1985 Summer Universiade

Multi-sport event in Kobe, Japan

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XIII Summer Universiade
第13回 夏季ユニバーシアード

Host city| Kobe, Japan
Nations| 106
Athletes| 2,783
Events| 119 in 11 sports
Opening| August 24, 1985
Closing| September 4, 1985
Opened by| Crown Prince Akihito
Main venue| Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium

<- 1983 Edmonton

1987 Zagreb ->

Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium

The 1985 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIII Summer Universiade, took place in Kobe, Japan.

## Mascot

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The mascot of the Kobe Universiade, "Unitan", designed by Osamu Tezuka, is a red-crested white crane, symbolic of Japan and a good omen. The name was chosen from some 8,000 suggestions received from throughout the country. The name is derived from a combination of 'uni' from 'Universiade' and 'tan' from the Japanese name for red-crested crane, namely 'tancho-tsuru'.

## Gender test

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The sex chromatin test was used at these games to decide on participants' gender; Spanish hurdler Maria José Martínez-Patiño was declared a man and thus ruled ineligible for the women's events.[1][2][3] In agreement with officials who suggested she fake an injury so she could withdraw without publicity, she complied. She later fought, successfully, to have that diagnosis reversed.[4]

## Sports

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* Athletics (details)
* Basketball (details)
* Diving (details)
* Fencing (details)
* Football (details)
* Gymnastics (details)
* Judo (details)
* Swimming (details)
* Tennis (details)
* Volleyball (details)
* Water polo (details)

## Medal table

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Rank| Nation| Gold| Silver| Bronze| Total

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1|  Soviet Union (URS)| 41| 22| 17| 80
2|  United States (USA)| 25| 21| 23| 69
3|  Cuba (CUB)| 8| 8| 5| 21
4|  China (CHN)| 6| 7| 6| 19
5|  Romania (ROM)| 5| 10| 6| 21
6|  Japan (JPN)*| 5| 3| 7| 15
7|  Italy (ITA)| 4| 6| 5| 15
8|  Bulgaria (BUL)| 4| 5| 5| 14
9|  North Korea (PRK)| 3| 3| 3| 9
10|  Netherlands (NED)| 3| 1| 4| 8
11|  Poland (POL)| 3| 1| 2| 6
12|  South Korea (KOR)| 3| 0| 4| 7
13|  West Germany (FRG)| 2| 4| 9| 15
14|  Australia (AUS)| 2| 4| 2| 8
15|  Nigeria (NGR)| 2| 1| 2| 5
16|  Hungary (HUN)| 1| 4| 3| 8
17|  Great Britain (GBR)| 1| 2| 3| 6
18|  Brazil (BRA)| 1| 2| 2| 5
19|  Czechoslovakia (TCH)| 1| 0| 1| 2
Jamaica (JAM)| 1| 0| 1| 2
21|  Canada (CAN)| 0| 6| 7| 13
22|  France (FRA)| 0| 4| 3| 7
23|  Yugoslavia (YUG)| 0| 1| 2| 3
24|  Mexico (MEX)| 0| 1| 0| 1
New Zealand (NZL)| 0| 1| 0| 1
Portugal (POR)| 0| 1| 0| 1
Uruguay (URU)| 0| 1| 0| 1
28|  Ivory Coast (CIV)| 0| 0| 1| 1
Morocco (MAR)| 0| 0| 1| 1
Puerto Rico (PUR)| 0| 0| 1| 1
Totals (30 entries)| 121| 119| 125| 365

## References

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1. ^ Ruth Padawer (June 28, 2016). "The Humiliating Practice of Sex-Testing Female Athletes". The New York Times.
2. ^ Ljungqvist, A. (2008-04-15). "Gender Verification". In Barbara L. Drinkwater (ed.). The Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine: An IOC Medical Commission Publication, Women in Sport. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 183–93\. ISBN 9780470756850. Retrieved 2 March 2015.183-93&rft.pub=John+Wiley+&+Sons&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft.isbn=9780470756850&rft.aulast=Ljungqvist&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPXr-0PUk5gC&pg;=PA186&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1985+Summer+Universiade" class="Z3988">
3. ^ Schultz, Jaime (2014). Qualifying Times: Points of Change in U.S. Women's Sport. U of Illinois P. pp. 111–12\. ISBN 9780252095962.111-12&rft.pub=U+of+Illinois+P&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780252095962&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=Jaime&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-7kAgAAQBAJ&pg;=PA112&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1985+Summer+Universiade" class="Z3988">
4. ^ Cole, Cheryl L. (2000). "One Chromosome Too Many?". In Kay Schaffer (ed.). The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games. Sidonie Smith. Rutgers UP. pp. 128–46\. ISBN 9780813528205. Retrieved 2 March 2015.128-46&rft.pub=Rutgers+UP&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780813528205&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Cheryl+L.&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMzYdZpk8qMC&pg;=PA138&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1985+Summer+Universiade" class="Z3988">

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* §Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic

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