1985 in spaceflight

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1985 in spaceflightNational firsts

Space traveller|  Mexico
Saudi Arabia
Rockets
Maiden flights| Space Shuttle Atlantis
M-3SII
Crewed flights
Orbital| 11
Total travellers| 63

* v
* t
* e

1985 in spaceflight

Timeline of spaceflight

<- 1984

1986 ->

The following is an outline of 1985 in spaceflight.

## Overview

[edit]

### First Atlantis flight

[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Space Shuttle Atlantis.[edit]

Atlantis in orbit in 2010, during STS-132 Space Shuttle Atlantis (Orbiter Vehicle designation: OV‑104) is a retired Space Shuttle orbiter vehicle which belongs to NASA, the spaceflight and space exploration agency of the United States.[1] Atlantis was manufactured by the Rockwell International company in Southern California and was delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in Eastern Florida in April 1985. Atlantis is also the fourth operational and the second-to-last Space Shuttle built.[2][3] Its maiden flight was STS-51-J made from October 3 to 7, 1985.

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Timeline of spaceflight

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* Future

## Orbital launches

[edit]

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
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* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

Date and time (UTC)  | Rocket | Flight number  | Launch site | LSP

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| Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)  | Operator  | Orbit | Function  | Decay (UTC)  | Outcome
Remarks

### January

[edit]

7 January
19:26  |  M-3SII / KM-P  | M-3SII-1  |  Kagoshima LP-M  |  ISAS
Sakigake (MS-T5)  | ISAS | Heliocentric | 1P/Halley comet flyby | 8 January 1999 | Successful
Maiden flight of M-3SII. First Japanese deep space probe.
9 January
10:45  |  Soyuz U |  |  Baikonur Site 31/6 |
Kosmos 1616 (Yantar-4K2 №12/Kobalt №12)  | GRU  | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational
15 January
14:50  |  Tsyklon-3 |  |  Plesetsk Site 32/1 |
Kosmos 1617 (Strela-3 №1)  | VKS  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
Kosmos 1618 (Strela-3 №2)  | VKS  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
Kosmos 1619 (Strela-3 №3)  | VKS  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
Kosmos 1620 (Strela-3 №4)  | VKS  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
Kosmos 1621 (Strela-3 №5)  | VKS  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
Kosmos 1622 (Strela-3 №6)  | VKS  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
16 January |  Molniya-M / Blok-ML  |  |  Plesetsk Site 43/4 |
Molniya-3 36L |  | Molniya | Communications | In orbit | Operational
16 January |  Soyuz U  |  |  Baikonur Site 1/5 |
Kosmos 1623 (Zenit-8 №10/Oblik №10)  | GRU  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational
17 January |  Kosmos-3M |  |  Plesetsk Site 132/1 |
Kosmos 1624 (Strela-2M №36)  |  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
18 January |  Proton-K / Blok-DM |  |  Baikonur Site 200/39 |
Gorizont 11 (Gorizont 21L)  |  | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational
23 January |  Tsyklon-2 |  |  Baikonur LC-90  |
Kosmos 1625 (US-P №20)  |  | Low Earth  |  | In orbit | Operational
24 January |  Tsyklon-3  |  |  Plesetsk Site 32/2 |
Kosmos 1626 (Tselina-D №47)  |  | Low Earth  | SIGINT | In orbit | Operational
24 January
19:50  |  Space Shuttle Discovery / IUS |  |  Kennedy LC-39A |  United Space Alliance
STS-51-C | NASA | Low Earth  | Satellite deployment | 27 January
21:23 | Successful
Orion 1 (USA-8/Magnum 1)  | NRO | Geosynchronous  | ELINT | In orbit | Successful
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
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* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

### February

[edit]

1 February
19:36  |  Kosmos-3M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 132/2 |
Kosmos 1627 (Parus №48)  |  | Low Earth  | Navigation | In orbit | Operational
6 February |  Soyuz U  |  |  Plesetsk Site 41/1 |
Kosmos 1628 (Zenit-8 №11/Oblik №11)  | GRU  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational
6 February |  Tsyklon-3  |  |  Plesetsk Site 32/1  |
Meteor-2 12 |  | Low Earth  | Meteorology | In orbit | Operational
8 February
06:10  |  Titan 34B / Agena-D  |  |  Vandenberg SLC-4W |
Quasar 6 (SDS 6/USA-9)  | NRO  | Molniya  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
8 February
23:22  |  Ariane 3 |  |  Kourou ELA-1 |  Arianespace
Arabsat-1A | Arabsat | Geosynchronous  | Communications | March 1992 | Successful
Brasilsat-A1 | Embratel | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
Arabsat 1A failed in March 1992
21 February |  Proton-K Blok-DM  |  |  Baikonur Site 200/39  |
Kosmos 1629 (US-KS №3)  |  | Geosynchronous  | Early warning | In orbit | Operational
27 February |  Soyuz U  |  |  Baikonur Site 31/6  |
Kosmos 1630 (Yantar-4K2 №13/Kobalt №13)  | GRU  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational
27 February |  Kosmos-3M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 132/1  |
Kosmos 1631 (Taifun-1 №18/Vektor №18)  |  | Low Earth  | Radar Calibration | In orbit | Operational

* ← Jan
* Feb
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* Sep
* Oct
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* Dec →

### March

[edit]

1 March |  Soyuz U  |  |  Plesetsk Site 41/1  |
Kosmos 1632 (Zenit-8 №12/Oblik №12)  | GRU  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational
5 March |  Tsyklon-3  |  |  Plesetsk Site 32/2  |
Kosmos 1633 (Tselina-D №48)  |  | Low Earth  | SIGINT | In orbit | Operational
13 March
02:00  |  Atlas E / OIS |  |  Vandenberg SLC-3W |
Geosat | US Navy  | Sun-synchronous | Earth observation | In orbit | Successful
Mission ended in January 1990
14 March |  Kosmos-3M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 132/2  |
Kosmos 1634 (Parus №49)  |  | Low Earth  | Navigation | In orbit | Operational
21 March |  Kosmos-3M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 132/2  |
Kosmos 1635 (Strela-1M №289)  |  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
Kosmos 1636 (Strela-1M №290)  |  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
Kosmos 1637 (Strela-1M №291)  |  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
Kosmos 1638 (Strela-1M №292)  |  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
Kosmos 1639 (Strela-1M №293)  |  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
Kosmos 1640 (Strela-1M №294)  |  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
Kosmos 1641 (Strela-1M №295)  |  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
Kosmos 1642 (Strela-1M №296)  |  | Low Earth  | Military communications | In orbit | Operational
22 March |  Proton-K Blok-DM  |  |  Baikonur Site 200/40 |
Ekran 14 (Ekran 28L)  | NPO PM  | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Operational
22 March
23:55:00  |  Atlas G / Centaur-D1AR  | AC-63  |  Cape Canaveral LC-36B |
Intelsat VA F-10 (Intelsat 510)  | Intelsat | Geosynchronous  | Communications | July 1999 | Successful
25 March |  Soyuz U  |  |  Baikonur Site 1/5  |
Kosmos 1643 (Yantar-4KS1 №3/Terilen №3)  | GRU  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational

* ← Jan
* Feb
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* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

### April

[edit]

3 April |  Soyuz U  |  |  Baikonur Site 31/6  |
Kosmos 1644 (Zenit-8 №13/Oblik №13)  | GRU  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational
12 April
13:59  |  Space Shuttle Discovery / PAM-D  |  |  Kennedy LC-39A  |  United Space Alliance
STS-51-D | NASA  | Low Earth  | Satellite deployment | 19 April
13:54 | Successful
Anik C1 | Telesat Canada | Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
Leasat 3 (Syncom-4 3)  | US Navy | Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space (Senator Jake Garn).
Anik C1 was retired on 5 May 2003.
Leasat 3 failed to maneuver to geosynchronous orbit and was re-captured by mission STS-51-I in August, repaired and subsequently maneuvered to geosynchronous orbit.
Discovery suffered extensive brake and tyre damage upon landing at Kennedy Space Center.
13 April |  Zenit-2 |  |  Baikonur Site 45 |
Kosmos (1645) (EPN 03.0694 №1)  |  | Low Earth  | Vehicle Evaluation | In orbit | Failure
16 April |  Soyuz U  |  |  Plesetsk Site 41/1  |
Kosmos 1645 (Foton №1)  |  | Low Earth  | Microgravity | In orbit | Operational
18 April |  Tsyklon-2  |  |  Baikonur Site 90  |
Kosmos 1646 (US-P №21)  | GRU  | Low Earth  |  | In orbit | Operational
19 April |  Soyuz U  |  |  Plesetsk Site 41/1  |
Kosmos 1647 (Yantar-4K2 №14/Kobalt №14)  | GRU  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational
25 April |  Soyuz U  |  |  Plesetsk Site 43/4  |
Kosmos 1648 (Zenit-8 №14/Oblik №14)  | GRU  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational
26 April |  Molniya-M / Blok-SO-L  |  |  Baikonur Site 31/6  |
Interkosmos 23 (Prognoz №10)  | NPO Lavochkin  | Molniya  | Magnetosphere research | In orbit | Operational
29 April
16:02  |  Space Shuttle  Challenger |  |  Kennedy LC-39A  | United Space Alliance
STS-51-B | NASA  | Low Earth  | Microgravity research | 6 May
16:11 | Successful
Spacelab Long Module 1 | NASA/ESRO | Low Earth (Challenger)  | Microgravity research | Successful
GLOMAR |  | Intended: Low Earth  | Getaway Special | Deployment failure
NUSAT |  | Low Earth  | Getaway Special | 15 December | Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts; GLOMAR failed to deploy from its GAS canister

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
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* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

### May

[edit]

8 May
01:15  | Ariane 3  |  | Kourou ELA  | Arianespace
GStar 1 | GTE Spacenet | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
Telecom 1B | France Télécom | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

### June

[edit]

6 June
06:39  | Soyuz-U2 |  | Baikonur Site 1/5 |
Soyuz T-13 |  | Low Earth (Salyut 7)  | Salyut 7 EO-4 | 26 September
09:51 | Successful
Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts
17 June
11:33  | Space Shuttle Discovery |  | Kennedy LC-39A  | United Space Alliance
STS-51-G | NASA  | Low Earth  | Satellite deployment | 24 June
13:11 | Successful
Morelos 1 | Morelos | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
Arabsat-1B | Arabsat  | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
Telstar 303 | AT&T | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
Spartan 101 | NASA  | Low Earth  | Astronomy | 24 June
13:11 | Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Saudi Arabian space traveller and member of royalty to fly in space (Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud)
Arabsat 1B retired in 1993.
21 June
00:39  | Soyuz-U |  | Baikonur Site 1/5  |
Progress 24 |  | Low Earth (Salyut 7)  | Logistics | 15 July
22:33 | Successful
30 June
00:44  | Atlas G  |  | Cape Canaveral LC-36B  |
Intelsat 511 | Intelsat  | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

### July

[edit]

2 July
11:23  | Ariane 1 |  | Kourou ELA  | Arianespace
Giotto | ESA | Heliocentric | Flyby of Halley's Comet | In orbit | Successful
Closest approach of Halley's Comet (596 kilometres (370 mi)) achieved on 13 March 1986
Closest approach of 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup (200 kilometres (120 mi)) achieved on 10 July 1992
19 July
13:05  | Soyuz-U  |  | Baikonur Site 1/5  |
Kosmos 1669 (Progress)  |  | Low Earth (Salyut 7)  | Logistics | 30 August
01:20 | Successful
29 July
21:00  | Space Shuttle Challenger |  | Kennedy LC-39A  | United Space Alliance
STS-51-F | NASA  | Low Earth  | Astronomical experiments | 6 August
19:45 | Successful
PDP | NASA  | Low Earth  | Plasma research | Successful
Spacelab 2 (three pallets)  | NASA/ESRO  | Low Earth (Challenger)  | Astronomy | Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts; A main engine shut-down during ascent caused an Abort to Orbit, the first (and only) abort of the Space Shuttle program.

* ← Jan
* Feb
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* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

### August

[edit]

27 August
10:58  | Space Shuttle Discovery |  | Kennedy LC-39A  | United Space Alliance
STS-51-I | NASA  | Low Earth  | Satellite deployment and repair | 3 September
13:15 | Successful
Aussat 1 | Aussat Pty Ltd | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
ASC-1 | ASC | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
Leasat 4 | US Navy  | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Spacecraft failure
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts
Leasat 4 failed in orbit after becoming operational for a short period
Retrieved Leasat 3, deployed by STS-51-D in April and repaired the malfunctioning perigee motor to allow the satellite to reach geosynchronous orbit.
28 August
21:20  | Titan 34D |  | Vandenberg SLC-4E |
KH-11-7 | NRO | Intended: Sun-synchronous  | Reconnaissance | 28 August | Launch Failure
First stage propellant feed malfunction

* ← Jan
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* Nov
* Dec →

### September

[edit]

12 September
23:26  | Ariane 3  |  | Kourou ELA  | Arianespace
Eutelsat 1F3 | Eutelsat | Intended: Geosynchronous  | Communications | 12 September | Launch Failure
Spacenet F3 | Spacenet | Intended: Geosynchronous  | Communications
Third stage failed to ignite
17 September
12:38  | Soyuz-U2  |  | Baikonur Site 1/5  |
Soyuz T-14 |  | Low Earth (Salyut 7)  | Salyut 7 EP-5 | 21 November
10:31 | Successful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts
27 September
08:41  | Proton-K |  | Baikonur Site 200/39 |
Kosmos 1686 (TKS)  |  | Low Earth (Salyut 7)  | Logistics | 7 February 1991 | Successful
TKS-4; remained docked with Salyut 7 through that station's re-entry
28 September
23:17  | Atlas G  |  | Cape Canaveral LC-36B  |
Intelsat 512 | Intelsat  | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

### October

[edit]

3 October
15:15  | Space Shuttle  Atlantis |  | Kennedy LC-39A  | United Space Alliance
STS-51-J | NASA  | Low Earth  | Satellite deployment | 7 October
17:00 | Successful
USA-11 (DSCS-III)  | US Air Force  | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
USA-12 (DSCS-III)  | US Air Force  | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; Maiden flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis
9 October
02:53  | Atlas E/SGS-2 |  | Vandenberg SLC-3W  |
USA-10 (GPS-11)  | US Air Force  | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful
30 October
17:00  | Space Shuttle Challenger |  | Kennedy LC-39A  | United Space Alliance
STS-61-A | NASA  | Low Earth  | Microgravity research | 6 November
17:44 | Successful
Spacelab Long Module 2 | NASA  | Low Earth (Challenger)  | Spacelab D1 | Successful
GLOMAR | DLR | Low Earth  | Getaway Special | 26 December 1986 | Successful
Crewed orbital flight with eight astronauts
Maiden flight of Spacelab Long Module #2

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

### November

[edit]

27 November
00:29  | Space Shuttle Atlantis |  | Kennedy LC-39A  | United Space Alliance
STS-61-B | NASA  | Low Earth  | Satellite deployment | 2 December
21:33 | Successful
Morelos 2 | Morelos  | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
Aussat A2 | Aussat Pty Ltd  | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
Satcom K2 | RCA Americom | Geosynchronous  | Communications | In orbit | Successful
OEX Target | NASA  | Low Earth  |  | 2 March 1987 | Successful
EASE/ACCESS | NASA  | Low Earth (Atlantis)  | Structure assembly experiment | 2 December
21:33 | Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Mexican space traveller.

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

### December

[edit]

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

## Suborbital launches

[edit]

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

Date and time (UTC)  | Rocket | Flight number  | Launch site | LSP

|
|
|
|

| Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)  | Operator  | Orbit | Function  | Decay (UTC)  | Outcome
Remarks

### September

[edit]

13 September | ASM-135 ASAT |  | Celestial Eagle, Vandenberg  | US Air Force
| US Air Force  | Suborbital  | Anti-satellite weapon | 13 September | Successful
Successful intercept and destruction of Solwind P78-1.

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

## Deep Space Rendezvous

[edit]

Date (GMT)  | Spacecraft  | Event  | Remarks

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|
|

11 June | Vega 1 | delivered lander and balloon on Venus |
15 June | Vega 2 | delivered lander and balloon on Venus |
11 September | ISEE-3/ICE | Flyby of 21P/Giacobini-Zinner |

## EVAs

[edit]

Start Date/Time  | Duration  | End Time  | Spacecraft  | Crew  | Remarks

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|

16 April  | 3 hours
6 minutes  |  | STS-51-D
Discovery | Jeffrey A. Hoffman
S. David Griggs | Installed an improvised switch-pulling tool, called the Flyswatter, on the RMS robotic arm. The Flyswatter was used in an effort to push the sequencer start lever on the Leasat-3 in the proper position for deployment.[4] This attempted repair was the first unplanned spacewalk in NASA history.[5]
2 August
07:15  | 5 hours  | 12:15  | Salyut 7 EO-4 | Vladimir Dzhanibekov
Viktor Savinykh | Installed a third pair of solar arrays on exterior of Salyut 7.
31 August  | 7 hours
20 minutes |  | STS-51-I
Discovery | William Fisher
James van Hoften | Van Hoften rode the RMS to capture the Leasat 3 satellite and pulled it into payload bay. Fisher and Van Hoften secured and started repairs on the satellite in the payload bay. The retrieval was complicated by a malfunction of the RMS that made operation of the arm more complicated.[6]
1 September  | 4 hours
26 minutes  |  | STS-51-I
Discovery | William Fisher
James van Hoften  | Completed repairs on the Leasat 3 satellite. Then Van Hoften, riding the RMS, heaved the satellite out of the payload bay, imparting the required spin needed to fire the perigee motor.[6]
29 November  | 5 hours
32 minutes  |  | STS-61-B
Atlantis | Jerry L. Ross
Sherwood C. Spring | Practiced construction techniques in the payload bay and assembled and disassembled the two experimental EASE/ACCESS structures.[7]
1 December  | 6 hours
41 minutes  |  | STS-61-B
Atlantis | Jerry L. Ross
Sherwood C. Spring  | Conducted supplementary experiments on the EASE and ACCESS structures, including a test of the RMS to aid in the construction experiments.[7]

## References

[edit]

* Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
* Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
* Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link‍]
* Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
* Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
* McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
* Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
* Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
* Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
* Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
* "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
* "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
* "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link‍]
* "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link‍]
* "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).

Generic references:

* view
* talk
* edit

Spaceflight portal

### Footnotes

[edit]

1. ^ "Space Shuttle Overview: Atlantis (OV-104)". NASA. 2007. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2007. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
2. ^ Justin Ray (11 May 2010). "Respecting Atlantis as the shuttle faces retirement". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
3. ^ Peter W. Merlin (20 May 2010). "Space Shuttle Atlantis Wraps Up 25-year Career". NASA. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2010. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
4. ^ "Space Shuttle Mission Archives". NASA. 2007. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
5. ^ Becker, Joachim; Janssen, Heinz Hermann (2009). "Human Spaceflights - STS-51D". Space Facts. Archived from the original on 29 July 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
6. ^ a b "Space Shuttle Flight 20 (STS-51A)". Space Shuttle Video Library. National Space Society. July 2008. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
7. ^ a b Rumerman, Judith; Gamble, Chris; Okolski, Gabriel (2007). "Human Spaceflight" (PDF). NASA History Division. p. 45\. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2009.

* v
* t
* e

Timeline of spaceflight

* Spaceflight before 1951

1950s|

* 1950
* 1951
* 1952
* 1953
* 1954
* 1955
* 1956
* 1957
* 1958
* 1959

1960s|

* 1960
* 1961
* 1962
* 1963
* 1964
* 1965
* 1966
* 1967
* 1968
* 1969

1970s|

* 1970
* 1971
* 1972
* 1973
* 1974
* 1975
* 1976
* 1977
* 1978
* 1979

1980s|

* 1980
* 1981
* 1982
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1989

1990s|

* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999

2000s|

* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009

2010s|

* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019

2020s|

* 2020
* 2021 (H1, H2)
* 2022 (H1, H2)
* 2023 (H1, H2)
* 2024 (H1, H2)
* 2025 (H1, H2)
* 2026
* 2027
* 2028
* 2029

* Future

* v
* t
* e

← 1984

Orbital launches in 1985

1986 →

January|

* STS-51-C (USA-8)

February|

* USA-9
* Arabsat-1A
* Brasilsat A1

March|

* Geosat
* Intelsat VA F-10

April|

* STS-51-D (Anik C1, Leasat 3)
* STS-51-B (Nusat)

May|

* GStar-1
* Telecom 1B

June|

* Soyuz T-13
* STS-51-G (Morelos 1, Arabsat-1B, Telstar 3D, SPARTAN-101)
* Progress 24
* Intelsat VA F-11

July|

* Giotto
* Kosmos 1669
* STS-51-F (PDP)

August|

* STS-51-I (Aussat A1, ASC-1, Leasat 4)

September|

* Spacenet 3
* Soyuz T-14
* Kosmos 1686
* Intelsat VA F-12

October|

* STS-51-J (USA-11, USA-12)
* USA-10
* STS-61-A (GLOMR)

November|

* STS-61-B (Morelos 2, Aussat A2, Satcom K2, OEX, EASE/ACCESS)

Unknown
month|

* Sakigake
* Kosmos 1616
* Kosmos 1617
* Kosmos 1618
* Kosmos 1619
* Kosmos 1620
* Kosmos 1621
* Kosmos 1622
* Molniya-3 No.36
* Kosmos 1623
* Kosmos 1624
* Gorizont No.21L
* Kosmos 1625
* Kosmos 1626
* Kosmos 1627
* Kosmos 1628
* Meteor-2 No.13
* Kosmos 1629
* Kosmos 1630
* Kosmos 1631
* Kosmos 1632
* Kosmos 1633
* Kosmos 1634
* Kosmos 1635
* Kosmos 1636
* Kosmos 1637
* Kosmos 1638
* Kosmos 1639
* Kosmos 1640
* Kosmos 1641
* Kosmos 1642
* Ekran No.28L
* Kosmos 1643
* Kosmos 1644
* Unnamed
* Kosmos 1645
* Kosmos 1646
* Kosmos 1647
* Kosmos 1648
* Prognoz 10
* Kosmos 1649
* Kosmos 1650
* Kosmos 1651
* Kosmos 1652
* Kosmos 1653
* Kosmos 1654
* Molniya-3 No.39
* Kosmos 1655
* Kosmos 1656
* Kosmos 1657
* Kosmos 1658
* Kosmos 1659
* Kosmos 1660
* Kosmos 1661
* Kosmos 1662
* Kosmos 1663
* Unnamed
* Kosmos 1664
* Kosmos 1665
* Kosmos 1666
* Kosmos 1667
* Kosmos 1668
* Molniya-3 No.37
* Kosmos 1670
* Kosmos 1671
* Transit-O 24
* Transit-O 30
* Kosmos 1672
* Kosmos 1672
* Kosmos 1673
* Kosmos 1674
* Gran' No.26L
* Kosmos 1675
* Kosmos 1676
* Suisei
* Molniya-1 No.61
* Kosmos 1677
* Unnamed
* Kosmos 1678
* Kosmos 1679
* Kosmos 1680
* Kosmos 1681
* ECS-3
* Kosmos 1682
* Kosmos 1683
* Kosmos 1684
* Kosmos 1685
* Kosmos 1687
* Kosmos 1688
* Kosmos 1689
* Molniya-3 No.38
* Kosmos 1690
* Kosmos 1695
* Kosmos 1692
* Kosmos 1693
* Kosmos 1694
* Kosmos 1691
* Kosmos 1696
* Fanhui Shi Weixing 8
* Kosmos 1697
* Kosmos 1698
* Molniya-1 No.73
* Unnamed
* Meteor-3 No.2
* Kosmos 1699
* Kosmos 1700
* Molniya-1 No.56
* Kosmos 1701
* Kosmos 1702
* Gran' No.28L
* Kosmos 1703
* Kosmos 1704
* Kosmos 1705
* Kosmos 1706
* Kosmos 1707
* USA-13
* USA-14
* Kosmos 1708
* Kosmos 1709
* Molniya-3 No.40
* Kosmos 1710
* Kosmos 1711
* Kosmos 1712
* Meteor-2 No.14
* Kosmos 1713
* Kosmos 1714

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in underline. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
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