi in Rome the last year, is completed in Turin by Francesco de Robertis. In Venice, the authorities of the Italian Social Republic try to establish a new Cinecittà, called Cinevillaggio but the studios realize only a dozen of movies, of poor artistic value. In Rome, Vittorio De Sica directs The gates of heaven, produced by the Vatican. The processing of the movie, protracted for seven months, allows many antifascists, as De Sica himself, to wait in relative tranquility for the liberation of the city.

See also: List of Italian films of 1944

## Births

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* January 5 - Franco Ferrini, screenwriter
* April 6 - Anita Pallenberg, film actress and model (d. 2017)
* May 6 – Rainer Masera, politician
* June 21 - Franco Cordova, footballer
* September 24 - Enzo Sciotti, artist and illustrator (d. 2021)
* November 7 - Gigi Riva, footballer (d. 2024)

## Deaths

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* January 11 (executed by firing squad):
* Emilio De Bono, military leader, 77
* Galeazzo Ciano, politician, 40
* Giovanni Marinelli, politician, 64
* March 24
* Aldo Finzi, politician (executed), 52
* Pietro Pappagallo, Catholic priest and anti-fascist (executed), 55
* March 27 - Eduino Francini, partisan, 18 (killed in action)
* September 22 - Pietro Caruso
* October 13 - Don Giovanni Fornasini, Gold Medal of Military Valour, Servant of God, murdered at Marzabotto by a Waffen SS soldier

## See also

[edit]

* Italian Campaign (World War II)

* v
* t
* e

1944 in Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
*   *   *   *   *   * Baden
*   *   *   * Belgium
*   *   * Bulgaria
*   *   *   *   *   *   * Denmark
*   *   *   *   * Finland
* France
*   * Germany
*   * Greece
*   *   * Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
*   *   *   * Liechtenstein
*   * Luxembourg
*   *   *   *   *   * Monaco
*   *   *   *   * Netherlands
*   * Norway
*   *   * Poland
* Portugal
* Prussia
* Romania
*   * San Marino
*   *   *   * Slovakia
*   * Soviet Union
* Armenian SSR
* Azerbaijan SSR
* Byelorussian SSR
* Estonian SSR
* Georgian SSR
* Kazakh SSR
* Latvian SSR
* Lithuanian SSR
* Moldavian SSR
* Russian SFSR
* Ukrainian SSR
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
*   * United Kingdom
*   * Vatican City
*   *   *   * Yugoslavia

Dependencies, colonies
and other territories

* Åland
* Cyprus
*   * Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Malta

* v
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* e

Years in Italy (1861–present)

19th century|

* Pre-1861
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20th century|

* 1901
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21st century|

* 2001
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