1990 United States Senate elections

* * *

| ← 1988 | November 6, 1990 | 1992 →

|
|

← 1984

1996 →

* * *

35 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate
51 seats needed for a majority
|   | Majority party  | Minority party

|
|

|  |
Leader  | George Mitchell | Bob Dole
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Leader since  | January 3, 1989  | January 3, 1985
Leader's seat  | Maine | Kansas
Seats before  | 55 | 45
Seats after  | 56 | 44
Seat change  |  1  |  1
Popular vote  | 17,907,544[a] | 16,494,624[a]
Percentage  | 51.1% | 47.1%
Seats up  | 17  | 18
Races won  | 18 | 17

* * *

Results of the elections:
Democratic gain      Democratic hold
Republican hold
No election

* * *

| Majority Leader before election

George Mitchell
Democratic

| Elected Majority Leader

George Mitchell
Democratic

|

The 1990 United States Senate elections were held on Tuesday, November 6, 1990, with the 33 seats of Class 2 contested in regular elections. Special elections were also held to fill vacancies. The Democratic Party increased its majority with a net gain of one seat from the Republican Party. The election cycle took place in the middle of President George H. W. Bush's term, and as with most other midterm elections, the party not holding the presidency gained seats in Congress. This was the first time since 1980 that any party successfully defended all their own seats, and the first time Democrats did so since 1958.

These elections, along with 2022, featured the smallest seat change in history since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, with only one seat changing parties. This election featured Democrat Paul Wellstone defeating incumbent Republican Rudy Boschwitz in Minnesota. To date, this is the last cycle in which Democratic candidates won U.S. Senate elections in Oklahoma and Tennessee.

## Background

[edit]

The election was held as part of the midterm election cycle of Republican President George H. W. Bush's term.[2] Historically, the President's party struggles during the midterms.[3]

## Results summary

[edit]

↓  56 | 44

|

Democratic  | Republican
Parties  |  |  |  |  |  | Total

|
|
|
|
|
|

Democratic | Republican | Libertarian | Independent | Other
Last elections (1988)
Before these elections  | 55  | 45  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 100
Not up  | 38  | 27  | —  | —  | —  | 65
Up  | 17  | 18  | —  | —  | —  | 35
Class 2 (1984→1990) | 16  | 17  | —  | —  | —  | 33
Special: Class 1 | 1  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 1
Special: Class 3 | —  | 1  | —  | —  | —  | 1
Incumbent retired  | 0  | 3  | —  | —  | —  | 3
Held by same party | 0  | 3  | —  | —  | —  | 3
Replaced by other party | 0  | 0  | —  | —  | —  | 0
Result  | 0  | 3  | —  | —  | —  | 3
Incumbent ran  | 17  | 15  | —  | —  | —  | 32
Won election | 17  | 14  | —  | —  | —  | 31
Lost re-election | 1 Republican replaced by 1 Democrat  | —  | —  | —  | 1
Lost renomination,
but held by same party | 0  | 0  | —  | —  | —  | 0
Result  | 18  | 14  | —  | —  | —  | 32
Total elected  | 18  | 17  | —  | —  | —  | 35
Net gain/loss  | 1  | 1  |  |  |  | 1
Nationwide vote[a] | 17,907,544  | 16,494,624  | 142,003  | 222,534  | 260,665  | 35,027,370
Share  | 51.12%  | 47.09%  | 0.41%  | 0.64%  | 0.74%  | 100%
Result  | 56  | 44  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 100

Source: Clerk of the United States House of Representatives[1]

## Gains, losses, and holds

[edit]

### Retirements

[edit]

Three Republicans retired instead of seeking re-election.

State  | Senator  | Replaced by

|
|

Colorado | William L. Armstrong | Hank Brown
Idaho | James A. McClure | Larry Craig
New Hampshire | Gordon J. Humphrey | Bob Smith

### Defeats

[edit]

Despite candidates being in danger of losing their reelection bid, Minnesota Senator Rudy Boschwitz was the only incumbent who ran for re-election to be defeated.[4][5]

State  | Senator  | Replaced by  | Ref

|
|
|

Minnesota | Rudy Boschwitz | Paul Wellstone | [4]

## Change in composition

[edit]

D# | Democratic

|

R# | Republican

### Before the elections

[edit]

D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11
D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29 | D30
D40
Ark.
Ran | D39
Ala.
Ran | D38 | D37 | D36 | D35 | D34 | D33 | D32 | D31
D41
Del.
Ran | D42
Ga.
Ran | D43
Hawaii (sp)
Ran | D44
Ill.
Ran | D45
Iowa
Ran | D46
La.
Ran | D47
Mass.
Ran | D48
Mich.
Ran | D49
Mont.
Ran | D50
Neb.
Ran
Majority → | D51
N.J.
Ran
R41
S.C.
Ran | R42
S.D.
Ran | R43
Texas
Ran | R44
Va.
Ran | R45
Wyo.
Ran | D55
W.Va.
Ran | D54
Tenn.
Ran | D53
R.I.
Ran | D52
Okla.
Ran
R40
Ore.
Ran | R39
N.C.
Ran | R38
N.M.
Ran | R37
N.H.
Retired | R36
Miss.
Ran | R35
Minn.
Ran | R34
Me.
Ran | R33
Ky.
Ran | R32
Kan.
Ran | R31
Ind. (sp)
Ran
R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28
Alaska
Ran | R29
Colo.
Retired | R30
Idaho
Retired
R20 | R19 | R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10

### Result of the elections

[edit]

D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11
D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29 | D30
D40
Ark.
Re-elected | D39
Ala.
Re-elected | D38 | D37 | D36 | D35 | D34 | D33 | D32 | D31
D41
Del.
Re-elected | D42
Ga.
Re-elected | D43
Hawaii (sp)
Elected[b] | D44
Ill.
Re-elected | D45
Iowa
Re-elected | D46
La.
Re-elected | D47
Mass.
Re-elected | D48
Mich.
Re-elected | D49
Mont.
Re-elected | D50
Neb.
Re-elected
Majority → | D51
N.J.
Re-elected
R41
S.D.
Re-elected | R42
Texas
Re-elected | R43
Va.
Re-elected | R44
Wyo.
Re-elected | D56
Minn.
Gain | D55
W.Va.
Re-elected | D54
Tenn.
Re-elected | D53
R.I.
Re-elected | D52
Okla.
Re-elected
R40
S.C.
Re-elected | R39
Ore.
Re-elected | R38
N.C.
Re-elected | R37
N.M.
Re-elected | R36
N.H.
Hold | R35
Miss.
Re-elected | R34
Me.
Re-elected | R33
Ky.
Re-elected | R32
Kan.
Re-elected | R31
Ind. (sp)
Elected[b]
R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28
Alaska
Re-elected | R29
Colo.
Hold | R30
Idaho
Hold
R20 | R19 | R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10

## Complete list of races

[edit]

### Special elections

[edit]

In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1990.

Elections are sorted by date, then state and class.

State  | Incumbent  | Result  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral history
Hawaii
(Class 1)  | Daniel Akaka | Democratic  | 1990 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected November 6, 1990.  |

* ▌Y Daniel Akaka (Democratic) 54.0%
* ▌Pat Saiki (Republican) 44.6%
* ▌Ken Schoolland (Libertarian) 1.4%

Indiana
(Class 3)  | Dan Coats | Republican  | 1989 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected November 6, 1990.  |

* ▌Y Dan Coats (Republican) 53.7%
* ▌Baron Hill (Democratic) 46.3%

### Elections leading to the next Congress

[edit]

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1991; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State  | Incumbent  | Result  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral history
Alabama | Howell Heflin | Democratic  | 1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Howell Heflin (Democratic) 60.7%
* ▌William J. Cabaniss (Republican) 39.3%

Alaska | Ted Stevens | Republican  | 1968 (appointed)
1970
1972
1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Ted Stevens (Republican) 67.2%
* ▌Michael Beasley (Democratic) 32.8%

Arkansas | David Pryor | Democratic  | 1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y David Pryor (Democratic)
* Unopposed

Colorado | William L. Armstrong | Republican  | 1978
1984 | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Hank Brown (Republican) 55.7%
* ▌Josie Heath (Democratic) 41.6%

Others

* ▌John Heckman (Concerns of People) 1.5%
* ▌Earl Dodge (Prohibition) 1.2%

Delaware | Joe Biden | Democratic  | 1972
1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Joe Biden (Democratic) 62.7%
* ▌M. Jane Brady (Republican) 35.8%
* ▌Lee Rosenbaum (Libertarian) 1.5%

Georgia | Sam Nunn | Democratic  | 1972 (special)
1972
1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Sam Nunn (Democratic)
* Unopposed

Idaho | James A. McClure | Republican  | 1972
1978
1984 | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Larry Craig (Republican) 61.3%
* ▌Ron J. Twilegar (Democratic) 38.7%

Illinois | Paul Simon | Democratic  | 1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Paul Simon (Democratic) 64.9%
* ▌Lynn M. Martin (Republican) 35.1%

Iowa | Tom Harkin | Democratic  | 1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Tom Harkin (Democratic) 54.5%
* ▌Tom Tauke (Republican) 45.4%

Kansas | Nancy Kassebaum | Republican  | 1978
1978 (appointed)
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Nancy Kassebaum (Republican) 73.6%
* ▌Dick Williams (Democratic) 26.4%

Kentucky | Mitch McConnell | Republican  | 1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Mitch McConnell (Republican) 52.2%
* ▌Harvey I. Sloane (Democratic) 47.8%

Louisiana | J. Bennett Johnston | Democratic  | 1972 (appointed)
1972
1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y J. Bennett Johnston (Democratic) 54.0%
* ▌David Duke (Republican) 43.5%

Maine | William Cohen | Republican  | 1972
1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y William Cohen (Republican) 61.4%
* ▌Neil Rolde (Democratic) 38.6%

Massachusetts | John Kerry | Democratic  | 1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y John Kerry (Democratic) 56.9%
* ▌Jim Rappaport (Republican) 43.1%

Michigan | Carl Levin | Democratic  | 1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Carl Levin (Democratic) 57.5%
* ▌Bill Schuette (Republican) 41.2%
* ▌Susan Farquhar (Workers World) 1.3%

Minnesota | Rudy Boschwitz | Republican  | 1978
1978 (appointed)
1984 | Incumbent lost re-election.
DFL gain. |

* ▌Y Paul Wellstone (DFL) 50.4%
* ▌Rudy Boschwitz (Republican) 47.8%
* ▌Russell Bentley (Grassroots) 1.6%

Mississippi | Thad Cochran | Republican  | 1978
1978 (appointed)
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Thad Cochran (Republican)
* Unopposed

Montana | Max Baucus | Democratic  | 1978
1978 (appointed)
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Max Baucus (Democratic) 68.1%
* ▌Allen Kolstad (Republican) 29.4%
* ▌Westley Deitchler (Libertarian) 2.5%

Nebraska | J. James Exon | Democratic  | 1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y J. James Exon (Democratic) 59.1%
* ▌Hal Daub (Republican) 40.9%

New Hampshire | Gordon J. Humphrey | Republican  | 1978
1984 | Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Incumbent resigned December 4, 1990 to take a seat in the New Hampshire Senate.
Winner appointed December 7, 1990.  |

* ▌Y Bob Smith (Republican) 65.1%
* ▌John A. Durkin (Democratic) 31.3%
* ▌John Elsnau (Libertarian) 3.3%

New Jersey | Bill Bradley | Democratic  | 1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Bill Bradley (Democratic) 50.4%
* ▌Christine Todd Whitman (Republican) 47.4%

Others

* ▌John L. Kucek (Populist) 1.0%
* ▌Louis M. Stefanelli (Libertarian) 0.7%
* ▌Don Mackle (Socialist Workers) 0.4%

New Mexico | Pete Domenici | Republican  | 1972
1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Pete Domenici (Republican) 72.9%
* ▌Tom Benavidez (Democratic) 27.1%

North Carolina | Jesse Helms | Republican  | 1972
1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Jesse Helms (Republican) 52.6%
* ▌Harvey Gantt (Democratic) 47.4%

Oklahoma | David Boren | Democratic  | 1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y David Boren (Democratic) 83.2%
* ▌Stephen Jones (Republican) 17.8%

Oregon | Mark Hatfield | Republican  | 1966
1972
1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Mark Hatfield (Republican) 53.9%
* ▌Harry Lonsdale (Democratic) 46.1%

Rhode Island | Claiborne Pell | Democratic  | 1960
1966
1972
1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Claiborne Pell (Democratic) 61.8%
* ▌Claudine Schneider (Republican) 38.2%

South Carolina | Strom Thurmond | Republican  | 1954 (write-in)[c]
1954 (appointed)
1956 (resigned)
1956 (special)
1960
1966
1972
1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Strom Thurmond (Republican) 64.2%
* ▌Bob Cunningham (Democratic) 32.5%

Others

* ▌William H. Griffin (Libertarian) 1.8%
* ▌Marion C. Metts (American) 1.4%

South Dakota | Larry Pressler | Republican  | 1978
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Larry Pressler (Republican) 52.4%
* ▌Ted Muenster (Democratic) 45.1%
* ▌Dean L. Sinclair (Independent) 2.5%

Tennessee | Al Gore | Democratic  | 1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Al Gore (Democratic) 67.7%
* ▌William R. Hawkins (Republican) 29.8%

Others

* ▌Bill Jacox (Independent) 1.4%
* ▌Charles Gordon Vick (Independent) 1.0%

Texas | Phil Gramm | Republican  | 1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Phil Gramm (Republican) 60.2%
* ▌Hugh Parmer (Democratic) 37.4%
* ▌Gary Johnson (Libertarian) 2.3%

Virginia | John Warner | Republican  | 1978
1979 (appointed)
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y John Warner (Republican) 80.9%
* ▌Nancy B. Spannaus (Independent) 18.2%

West Virginia | Jay Rockefeller | Democratic  | 1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Jay Rockefeller (Democratic) 68.5%
* ▌John Yoder (Republican) 31.5%

Wyoming | Alan Simpson | Republican  | 1978
1979 (appointed)
1984 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Alan Simpson (Republican) 66.4%
* ▌Kathy Helling (Democratic) 33.6%

## Closest races

[edit]

In eight races the margin of victory was under 10%.

State  | Party of winner  | Margin

|
|

Minnesota | Democratic (flip)  | 2.63%
New Jersey | Democratic  | 3.04%
Kentucky | Republican  | 4.38%
North Carolina | Republican  | 5.19%
South Dakota | Republican  | 7.32%
Oregon | Republican  | 7.49%
Iowa | Democratic  | 9.05%
Hawaii (special) | Democratic  | 9.37%

Michigan was the tipping point state with a margin of 16.3%.

## Alabama

[edit]

Alabama election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 6, 1990 | 1996 →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Howell Heflin | Bill Cabaniss |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 717,814 | 467,190
Percentage  | 60.6% | 39.4%

* * *

County results
Heflin:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Cabaniss:      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Howell Heflin
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Howell Heflin
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Alabama

See also: List of United States senators from Alabama

Incumbent Democrat Howell Heflin won re-election to a third term over Republican Bill Cabaniss, State Senator and former State Representative. This was the last time the Democrats have won the Class 2 Senate Seat from Alabama until Doug Jones won the seat in 2017.

General election results[6] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | Howell Heflin (Incumbent)  | 717,814  | 60.67%  | −2.00%
| Republican | William J. Cabaniss  | 467,190  | 39.43%  | +3.00%
Total votes  | 1,184,954  | 100.00%  |
Majority | 250,624  | 21.24%  |
| Democratic hold | Swing |  |

## Alaska

[edit]

Alaska election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Ted Stevens | Michael Beasley  |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 125,806 | 61,152
Percentage  | 66.23% | 32.19%

* * *

Results by state house district
Stevens:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Ted Stevens
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Ted Stevens
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Alaska

See also: List of United States senators from Alaska

Incumbent Republican United States Senator Ted Stevens sought re-election to a fifth term in the United States Senate, which he won easily, besting his opponents in a landslide.

Open primary results[7] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Ted Stevens (Incumbent)  | 81,968  | 59.19%
| Republican | John Havelock  | 34,824  | 25.15%
| Democratic | Michael Beasley  | 12,371  | 8.93%
| Democratic | Tom Taggart  | 9,329  | 6.74%
Total votes | 138,492  | 100.00%
1990 United States Senate election in Alaska[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Republican | Ted Stevens (Incumbent)  | 125,806  | 66.23%  | −4.94%
| Democratic | Michael Beasley  | 61,152  | 32.19%  | +3.71%
| Write-ins  |  | 2,999  | 1.58%  |
Majority | 64,654  | 34.04%  | −8.65%
Turnout | 189,957  |  |
| Republican hold | Swing |  |

## Arkansas

[edit]

Arkansas election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | David Pryor |  |
Party  | Democratic |
Popular vote  | 493,910 |
Percentage  | 99.83% |

* * *

County results
Pryor:      100%
No data/No votes:

* * *

| re-election before election

David Pryor
Democratic

| Elected re-election

David Pryor
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Arkansas

See also: List of United States senators from Arkansas

Incumbent Democrat David Pryor won re-election uncontested.[8]

1990 Arkansas United States Senate election  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic | David Pryor (Incumbent)  | 493,910  | 99.83%
| Independent | Betty White (write-in)  | 825  | 0.17%
Majority  | 493,085  | 99.67%
Turnout | 494,735  |
| Democratic hold

## Colorado

[edit]

Colorado election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 6, 1990 | 1996 →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Hank Brown | Josie Heath |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 569,048 | 425,746
Percentage  | 55.7% | 41.7%

* * *

County results
Brown:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Heath:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

William L. Armstrong
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Hank Brown
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Colorado

See also: List of United States senators from Colorado

Incumbent Republican senator William L. Armstrong did not seek re-election to another term. Republican congressman Hank Brown won the open seat, defeating Democratic nominee Josie Heath, former Boulder County Commissioner[9]

General election results[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Hank Brown | 569,048  | 55.68%
| Democratic | Josie Heath | 425,746  | 41.66%
| Concerns of People  | John Heckman  | 15,432  | 1.51%
| Colorado Prohibition | Earl F. Dodge | 11,801  | 1.15%
| Write-In | Others  | 32  | 0.00%
Majority  | 143,302  | 14.02%
Turnout | 1,022,059  |
| Republican hold

## Delaware

[edit]

Delaware election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Joe Biden | M. Jane Brady |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 112,918 | 64,554
Percentage  | 62.68% | 35.83%

* * *

County results
Biden:      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Joe Biden
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Joe Biden
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Delaware

Incumbent Democratic Joe Biden won re-election to a fourth term, defeating Republican challenger Deputy Attorney General of Delaware M. Jane Brady. Brady decided to run because she felt that Biden's liberal voting record did not reflect the political positions of Delawareans.[11] The election had a turnout rate of under 40% of registered voters.[12] Biden won in a landslide with over 60% of the vote improving on his 1984 margin, winning all three counties and all 41 state house districts.[13][14]

General election results[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | Joe Biden (Incumbent)  | 112,918  | 62.68%  | +2.57%
| Republican | M. Jane Brady | 64,554  | 35.83%  | −4.06%
| Libertarian | Lee Rosenbaum  | 2,680  | 1.49%  |
| Write-ins  |  | 5  | 0.00%  |
Majority | 48,364  | 26.85%  | +6.62%
Turnout | 180,157  |  |
| Democratic hold | Swing |  |

## Georgia

[edit]

Georgia election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Sam Nunn |  |
Party  | Democratic |
Popular vote  | 1,033,439 |
Percentage  | 100.0% |

* * *

County results
Nunn:      100%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Sam Nunn
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Sam Nunn
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Georgia

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia

Incumbent Democrat Sam Nunn won re-election to a fourth term uncontested.[8]

General election results, 1990  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | Sam Nunn (Incumbent)  | 1,033,439  | 100.00%  | +20.06%
Majority | 1,033,439  | 100.00%  | +40.12%
Turnout | 1,033,439  |  |
| Democratic hold | Swing |  |

## Hawaii (special)

[edit]

Hawaii special election

* * *

← 1988

1994 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Daniel Akaka | Pat Saiki |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 188,901 | 155,978
Percentage  | 54.0% | 44.6%

* * *

County results
Akaka:      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Daniel Akaka
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Daniel Akaka
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate special election in Hawaii

See also: List of United States senators from Hawaii

Incumbent Democrat Daniel Akaka was elected to finish the term ending in 1995 over Republican U.S. Representative Pat Saiki. Akaka had been appointed by Governor John Waihee in April 1990 to fill the vacancy created by the death of Spark Matsunaga.[15]

General election results[16] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic | Daniel Akaka (incumbent)  | 188,901  | 54.02%
| Republican | Pat Saiki | 155,978  | 44.61%
| Libertarian | Ken Schoolland  | 4,787  | 1.37%
Majority  | 32,923  | 9.42%
Turnout | 349,666  |
| Democratic hold

## Idaho

[edit]

Idaho election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Larry Craig | Ron Twilegar |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 193,641 | 122,295
Percentage  | 61.29% | 38.71%

* * *

County results
Craig:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Twilegar:      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Jim McClure
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Larry Craig
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Idaho

See also: List of United States senators from Idaho

Republican Rep. Larry Craig defeated Democratic former state legislator Ron Twilegar for the seat of U.S. Senator Jim McClure, who did not seek re-election.

General election results[17] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Larry Craig  | 65,830  | 59.01%
| Republican | Jim Jones | 45,733  | 40.99%
General election results[18] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic | Ron Twilegar  | 30,154  | 64.51%
| Democratic | David C. Steed  | 16,587  | 35.49%
General election results[19] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Larry Craig  | 193,641  | 61.29%
| Democratic | Ron Twilegar  | 122,295  | 38.71%
Total votes | 315,936  | 100.00%
Majority  | 71,346  | 22.58%
| Republican hold

## Illinois

[edit]

Illinois election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Paul Simon | Lynn Morley Martin |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 2,115,377 | 1,135,628
Percentage  | 65.07% | 34.93%

* * *

County results
Simon:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Martin:      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Paul Simon
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Paul Simon
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Illinois

See also: List of United States senators from Illinois

Incumbent Democrat Paul Simon sought re-election to the United States Senate. Simon was opposed by Republican nominee Lynn Morley Martin, a United States Congresswoman from Illinois's 16th congressional district, whom he easily defeated to win a second and final term in the Senate.

1990 United States Senate election in Illinois[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | Paul Simon (Incumbent)  | 2,115,377  | 65.07%  | +15.00%
| Republican | Lynn Morley Martin | 1,135,628  | 34.93%  | −13.28%
Majority | 979,749  | 30.14%  | +28.28%
Turnout | 3,251,005  |  |
| Democratic hold | Swing |  |

## Indiana (special)

[edit]

Indiana special election

* * *

← 1986

1992 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Dan Coats | Baron Hill |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 806,048 | 696,639
Percentage  | 53.6% | 46.4%

* * *

County results
Coats:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Hill:      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Dan Coats
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Dan Coats
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate special election in Indiana

See also: List of United States senators from Indiana

Incumbent Republican Dan Coats, who was recently appointed to this seat two years prior, won election to serve out the remainder of the term, beating Democratic State Representative Baron Hill.

During the 1988 presidential election, Republican nominee Vice President George H. W. Bush selected U.S. Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana as his vice presidential nominee. The Bush-Quayle ticket defeated the Dukakis–Bentsen ticket in the general election by a 53%-46% margin, capturing 40 states and 426 electoral votes.

In preparation for the pending vacancy, Governor Robert D. Orr appointed four-term U.S. Representative Dan Coats to fill Quayle's seat on December 12, 1988. Coats was a former aide to Quayle, whom he had succeeded as U.S. Representative for Indiana's 4th congressional district in 1981. Quayle eventually resigned his Senate seat on January 3, 1989, and Coats was immediately sworn into office.

Coats used television commercials that raised questions about Hill's consistency in opposing new taxes, and Hill gained notoriety for walking the length of the state to meet voters.

General election results[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Republican | Dan Coats (Incumbent) | 806,048  | 53.6%  | −6.93%
| Democratic | Baron Hill | 696,639  | 46.4%  | +7.85%
Majority | 109,409  | 7.28%  |
Turnout | 1,502,687  |  |
| Republican hold | Swing |  |

## Iowa

[edit]

Iowa election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 5, 1990 | 1996 →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Tom Harkin | Tom Tauke |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 535,975 | 446,869
Percentage  | 54.5% | 45.4%

* * *

County results
Harkin:      50–60%      60–70%
Tauke:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Tom Harkin
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Tom Harkin
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Iowa

See also: List of United States senators from Iowa

Incumbent Democrat Tom Harkin sought re-election to a second term in the United States Senate. Harkin was opposed by Republican United States Congressman Tom Tauke, from Iowa's 2nd congressional district, and both Harkin and Tauke won their primaries uncontested. Though Harkin performed slightly worse than he had six years earlier, he was successful in his re-election bid and defeated Tauke.

Democratic primary results[20] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic | Tom Harkin (Incumbent)  | 162,661  | 99.47%
| Democratic | Write-ins  | 867  | 0.53%
Total votes | 163,528  | 100.00%
Republican primary results[20] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Tom Tauke  | 91,798  | 99.81%
| Republican | Write-ins  | 172  | 0.19%
Total votes | 91,970  | 100.00%
1990 United States Senate election in Iowa[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | Tom Harkin (Incumbent)  | 535,975  | 54.47%  | −0.98%
| Republican | Tom Tauke | 446,869  | 45.42%  | +1.76%
| Write-ins  |  | 1,089  | 0.11%  |
Majority | 89,106  | 9.06%  | −2.74%
Turnout | 983,933  |  |
| Democratic hold | Swing |  |

## Kansas

[edit]

Kansas election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 6, 1990 | 1996 →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Nancy Kassebaum | Dick Williams  |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 578,605 | 207,491
Percentage  | 73.6% | 26.4%

* * *

County results
Kassebaum:      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Nancy Kassebaum
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Nancy Kassebaum
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Kansas

See also: List of United States senators from Kansas

Incumbent Republican Nancy Kassebaum won re-election to her third full term, over Democrat Dick Williams, an educator at Wichita State University[21]

General election results[22] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Nancy Kassebaum (Incumbent)  | 578,605  | 73.6%
| Democratic | Dick Williams  | 207,491  | 26.4%
Total votes | 786,096  | 100.00%
Majority  | 371,114  | 47.2%
| Republican hold

## Kentucky

[edit]

Kentucky election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Mitch McConnell | Harvey Sloane |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 478,034 | 437,976
Percentage  | 52.2% | 47.8%

* * *

County results
McConnell:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Sloane:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Mitch McConnell
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Mitch McConnell
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Kentucky

See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky

Incumbent Republican Mitch McConnell won re-election to a second term over Democrat Harvey Sloane, former Mayor of Louisville

Democratic primary results[23] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic | Harvey I. Sloane  | 183,789  | 59.27%
| Democratic | John Brock  | 126,318  | 40.73%
Total votes | 310,107  | 100.00%
Republican primary results[23] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Mitch McConnell (Incumbent)  | 64,063  | 88.52%
| Republican | Tommy Klein  | 8,310  | 11.48%
Total votes | 72,373  | 100.00%
General election results[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Republican | Mitch McConnell (Incumbent)  | 478,034  | 52.19%  | +2.28%
| Democratic | Harvey I. Sloane | 437,976  | 47.81%  | −1.68%
Majority | 40,058  | 4.37%  | +3.97%
Turnout | 916,010  |  |
| Republican hold | Swing |  |

## Louisiana

[edit]

Louisiana election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 6, 1990 | 1996 →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | J. Bennett Johnston | David Duke |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 753,198 | 607,051
Percentage  | 53.95% | 43.48%

* * *

Parish results
Johnston:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Duke:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

J. Bennett Johnston
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

J. Bennett Johnston
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Louisiana

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

Incumbent Democrat J. Bennett Johnston Jr. won re-election to a fourth term and avoided a runoff, beating Republican David Duke, State Representative and former Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan.

This election was viewed at the onset as potentially competitive, as Senator Johnston was viewed as vulnerable in light of Louisiana's economic troubles at the time and Senator Johnston's voting record viewed by Republicans as too liberal. The Republican Party leadership endorsed the candidacy of State Senator Ben Bagert, who was picked over Secretary of State Fox McKeithen, State Representative Quentin Dastugue and State Representative David Duke.[24] David Duke, however, continued his candidacy and slowly overtook Bagert in attention and in the polls. Duke attracted national attention to the race with his involvement with white supremacist groups and his appeals to white resentment over affirmative-action programs. With Bagert failing to gain traction, the National Republican Senatorial Committee tried to recruit former Governor David Treen to jump into the race. When Treen passed, the effort turned from supporting Bagert to stopping Duke.[25]

As the election drew near, polls showed Johnston firmly in first place, with Duke in second place and Bagert trailing far behind at third. National Republicans grew fearful that Bagert's candidacy would only serve to force a runoff and that a potential runoff election with Duke being the de facto Republican nominee would hurt the national brand. On October 4, eight Republican Senators endorsed Johnston, with Senator John Danforth saying at the press conference that "all of us would be embarrassed and mortified to have to serve in the United States Senate with David Duke masquerading as a Republican." Bagert dropped out of the race the next day, announcing that "it became more and more apparent, that instead of forcing a runoff between myself and Bennett Johnston, I might very well be forcing a runoff between somebody else and Bennett Johnston." He announced he would "reluctantly" vote for Johnston.[26] Bagert's name remained on the ballot, but under state law his votes could not be counted as part of the official tally.[27] After Bagert dropped out, HUD Secretary Jack Kemp endorsed Johnston, saying "there's no place in the Republican Party for someone who has practiced and practices racism, bigotry and anti-Semitism."[28]

United States Senate Election, 1990[29] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic | J. Bennett Johnston Jr. (Incumbent)  | 753,198  | 53.95%
| Republican | David Duke | 607,091  | 43.48%
| Democratic | Nick Joseph Accardo  | 21,578  | 1.55%
| Democratic | Larry Crowe  | 14,345  | 1.03%
Majority  | 146,107  | 10.47%
Total votes | 1,396,212  | 100.00%
| Democratic hold

## Maine

[edit]

Maine election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 6, 1990 | 1996 →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | William Cohen | Neil Rolde |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 319,167 | 201,053
Percentage  | 61.3% | 38.6%

* * *

County results
Cohen:      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

William Cohen
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

William Cohen
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Maine

See also: List of United States senators from Maine

Incumbent Republican William Cohen won re-election to a third term over Democratic State Representative Neil Rolde.

General election results[30] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | William Cohen (Incumbent)  | 319,167  | 61.3%
| Democratic | Neil Rolde | 201,053  | 38.6%
Total votes | 520,220  | 100.00%
Majority  | 118,114  | 22.7%
| Republican hold

## Massachusetts

[edit]

Massachusetts election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | John Kerry | Jim Rappaport |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 1,321,712 | 992,917
Percentage  | 54.5% | 41.0%

* * *

County results

Municipality results

Kerry

40–50%

50–60%

60–70%

70–80%

80–90%

Rappaport

50–60%

60–70%

70–80%

Tie

40–50%

|
|

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

John Kerry
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

John Kerry
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts

Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator John Kerry was re-elected to his second term over Republican real estate developer Jim Rappaport.

Massachusetts United States Senate Republican primary, 1990[31] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Jim Rappaport | 265,093  | 66.12%
| Republican | Daniel W. Daly | 135,647  | 33.38%
|  | All others  | 202  | 0.05%
General election results[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic | John Kerry (Incumbent)  | 1,321,712  | 54.51%
| Republican | Jim Rappaport | 992,917  | 40.95%
| Independent | David Pover  | 109,950  | 4.54%
Turnout | 2,424,579  | 100.00%
Majority  | 328,795  | 13.56%
| Democratic hold

## Michigan

[edit]

Michigan election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Carl Levin | Bill Schuette |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 1,471,753 | 1,055,695
Percentage  | 57.5% | 41.2%

* * *

County results
Levin:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Schuette:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Carl Levin
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Carl Levin
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Michigan

See also: List of United States senators from Michigan

Incumbent Democrat Carl Levin won re-election to a third term, beating Republican U.S. Representative Bill Schuette.

General election results[32] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic | Carl Levin (Incumbent)  | 1,471,753  | 57.4%
| Republican | Bill Schuette  | 1,055,695  | 41.2%
| Workers World | Susan Farquhar  | 32,796  | 1.3%
Total votes | 2,560,244  | 100.00%
Majority  | 416,058  | 16.2%
| Democratic hold

## Minnesota

[edit]

Minnesota election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 6, 1990 | 1996 →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Paul Wellstone | Rudy Boschwitz |
Party  | Democratic (DFL) | Ind.-Republican
Popular vote  | 911,999 | 864,375
Percentage  | 50.5% | 47.9%

* * *

County results
Wellstone:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Boschwitz:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Rudy Boschwitz
Ind.-Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Paul Wellstone
Democratic (DFL)

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Minnesota

See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota

Incumbent Republican Rudy Boschwitz was defeated by Democratic challenger Paul Wellstone in a tight race. Widely considered an underdog and outspent by a 7-to-1 margin, Wellstone, a professor at Carleton College and nominee for Minnesota State Auditor in 1982 was the only candidate to defeat an incumbent senator in the 1990 election cycle and gained national attention after his upset victory.

General election results[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic (DFL) | Paul Wellstone  | 911,999  | 50.49%
| Ind.-Republican | Rudy Boschwitz (Incumbent)  | 864,375  | 47.86%
| Grassroots | Russell B. Bentley[34] | 29,820  | 1.65%
Total votes | 1,806,194  | 100.00%
Majority  | 47,624  | 2.63%
| Democratic (DFL) gain from Republican

## Mississippi

[edit]

Mississippi election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Thad Cochran |  |
Party  | Republican |
Popular vote  | 274,244 |
Percentage  | 100.0% |

* * *

County results
Cochran:      >90%
No votes:

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Thad Cochran
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Thad Cochran
Republican

|

Incumbent Republican Thad Cochran won re-election to a third term.[8]

1990 Mississippi United States Senate election  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Thad Cochran (Incumbent)  | 274,244  | 100.00%
Total votes | 274,244  | 100.00%
| Republican hold

## Montana

[edit]

Montana election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Max Baucus | Allen Kolstad |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 217,563 | 93,836
Percentage  | 68.13% | 29.38%

* * *

County results
Baucus:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Kostad:      40–50%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Max Baucus
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Max Baucus
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Montana

Incumbent United States Senator Max Baucus, who was first elected in 1978 and was re-elected in 1984, ran for re-election. After winning the Democratic primary, he moved on to the general election, where he was opposed by Allen Kolstad, the Lieutenant Governor of Montana and the Republican nominee. Baucus ultimately ended up defeating Kolstad in a landslide, winning his third term with ease.

Democratic Party primary results[35] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic | Max Baucus (Incumbent)  | 80,622  | 82.60%
| Democratic | John Driscoll | 12,616  | 12.93%
| Democratic | "Curly" Thornton  | 4,367  | 4.47%
Total votes | 97,605  | 100.00%
Republican Primary results[35] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Allen Kolstad  | 38,097  | 43.59%
| Republican | Bruce Vorhauer  | 30,837  | 35.28%
| Republican | Bill Farrell  | 11,820  | 13.52%
| Republican | John Domenech  | 6,648  | 7.61%
Total votes | 87,402  | 100.00%
1990 United States Senate election in Montana[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | Max Baucus (Incumbent)  | 217,563  | 68.13%  | +11.24%
| Republican | Allen Kolstad | 93,836  | 29.38%  | −11.31%
| Libertarian | Westley F. Deitchler  | 7,937  | 2.49%  | +0.07%
Majority | 123,727  | 38.75%  | +22.55%
Turnout | 319,336  |  |
| Democratic hold | Swing |  |

## Nebraska

[edit]

Nebraska election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | J. James Exon | Hal Daub |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 349,779 | 243,013
Percentage  | 58.9% | 40.9%

* * *

County results
Exon:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Daub:      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%      80-90%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

J. James Exon
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

J. James Exon
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Nebraska

See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska

Incumbent Democrat J. James Exon won re-election to a third term, beating Republican U.S. Representative Hal Daub.

General election results[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | J. James Exon (Incumbent)  | 379,933  | 58.90%  | +6.97%
| Republican | Hal Daub | 243,013  | 40.92%  | −7.09%
| Write-ins  |  | 1,036  | 0.17%  |
Majority | 106,766  | 17.98%  | +14.06%
Turnout | 593,828  |  |
| Democratic hold | Swing |  |

## New Hampshire

[edit]

New Hampshire election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Bob Smith | John A. Durkin |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 189,792 | 91,299
Percentage  | 65.1% | 31.3%

* * *

County results

Municipality results

Smith:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Durkin:      40–50%      50–60%      >90%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Gordon J. Humphrey
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Bob Smith
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in New Hampshire

See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire

Incumbent Republican Gordon J. Humphrey decided to retire and not run for re-election to a third term. Republican Bob Smith won the open seat, beating Democratic former Senator John A. Durkin.

General election results[36] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Bob Smith  | 189,792  | 65.13%
| Democratic | John A. Durkin  | 91,299  | 31.33%
| Libertarian | John G. Elsnau  | 9,102  | 3.34%
|  | Write-In Candidates  | 585  | 0.20%
Majority  | 98,493  | 33.80%
Turnout | 291,393  |
| Republican hold

## New Jersey

[edit]

New Jersey election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Bill Bradley | Christine Todd Whitman |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 977,810 | 918,874
Percentage  | 50.44% | 47.40%

* * *

County results
Bradley:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Whitman:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Bill Bradley
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Bill Bradley
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in New Jersey

See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey

Democratic Senator Bill Bradley decided to seek re-election and narrowly edged out little-known Republican Christine Todd Whitman, President of the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities.[8]

Senator Bill Bradley didn't realize he was in trouble of winning re-election and the New Jersey voters' anger over taxes and economy until the week prior to the election.

The senator had a major image problem. In the early part of the campaign Bradley was winning easily in the polls, so his staffers told him to play it safe. He sent out television advertisements of himself walking on the beach, shooting a perfect shot on the court, and sitting back in his office with his basketball shoes onto his desk. The advertisements backfired as voters were turned off and thought that he hadn't taken his job as Senator seriously, at a time when New Jersey voters were suffering.

Another major problem with Bradley was how Democratic Governor Jim Florio implemented a $2.8 billion tax increase, hurting the state's economy. In addition, Bradley refused to answer questions pertaining to Florio's tax policies.

After Bradley realized he was in trouble he released negative advertisements. They attacked Whitman's own record on taxes, accusing her of favoring tax increases when she was a Somerset County Freeholder. Bradley's image may have been further damaged by his newer advertisements.[37]

1990 New Jersey United States Senate election  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic | Bill Bradley (Incumbent)  | 977,810  | 50.4%
| Republican | Christine Todd Whitman  | 918,874  | 47.4%
| Populist | John Kucek  | 19,978  | 1.0%
| Libertarian | Louis Stefanelli  | 13,988  | 0.7%
| Socialist Workers | Don Mackle  | 7,804  | 0.4%
Total votes | 1,938,454  | 100.0%
| Democratic hold

## New Mexico

[edit]

New Mexico election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 5, 1990 | 1996 →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Pete Domenici | Tom Benavidez  |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 296,712 | 110,033
Percentage  | 72.9% | 27.0%

* * *

County results
Domenici:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Pete Domenici
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Pete Domenici
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in New Mexico

See also: List of United States senators from New Mexico

Incumbent Republican Pete Domenici won re-election to a fourth term over Democratic State Senator Tom Benavidez.[38]

General election results[39] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Pete Domenici (Incumbent)  | 296,712  | 72.9%
| Democratic | Tom Benavidez  | 110,033  | 27.0%
Total votes | 406,745  | 100.00%
Majority  | 186,679  | 45.9%
| Republican hold

## North Carolina

[edit]

North Carolina election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Jesse Helms | Harvey Gantt |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 1,089,012 | 981,573
Percentage  | 52.58% | 47.39%

* * *

Helms:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Gantt:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Jesse Helms
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Jesse Helms
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in North Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

The election was fought between the Republican incumbent Jesse Helms and the Democratic nominee Mayor of Charlotte Harvey Gantt. Helms won re-election to a fourth term by a slightly wider margin than the close election in 1984.

Helms drew controversy for airing what became known as the "Hands" ad produced by Alex Castellanos. It showed a pair of white hands with the voiceover saying "You needed that job, and you were the best qualified. But they had to give it to a minority because of a racial quota." The ad prompted allegations of racism.[40]

1990 North Carolina U.S. Senate Republican primary election[41] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Republican | Jesse Helms (Incumbent)  | 157,345  | 84.32%  | −6.33%
| Republican | L. C. Nixon | 15,355  | 8.23%  | N/A
| Republican | George Wimbish | 13,895  | 7.45%  | −1.90%
Turnout | 186,595  |  |
1990 North Carolina U.S. Senate Democratic primary election – First round[41] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | Harvey Gantt | 260,179  | 37.52%  | N/A
| Democratic | Mike Easley | 209,934  | 30.27%  | N/A
| Democratic | John Ingram | 120,990  | 17.45%  | −8.78%
| Democratic | R. P. Thomas | 82,883  | 11.95%  | N/A
| Democratic | Lloyd Gardner | 11,528  | 1.66%  | N/A
| Democratic | Robert Hannan | 7,982  | 1.15%  | N/A
Turnout | 693,496  |  |
1990 North Carolina U.S. Senate Democratic primary election – Second round[41] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | Harvey Gantt | 273,567  | 56.89%  | +19.37%
| Democratic | Mike Easley | 207,283  | 43.11%  | +12.84%
Turnout | 480,850  |  |
1990 North Carolina U.S. Senate election[41] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Republican | Jesse Helms (Incumbent)  | 1,089,012  | 52.58%  | +0.92%
| Democratic | Harvey Gantt | 981,573  | 47.39%  | −0.42%
| Socialist Workers | Rich Stuart | 681  | 0.03%  | −0.08%
Turnout | 2,071,266  |  |
Majority  | 107,439  | 5.19%
| Republican hold

## Oklahoma

[edit]

Oklahoma election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 6, 1990 | 1994 (special) →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | David Boren | Stephen Jones |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 735,684 | 148,814
Percentage  | 83.2% | 16.8%

* * *

County results
Boren:      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Oklahoma

Incumbent Democrat David Boren won re-election to a third term over Republican nominee attorney Stephen Jones.[42][43] Boren won over 80 percent of the vote and all of the states counties.[44]

With his victory Boren became the last Democrat to represent Oklahoma in the Senate.[45]

1990 United States Senate election in Oklahoma  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic | David Boren (Incumbent)  | 735,684  | 83.2%
| Republican | Stephen Jones | 148,814  | 16.8%
Majority  | 586,870  | 66.4%
Total votes | 884,498[46] | 100.00%
| Democratic hold

## Oregon

[edit]

Oregon election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Mark Hatfield | Harry Lonsdale |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 590,095 | 507,743
Percentage  | 53.7% | 46.2%

* * *

County results

Hatfield:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%

Lonsdale:      40–50%      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Mark Hatfield
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Mark Hatfield
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Oregon

Republican Mark Hatfield was re-elected to a fifth term, defeating Democratic businessman Harry Lonsdale.[47] Hatfield faced minimal opposition in the Republican primary, his only major competition was from environmentalist and former Eugene, Oregon mayoral candidate Randy Prince.[48] Hatfield easily defeated Prince receiving nearly eighty percent of the vote.[49] Lonsdale, who had founded the biotechnology company Bend Research, announced in early 1990 that he intended to challenge Hatfield over his ties to special interest groups, and his opposition to abortion rights. During the primary, Lonsdale largely ignored his Democratic opposition opting to directly critcize Hattfield.[50][51] Despite close polling,[47] Hatfield won all but four counties and won the popular vote by over seven points.[47][52]

1990 United States Senate election in Oregon[52] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Mark Hatfield (Incumbent)  | 590,095  | 53.68%
| Democratic | Harry Lonsdale | 507,743  | 46.19%
| Write-In | Misc.  | 1,417  | 0.13%
Total votes | 1,099,255  | 100.00%
| Republican hold

## Rhode Island

[edit]

Rhode Island election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Claiborne Pell | Claudine Schneider |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 225,105 | 138,947
Percentage  | 61.8% | 38.2%

* * *

County results

Municipality results

Pell:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Schneider:      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Claiborne Pell
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Claiborne Pell
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Rhode Island

See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island

Democratic Incumbent Claiborne Pell defeated Republican Representative Claudine Schneider in a landslide.[53]

1990 United States Senate election in Rhode Island[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | Claiborne Pell (Incumbent)  | 225,105  | 61.83%  | −10.83%
| Republican | Claudine Schneider | 138,947  | 38.17%  | +10.83%
Majority | 86,158  | 23.67%  | −21.65%
Turnout | 364,062  |  |
| Democratic hold | Swing |  |

## South Carolina

[edit]

South Carolina election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 6, 1990 | 1996 →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Strom Thurmond | Bob Cunningham  |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 482,032 | 244,112
Percentage  | 64.2% | 32.5%

* * *

County results

Thurmond:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

Cunningham:      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Strom Thurmond
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Strom Thurmond
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in South Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

Popular incumbent Republican Strom Thurmond cruised to re-election against Democratic challenger and perennial candidate Bob Cunningham.

Senator Strom Thurmond faced no opposition from South Carolina Republicans and avoided a primary election. The state Democrats saw this as an unwinnable race so when Bob Cunningham sought the Democratic nomination, he was unopposed in his bid.

Cunningham launched his second bid to unseat Republican Sen. Strom Thurmond after switching from the GOP to the Democratic Party in early 1990. Though he faced a formidable opponent, Cunningham planned no fund-raising activities. "I don't plan to ask for anything and I won't accept any money from PACs", he said. Cunninghman said his campaign strategy was to "go to places where I was invited and spread out my ideas." If elected, Cummingham said he would push to limit consecutive congressional service to 12 years and reform the tax system. He supported greater environmental activism. "I think we're going at it in much too lukewarm a fashion. I think we should work hard to find a substitute for the internal combustion engine."

The election was never a serious contest. Thurmond overwhelmingly outspent Cunningham in his re-election campaign.

South Carolina U.S. Senate Election, 1990  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Republican | Strom Thurmond (Incumbent)  | 482,032  | 64.2%  | −2.6%
| Democratic | Bob Cunningham  | 244,112  | 32.5%  | +0.7%
| Libertarian | William H. Griffin  | 13,804  | 1.8%  | +0.4%
| American | Marion C. Metts  | 10,317  | 1.4%  | +1.4%
| No party | Write-Ins | 464  | 0.1%  | +0.1%
Majority | 237,920  | 31.7%  | −3.3%
Turnout | 750,729  | 55.2%  | −13.5%
| Republican hold | Swing |  |

## South Dakota

[edit]

South Dakota election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 6, 1990 | 1996 →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Larry Pressler | Ted Muenster |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 135,682 | 116,727
Percentage  | 52.4% | 45.1%

* * *

County results

Pressler:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%

Muenster:      40–50%      50–60%

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in South Dakota

See also: List of United States senators from South Dakota

Incumbent Republican Larry Pressler won a narrow re-election battle against Democratic opponent Ted Muenster and Independent candidate Dean Sinclair, in contrast to his easy win in 1984.

South Dakota U.S. Senate Election, 1990[8][54] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Republican | Larry Pressler (Incumbent)  | 135,682  | 52.39%  | −22.1%
| Democratic | Theodore 'Ted' Muenster | 116,727  | 45.07%  | +19.56%
| Independent | Dean L. Sinclair  | 6,567  | 2.54%  | N/A
Majority | 18,955  | 7.32%  | −41.66%
Turnout | 258,976  | 61.6%  | −9.7%
| Republican hold | Swing |  |

## Tennessee

[edit]

Tennessee election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 6, 1990 | 1994 (special) →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Al Gore | William R. Hawkins  |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 529,914 | 233,324
Percentage  | 67.72% | 29.82%

* * *

County results
Gore:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Al Gore
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Al Gore
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Tennessee

Incumbent Democratic Senator Al Gore defeated Republican challenger William R. Hawkins, winning a second term.[55] The election had a turnout rate of just over 20% of registered voters. Gore won in a landslide with over 67% of the vote improving on his 1984 margin, winning of the states counties.[56]

1990 United States Senate election in Tennessee[56] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Democratic | Al Gore (Incumbent)  | 529,914  | 67.72%
| Republican | William R. Hawkins  | 233,324  | 29.92%
| Independent | Bill Jacox  | 11,172  | 1.43%
| Independent | Charles Gordon Vick  | 7,995  | 1.02%
| Write-ins  |  | 109  | 0.01%
Total votes | 782,514  | 100.00%
Majority  | 296,590  | 37.8%
| Democratic hold

## Texas

[edit]

Texas election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Phil Gramm | Hugh Parmer  |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 2,302,357 | 1,429,986
Percentage  | 60.2% | 37.4%

* * *

County results
Gramm:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Parmer:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Tie:      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Phil Gramm
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Phil Gramm
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Texas

See also: List of United States senators from Texas

Incumbent Republican Phil Gramm won re-election to a second term, beating Hugh Parmer, State Senator and former Mayor of Fort Worth[57]

Gramm, a popular incumbent who switched parties a few years prior, had over $5 million on hand.[58]

General election results[59] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Phil Gramm (incumbent)  | 2,302,357  | 60.2%
| Democratic | Hugh Parmer  | 1,429,986  | 37.4%
| Libertarian | Gary Johnson  | 89,089  | 2.4%
| Write In  | Ira Calkins  | 725  | 0.0%
Total votes | 3,822,157  | 100.00%
Majority  | 872,371  | 22.8%
| Republican hold

## Virginia

[edit]

Virginia election

* * *

← 1984

1996 →

Turnout| 25.5% (voting eligible)[60]
|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | John Warner | Nancy Spannaus  |
Party  | Republican | Independent
Popular vote  | 876,782 | 196,755
Percentage  | 80.9% | 18.2%

* * *

County and independent city results
Warner:      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

John Warner
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

John Warner
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from Virginia

Incumbent Republican John W. Warner won re-election to a third term. No Democrat filed to run against him as he won every single county and city in the state with over 60% of the vote. Independent Nancy B. Spannaus (an affiliate of the controversial Lyndon LaRouche) got 18% of the vote, as she was the only other candidate on the ballot besides Warner.

1990 United States Senate election in Virginia[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Republican | John Warner (Incumbent)  | 876,782  | 80.91%  | +10.86%
| Independent | Nancy Spannaus  | 196,755  | 18.16%  |
| Write-ins  |  | 10,153  | 0.94%  | +0.93%
Majority | 680,027  | 62.75%  | +22.65%
Turnout | 1,083,690  |  |
| Republican hold | Swing |  |

## West Virginia

[edit]

West Virginia election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 6, 1990 | 1996 →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Jay Rockefeller | John C. Yoder |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 276,234 | 128,071
Percentage  | 68.32% | 31.68%

* * *

County results
Rockefeller:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Yoder:      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Jay Rockefeller
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Jay Rockefeller
Democratic

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in West Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia

The 1990 United States Senate election in West Virginia was held November 6, 1990. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Jay Rockefeller won re-election to a second term.

General election results[61] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | Jay Rockefeller (Incumbent)  | 276,234  | 68.32%  | +16.50%
| Republican | John C. Yoder | 128,071  | 31.68%  | −16.05%
Majority | 148,163  | 36.64%  | +32.55%
Turnout | 404,305  | ≈35%  |
| Democratic hold | Swing |  |

## Wyoming

[edit]

Wyoming election

* * *

| ← 1984 | November 6, 1990 | 1996 →

|
|

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Alan K. Simpson | Kathy Helling  |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 100,784 | 56,848
Percentage  | 63.94% | 36.06%

* * *

County Results
Simpson:      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Alan K. Simpson
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Alan K. Simpson
Republican

|

Main article: 1990 United States Senate election in Wyoming

See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2017)

|

Incumbent Republican Alan Simpson easily won re-election to a third term over Democratic challenger Kathy Helling.

1990 United States Senate election in Wyoming[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Republican | Alan Simpson (Incumbent)  | 100,784  | 63.94%  |
| Democratic | Kathy Helling  | 56,848  | 36.06%  |
Majority | 43,936  | 27.88%  |
Turnout | 157,632  |  |
| Republican hold | Swing |  |

## See also

[edit]

* 1990 United States elections
* 1990 United States gubernatorial elections
* 1990 United States House of Representatives elections
* 101st United States Congress
* 102nd United States Congress

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c As J. Bennett Johnston won Louisiana's jungle primary outright with a majority on October 6, he was listed unopposed for the general election on November 6. State law does not require tabulation of unopposed votes, thus the nationwide vote totals exclude Louisiana.[1]
2. ^ a b Appointee elected
3. ^ Senator Strom Thurmond was originally elected as a Democrat in 1954, but as a write-in candidate, a special election in 1956 and 1960 before switching to a Republican in 1964. Thurmond won re-election as a Republican in 1966, 1972, 1978 and 1984.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Clerk of the House of Representatives (April 29, 1991). "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1990" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 49.
2. ^ Dewar, Helen; Yang, John E. (November 6, 1990). "The Senate Incumbents Win Control Remains with Democrats". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 12, 2025.
3. ^ Elving, Ron (November 13, 2022). "The midterms didn't produce a wave. Here's what that's meant historically". NPR. Retrieved April 1, 2025.
4. ^ a b "Senators: North Carolina, Minnesota Boschwitz Botches It". Time. November 19, 1990. Retrieved March 23, 2025.
5. ^ Dewar, Helen; Yang, John E. (November 6, 1990). "The Senate Incumbents Win Control Remains with Democrats". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 12, 2025.
6. ^ "Our Campaigns - AL US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1990". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
7. ^ "State of Alaska: Official Returns" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Clerk of the House of Representatives (1991). "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1990" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office.
9. ^ "Colorado Voters Pick Candidates for Senate Race". The New York Times. Associated Press. August 16, 1990. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
10. ^ Leip, David. "1992 U.S. Senatorial General Election Results - Colorado". U.S. Election Atlas. Retrieved February 27, 2013.
11. ^ Brady, M. Jane (August 19, 1990). Delaware Senate Campaign (Video). C-SPAN. Event occurs at 00:36. Archived from the original on February 15, 2025. Retrieved March 12, 2025.
12. ^ Leip, David. "1990 Senatorial General Election Results - Delaware". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved March 11, 2025.
13. ^ Harper 1991, p. 12.
14. ^ Dennis 1985, p. 2.
15. ^ "Our Campaigns - HI US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 06, 1990". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
16. ^ Cayetano, Benjamin J. (November 6, 1990). "General Election and Special Election for the Office of Hawaiian Affairs" (PDF). Results of Votes Cast. Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii. p. 17. Retrieved June 3, 2025.
17. ^ "ID US Senate- R Primary Race - May 22, 1990". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
18. ^ "ID US Senate- D Primary Race - May 22, 1990". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
19. ^ "ID US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1990". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
20. ^ a b Baxter, Elaine (June 5, 1990). "Primary Election" (PDF). Retrieved January 24, 2022.
21. ^ "Williams picked to run agasinst Kassebaum". The Fort Scott Tribune. Retrieved December 20, 2017 – via Google News Archive Search.
22. ^ "Our Campaigns - KS US Senate Race - Nov 05, 1996". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
23. ^ a b "U.S. Senator: Primary Election". Archived from the original on November 13, 2010. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
24. ^ "Louisiana GOP Refuses to Back Duke for Senate". LA Times. Associated Press. January 14, 1990. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
25. ^ BROWNSTEIN, RONALD (October 7, 1990). "Johnston Beats Duke, 54-43%, in Louisiana". LA Times. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
26. ^ Applebome, Peter (October 5, 1990). "Republican Quits Louisiana Race In Effort to Defeat Ex-Klansman". The New York Times. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
27. ^ "Johnston Takes Lead Over Duke in Louisiana". LA Times. Associated Press. October 7, 1990. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
28. ^ Applebome, Peter (October 7, 1990). "Former Klan Figure Loses to Incumbent In Louisiana Voting". The New York Times. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
29. ^ "Louisiana Secretary of State – Election Results".
30. ^ "Our Campaigns - ME US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1990". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
31. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA US Senate- R Primary Race - Sep 18, 1990". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
32. ^ Parker, Randy; Reporting for Duty (April 9, 2005). "Our Campaigns: MI U.S. Senate". Our Campaigns.
33. ^ "Our Campaigns - MN US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1990". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
34. ^ The Bizarre Story of How a Hardcore Texas Leftist Became a Frontline Putin Propagandist, Tim Dickinson Rolling Stone, March 3, 2022 (archive)
35. ^ a b "Report of the Official Canvass of the Vote Cast at the Primary Election Held in the State of Montana, June 5, 1990" (PDF). Montana Secretary of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 28, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
36. ^ "Our Campaigns - NH US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1990". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
37. ^ King, Wayne; Times, Special to The New York (November 8, 1990). "THE 1990 ELECTIONS: What Went Wrong?; Bradley Says He Sensed Voter Fury But It Was Too Late to Do Anything". The New York Times. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
38. ^ "Our Campaigns – Candidate – Tom Benavidez". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
39. ^ "Our Campaigns - NM US Senate Race - Nov 05, 1996". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
40. ^ Bouie, Jamelle (July 27, 2012). "Apparently, the 'Real Racists' Are… Anti-Racists?". The Nation. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
41. ^ a b c d "North Carolina DataNet #46" (PDF). University of North Carolina. April 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2008. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
42. ^ Media, Griffin. "Boren family spokesperson reflects on legacy of former governor". KWTV-DT. Retrieved March 23, 2025.
43. ^ "SAE Case Will Be Lawyer Stephen Jones' Rematch Against OU Prez Boren". NBC News. March 13, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2025.
44. ^ Liep, David. "1990 Senatorial General Election Results - Oklahoma". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved March 23, 2025.
45. ^ Goldsberry, Jenny (February 20, 2025). "David Boren, former Oklahoma governor and senator, dies at 83". Washington Examiner. Retrieved March 23, 2025.
46. ^ "1990 Oklahoma Election Results" (PDF). Oklahoma State Election Board. 1990. p. 10. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
47. ^ a b c "Hatfield overcomes Lonsdale, anti-incumbent mood to win". The Bulletin. November 7, 1990. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
48. ^ "If you're looking for Hatfield..." The Register-Guard. March 16, 1990. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
49. ^ Cain, Brad (May 16, 1990). "Lonsdale getting ready to battle Hatsfield". Albany Democrat-Herald. Associated Press. p. 5. Retrieved July 16, 2025.
50. ^ Attle, Rick (March 5, 1990). "Lonsdale blast launches Senate campaign". The Bulletin. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
51. ^ Boyd, Jim (March 9, 1990). "2nd Eugene man enters Senate race". The Register-Guard. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
52. ^ a b Liep, Dave. "1990 Senatorial General Election Results - Oregon". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved July 16, 2025.
53. ^ "Our Campaigns - RI US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1990". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
54. ^ South Dakota Secretary of State, Historical Election Data. Accessed December 12, 2018.
55. ^ "McWherter, Gore coast to victories". Bristol Herald Courier. November 7, 1990. p. 1. Retrieved April 21, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
56. ^ a b "1990 Senatorial General Election Results - Tennessee". Archived from the original on February 26, 2014.
57. ^ "Archives | Austin American-Statesman | Statesman.com". Nl.newsbank.com. July 1, 1990. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
58. ^ "dallasnews.com | Archives". Nl.newsbank.com. October 17, 1990. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
59. ^ "TX US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1990". Our Campaigns. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
60. ^ Dr. Michael McDonald (March 25, 2013). "Turnout 1980-2012". George Mason University. Archived from the original on October 30, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
61. ^ https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?fips= 54&year= 1990&f= 0&off= 3&elect= 0&class= 2

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Dennis, Virginia M. (January 16, 1985). State of Delaware: Official Results of General Election 1984 (PDF). Delaware Department of Elections.
* Harper, Richard B. (March 27, 1991). State of Delaware: Official Results of General Election 1990 (PDF). Delaware Department of Elections.
* State Election Commission (1991). South Carolina Election Commission Annual Report 1990-1991. Columbia, South Carolina: The Commission. p. 91.

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*[Ref]: Reference
*[v]: View this template
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*[AK]: Alaska
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*[LA]: Louisiana