1984 Singaporean general election

Elections to the 6th Parliament of Singapore

1984 Singaporean general election

* * *

| <- 1980 | 22 December 1984 | 1988 ->

|
|

<- outgoing members

elected members ->

* * *

All 79 directly elected seats in Parliament (and up to 3 NCMPs)
Registered| 944,624
Turnout| 95.65% ( 0.15pp)
|  | First party  | Second party  | Third party

|
|
|

|  |  |
Leader  | Lee Kuan Yew | J. B. Jeyaretnam | Chiam See Tong
Party  | PAP | WP | SDP
Last election  | 77.66%, 75 seats  | 6.22%, 0 seats  | 1.77%, 0 seats
Seats won  | 77 | 1  | 1
Seat change  | 2  | 1  | 1
Popular vote  | 568,310 | 110,868  | 32,102
Percentage  | 64.83% | 12.65%  | 3.66%
Swing  |  12.83pp  |  6.43pp  |  1.89pp

* * *

| Prime Minister before election

Lee Kuan Yew
PAP

| Prime Minister after election

Lee Kuan Yew
PAP

|

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General elections were held in Singapore on 22 December 1984. President Devan Nair dissolved parliament on 4 December 1984 on the advice of Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. The result was a victory for the People's Action Party, which won 77 of the 79 seats, marking the first time since 1963 that at least one opposition candidate was elected to parliament in a general election, although the first presence of an opposition MP was in the 1981 Anson by-election.

## Background

[edit]

In his 1983 National Day Rally speech, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew lamented that declining birth rates and large number of graduate women remaining single or not marrying their intellectual equal could see Singapore's talent pool shrink. The PAP government then proceeded to launch the "Graduate Mothers' Scheme" to entice graduate women with incentives to get married and grant graduate mothers priority in the best schools for their third child.[1] The proposal was met with anger by the Singapore public (including many female graduates) and the PAP government drew accusations of elitism, and even eugenics. Notably, prominent PAP stalwarts like Deputy Prime Minister S. Rajaratnam and also ex-minister Toh Chin Chye expressed opposition to the proposal.[2][3]

In March 1984 Health Minister Howe Yoon Chong released a controversial proposal to raise the age for the withdrawal of Central Provident Fund (CPF) savings from 55 to 60 years. At a news conference on 26 March 1984, Howe reasoned that Singaporeans could not depend only on their children in their old age. That suggestion, part of the 54-page report of the Committee on the Problems of the Aged[4] which he chaired, was eventually dropped. Taking up the suggestions in the report, the Singapore Government subsequently introduced the Minimum Sum scheme. This allows workers to withdraw some of their CPF funds at age 55, setting aside a certain minimum sum which can only be withdrawn at retirement age, currently at 62 years.[5][6]

These controversial proposals sparked debate and uproar in the Singapore electorate and were said to have contributed to a big dip in PAP's support and its share of votes plunged by 12.9% to below 64.8%, the biggest fall and the lowest for PAP since the 1963 general elections (this remains the largest anti-PAP swing ever in a seriously contested general election as of 2020). In his memoirs, Lee Kuan Yew recalled that the swing against the PAP was larger than what he expected.

### New candidates/outgoing incumbents

[edit]

Minister of Finance Hon Sui Sen died during his term on 14 October 1983 and his seat of Havelock was vacated, but no by-election was held on the constituency, and announced to be merged into Delta constituency. Tony Tan succeeded Hon as the new Finance Minister.

PM Lee's son Lee Hsien Loong (who went on to become the nation's third Prime Minister) made his debut in the newly formed Teck Ghee constituency, while PAP stalwarts Dr Goh Keng Swee and Ong Pang Boon stepped down. In the only election among several preceding and succeeding ones, the election deposit of $1,500 remained unchanged. The Workers' Party secretary-general J. B. Jeyaretnam successfully retained the Anson constituency with an increased majority, while the Singapore Democratic Party made its first in-road into Parliament with the victory of Chiam See Tong, who would serve the Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency for the next 26 years until 2011.

### Non-Constituency Member of Parliament scheme

[edit]

A new Non-Constituency Member of Parliament scheme was introduced whereby between three and six seats, the exact number which was decided by the President of Singapore, would be offered to unsuccessful opposition candidates with the best scores and who garner at least 15% of the votes if any one party wins all the seats, subtracting one NCMP seat for every one opposition MP elected. Opposition parties dismissed the scheme for misleading voters into thinking that they could have opposition MPs without voting for them. M.P.D. Nair of WP who contested Jalan Kayu was the first to be offered but declined. The offer was then made to Singapore United Front's Tan Chee Kien who contested Kaki Bukit, who also declined, and no further offers were made.

With the creation of the scheme, this also began a continuing trend in which three political parties were represented in Parliament with the exception of 1986–1988 (due to the disqualification of sole Workers' Party MP J. B. Jeyaretnam in 1986) and 2015–2020 (when the Workers' Party was the sole opposition party with MPs).

## Timeline

[edit]

Date  | Event

|

4 December | Dissolution of the 5th Parliament
12 December | Nomination Day
22 December | Polling day
25 February 1985 | Opening of 6th Parliament

## Electoral boundaries

[edit]

See also: List of Singaporean electoral divisions (1984–88)

The newer constituencies are those with rapid developments of Ang Mo Kio, Tampines, Jurong East, Bedok & Jurong West (smaller developments), while other constituencies were dissolved, which was reflected in the table:

Constituency | Changes

|

New Constituencies
Bo Wen | Formed from Ang Mo Kio, Kebun Baru & Yio Chu Kang
Changkat | Formed from Tampines & Kaki Bukit
Eunos | Formed from Kaki Bukit & Tampines
Fengshan | Formed from Bedok, Kampong Chai Chee & Tanah Merah
Hong Kah | Formed from Boon Lay
Teck Ghee | Formed from Ang Mo Kio & Chong Boon
Yuhua | Formed from Boon Lay & Bukit Timah
Defunct Constituencies
Bukit Ho Swee | Absorbed to Tiong Bahru and Kim Seng
Havelock | Absorbed to Delta
Katong | Absorbed to Joo Chiat and Mountbatten

## New/Outgoing MP

[edit]

Outgoing MPs | New MPs

|

Retiring

* Abdul Rahim Ishak (Siglap)
* Chan Chee Seng (Jalan Besar)
* Chau Sik Ting (Thomson)
* Chiang Hai Deng (Ulu Pandan)
* Chor Yeok Eng (Bukit Timah)
* Goh Keng Swee (Kreta Ayer)
* Ho See Beng (Khe Bong)
* Howe Yoon Chong (Potong Pasir)
* Hwang Soo Jin (Jalan Kayu)
* Joseph Francis (Katong)^
* Lee Khoon Choy (Braddell Heights)
* Michael Liew (Boon Teck)
* Mohammad Kasim Abdul Jabbar (Radin Mas)
* Mohammad Mansor bin Sukaimi (Kampong Kembangan)
* P Selvadurai (Kuo Chuan)
* Rohan Kamis (Telok Blangah)
* Saidi bin Shariff (Kaki Bukit)
* Seah Mui Kok (Bukit Ho Swee)^
* Sia Kah Hui (Paya Lebar)

Deceased

* Hon Sui Sen (Havelock)^

* Abdullah Tarmugi
* Aline Wong
* Arthur Beng
* Chiam See Tong
* Dixie Tan
* Goh Choon Kang
* Heng Chiang Meng
* Ho Tat Kin
* Koh Lam Son
* Lee Boon Yang
* Lee Hsien Loong
* Leong Horn Kee
* Philip Tan
* Richard Hu
* S Vasoo
* Tang Guan Seng
* Wang Kai Yuen
* Wong Kan Seng
* Yatiman Yusof
* Yeo Cheow Tong
* Yu-Foo Yee Shoon
* Zulkifi Mohammad

^Note : A caret indicates that the constituency was removed and absorbed to other wards.

## Results

[edit]

Chua Chu Kang SMC United People's Front candidate Teo Kim Hoe who garnered only 196 votes, or 0.81% of the valid votes cast, set a worst-scoring result for any candidates in the history of the election until the 2013 by-election where Desmond Lim surpassed the record with 168 votes or 0.53% of the valid votes;[7] not counting by-elections, the record has also be broken by independent candidate Samir Salim Neji in the 2015 general election, with 150 votes or 0.60% of the valid votes.

Excluding the 30 uncontested constituencies, the voter turnout was 95.6%, with 63.2% of the total electorate casting their votes.[8]

Party| Votes| %| +/–| Seats| +/–
| People's Action Party| 568,310| 64.83| –12.83| 77| +2
| Workers' Party| 110,868| 12.65| +6.43| 1| +1
| Singapore United Front| 87,237| 9.95| +1.89| 0| 0
| Singapore Democratic Party| 32,102| 3.66| +5.63| 1| +1
| United People's Front| 27,217| 3.10| –1.39| 0| 0
| Barisan Sosialis| 24,212| 2.76| +0.17| 0| 0
| Singapore Justice Party| 10,906| 1.24| +0.41| 0| 0
| Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura| 4,768| 0.54| –1.57| 0| 0
| Angkatan Islam| 359| 0.04| New| 0| New
| Independents| 10,586| 1.21| New| 0| New
Total| 876,565| 100.00| –| 79| +4
Valid votes| 876,565| 97.08|
Invalid/blank votes| 26,394| 2.92|
Total votes| 902,959| 100.00|
Registered voters/turnout| 1,495,389| 95.59|
Source: Singapore Elections[usurped][a]

### By constituency

[edit]

Constituency | Electorate  | Party | Candidate | Votes | %

|
|
|
|
|

Alexandra | 19,670  |  | People's Action Party | Tan Soo Khoon | 12,172  | 66.79
| Workers' Party | John Cruz Corera  | 6,053  | 33.21
Aljunied | 19,045  |  | People's Action Party | Chin Harn Tong | Uncontested
Ang Mo Kio | 14,633  |  | People's Action Party | Yeo Toon Chia | 9,909  | 72.75
| United People's Front  | Ang Bee Lian  | 3,711  | 27.25
Anson | 18,493  |  | Workers' Party | J. B. Jeyaratnam | 9,909  | 56.81
| People's Action Party | Ng Pock Too | 7,533  | 43.19
Ayer Rajah | 20,017  |  | People's Action Party | Tan Cheng Bock | 14,050  | 75.44
| Singapore Justice Party | Suib bin Abdul Rahman  | 4,575  | 24.56
Bedok | 17,074  |  | People's Action Party | S. Jayakumar | 10,972  | 68.95
| Singapore United Front | Lee Chin Teck  | 4,941  | 31.05
Bo Wen | 14,777  |  | People's Action Party | Sushilan Vasoo | 10,299  | 74.70
| United People's Front  | Shaikh Ahmad bin Shaikh Salim  | 3,488  | 25.30
Boon Lay | 18,964  |  | People's Action Party | Goh Chee Wee | 12,490  | 69.65
| Singapore United Front | Reveendran Sasi  | 5,443  | 30.35
Boon Teck | 19,490  |  | People's Action Party | Ho Tat Kin | 10,224  | 56.16
| Barisan Sosialis | Lee Siew Choh | 7,982  | 43.84
Braddell Heights | 14,152  |  | People's Action Party | Goh Choon Kang | Uncontested
Brickworks | 13,571  |  | People's Action Party | Ahmad Mattar | 8,389  | 66.27
| Workers' Party | Mohd Taib bin Saffar  | 4,270  | 33.73
Bukit Batok | 20,812  |  | People's Action Party | Chai Chong Yii | 14,767  | 78.27
| United People's Front  | Tan Jue Kit  | 4,099  | 21.73
Bukit Merah | 19,210  |  | People's Action Party | Lim Chee Onn | Uncontested
Bukit Panjang | 23,173  |  | People's Action Party | Lee Yiok Seng | Uncontested
Bukit Timah | 17,238  |  | People's Action Party | Wang Kai Yuen | Uncontested
Buona Vista | 18,041  |  | People's Action Party | Ang Kok Peng | Uncontested
Cairnhill | 15,862  |  | People's Action Party | Wong Kwei Cheong | Uncontested
Changi | 20,129  |  | People's Action Party | Teo Chong Tee | 12,195  | 65.75
| Singapore United Front | Sim Peng Kim  | 6,353  | 34.25
Changkat | 18,742  |  | People's Action Party | Aline Wong | 10,310  | 58.56
| Singapore Democratic Party | Soon Kia Seng  | 7,297  | 41.44
Cheng San | 17,328  |  | People's Action Party | Lee Yock Suan | Uncontested
Chong Boon | 20,650  |  | People's Action Party | Rajagopal Sitaram Chandra Das | 11,058  | 56.02
| Singapore Democratic Party | Ling How Dung  | 8,681  | 43.98
Chua Chu Kang | 25,532  |  | People's Action Party | Tang See Chim | 13,254  | 54.84
| Workers' Party | Chan Keng Sieng  | 10,720  | 44.35
| United People's Front  | Teo Kim Hoe  | 196  | 0.81
Clementi | 20,890  |  | People's Action Party | Bernard Chen Tien Lap | Uncontested
Delta | 14,800  |  | People's Action Party | Yeo Choo Kok | 7,987  | 58.72
| Workers' Party | Peter Chua Chwee Huat  | 5,614  | 41.28
Eunos | 17,615  |  | People's Action Party | Zulkifli bin Mohammed | 10,494  | 64.81
| Singapore United Front | Chong Tung Shang  | 5,697  | 35.19
Fengshan | 18,407  |  | People's Action Party | Arthur Beng Kian Lam | 11,216  | 65.13
| Singapore United Front | Chng Chin Siah  | 6,005  | 34.87
Geylang Serai | 24,109  |  | People's Action Party | Othman bin Haron Eusofe | 14,564  | 65.57
| Singapore United Front | Mohamed Mansor bin Abdul Rahman  | 7,649  | 34.43
Geylang West | 22,325  |  | People's Action Party | Teh Cheang Wan | 13,798  | 66.83
| Singapore United Front | Lim Tiong Hock  | 2,994  | 34.43
Henderson | 17,630  |  | People's Action Party | Lai Tha Chai | 9,695  | 58.80
| Workers' Party | Chon Koon Cheong  | 6,793  | 41.20
Hong Kah | 22,062  |  | People's Action Party | Yeo Cheow Tong | Uncontested
Jalan Besar | 16,115  |  | People's Action Party | Lee Boon Yang | 9,236  | 64.43
| Workers' Party | Anathan Balakrishnan  | 5,100  | 35.57
Jalan Kayu | 25,011  |  | People's Action Party | Heng Chiang Meng | 11,985  | 51.22
| Workers' Party | Madai Puthan Damodaran Nair[b] | 11,414  | 48.78
Joo Chiat | 18,957  |  | People's Action Party | Yeoh Ghim Seng | Uncontested
Jurong | 24,517  |  | People's Action Party | Ho Kah Leong | Uncontested
Kaki Bukit | 20,683  |  | People's Action Party | Chew Heng Ching | 10,229  | 52.28
| Singapore United Front | Tan Chee Kien[c] | 9,336  | 47.72
Kallang | 18,809  |  | People's Action Party | S. Dhanabalan | 11,256  | 64.95
| Workers' Party | A. L. Sundram  | 6,075  | 35.05
Kampong Chai Chee | 22,537  |  | People's Action Party | Andrew Fong Sip Chee | 12,125  | 57.16
| Singapore United Front | Seow Khee Leng  | 9,087  | 42.84
Kampong Glam | 18,127  |  | People's Action Party | S. Rajaratnam | Uncontested
Kampong Kembangan | 20,295  |  | People's Action Party | Yatiman bin Yusof | 10,326  | 55.71
| Workers' Party | Jufrie Mahmood | 3,023  | 44.29
Kampong Ubi | 14,323  |  | People's Action Party | Wan Hussin bin Zoohri | 8,378  | 63.73
| Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura | Abdul Rahman bin Mohamed Zin  | 4,768  | 36.27
Kebun Baru | 17,542  |  | People's Action Party | Lim Boon Heng | 12,311  | 75.84
| United People's Front  | Harbans Singh  | 3,921  | 24.16
Khe Bong | 15,773  |  | People's Action Party | Tang Guan Seng | 9,221  | 62.53
| Barisan Sosialis | Sim Say Chuan  | 5,525  | 37.47
Kim Keat | 20,439  |  | People's Action Party | Ong Teng Cheong | Uncontested
Kim Seng | 22,136  |  | People's Action Party | Yeo Ning Hong | Uncontested
Kolam Ayer | 23,630  |  | People's Action Party | Sidek bin Saniff | 12,812  | 57.91
| Workers' Party | Royston George Scharenguivel  | 9,311  | 42.09
Kreta Ayer | 15,982  |  | People's Action Party | Hu Tsu Tau Richard | 11,083  | 83.17
| Independent  | Lee Mun Hung  | 2,242  | 16.83
Kuo Chuan | 18,728  |  | People's Action Party | Wong Kan Seng | 11,162  | 64.55
| Barisan Sosialis | Sim Chit Giak  | 6,129  | 35.45
Leng Kee | 14,805  |  | People's Action Party | Ow Chin Hock | 9,190  | 66.84
| Workers' Party | George Benjamin Armstrong  | 4,559  | 33.16
MacPherson | 19,500  |  | People's Action Party | Chua Sian Chin | Uncontested
Marine Parade | 23,622  |  | People's Action Party | Goh Chok Tong | 15,228  | 70.93
| Singapore United Front | Gertrude Magdeline De Gracias  | 6,242  | 29.07
Moulmein | 18,893  |  | People's Action Party | Sia Khoon Seong | Uncontested
Mountbatten | 21,480  |  | People's Action Party | Eugene Yap Giau Cheng | 16,077  | 81.32
| Independent  | Tan Ah Teng  | 3,692  | 18.68
Nee Soon | 26,897  |  | People's Action Party | Koh Lip Lin | 18,444  | 74.24
| Singapore United Front | Quek Teow Chuan  | 6,401  | 25.76
Pasir Panjang | 17,149  |  | People's Action Party | Abbas Abu Amin | 9,316  | 59.35
| Workers' Party | John Gan Eng Guan  | 6,022  | 38.36
| Angkatan Islam Singapura  | Mohamad Sani bin Jan  | 359  | 2.29
Paya Lebar | 18,420  |  | People's Action Party | Philip Tan Tee Yong | Uncontested
Potong Pasir | 17,915  |  | Singapore Democratic Party | Chiam See Tong | 10,128  | 60.28
| People's Action Party | Mah Bow Tan | 5,509  | 39.72
Punggol | 24,727  |  | People's Action Party | Ng Kah Ting | 14,904  | 65.09
| Singapore United Front | Sim Ah Leng  | 7,995  | 34.91
Queenstown | 18,084  |  | People's Action Party | Jek Yeun Thong | Uncontested
Radin Mas | 19,770  |  | People's Action Party | Chng Hee Kok | 9,997  | 53.78
| Workers' Party | Wong Hong Toy  | 8,590  | 46.22
River Valley | 13,481  |  | People's Action Party | Tay Eng Soon | Uncontested
Rochore | 14,164  |  | People's Action Party | Toh Chin Chye | Uncontested
Sembawang | 22,326  |  | People's Action Party | Tony Tan | 15,948  | 77.42
| Independent  | Stanley Mariadass  | 4,652  | 22.58
Serangoon Gardens | 17,553  |  | People's Action Party | Lau Teik Soon | Uncontested
Siglap | 17,090  |  | People's Action Party | Abdullah Tarmugi | Uncontested
Tampines | 19,656  |  | People's Action Party | Phua Bah Lee | 13,163  | 72.34
| United People's Front  | Kasim bin Ibrahim  | 5,032  | 27.66
Tanah Merah | 17,808  |  | People's Action Party | Ibrahim bin Othman | 11,093  | 68.08
| Singapore United Front | Ng Lep Chong  | 5,201  | 31.92
Tanglin | 15,990  |  | People's Action Party | Edmund W. Barker | Uncontested
Tanjong Pagar | 15,812  |  | People's Action Party | Lee Kuan Yew | Uncontested
Teck Ghee | 16,866  |  | People's Action Party | Lee Hsien Loong | 12,794  | 80.38
| United People's Front  | Giam Lai Cheng  | 3,123  | 19.62
Telok Ayer | 13,984  |  | People's Action Party | Ong Pang Boon | Uncontested
Telok Blangah | 19,550  |  | People's Action Party | Koh Lam Son | 10,150  | 55.02
| Workers' Party | Rajaratnam Murugason  | 8,299  | 44.98
Thomson | 15,271  |  | People's Action Party | Leong Horn Kee | Uncontested
Tiong Bahru | 20,091  |  | People's Action Party | Ch'ng Jit Koon | Uncontested
Toa Payoh | 14,177  |  | People's Action Party | Eric Cheong Yuen Chee | 8,559  | 65.16
| Barisan Sosialis | Ng Ho  | 4,576  | 34.84
Ulu Pandan | 22,761  |  | People's Action Party | Dixie Tan | Uncontested
West Coast | 28,008  |  | People's Action Party | Wan Soon Bee | 19,745  | 75.72
| Singapore Justice Party | Muthusamy Ramasamy  | 6,331  | 24.28
Whampoa | 18,494  |  | People's Action Party | Augustine Tan Hui Heng | Uncontested
Yio Chu Kang | 16,734  |  | People's Action Party | Lau Ping Sum | 11,977  | 76.66
| United People's Front  | Munjeet Singh  | 3,647  | 23.34
Yuhua | 16,266  |  | People's Action Party | Yu-Foo Yee Shoon | 9,551  | 61.43
| Singapore Democratic Party | Lim Ah Yong  | 5,996  | 38.57
Source: ELD

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ 550,765 of the 1,495,389 registered voters were in uncontested constitutencies
2. ^ Elected NCMP on 24 December 1984 but rejected to take the seat on 4 January 1985. Seat declared vacant on 4 March 1985.
3. ^ Offered NCMP seat on 8 March 1985 but rejected on 28 March 1985. Declared resigned.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Policies for the bedroom and beyond". Today. 23 March 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
2. ^ "Policies for the bedroom and beyond". Today. 23 March 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
3. ^ "Reproductive Rights". AWARE. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
4. ^ Committee on the Problems of the Aged (1984). Problems of the Aged : Report of the Committee on the Problems of the Aged. Singapore: Ministry of Health. ISBN 9971-88-022-9.
5. ^ "Former Cabinet Minister Howe Yoon Chong dies at age 84". Channel NewsAsia. 21 August 2007. Archived from the original on 23 August 2007. Retrieved 21 August 2007.
6. ^ "Late Howe Yoon Chong cared deeply for country's development: PM Lee". Channel NewsAsia. 22 August 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2007.
7. ^ Toh, Yong Chuan; Lim, Joyce (January 27, 2013). "SDA scores worst result in post-independence history". AsiaOne. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
8. ^ Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann (15 November 2001). Elections in Asia and the Pacific : A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. OUP Oxford. p. 255\. ISBN 978-0-19-924959-6.

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