1977 elections in India

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Elections in India in 1977 included Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) elections in several Indian states, including Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.

## Parliamentary Election Result 1977

[edit]

Party| Votes| %| Seats| +/–
| Janata Party| 78,062,828| 41.32| 295| +209
| Indian National Congress (R)| 65,211,589| 34.52| 154| –198
| Communist Party of India (Marxist)| 8,113,659| 4.29| 22| –3
| All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam| 5,480,378| 2.90| 18| New
| Communist Party of India| 5,322,088| 2.82| 7| –16
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam| 3,323,320| 1.76| 2| –21
| Indian National Congress (Organisation)| 3,252,217| 1.72| 3| –13
| Shiromani Akali Dal| 2,373,331| 1.26| 9| +8
| Peasants and Workers Party of India| 1,030,232| 0.55| 5| +5
| Republican Party of India (Khobragade)| 956,072| 0.51| 2| +2
| Revolutionary Socialist Party| 851,164| 0.45| 4| +1
| All India Forward Bloc| 633,644| 0.34| 3| +1
| Indian Union Muslim League| 565,007| 0.30| 2| 0
| Kerala Congress (Pillai Group)| 526,937| 0.28| 0| New
| Kerala Congress| 491,674| 0.26| 2| –1
| Jammu & Kashmir National Conference| 483,192| 0.26| 2| New
| Muslim League (Opposition)| 318,979| 0.17| 0| New
| Socialist Unity Centre of India| 280,995| 0.15| 0| 0
| Vishal Haryana Party| 192,867| 0.10| 0| –1
| Republican Party of India| 155,972| 0.08| 0| –1
| All India Jharkhand Party| 126,288| 0.07| 1| 0
| United Democratic Front| 124,627| 0.07| 1| New
| Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party| 118,748| 0.06| 1| +1
| Jharkhand Party| 116,961| 0.06| 0| New
| Manipur Peoples Party| 109,130| 0.06| 0| 0
| Shoshit Samaj Dal (Akhil Baharatiya)| 96,753| 0.05| 0| New
| Revolutionary Communist Party of India| 45,047| 0.02| 0| 0
| Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti| 35,916| 0.02| 0| New
| Hindu Mahasabha| 35,419| 0.02| 0| 0
| Bihar Prant Hul Jharkhand| 27,116| 0.01| 0| 0
| Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad| 26,169| 0.01| 0| 0
| All India Labour Party| 17,191| 0.01| 0| New
| Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League| 12,509| 0.01| 0| 0
| All India Shiromani Baba Jivan Singh Mazabhi Dal| 5,868| 0.00| 0| New
| Independents| 10,393,617| 5.50| 9| –5
Appointed Anglo-Indians| | 2| 0
Total| 188,917,504| 100.00| 544| +23
Valid votes| 188,917,504| 97.25|
Invalid/blank votes| 5,346,411| 2.75|
Total votes| 194,263,915| 100.00|
Registered voters/turnout| 321,174,327| 60.49|
Source: ECI

## Overall Results

[edit]

Date(s)  | State  | Government before election  | Chief Minister before election  | Government after election  | Chief Minister after election  | Maps

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19 March 1977  | Kerala |  | Communist Party of India | C. Achutha Menon |  | Indian National Congress | K. Karunakaran |
| Indian National Congress |  | Communist Party of India
10 June 1977  | Tamil Nadu |  | President's Rule |  | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | M. G. Ramachandran |
Rajasthan |  | President's Rule |  | Janata Party | Bhairon Singh Shekhawat |
Uttar Pradesh |  | President's Rule |  | Janata Party | Ram Naresh Yadav |
Punjab |  | President's Rule |  | Shiromani Akali Dal | Parkash Singh Badal |
Odisha |  | President's Rule |  | Janata Party | Nilamani Routray |
Himachal Pradesh |  | President's Rule |  | Janata Party | Shanta Kumar |
Bihar |  | President's Rule |  | Janata Party | Karpoori Thakur |
14 June 1977  | West Bengal |  | Indian National Congress | Siddhartha Shankar Ray |  | Left Front | Jyoti Basu |
| Goa, Daman and Diu |  | Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party | Shashikala Kakodkar |  | Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party | Shashikala Kakodkar |
9 July 1977  | Jammu and Kashmir |  | Jammu and Kashmir National Conference | Sheik Abdullah |  | Jammu and Kashmir National Conference | Sheik Abdullah |
6 October 1977  | Haryana |  | Janata Party | Devi Lal |  | Janata Party | Devi Lal |
Madhya Pradesh |  | President's Rule |  | Janata Party | Kailash Chandra Joshi |
18 November 1977  | Nagaland |  | President's Rule |  | United Democratic Front (Nagaland)  | Vizol Koso |
31 December 1977  | Tripura |  | President's Rule |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | Nripen Chakraborty |

## Legislative Assembly elections

[edit]

### Bihar

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election

Party | Seats Contested | Seats Won | Seats Change | Vote Share

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| Janata Party | 311 | 214 |  214 | 42.7%
| Indian National Congress | 286 | 57 |  110 | 23.6%
| Independent politician | 2206 | 24 |  7 | 23.7%
| Communist Party of India | 73 | 21 |  14 | 7.0%
| Communist Party of India | 16 | 4 |  14 | 0.9%
| Jharkhand Party | 31 | 2 |  1 | 0.4%
| Akhil Bharatiya Shoshit Samaj Dal | 26 | 1 | New | 0.8%
| All India Jharkhand Party | 21 | 1 | New | 0.5%

### Goa, Daman and Diu

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election

Summary of results of the Goa Legislative Assembly election, 1977[1] | Political Party
| Seats contested
| Seats won
| Number of Votes
| % of Votes
| Seat change

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| Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party | 29 | 15 | 116,339 | 38.49% |  3
| Indian National Congress | 27 | 10 | 87,461 | 28.94% |  9
| Janata Party | 30 | 3 | 69,823 | 23.10% |  3
| Independents | 57 | 2 | 28,022 | 9.27% |  1
| Total | 145 | 30 | 302,237 |  |

### Haryana

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election

Party| Votes| %| Seats
| Janata Party| 1,765,566| 46.70| 75
| Indian National Congress| 648,422| 17.15| 3
| Vishal Haryana Party| 225,478| 5.96| 5
| Communist Party of India| 29,196| 0.77| 0
| Communist Party of India (Marxist)| 23,191| 0.61| 0
| Socialist Unity Center of India| 2,916| 0.08| 0
| Republican Party of India| 2,058| 0.05| 0
| Republican Party of India (Khobragade)| 1,150| 0.03| 0
| Independents| 1,082,982| 28.64| 7
Total| 3,780,959| 100.00| 90
Valid votes| 3,780,959| 98.77|
Invalid/blank votes| 47,101| 1.23|
Total votes| 3,828,060| 100.00|
Registered voters/turnout| 5,938,821| 64.46|
Source: ECI:[2]

### Himachal Pradesh

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

Rank  | Party  | Seats Contested  | Seats won  | % votes

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|
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1 | Janata Party | 68 | 53 | 49.01
2 | Indian National Congress | 56 | 9 | 27.32
3 | Independent | 68 | 6 | 21.10
| Total  |  | 68 |

Source [3]

### Jammu and Kashmir

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election

Elections for the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held in June 1977,[4] which are generally regarded as the first 'free and fair' elections in the state.[5] Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, newly revived from the former Plebiscite Front, won an overwhelming majority and re-elected Sheikh Abdullah as the Chief Minister.[6]

Party| Votes| %| Seats| +/–
| Jammu & Kashmir National Conference| 807,166| 46.22| 47| 0
| Janata Party| 414,259| 23.72| 13| New
| Indian National Congress (R)| 294,911| 16.89| 11| 47
| Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir| 62,654| 3.59| 1| 4
| Others| 1,903| 0.11| 0| 0
| Independents| 165,477| 9.48| 4| 1
Total| 1,746,370| 100.00| 76| 1
Valid votes| 1,746,370| 96.80|
Invalid/blank votes| 57,734| 3.20|
Total votes| 1,804,104| 100.00|
Registered voters/turnout| 2,684,992| 67.19|
Source: ECI[7]

### Kerala

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election

Party Wise Results Party  | Seats  | Alliance

|
|

Indian National Congress (INC)  | 38  | United Front
Communist Party of India (CPI)  | 23
Kerala Congress (KEC)  | 20
Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)  | 13
Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP)  | 9
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)  | 17  | Opposition
Bhartiya Lok Dal (BLD)  | 6
All India Muslim League (Opposition) (AIML)  | 3
Kerala Congress (Pillai Group) (KCP)  | 2
Independent (IND)  | 9  |
Total  | 140  |

### Madhya Pradesh

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

Source:[8]

SN  | Party  | Seats
Contested  | Seats
won  | Seats
Changed  | %
Votes

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|

1  | Janata Party | 319  | 230  | N/A  | 47.28%
2  | Indian National Congress (I) | 320  | 84  | -136  | 35.88%
3  | Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad | 4  | 1  | N/A  | 2.88%
4  | Independent | 320  | 5  | -13  | 15.35%
| Total |  | 320 |  |

### Nagaland

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election

Party| Votes| %| Seats| +/–
| United Democratic Front| 127,445| 39.21| 35| +10
| Indian National Congress| 65,616| 20.19| 15| New
| National Convention of Nagaland| 38,528| 11.85| 1| New
| Independents| 93,405| 28.74| 9| –3
Total| 324,994| 100.00| 60| 0
Valid votes| 324,994| 98.07|
Invalid/blank votes| 6,407| 1.93|
Total votes| 331,401| 100.00|
Registered voters/turnout| 403,454| 82.14|
Source: ECI[9]

### Odisha

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election

Party  | No. of candidates  | No. of elected  | No. of votes  | %

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Janata Party | 147  | 110  | 2527787  | 49.2%
Indian National Congress | 146  | 26  | 1594505  | 31.0%
Independents  | 264  | 9  | 738545  | 14.4%
Communist Party of India | 25  | 1  | 183485  | 3.6%
Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 4  | 1  | 45219  | 0.9%
All India Jharkhand Party | 10  | 0  | 25002  | 0.5%
Socialist Unity Centre of India | 6  | 0  | 18773  | 0.4%
Jharkhand Party | 2  | 0  | 7233  | 0.1%

### Punjab

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election

Party  | contested  | Seats won  | change in seats  | popular vote  | %

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| Shiromani Akali Dal | 70  | 58  |  34  | 17,76,602  | 31.41%
| Janata Party | 41  | 25  | (new)  | 8,47,718  | 14.99%
| Indian National Congress | 96  | 17  |  49  | 18,99,534  | 33.59%
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 8  | 8  |  7  | 1,98,144  | 3.50%
| Communist Party of India | 18  | 7  |  3  | 3,72,711  | 6.59%
| Independents | 435  | 2  |  1  | 5,41,958  | 9.58%
| Others  | 14  | 0  | \-  | 18,686  | 0.33%
Total[10] | 682  | 117  |  | 56,55,353  |

### Rajasthan

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election

Party| Votes| %| Seats| +/–
| Janata Party| 4,160,373| 50.39| 152| New
| Indian National Congress| 2,599,772| 31.49| 41| –104
| Communist Party of India| 91,640| 1.11| 1| –3
| Communist Party of India (Marxist)| 61,682| 0.75| 1| +1
| Indian Union Muslim League| 21,889| 0.27| 0| New
| Vishal Haryana Party| 1,290| 0.02| 0| New
| Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad| 320| 0.00| 0| New
| Independents| 1,319,053| 15.98| 5| –6
Total| 8,256,019| 100.00| 200| +16
Valid votes| 8,256,019| 97.89|
Invalid/blank votes| 177,653| 2.11|
Total votes| 8,433,672| 100.00|
Registered voters/turnout| 15,494,289| 54.43|
Source: ECI[11]

### Tamil Nadu

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

The sixth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on June 10, 1977. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the election defeating its rival Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R), the AIADMK founder and a leading Tamil film actor, was sworn in as Chief Minister for the first time. The election was a four cornered contest between the AIADMK, DMK, the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Janata Party. Earlier on 17 October 1972, M.G.R had founded the AIADMK following his expulsion from the DMK after differences arose between him and DMK leader M. Karunanidhi. On 31 January 1976, Karunanidhi's government was dismissed by the central government of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi citing corruption charges against Karunanidhi and President's rule was imposed on the state. Karunanidhi had been at odds with Indira Gandhi over his opposition to Emergency and allied with Janata Party founded by Jayaprakash Narayan. Meanwhile, M.G.R had developed a close relationship with Indira Gandhi and supported the Emergency. M.G.R remained as Chief Minister until his death in 1987, winning the next two elections held in 1980 and 1984.

Election map of results based on parties. Colours are based on the results table on the left Summary of the 1977 June Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election results  Alliance/Party  |  | Seats won  | Change  | Popular Vote  | Vote %  | Adj. %‡

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AIADMK+ alliance  |  | 144 | +142 | 5,734,692 | 33.5%
AIADMK |  | 130  | +130  | 5,194,876  | 30.4%  | 35.4%
CPI(M) |  | 12  | +12  | 477,835  | 2.8%  | 33.0%
FBL |  | 1  | –  | 35,361  | 0.2%  | 62.0%
IND |  | 1  | –  | 26,620  | 0.2%  | 42.9%
DMK  |  | 48 | -136 | 4,258,771 | 24.9%
DMK |  | 48  | -136  | 4,258,771  | 24.9%  | 25.3%
Congress alliance  |  | 32 | +24 | 3,491,490 | 20.4%
INC |  | 27  | +27  | 2,994,535  | 17.5%  | 20.8%
CPI |  | 5  | -3  | 496,955  | 2.9%  | 20.4%
Janata  |  | 10 | +10 | 2,851,884 | 16.7%
JNP |  | 10  | +10  | 2,851,884  | 16.7%  | 16.8%
Others  |  | 1 | -7 | 751,712 | 4.4%
IND |  | 1  | -7  | 751,712  | 4.4%  | –
Total |  | 234  | –  | 17,108,146  | 100%  | –

‡: Vote % reflects the percentage of votes the party received compared to the entire electorate that voted in this election. Adjusted (Adj.) Vote %, reflects the % of votes the party received per constituency that they contested.
Sources: Election Commission of India [12]

### Tripura

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election

Performance of the political parties in this election  Party  | Seats Contested  | Seats Won  | No. of Votes  | % of Votes  | 1972 Seats

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Communist Party of India | 10  | 0  | 6,266  | 0.84%  | 1
Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 55  | 51  | 352,652  | 47.00%  | 16
Indian National Congress | 60  | 0  | 133,240  | 17.76%  | 41
Janata Party | 59  | 0  | 78,479  | 10.46%  | \-
All India Forward Bloc | 1  | 1  | 7,800  | 1.04%  | 0
Revolutionary Socialist Party | 2  | 2  | 12,446  | 1.66%  | \-
Proutist Bloc of India | 6  | 0  | 2,139  | 0.29%  | \-
Congress for Democracy | 59  | 0  | 66,913  | 9.08%  | \-
Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti | 28  | 4  | 59,474  | 7.93%  | 0
Independents | 48  | 2  | 30,862  | 4.11%  | 2
Total  | 328  | 60  | 750,271  |  |

[13]

### Uttar Pradesh

[edit]

Party| Votes| %| Seats| +/–
| Janata Party| 11,351,359| 47.76| 352| New
| Indian National Congress| 7,592,107| 31.94| 47| –168
| Communist Party of India| 611,450| 2.57| 9| –7
| Communist Party of India (Marxist)| 136,850| 0.58| 1| –1
| Others| 241,821| 1.02| 0| 0
| Independents| 3,832,832| 16.13| 16| +12
Total| 23,766,419| 100.00| 425| +1
Valid votes| 23,766,419| 98.40|
Invalid/blank votes| 386,237| 1.60|
Total votes| 24,152,656| 100.00|
Registered voters/turnout| 52,345,606| 46.14|
Source: ECI[14]

### West Bengal

[edit]

Main article: 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election

Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of West Bengal on 14 June 1977.[15] The polls took place after the ousting of Indira Gandhi's government at the Centre. The Left Front won a landslide victory, much to the surprise of the left parties themselves. The 1977 election marked the beginning of the 34-year Left Front rule in West Bengal, with Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader Jyoti Basu leading the first Left Front cabinet.

Party  | Candidates  | Seats  | Votes  | %

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|
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Left Front | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 224  | 178  | 5,080,828  | 35.46
All India Forward Bloc | 36  | 25  | 750,229  | 5.24
Revolutionary Socialist Party | 23  | 20  | 536,625  | 3.74
Revolutionary Communist Party of India | 4  | 3  | 75,156  | 0.52
Marxist Forward Bloc | 3  | 3  | 58,466  | 0.41
Biplobi Bangla Congress | 2  | 1  | 35,457  | 0.25
LF independent  | 1  | 1  | 32,238  | 0.22
Janata Party | 289  | 29  | 2,869,391  | 20.02
Indian National Congress (R) | 290  | 20  | 3,298,063  | 23.02
Communist Party of India | 63  | 2  | 375,560  | 2.62
Socialist Unity Centre of India | 29  | 4  | 211,752  | 1.48
Indian Union Muslim League | 32  | 1  | 54,942  | 0.38
Workers Party of India | 2  | 1  | 29,221  | 0.20
Jharkhand Party | 2  | 0  | 5,701  | 0.04
Republican Party of India | 3  | 0  | 1,652  | 0.01
All India Gorkha League | 2  | 0  | 810  | 0.01
Bharater Biplobi Communist Party  | 1  | 0  | 489  | 0.00
Independents  | 566  | 7  | 912,612  | 6.37
Total | 1,572 | 294 | 14,329,201 | 100
Source: ECI

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1977 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF GOA". Election Commission of India.
2. ^ "Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
3. ^ STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1977 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
4. ^ 1977 J&K elections
5. ^ Guha 2008, Section 23.III.
6. ^ Statistical report J&K 1977
7. ^ "Jammu & Kashmir 1977". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
8. ^ "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1977 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MADHYA PRADESH" (PDF). eci.nic.in. Election Commission of India. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
9. ^ "Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Nagaland". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
10. ^ "Punjab Assembly Election Results in 1977". elections.in.
11. ^ "Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
12. ^ Election Commission of India. "1977 Election Statistical Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
13. ^ "1977 Tripura Election result".
14. ^ "Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
15. ^ West Bengal (India); Jatindra Chandra Sengupta (1978). West Bengal District Gazetteers: Nadiā. State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers. p. 420.

## Sources

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* Guha, Ramachandra (2008), India after Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy, Pan Macmillan, ISBN 978-0330396110

## External links

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