1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election

* * *

| <- 1980 | 1–2 July 1985 (common roll)
27 June 1985 (white roll) | 1990 ->

|
|

* * *

All 100 seats in the House of Assembly
|  | First party  | Second party  | Third party

|
|
|

|  |  |
Leader  | Robert Mugabe | Joshua Nkomo | Ian Smith
Party  | ZANU–PF | ZAPU | CAZ
Last election  | 57  | 20  | 20
Seats won  | 64  | 15  | 15
Seat change  |  7  |  5  |  5
Popular vote  | 2,233,320  | 556,996  | 18,704[a]
Percentage  | 77.2%  | 19.3%  | 55.4%[a]

* * *

| Prime Minister before election

Robert Mugabe
ZANU–PF

| Prime Minister-designate

Robert Mugabe
ZANU–PF

|

Politics of Zimbabwe

Constitution

* Constitutional history
* Human rights

Government

* President

Emmerson Mnangagwa
* Vice-President

Constantino Chiwenga
Kembo Mohadi
* Cabinet

Legislature

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Senate

President
National Assembly

Speaker
Constituencies

Judiciary

* Supreme Court

Elections

* General

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 2013 2018 2023

* Referendums

2000 2013

* Electoral Commission
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* Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade

Minister: Frederick Shava

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of / in Zimbabwe

* * *

* Passport
* Visa requirements
* Visa policy

* v
* t
* e

Parliamentary elections were held in Zimbabwe in June and July 1985. The result was a victory for the ruling ZANU–PF party led by Robert Mugabe, which increased its majority in parliament.

## Electoral system

[edit]

The House of Assembly consisted of 100 seats, 20 of which were reserved for white voters, and the remaining 80 were elected on a 'common roll' consisting of all adult citizens except those on the white roll. Since Zimbabwean independence in 1980, an electoral roll for the common roll seats had been compiled. Single-member constituencies were drawn up for the common roll seats instead of election by lists in regions used in the 1980 elections. The common roll seats were elected on 1–2 July.

The white roll seats had been drawn up in 1978 but the large exodus of white Zimbabweans (especially from rural areas) had led to a wide disparity in electorate sizes. The Delimitation Commission therefore redrew the map and renamed many of the seats to match changes in place names. Another change to the system was that preferential voting was reinstituted for the white roll seats, so that a candidate had to win more than half of the votes (after transfers) to be elected. The white roll seats were elected on 27 June.

## Campaign

[edit]

### Common roll

[edit]

The previous election had shown that ZANU (PF) had monopolised popular support among the Shona areas, and the chances of it losing the election were minimal. However, ZANU (PF) needed to affirm its support and demonstrate that it retained the confidence of the people that it was making genuine progress. Popular support for PF-ZAPU, outside the Ndebele areas, was minimal, and the United African National Council of Abel Muzorewa had lost support to ZANU (PF) following the effective transition into government of Robert Mugabe.

### White roll

[edit]

The white MPs in the previous Assembly, who had all started off as members of the Rhodesian Front (later renamed the Republican Front), had split over their reaction to the ZANU (PF) government with more than half resigning their membership in March 1982 to become Independents who partially supported ZANU (PF). Eventually, in April 1985, the Independent Zimbabwe Group was formed in preparation for the election. Generally, whites in Harare and Bulawayo had little complaint about the conduct of government, having seen minimal change in their lifestyles.

There was therefore a genuine contest in the Zimbabwean white community between the Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe (the renamed Rhodesian Front), advocating strong defence of white interests, and the Independent Zimbabwe Group, advocating conciliation and partnership with ZANU (PF).

## Conduct

[edit]

There was violence and Ndebele–Shona ethnic animosities during the elections.[1]

## Results

[edit]

Party| Common roll| White roll| Total
seats

|
|
|

Votes| %| Seats| Votes| %| Seats
| ZANU–PF| 2,233,320| 77.19| 64| | 64
| PF–ZAPU| 558,771| 19.31| 15| 311| 0.91| 0| 15
| United African National Council| 64,764| 2.24| 0| | 0
| Zimbabwe African National Union| 36,054| 1.25| 1| | 1
| Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe| | 18,731| 55.02| 15| 15
| Independent Zimbabwe Group| | 13,513| 39.70| 4| 4
| National Democratic Union| 295| 0.01| 0| | 0
| National Front of Zimbabwe| 81| 0.00| 0| | 0
| Independents| | 1,486| 4.37| 1| 1
Total| 2,893,285| 100.00| 80| 34,041| 100.00| 20| 100
Valid votes| 2,893,285| 97.35| | 34,041| 95.21| |
Invalid/blank votes| 78,861| 2.65| | 1,712| 4.79| |
Total votes| 2,972,146| 100.00| | 35,753| 100.00| |
Source: African Elections Database

### By constituency

[edit]

#### Common roll

[edit]

Constituency  | Candidate  | Party  | Votes  | %

|
|
|
|

MANICALAND (11 seats)
BUHERA NORTH | Vundukai Kenneth Manyonda | ZANU (PF)  | 25,313  | 98.6
Stanford Chipfumbu  | PF-ZAPU  | 224  | 0.9
Benedict Tokoyo  | UANC  | 139  | 0.5
BUHERA SOUTH | Kumbirai Manyika Kangai | ZANU (PF)  | 34,397  | 98.4
Misheck Pfende Mutongoreya  | ZANU  | 376  | 1.1
John Chirinda  | PF-ZAPU  | 166  | 0.5
CHIMANIMANI | Simon Musutani Sithole | ZANU (PF)  | 34,733  | 76.7
Maziwanza Nason Tinarwo  | ZANU  | 9,742  | 21.5
Oscar Tashora Mandipaza  | PF-ZAPU  | 803  | 1.8
CHIPINGE | Goodson Guhu Mushakaanhu Sithole | ZANU  | 16,461  | 50.0
William Hlebeni Ndangana  | ZANU (PF)  | 15,625  | 47.5
Benjamin Sibiya  | PF-ZAPU  | 838  | 2.5
MAKONI EAST | Naomi Pasiharigutwi Nhiwatiwa | ZANU (PF)  | 51,772  | 96.7
Peter Gumindega Maenzanise  | UANC  | 1,084  | 2.0
Benjamin Zindoga  | PF-ZAPU  | 493  | 0.9
Amon Zwingowaniseyi  | ZANU  | 187  | 0.3
MAKONI WEST | Moven Enock Mahachi | ZANU (PF)  | 20,203  | 95.7
Langton Farisayi Charidza  | UANC  | 584  | 2.8
Muzadzi Tinarwo Tamwaramwa  | PF-ZAPU  | 196  | 0.9
Davidson Jahwi | ZANU  | 132  | 0.6
MUTARE EAST | Lazarus Gumisai Chauyachauya Nzarayebani | ZANU (PF)  | 33,868  | 94.6
Morgan Masiyamhuru  | UANC  | 1,094  | 3.1
Michael Tarisayi Ruswa  | PF-ZAPU  | 425  | 1.2
Mwabvira Arnold Sawana  | ZANU  | 407  | 1.1
MUTARE URBAN | Edgar Ziwinayi Tekere | ZANU (PF)  | 30,076  | 83.3
Kagoro Felix Kadzombe  | UANC  | 3,694  | 10.2
Ford Magada  | PF-ZAPU  | 1,178  | 3.3
David Mungunyana  | ZANU  | 1,150  | 3.2
MUTARE WEST | Moton Dizzy Paul Malianga | ZANU (PF)  | 28,551  | 96.4
Webster Chamuda Mufambi Zimunya  | UANC  | 784  | 2.6
Matthew Masiyakurima  | PF-ZAPU  | 143  | 0.5
David Musiyagamu Ngarize  | ZANU  | 136  | 0.5
MUTASA | Victoria Fikile Chitepo | ZANU (PF)  | 28,529  | 94.0
King Itai David Mutasa  | UANC  | 1,555  | 5.1
Misheck Tenia Samuel Chinamasa  | PF-ZAPU  | 273  | 0.9
NYANGA | Chimbidzayi Ezekiel Caleb Sanyangare | ZANU (PF)  | 34,223  | 96.9
Paraitanga Samson Chatsama  | PF-ZAPU  | 592  | 1.7
Noel Gabriel Mukono  | UANC  | 498  | 1.4
MASHONALAND CENTRAL (5 seats)
BINDURA/SHAMVA | Joice Teurai Ropa Nhongo | ZANU (PF)  | 42,822  | 98.3
Arthur Muchena  | PF-ZAPU  | 415  | 1.0
Ishmael Chemael Stephen Hajabu  | UANC  | 344  | 0.8
DARWIN | Musanhu George Peter Clever Wilfred Rutanhira | ZANU (PF)  | 23,022  | 98.5
Frank Rwanga  | PF-ZAPU  | 236  | 1.0
Timothy Mukwengwe Mufunga  | ZANU  | 110  | 0.5
GURUVE | Rackson Shasha Dizha Mucheki | ZANU (PF)  | 39,556  | 98.2
Msandaira Jairos Mufurusa  | UANC  | 453  | 1.1
Mudavanhu John Gatsi  | PF-ZAPU  | 273  | 0.7
MAZOWE | Chenhamo Chakezha Chimutengwende | ZANU (PF)  | 46,556  | 98.0
Henry Mhandu  | UANC  | 449  | 0.9
Jacob Machingauta Mhandu  | PF-ZAPU  | 380  | 0.8
Baldwin Murape Muchenje  | ZANU  | 101  | 0.2
RUSHINGA | Paddington Zvorwadza | ZANU (PF)  | 47,213  | 98.7
Naison Kakomwe  | UANC  | 368  | 0.8
Potenky Chikaka Takundwa  | PF-ZAPU  | 251  | 0.5
MASHONALAND EAST (18 seats)
CHINAMORA | Herbert Sylvester Masiyiwa Ushewokunze | ZANU (PF)  | 43,880  | 95.8
Kenneth George Bopoto-Ngwerume  | PF-ZAPU  | 1,105  | 2.4
Pendeka Stanlake Nyadudya  | UANC  | 799  | 1.7
CHITUNGWIZA | Witness Pasichigare Magunda Mangwende | ZANU (PF)  | 37,434  | 90.6
Claver Cliff Takawira Manhombo  | UANC  | 2,686  | 6.5
Oziah Muchuchu  | PF-ZAPU  | 888  | 2.1
Fakazani Nelson Mabvuu  | ZANU  | 247  | 0.6
Mark Muchabaiwa  | NDU  | 52  | 0.1
DZIVARASEKWA | Tapfumaneyi Maurice Nyagumbo | ZANU (PF)  | 44,277  | 89.2
Simon Tagarira Chauruka  | PF-ZAPU  | 2,670  | 5.4
Raymond Chikarara Nyaude Madzima  | UANC  | 2,594  | 5.2
Finlay Banda  | NDU  | 95  | 0.2
GLEN VIEW | Idah Mashonganyika | ZANU (PF)  | 31,506  | 88.5
Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa | UANC  | 2,876  | 8.1
Felix Magalela Mafa Sibanda | PF-ZAPU  | 838  | 2.4
Elton Zinduku Pamberi  | ZANU  | 400  | 1.1
GOROMONZI | Kenneth Bute | ZANU (PF)  | 28,873  | 96.7
Thomas Tapa  | UANC  | 569  | 1.9
Solomon Pfakacha Gundo Mabika  | PF-ZAPU  | 427  | 1.4
HARARE | Bernard Thomas Chidzero | ZANU (PF)  | 39,180  | 88.4
Nevison Chakaipa Mukanganga Nyashanu  | PF-ZAPU  | 2,625  | 5.9
Ferris Simon Tandari Mushonga  | UANC  | 2,172  | 4.9
Mabaudi Wiseman Zengeni  | ZANU  | 268  | 0.6
James Clever Mavunga Shereni  | NFZ  | 50  | 0.1
Abednigo Munyamana Gwavu  | NDU  | 39  | 0.1
HIGHFIELD | Robert Gabriel Mugabe | ZANU (PF)  | 33,548  | 84.2
William Chadzukwa Madziwa  | UANC  | 3,885  | 9.7
Ruth Lottie Nomondo Chinamano | PF-ZAPU  | 2,360  | 5.9
Peter Munyaradzi Mandaza  | NFZ  | 31  | 0.1
Xavier Chihota  | NDU  | 30  | 0.1
Enock Bonyongwe | ZANU | disq.  | \-
Manyame | Robert Mubayiwa Marere | ZANU (PF)  | 32,971  | 89.3
Zarous Takapera  | UANC  | 2,388  | 6.5
Takaruza Nyakudya  | PF-ZAPU  | 1,242  | 3.4
Alice Marange  | ZANU  | 301  | 0.8
MARONDERA | Sydney Tigere Sekeremayi | ZANU (PF)  | 30,822  | 96.6
Joseph Tawonerwi Charumbira  | UANC  | 679  | 2.1
Taderera Chimurenga Maingehama  | PF-ZAPU  | 414  | 1.3
MBARE | Edward Munatsireyi Pswarayi | ZANU (PF)  | 31,112  | 88.7
Robert Manuel Marowa  | UANC  | 2,765  | 7.9
Denga Haven Hunda  | PF-ZAPU  | 902  | 2.6
Idah Gaga Mazani  | ZANU  | 254  | 0.7
Rosten Gore  | NDU  | 37  | 0.1
MUDZI | Abraham Kabasa | ZANU (PF)  | 30,290  | 93.5
Justin Chibundu Gutuza  | UANC  | 1,726  | 5.3
Nicholas Mtero Mhlambi  | PF-ZAPU  | 267  | 0.8
Tennyson Tennis Shereni Magura  | ZANU  | 101  | 0.3
MUFAKOSE | John Zhakata | ZANU (PF)  | 36,875  | 85.1
Edward Stewart Mazaiwana  | UANC  | 4,136  | 9.5
Anthony Masawi  | PF-ZAPU  | 2,342  | 5.4
MUKUVUSI | Amos Bernard Muvengwa Midzi | ZANU (PF)  | 41,200  | 87.3
David Charles Zvinaiye Mukome  | UANC  | 3,587  | 7.6
Sottayi Tapfumaneyi Davidson Katsere  | PF-ZAPU  | 2,136  | 4.5
James Noah Chitungo  | ZANU  | 295  | 0.6
MUREWA NORTH | Rudo Shalom Peace Mungwashu | ZANU (PF)  | 43,175  | 99.0
Adah Murape  | PF-ZAPU  | 422  | 1.0
MUREWA SOUTH | Ishemunyoro Godi Karimanzira | ZANU (PF)  | 28,997  | 98.1
Mujuru Josiah Banhamombe  | UANC  | 350  | 1.2
Johannes Munuwepayi Mangwende  | PF-ZAPU  | 213  | 0.7
MUTOKO | Richard Baradza Sygnah Katsande | ZANU (PF)  | 23,995  | 98.4
Emmie Ncube  | UANC  | 271  | 1.1
Reginald Nyamadzaro Karumazondo  | PF-ZAPU  | 126  | 0.5
WEDZA | Joseph Muchineripi Jekanyika | ZANU (PF)  | 32,153  | 98.2
Beki Dickson Mandizvidza  | UANC  | 412  | 1.3
Muchabaiwa Dzvokora  | PF-ZAPU  | 189  | 0.6
ZENGEZA | John Madzinga | ZANU (PF)  | 37,240  | 92.5
Tonderayi Peter Chitengu  | UANC  | 1,894  | 4.7
Elkanah Ben Tjuma  | PF-ZAPU  | 969  | 2.4
Elias Nyandoro  | ZANU  | 136  | 0.3
Shepherd Gurupira  | NDU  | 42  | 0.1
MASHONALAND WEST (8 seats)
CHEGUTU EAST | Mudzingwa Noah Kadenhe | ZANU (PF)  | 41,459  | 95.7
Titus Garikayi Mukarati  | UANC  | 1,159  | 2.7
Loveless Madiye  | PF-ZAPU  | 718  | 1.7
CHEGUTU WEST | Enos Chamunorwa Chikowore | ZANU (PF)  | 28,153  | 91.1
Chinyauro Abraham  | PF-ZAPU  | 1,966  | 6.4
Abraham Chirwa  | UANC  | 796  | 2.6
KADOMA | Charles Ndhlovu | ZANU (PF)  | 20,746  | 95.1
Elijah Mketwa Moyo  | PF-ZAPU  | 675  | 3.1
Kashamadzo Maxwell Machingambi  | UANC  | 305  | 1.4
Tichataura James Mudzimba  | ZANU  | 82  | 0.4
KARIBA | Stone Chakabvapasi  | UANC  | Election postponed
due to the death of
Robson Dayford Manyika
Johnson Gumpo  | PF-ZAPU
Robson Dayford Manyika  | ZANU (PF)
KAROI | Edgar Mapiye Kwenda | ZANU (PF)  | 26,853  | 92.8
Joram Rwapedza Makaranga  | UANC  | 1,325  | 4.6
Erison Dendera  | PF-ZAPU  | 751  | 2.6
MAKONDE EAST | Sabina Gabriel Mugabe | ZANU (PF)  | 54,599  | 96.4
Kenneth Madzvanya Mano  | PF-ZAPU  | 1,395  | 2.5
Josiah Zinhanga Mudzengi  | UANC  | 660  | 1.2
MAKONDE NORTH | Swithun Tachiona Mombeshora | ZANU (PF)  | 22,473  | 92.3
Kimpton Masango  | PF-ZAPU  | 1,222  | 5.0
Isaac Gwanzura Shumba  | UANC  | 640  | 2.6
MAKONDE WEST | Nathan Marwirakuwa Shamuyarira | ZANU (PF)  | 43,920  | 93.7
Kiliyoni Songe Babuyile  | PF-ZAPU  | 1,718  | 3.7
Dube Willie Marumahoko  | UANC  | 988  | 2.1
Peter Mombeshora  | ZANU  | 252  | 0.5
MASVINGO (11 seats)
BIKITA | Gabriel Mharadze Machinga | ZANU (PF)  | 38,806  | 99.1
David Kufakunesu Chikukutu  | ZANU  | 203  | 0.5
John Mushava  | PF-ZAPU  | 144  | 0.4
CHIREDZI NORTH | Henry Hebert Pote | ZANU (PF)  | 42,287  | 97.5
Stephen Maseko  | PF-ZAPU  | 634  | 1.5
West Zimuto  | ZANU  | 436  | 1.0
CHIREDZI SOUTH | Titus Hatlani Maluleka | ZANU (PF)  | 33,778  | 91.1
Titos Risenga Chauke  | PF-ZAPU  | 2,711  | 7.3
Helani Aaron Jack Mapulange Hobwana  | ZANU  | 597  | 1.6
CHIVI | Josaya Dunira Hungwe | ZANU (PF)  | 22,208  | 99.5
Chinatsira Jonas Zvovurere  | PF-ZAPU  | 83  | 0.4
Edward Goko Watungwa  | ZANU  | 19  | 0.1
GUTU NORTH | Oliver Musa Munyaradzi | ZANU (PF)  | 30,957  | 99.8
Julia Vimbani  | PF-ZAPU  | 53  | 0.2
GUTU SOUTH | Shuvai Mahofa | ZANU (PF)  | 35,685  | 99.5
Jainos Kufakunesu Mutazu  | PF-ZAPU  | 175  | 0.5
MASVINGO NORTH | Dzingai Mutumbuka | ZANU (PF)  | 53,438  | 97.4
Aaron Betserai Honye  | PF-ZAPU  | 1,150  | 2.1
Leonard Mhangarai Ringisai Nyemba  | ZANU  | 283  | 0.5
MASVINGO SOUTH | Eddison Jonas Mudadirwa Zvobgo | ZANU (PF)  | 42,672  | 99.3
Jemitias Hungwe Matende  | PF-ZAPU  | 291  | 0.7
MWENEZI | Justin Murebwa Machava | ZANU (PF)  | 26,897  | 95.9
Simon Zinyoka Moyo  | PF-ZAPU  | 1,140  | 4.1
NDANGA EAST | Simbi Veke Mubako | ZANU (PF)  | 27,795  | 99.5
Hundson Negro Dope  | PF-ZAPU  | 130  | 0.5
NDANGA/ZIMUTO | Mayor Urimbo | ZANU (PF)  | 32,319  | 99.7
Peter Matumbike  | PF-ZAPU  | 105  | 0.3
MATABELELAND NORTH (9 seats)
BINGA | Francis Munkombwe | PF-ZAPU  | 38,879  | 90.5
Jacob Francis Mudenda  | ZANU (PF)  | 3,414  | 7.9
Josephat Mdzingwa  | UANC  | 660  | 1.5
BULAWAYO | Lot Sitshebo Senda | PF-ZAPU  | 26,710  | 63.8
Amina Huges  | ZANU (PF)  | 13,537  | 32.3
Gladys Tiriboyi  | UANC  | 1,387  | 3.3
Phineas Toreveti Murefu  | ZANU  | 253  | 0.6
HWANGE/TSHOLOTSHO | David Joseph Mfanyana Kwidini | PF-ZAPU  | 29,538  | 83.3
Obert Moses Mpofu  | ZANU (PF)  | 5,926  | 16.7
LUPANE | Micah Mahamba Bhebe | PF-ZAPU  | 30,523  | 97.4
Selina Maria West  | ZANU (PF)  | 825  | 2.6
MAGWEGWE | Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo | PF-ZAPU  | 32,141  | 81.8
Reuben Mutambarinwa Zemura  | ZANU (PF)  | 6,483  | 16.5
Morgan Kugaraunzwana Machiya  | UANC  | 682  | 1.7
MPOPOMA | Sydney Donald Malunga | PF-ZAPU  | 37,089  | 73.3
Josias Chirongo Chidyamakono  | ZANU (PF)  | 11,163  | 22.1
Walter Nqabeni Mthimkhulu  | UANC  | 2,068  | 4.1
Nason Tenene  | ZANU  | 256  | 0.5
NKAYI | Welshman Mabhena | PF-ZAPU  | 25,874  | 95.8
Samsom Msindo Ndebele  | ZANU (PF)  | 760  | 2.8
Solomon Tongani  | UANC  | 366  | 1.4
NYAMANDHLOVU | John Landa Nkomo | PF-ZAPU  | 36,098  | 85.8
Shadreck Fortrixon Ndlovu  | ZANU (PF)  | 4,679  | 11.1
Christopher Fumirai Mariga  | UANC  | 1,044  | 2.5
Enock Musiyandaka  | ZANU  | 234  | 0.6
PELANDABA | Joseph Wilfred Msika | PF-ZAPU  | 28,201  | 81.2
Amanda Ntuli  | ZANU (PF)  | 5,361  | 15.4
Kefas Isaac Muchenje  | UANC  | 991  | 2.9
Zachariah Tongai Chigumira  | ZANU  | 178  | 0.5
MATABELELAND SOUTH (6 members)
BEITBRIDGE | Kembo Mohadi | PF-ZAPU  | 13,680  | 56.6
John Masole Mbedgi  | ZANU (PF)  | 10,476  | 43.4
BULALIMA/MANGWE | Isaac Lentswi Nyathi | PF-ZAPU  | 31,334  | 96.4
Callistus Dingiswayo Ndlovu | ZANU (PF)  | 923  | 2.8
Egpher Muhlauri  | UANC  | 259  | 0.8
GWANDA | Edward Ndlovu | PF-ZAPU  | 21,798  | 92.8
Aleck Ndlovu  | ZANU (PF)  | 1,684  | 7.2
INSIZA | Naison Khutshwekhaya Kwidini | PF-ZAPU  | 27,804  | 89.1
Enos Muzombi Nkala  | ZANU (PF)  | 3,392  | 10.9
MATOBO | Stephen Jeqe Nyongolo Nkomo | PF-ZAPU  | 32,045  | 89.6
Jitile Gibbious Hindoga Dube  | ZANU (PF)  | 3,000  | 8.4
Abraham Mazwi Khumalo  | UANC  | 724  | 2.0
MZINGWANE | Thenjiwe Virginia Lesabe | PF-ZAPU  | 33,509  | 86.7
Joshua Maqwala Masilela  | ZANU (PF)  | 5,128  | 13.3
MIDLANDS (12 seats)
CHARTER EAST | Ernest Rusununguko Kadungure | ZANU (PF)  | 34,276  | 98.8
Edson Muzanenhamo Mutsinze  | UANC  | 271  | 0.8
Abednego Dan Njawaya  | PF-ZAPU  | 159  | 0.5
CHIRUMANZU | Frederick Musiiwa Makamure Shava | ZANU (PF)  | 29,197  | 98.3
Dzingirayi Munodawafa  | UANC  | 268  | 0.9
Samson Hlanga Mpanduki  | PF-ZAPU  | 252  | 0.8
GOKWE EAST | Byron Reuben Mtonhodzi Hove | ZANU (PF)  | 32,354  | 79.6
Mabasa Edward Chilimanzi  | PF-ZAPU  | 6,796  | 16.7
Edson Mzite  | UANC  | 1,485  | 3.7
GOKWE WEST | Jesiniahs Dick Makanganise | ZANU (PF)  | 32,354  | 79.6
Kesia Madzorera  | PF-ZAPU  | 6,796  | 16.7
Jackson John Manyoka  | UANC  | 1,485  | 3.7
GWERU DISTRICT | Ernest Simbarashe Tongogara | ZANU (PF)  | 21,293  | 58.2
William Henry Kona  | PF-ZAPU  | 14,194  | 38.8
Raphel Gondo  | UANC  | 902  | 2.5
Charles Rumhembe  | ZANU  | 181  | 0.5
GWERU URBAN | Simon Vengayi Muzenda | ZANU (PF)  | 25,532  | 80.8
Sophia Agamemnonos  | PF-ZAPU  | 5,708  | 18.1
Sylvester Bernard Kutesera Mutasa  | UANC  | 1,106  | 3.5
Mark Mfenei Mavhure  | ZANU  | 262  | 0.8
KWEKWE EAST | Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa | ZANU (PF)  | 37,017  | 86.0
Elias Hananda  | PF-ZAPU  | 4,733  | 11.0
Kenneth Kumbirayi Kaparepare  | UANC  | 1,313  | 3.0
KWEKWE WEST | Josiah Tavagwisa Chinyati | ZANU (PF)  | 18,600  | 50.6
Stephen Kenneth Sesulelo Vuma  | PF-ZAPU  | 17,257  | 46.9
Luckson Chando Mugara  | UANC  | 766  | 2.1
Samuel Maara  | ZANU  | 150  | 0.4
MBERENGWA NORTH | Richard Chemist Hove | ZANU (PF)  | 33,897  | 97.2
Solomon Mtinsi  | PF-ZAPU  | 868  | 2.5
Laimon Mukosi  | UANC  | 120  | 0.3
MBERENGWA SOUTH | Ben Ndiringe Mataga | ZANU (PF)  | 27,554  | 88.4
Norman Mabena  | PF-ZAPU  | 3,631  | 11.6
SHURUGWI | Simbarashe Simbanenduku Mumbegegwi | ZANU (PF)  | 26,242  | 97.5
Misheck Machonisa  | PF-ZAPU  | 490  | 1.8
Stanley Mupeti  | UANC  | 183  | 0.7
ZVISHAVANE | Julia Tukai Zvobgo | ZANU (PF)  | 26,152  | 91.8
Lydia Dhlamini  | UANC  | 2,111  | 7.4
Mzondiwa Dube  | PF-ZAPU  | 233  | 0.8

#### White roll

[edit]

Constituency  | Candidate  | Party  | Votes  | %

|
|
|
|

AVONDALE | John Alfred Landau | IZG  | 883  | 50.4
Terence Michael Oatt  | CAZ  | 870  | 49.6
BORROWDALE | Anthony Read | IZG  | 1,004  | 62.5
John Ronald Probert  | CAZ  | 603  | 37.5
BULAWAYO CENTRAL | Ian Douglas Smith | CAZ  | 1,441  | 72.4
Patrick Francis Shields  | IZG  | 548  | 27.6
BULAWAYO NORTH | Guybon Cumming | CAZ  | 1,330  | 72.1
Esmay Dorothy Scott  | IZG  | 515  | 27.9
BULAWAYO SOUTH | Graham Austen Biffen | CAZ  | 1,354  | 74.9
Dr Robert Graeme Nixon  | IZG  | 454  | 25.1
CENTRAL | Antonius Frans Berkhout | CAZ  | 1,111  | 76.6
Frank George Capon  | IZG  | 339  | 23.4
EASTERN | Desmond Butler | CAZ  | 1,107  | 61.9
David Gerald Meikle  | IZG  | 680  | 38.1
HATFIELD | Dennis Evan Johnson | CAZ  | 716  | 46.6
Richard Cartwright  | IZG  | 400  | 26.0
Herbert Joseph Thompson Foya  | Ind  | 337  | 21.9
John Warner Jarman  | Ind  | 84  | 5.5
Second count
Dennis Evan Johnson | CAZ  | 721  | 49.2
Richard Cartwright  | IZG  | 406  | 27.7
Herbert Joseph Thompson Foya  | Ind  | 339  | 23.1
John Warner Jarman  | Ind  | –  | –
Third count
Dennis Evan Johnson | CAZ  | 729  | 63.8
Richard Cartwright  | IZG  | 414  | 36.2
Herbert Joseph Thompson Foya  | Ind  | –  | –
John Warner Jarman  | Ind  | –  | –
HIGHLANDS | Charles William Duke | CAZ  | 913  | 49.5
Peter Arnold Naudé  | IZG  | 702  | 38.1
Danial Ronald Meyer  | Ind  | 228  | 12.4
Second count
Charles William Duke | CAZ  | 924  | 56.0
Peter Arnold Naudé  | IZG  | 727  | 44.0
Danial Ronald Meyer  | Ind  | –  | –
KADOMA-CHEGUTU | Gerald Christopher Smith | CAZ  | 849  | 50.1
George Alfred Pio  | IZG  | 847  | 49.9
KOPJE | Shaw Dyson | CAZ  | 753  | 56.7
Dennis Divaris  | IZG  | 574  | 43.3
MAKONI | John Maurice Kay | IZG  | 707  | 51.8
Shelagh Gertrude Van Reenen  | CAZ  | 658  | 48.2
MARLBOROUGH | William Michie Irvine | IZG  | 1,070  | 56.8
James Keith Borrows  | CAZ  | 813  | 43.2
MAZOWE-MUTOKO | Mark Henry Heathcote Partridge | CAZ  | 793  | 46.4
William Douglas Christopher Reed  | IZG  | 768  | 45.0
André Sothern Holland  | Ind  | 147  | 8.6
Second count
Mark Henry Heathcote Partridge | CAZ  | 796  | 50.2
William Douglas Christopher Reed  | IZG  | 789  | 49.8
André Sothern Holland  | Ind  | –  | –
MIDLANDS | Cyril Vernon Crofts Tapson | CAZ  | 814  | 54.5
Henry Swan Elsworth  | IZG  | 679  | 45.5
MOUNT PLEASANT | Jonas Christian Andersen | Ind  | 1,017  | 50.2
Pieter Kenyon Fleming-Voltelyn van der Byl | CAZ  | 544  | 26.8
Raymond Alexander Lindsay Grant  | IZG  | 466  | 23.0
NORTHERN | Bertram Ankers | CAZ  | 912  | 56.9
Esmond Meryl Micklem  | IZG  | 692  | 43.1
RUNDE | Johan Christiaan Adriaan Welman | CAZ  | 994  | 64.8
Peter John Field  | IZG  | 540  | 35.2
SOUTHERN | David Clive Mitchell | CAZ  | 1,130  | 66.4
Max Rosenfels  | IZG  | 573  | 33.6
WESTERN | Stephen Andrew Locke | CAZ  | 999  | 56.3
Robert Arnold Farley  | IZG  | 371  | 20.9
Lonley Lolley Seckel  | PF-ZAPU  | 311  | 17.5
Aaron Michael Milner  | Ind  | 61  | 3.4
Lawrence Alastair Bronson  | Ind  | 33  | 1.9

## Changes during the Assembly

[edit]

In the delayed poll in Kariba constituency, two candidates were nominated: Kenneth Madzvanya Mano (PF-ZAPU) and Enos Mzombi Nkala (ZANU (PF)). Nkala subsequently withdrew, although a poll was required (it took place on 5–7 July) and Mano was declared elected.

Charles Duke (CAZ, Highlands) joined ZANU (PF) in June 1986.

Ian Smith (CAZ, Bulawayo Central) was suspended from the Assembly for one year on 2 April 1987 over statements he had made in South Africa which were critical of the Mugabe government.

Three members elected from the white roll constituencies joined ZANU (PF) on 28 July 1987. They were John Landau (IZG, Avondale), Jock Kay (IZG, Makoni), and Tony Read (Ind, Borrowdale).

In September 1987, having achieved the support of 75% of the House of Assembly as required under the Lancaster House Agreement, the constitution was amended to abolish the white roll constituencies. Twenty further members (including many of the former white MPs who were supportive of ZANU (PF)) were co-opted onto the House of Assembly to replace them.

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b White roll

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Kwashirai, Vimbai Chaumba, ed. (2023), "Zanu PF and PF Zapu Violence: The 1985 General Elections", Election Violence in Zimbabwe: Human Rights, Politics and Power, Cambridge University Press, pp. 35–64, doi:10.1017/9781108120265.004, ISBN 978-1-107-19081-8

* Zimbabwe Government Gazette, 17 June 1985 (candidates)
* Zimbabwe Government Gazette, 12 July 1985 (elected members)
* Zimbabwe Herald (election results)
* Sunday Mail (election results)

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