1990 in video games

Overview of the events of 1990 in video games

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1990 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, Dr. Mario, Dragon Quest IV, Final Fantasy III, Phantasy Star II, and Super Mario World, along with new titles such as Fire Emblem: Shadow Dragon and the Blade of Light and Magic Sword. The year's highest-grossing arcade video games were Final Fight in Japan and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles in the United States. The year's best‑selling system was the Game Boy, while the year's best-selling home video game was Super Mario Bros. 3 for the Nintendo Entertainment System.

## Financial performance

[edit]

### Highest-grossing arcade games

[edit]

#### Japan

[edit]

In Japan, the following titles were the top ten highest-grossing arcade video games of 1990.

Rank  | Gamest[1] | Game Machine[2][3]

|
|

Title  | Manufacturer  | Dedicated arcade cabinet | Software conversion kit
1  | Final Fight | Capcom | Super Monaco GP (deluxe)  | Tetris (Sega)
2  | Tetris | Sega | Final Lap | Final Fight
3  | Super Monaco GP | Sega  | Winning Run: Suzuka GP (deluxe)  | Tecmo World Cup '90
4  | Columns | Sega  | Special Criminal Investigation (S.C.I.)  | Columns
5  | Parodius Da! Shinwa kara Owarai e | Konami | Big Run | Adventure Quiz: Capcom World
6  | Raiden | Tecmo | Beast Busters | Super Formula: Chijou Saisoku no Battle
7  | Bloxeed | Sega  | Hard Drivin' | Volfied
8  | Final Lap | Namco | Out Run (deluxe)  | Adventure Quiz: Capcom World 2
9  | G-LOC: Air Battle | Sega  | Operation Thunderbolt | Parodius Da! Shinwa kara Owarai e
10  | Gradius III | Konami  | G-LOC: Air Battle (deluxe)  | M.V.P.

#### United Kingdom and Australia

[edit]

In the United Kingdom and Australia, the following titles were the top-grossing arcade video games of each month.

Month  | United Kingdom | Australia (Timezone)  | Ref

|
|
|

Dedicated cabinet  | Conversion kit
January  | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
Tecmo World Cup '90
Super Masters
Line of Fire | Un­known  | Un­known  | [4]
February
March
July  | Un­known  | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | Tecmo World Cup '90 | [5]
August  | Un­known  | Magic Sword | [6]

#### United States

[edit]

In the United States, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade video games of 1990.

Rank  | AMOA[7][8][9] | Play Meter

|
|

Dedicated arcade cabinet | Conversion kit  | Title  | Manufacturer
1  | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | Final Fight | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles[10] | Konami
2  | Super Off Road,
Turbo Outrun,
Mercs | Capcom Bowling,
Big Event Golf,
Cyber Police ESWAT,
Badlands | Un­known

5  | —

The following were the top-grossing arcade video games on the monthly RePlay arcade charts in 1990.

Month  | Title  | Type  | Points  | Ref

|
|
|
|

January  | Golden Axe | Software conversion kit  | 644  | [11]
February  | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | Dedicated cabinet  | 743  | [12]
March  | 850  | [13]
April  | 923  | [14]
May  | 922  | [15]
June  | 911  | [16]
July  | 933  | [17]
August  | 903  | [18]
September  | 868  | [19]
October  | 875  | [20]
November  | 857  | [21]
December  | 809  | [22]

#### Hong Kong

[edit]

In Hong Kong, these were the top-grossing arcade video games of each month on the Bondeal charts.

Month  | Dedicated arcade cabinet | Arcade conversion kit  | Ref

|
|
|

January  | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | Pang | Burning Force | Lady Frog | [23][24]
February  | Hard Drivin' | Big Run | Roulette | [24][25]
March  | Big Run | Hard Drivin' | Roulette | Crude Buster | [25][26]
April  | Hard Drivin' | Big Run | Final Fight | Crude Buster | [26]
May  | Big Run | Rough Ranger | [27]
June  | Big Run | Hard Drivin' | Alien Storm | Mustang | [27][28]
July  | Big Run | Lightning Fighters | Combatribes | Smash TV | [28][29]
August  | Hard Drivin' | Big Run | Smash TV | Magic Sword | [29][30]
September  | Big Run | Hard Drivin' | Magic Sword | Smash TV | [30][31]
October  | Big Run | Smash TV | Pit-Fighter | [31][32]
November  | Big Run | Hard Drivin' | Pit-Fighter | Hydra | Pit-Fighter | [32][33]
December  | Four Trax | Cisco Heat | Double Dragon 3 | Pit-Fighter | Super Pang | [33][34]

### Best-selling home systems

[edit]

Rank  | System(s)  | Manufacturer  | Type  | Generation  | Sales

|
|
|
|
|

Japan | USA | Europe | Korea | Worldwide
1  | Game Boy | Nintendo  | Handheld | 8-bit | 3,100,000[35] | 5,000,000[36] | Un­known  | Un­known  | 10,000,000[37]
2  | Nintendo Entertainment System | Nintendo | Console | 8-bit | 1,360,000[35] | 7,200,000[38] | < 655,000[39] | 80,000[40] | 8,640,000+
3  | IBM PC | IBM | Computer | 16-bit | —  | —  | —  | —  | 2,840,000[41]
4  | Sega Mega Drive / Genesis | Sega | Console  | 16-bit | 900,000[42] | 1,000,000[36] | 193,000[43] | 43,000[40] | 2,136,000+
5  | PC Engine / TurboGrafx-16 | NEC | Console  | 16-bit  | 1,300,000[42] | 450,000[44][45] | Un­known  | Un­known  | 1,750,000+
6  | Macintosh | Apple Inc. | Computer  | 16-bit  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 1,300,000[46]
7  | Master System | Sega  | Console  | 8-bit  | Un­known  | 300,000[47] | 725,000[43] | 180,000[40] | 1,205,000+
8  | NEC PC-88 / PC-98 | NEC  | Computer  | 8-bit / 16-bit | 1,100,000[48] | Un­known  | Un­known  | Un­known  | 1,100,000+
9  | Amiga | Commodore | Computer  | 16-bit  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 750,000[46]
10  | Commodore 64 (C64)  | Commodore  | Computer  | 8-bit | —  | —  | —  | —  | 700,000[46]

### Best-selling home video games

[edit]

#### Japan

[edit]

In Japan, according to Famicom Tsūshin (Famitsu) magazine, the following titles were the top ten best-selling 1990 releases, including later sales up until 1992.[49]

Rank  | Title  | Developer  | Publisher  | Genre  | Platform  | Sales

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | Super Mario World | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | Platformer | SFC | < 3,550,000[50]
2  | Dragon Quest IV: Michibikareshi Monotachi | Chunsoft | Enix | RPG | Famicom | 3,000,000[51]
3  | Final Fantasy III | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | RPG  | Famicom  | < 1,400,000[52]
4  | Dr. Mario | Nintendo R&D1 | Nintendo  | Puzzle | Famicom  | Un­known
5  | Game Boy
6  | Final Fight | Capcom | Capcom | Beat 'em up | SFC  | < 860,000[53]
7  | SD Gundam: SD Sengokuden | Bandai | Bandai | TBT | Game Boy  | Un­known
8  | F-Zero | Nintendo EAD  | Nintendo  | Racing | SFC
9  | SD Hero Sōkessen: Taose! Aku no Gundam | Interlink | Banpresto | Platformer  | Famicom
10  | Qix | Minakuchi | Nintendo  | Puzzle  | Game Boy

The following titles were the best-selling home video games on the Japan game charts published by Famicom Tsūshin (Famitsu) and Family Computer Magazine (Famimaga) in 1990.

Month  | Week 1  | Week 2  | Week 3  | Week 4  | Ref

|
|
|
|
|

January | Makai Toushi SaGa (Game Boy)  | [54]
February | Dragon Quest IV (Famicom)  | [54][55]
March | Dragon Quest IV (Famicom)  | Mōryō Senki Madara (FC)  | [54][56]
April | Dragon Quest IV (Famicom)  | Final Fantasy III (FC)  | [54][57]
May | Final Fantasy III (Famicom)  | Tetris (Game Boy) | [54][58]
June | Tetris (Game Boy) | Dragon Quest IV (Famicom)
July | Tetris (Game Boy) | Dr. Mario (Famicom)  | [54]
August | Dr. Mario (Famicom)  | [59][60]
September | Dr. Mario (Famicom)  | Famista (Game Boy)  | [60]
October | Un­known  | Dragon Ball Z: Kyôshū! Saiyan (FC)  | [54]
November | F1 Race (Game Boy)  | Super Mario World (Super Famicom)
December | Super Mario World (Super Famicom)  | Un­known

#### United States

[edit]

In the United States, Super Mario Bros. 3 was the best-selling home video game of 1990.[61][62] The following titles were the best-selling home video games of each month in 1990.

Month  | Standalone  | Bundle  | Sales  | Revenue

|
|
|
|

Weeks 1-2  | Weeks 3-4  | Nominal  | Inflation
January | Tetris (Game Boy / NES)[63] | Un­known  | Un­known  | Un­known
April | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES)[64] | Un­known  | Un­known  | 250,000+[65] | $12.5 million+[65] | $30 million\+
May  | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES)[66] | Tetris (Game Boy)[66] | Un­known  | Un­known  | Un­known
June | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES)[67] | Tetris (Game Boy)[67]
September | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES)[68] | Super Mario Bros./Duck Hunt (NES)[69]
November | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES)[70][71] | Un­known
December  | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES)[72] | Tetris (Game Boy)[72]
1990  | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES)[61][62] | 8,000,000[73][74] | $500 million[75] | $1,200 million

#### United Kingdom

[edit]

In the United Kingdom, the following titles were the best-selling home video games of each month in 1990, for various home computer and game console platforms.

Month  | Home computers | Master System | NES | Mega Drive | PC Engine | Ref

|
|
|
|
|
|

January | Chase H.Q. | California Games | Super Mario Bros. 2 | —  | —  | [76]
February | Paperboy | Un­known  | Un­known  | —  | —  | [77]
March | Un­known  | Un­known  | Ghouls 'n Ghosts | Chase H.Q. | [78]
April | Fantasy World Dizzy | Wonder Boy III | Un­known  | New Zealand Story | PC Kid | [79][80]
May | Un­known  | Un­known  | Final Blow | Atomic Robo Kid | [81]
June | Italy 1990 | Un­known  | Un­known  | Thunder Force III | Formation Soccer | [82]
July | Un­known  | Un­known  | Ghostbusters | Don Doko Don | [83]
August | Pro Boxing Simulator | Golden Axe | Super Mario Bros. 2 | Batman | Super Star Soldier | [84][85]
September | Shadow Warriors | Super Monaco GP | Devil Crash | [86][87]
October | Guardian Angel | Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles | Strider | Splatterhouse | [88][89]
November | Out Run | Devil Crash | [90][91]
December | Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles | Golden Axe | Aero Blasters | [92][93][94]

## Top-rated games

[edit]

### Major awards

[edit]

#### Japan

[edit]

Award  | 4th Gamest Awards
(Japan, December 1990)[95] | 5th Famitsu Best Hit Game Awards
(Japan, February 1991)[96]

|
|

Arcade | Console
Game of the Year  | Final Fight | Dragon Quest IV (Famicom)
Handheld Game of the Year  | —  | SaGa 2 (Game Boy)
Coin-Op Translation / Conversion  | —  | Gradius III (Super Famicom)
PC-to-Console Translation  | —  | Populous (Super Famicom)
Best Scenario / Story  | —  | Final Fantasy III (Famicom)
Best Graphics  | R-Type II | Castle of Illusion (Mega Drive)
Best BGM / Sound  | Gradius III | Dr. Mario
Best Album  | Darius II | —
Best Production  | Parodius! From Myth to Laughter | —
Special Award / Most Talk  | Neo Geo | Super Famicom
Best Game Company / Manufacturer  | Namco | —
Best Character / Character Design  | Mike Haggar (Final Fight)  | Yoshi (Super Mario World)
Best Action Game  | Final Fight | F-Zero (Super Famicom)
Best Shooting Game  | Parodius! From Myth to Laughter | Super Star Soldier (PCE)
Best RPG  | —  | Megami Tensei II (Famicom)
Dragon Quest IV (Famicom)
Best Action RPG  | —  | Ys II (Famicom)
Sorcerian (Mega Drive)
Best Adventure Game  | —  | Urusei Yatsura: Stay With You
(PCE)
Best Simulation / Strategy Game  | —  | Fire Emblem (Famicom)
Best Puzzle Game  | —  | Dr. Mario
Best Sports Game  | —  | Formation Soccer (PCE)

#### United Kingdom

[edit]

Award  | 8th Golden Joystick Awards
(United Kingdom, April 1991)[97]

|

8-bit computer  | 16-bit computer  | 8-bit console  | 16-bit console
Game of the Year  | Rick Dangerous 2 | Kick Off 2 | —  | —
Best Console Game  | —  | —  | Mega Man (NES)  | John Madden Football (MD)
PC Game of the Year  | Railroad Tycoon | —  | —
Best Coin-Op Conversion  | Rainbow Islands | Golden Axe | —  | —
Best Graphics  | Midnight Resistance | Shadow of the Beast 2 | —  | —
Best Soundtrack  | RoboCop 2 | Speedball 2 | —  | —
Hardware Manufacturer of the Year  | Sega
Software House of the Year  | Ocean Software | —  | —
Best Simulation  | F19 Stealth Fighter | —  | —

#### United States

[edit]

Award  | Electronic Gaming Monthly
(United States, October 1990)[98] | VideoGames & Computer Entertainment
(United States, February 1991)[99]

|
|

Console | Console | Computer
Game of the Year  | Strider (Sega Genesis)  | Phantasy Star II (Genesis)  | It Came from the Desert
Game of the Year (Nintendo)  | Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse (NES)  | —  | —
Game of the Year (TurboGrafx)  | Ninja Spirit (TurboGrafx-16)  | —  | —
Handheld Game of the Year  | Blue Lightning (Atari Lynx)  | —  | —
Coin-Op Translation / Conversion | —  | Columns (Genesis)  | N.Y. Warrior
Best Graphics | Strider (Sega Genesis)  | Phantasy Star II (Genesis)  | Mean Streets
Best BGM / Sound | Ys I & II (TurboGrafx-CD)  | Loom
Best System  | Sega Genesis | —  | —
Best New System  | TurboExpress | —  | —
Game Company / Manufacturer | Natsume, Sega, Capcom,
Konami, Nintendo | —  | —
Software House of the Year | —  | —
Best Sequel to an Existing Game  | Mega Man 3 | —  | —
Innovative Game / New Theme  | Bonk's Adventure | Super Glove Ball | DragonStrike
Best Action Game | —  | Bonk's Adventure (TG16)  | Prince of Persia
Best RPG | Ys I & II (TurboGrafx-CD)  | —  | —
Best Adventure Game | —  | Ys I & II (TG16)
Phantasy Star II (Genesis)  | Conquests of Camelot
Best Simulation Game | —  | Devil's Crush (TG16)  | LHX Attack Chopper
Best Strategy Game | —  | Populous (Genesis)  | Spot: The Video Game
Best Military-Strategy Game | —  | Herzog Zwei (Genesis)
Military Madness (TG16)  | Battles of Napoleon
Best Action-Strategy Game  | —  | Klax | Pipe Dream
Best Sports Game | Super Monaco GP (Sega Genesis)  | TV Sports: Football (TG16)  | TV Sports: Basketball
Best Sports Simulation  | —  | —  | PGA Tour Golf
Best Board Game  | —  | —  | Clue: Master Detective
Best Science-Fiction Game | —  | Whip Rush (Genesis)  | Star Control
Most Challenging Video Game  | Phantasy Star II (Sega Genesis)  | —  | —
Best Peripheral of the Year  | Game Genie | —  | —
Best Movie to Game  | Gremlins 2: The New Batch | —  | —
Best Ending in a Game  | Ninja Gaiden II: The Dark Sword of Chaos | —  | —

### Critically acclaimed titles

[edit]

#### Famitsu Platinum Hall of Fame

[edit]

The following video game releases in 1990 entered Famitsu magazine's "Platinum Hall of Fame" for receiving Famitsu scores of at least 35 out of 40.[100]

Title  | Platform  | Score (out of 40)  | Developer  | Publisher  | Genre

|
|
|
|
|

Dragon Quest IV: Michibikareshi Monotachi | Family Computer | 37  | Chunsoft | Enix | Role-playing
F-Zero | Super Famicom | 37  | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | Racing
Final Fantasy III | Family Computer | 36  | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing

#### English-language publications

[edit]

Notable video game releases in 1990 that have accumulated overall critical acclaim from at least three contemporary English-language sources include:

Title | Genre | Publisher | Platform  | Source(s)

|
|
|
|

Air Inferno | Combat flight simulator | Taito | Arcade | [101]
Alex Kidd in Shinobi World | Hack & slash | Sega | Master System | [102][103][104][105][106]
Aliens | Run & gun shooter | Konami | Arcade | [101]
Alien Storm | Action | Sega
Buster Bros. (Pang)  | Action | Mitchell
Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse | Platformer | Sega | Sega Mega Drive/Genesis | [107][108][109][110][111]
G-LOC: Air Battle | Combat flight simulator | Sega | Arcade | [101]
Golden Axe | Beat 'em up | Sega | Master System | [112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120]
Virgin Games | Amiga | [121]
GP Rider | Motorbike racing | Sega | Arcade | [101]
John Madden Football | Sports | Electronic Arts | Sega Mega Drive/Genesis | [122][123][124][125][126][127]
Klax | Puzzle | Atari Games | Arcade | [101]
Mercs | Run & gun shooter | Capcom
Michael Jackson's Moonwalker | Action | Sega
Out Zone | Run & gun shooter | Toaplan
Quarth (Block Hole)  | Puzzle-shooter | Konami
Railroad Tycoon | Business simulation | MicroProse | DOS | [128][129][130][131][132][133]
SimCity | City-building | Maxis | Atari ST | [134][135][136][137]
Smash TV | Multi-directional shooter | Williams Electronics | Arcade | [101]
Strider | Hack & slash | Sega | Sega Mega Drive/Genesis | [138][139][140][141]
Super Mario Bros. 3 | Platformer | Nintendo | NES | [142][143][144][145][146]
Super Mario World | Platformer | Nintendo | SNES | [147][148][149][150][151]
The Secret of Monkey Island | Graphic adventure | Lucasfilm Games | DOS | [152][153][154][155][156][157]
Two Crude (Crude Busters)  | Beat 'em up | Data East | Arcade | [101]

## Events

[edit]

* The Consumer Electronics Show (CES) is held at the Las Vegas Convention Center in January. NEC and Sega respectively unveil prototypes for the TurboExpress and Game Gear handheld consoles, while more than 35 titles are announced for the Game Boy. Codemasters reveals an audio CD player compatible with the NES manufactured by Samsung and to be distributed by Camerica in the summer. Camerica also reveals the "Power Pak", later known as the Game Genie. Sega announces that 20 third-party titles would be released for the Sega Genesis by the end of 1990, as well as the continued development for Master System games.[158]
* David Pomije establishes the first FuncoLand location in New Hope, Minnesota in August.[159][160]
* August – Publication of Swedish language video game magazine Nintendomagasinet begins.
* March 8 – the Nintendo World Championships begins.
* Nintendo v. Color Dreams lawsuit: Nintendo sues Color Dreams over unlicensed production of Nintendo video games.
* Toy Headquarters merges with Trinity Acquisition Corporation forming THQ.
* New companies: Eidos, Interactive Studios, Team17, Revolution Software
* Defunct: Tynesoft

## Hardware releases

[edit]

Sega Game Gear

* Camerica releases Codemasters' Game Genie adapter in Canada and the UK (In the US, it was released by Galoob).
* NEC releases the TurboExpress handheld console.
* Nintendo releases the Super Famicom 16-bit console in Japan.
* SNK releases the Neo Geo Advanced Entertainment System (AES) home console.
* September 28 – Nintendo releases the Game Boy across Europe. It became a huge success and a wide phenomenon over the continent, particularly in Germany and the UK.
* October 6 – Sega's Game Gear color handheld is released in Japan. It is launched in North America in 1991 and Europe and Australia in 1992.
* November 30 – Sega's Mega Drive released in Europe.
* Amstrad halts production of the ZX Spectrum, ending that platform's 8-year dominance of the UK home computer market.
* Amstrad introduces its only console, the Amstrad GX4000, which fails to garner interest and is discontinued the following year.

## Game releases

[edit]

* Bonk's Adventure is released for NEC's TurboGrafx-16 and is the first US appearance of Bonk, the mascot of the TurboGrafx-16.
* Namco releases Kyuukai Douchuuki, World Stadium '90, Final Lap 2, Pistol Daimyo no Bouken, which is a spin-off from Berabow Man, Souko Ban Deluxe, Dragon Saber, Rolling Thunder 2, Steel Gunner and Golly! Ghost!.
* February 12 – Nintendo releases the NES game Super Mario Bros. 3 in North America. It sells 17.28 million copies, making it one of the best-selling stand-alone video games of all time.
* April – Konami releases Snake's Revenge, a sequel to Metal Gear for the Nintendo Entertainment System in North America, developed without the involvement of Hideo Kojima.
* April – Williams releases Smash TV in arcades, a twin-stick shooter about an ultra-violent game show.
* April 20 – Nintendo releases Fire Emblem: Shadow Dragon and the Blade of Light in Japan, innovating the tactical role-playing genre.
* June 1 – Origin releases Ultima VI: The False Prophet
* July 12 – Nintendo of America publishes Final Fantasy for the Nintendo Entertainment System in North America. This game started Square's popular and long-running Final Fantasy series.
* July 20 – Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake for the MSX2 computer, is released exclusively in Japan. It is Konami's last major game for the hardware.
* July 27– Nintendo releases Dr. Mario for 3 Nintendo platforms.
* August – Pit Fighter from Atari Games introduces digitized sprites to arcade fighting games.
* September – Broderbund releases a port of Prince of Persia for the MS-DOS computers.
* September 26 – Origin releases the first Wing Commander game.
* September 28 – Capcom releases Mega Man 3 for NES in Japan, introducing the characters Rush and Proto Man, Mega Man's slide is introduced, and Capcom's character cameos.
* November 9 – Sierra On-Line releases King's Quest V.
* October 15 – LucasArts releases The Secret of Monkey Island
* November 1 – Mega Man 3 is released in the US.
* November 21 – Nintendo releases Super Mario World and F-Zero in Japan as launch titles for the Super Famicom. Super Mario World introduced Yoshi and F-Zero introduced Captain Falcon.
* December 14 – Commander Keen is released as shareware, the first major platformer on a PC.
* Sega releases the G-LOC: Air Battle R-360 arcade game, featuring the first 3D – 360° gameplay that physically rotated the real world player.
* Sid Meier's Railroad Tycoon, the first of the "Tycoon" games, is released by MicroProse.
* Infogrames releases Alpha Waves, the first 3D platform game.[161]
* Mindscape publishes Captive.
* Konami releases Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles The Arcade Game, on the Nintendo Entertainment System.

## See also

[edit]

* 1990 in games

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "第４回ゲーメスト大賞 〜 インカム部門ベスト10" [4th Gamest Awards – Income Category: Best 10]. Gamest (in Japanese). Vol. 54 (February 1991). December 27, 1990. pp. 6–24 (24). alternate url
2. ^ "Overseas Readers Column: Videos of The Year 1990" (PDF). Game Machine. No. 396\. Amusement Press, Inc. February 1, 1991. p. 22.
3. ^ "Japan's Award Winners". RePlay. Vol. 16, no. 6\. March 1991. p. 206.
4. ^ Openshaw, Mary (March 1990). "ATEI '90: major international show rings in new year with good spread of new products". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 6\. pp. 126–32.
5. ^ "Test Reports". Leisure Line. Australia: Leisure & Allied Industries. August 1990. p. 43.
6. ^ "Test Reports". Leisure Line. Australia: Leisure & Allied Industries. September 1990. p. 38.
7. ^ "Boffo at the Banquet! Coin-biz & music stars take the stage at AMOA's big nifhgt in New Orleans". RePlay. Vol. 16, no. 3\. December 1990. pp. 88–9.
8. ^ "AMOA 1989-90 Award Winners Announced" (PDF). Cash Box. November 10, 1990.
9. ^ "AMOA 1990 Nominees—New Categories Announced" (PDF). Cash Box. August 18, 1990.
10. ^ "1990". Play Meter. Vol. 20, no. 13\. December 1994. p. 84.
11. ^ "RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 4\. January 1990. p. 4.
12. ^ "RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 5\. February 1990. p. 4.
13. ^ "RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 6\. March 1990. p. 4.
14. ^ "RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 7\. April 1990. p. 4.
15. ^ "RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 8\. May 1990. p. 4.
16. ^ "RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 9\. June 1990. p. 4.
17. ^ "RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 10\. July 1990. p. 4\. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
18. ^ "RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 11\. August 1990. p. 4.
19. ^ "RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 12\. September 1990. p. 4.
20. ^ "RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. Vol. 16, no. 1\. October 1990. p. 4.
21. ^ "RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. Vol. 16, no. 2\. November 1990. p. 4.
22. ^ "RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. Vol. 16, no. 3\. December 1990. p. 4.
23. ^ "The Bondeal Chart". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 5\. February 1990. p. 90.
24. ^ a b "The Bondeal Chart". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 6\. March 1990. p. 138.
25. ^ a b "The Bondeal Chart". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 7\. RePlay Publishing. April 1990. p. 185.
26. ^ a b "The Bondeal Chart". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 8\. RePlay Publishing. May 1990. p. 145.
27. ^ a b "The Bondeal Chart". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 10\. July 1990. p. 143.
28. ^ a b "The Bondeal Chart". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 11\. August 1990. p. 53.
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History of video games

* v
* t
* e

Chronology of video games

Early history|

* 1947–1972

1970s|

* 1970
* 1971
* 1972
* 1973
* 1974
* 1975
* 1976
* 1977
* 1978
* 1979

1980s|

* 1980
* 1981
* 1982
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1989

1990s|

* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999

2000s|

* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009

2010s|

* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019

2020s|

* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025
* In development

* v
* t
* e

Video game history by platform

By platform|

* Early mainframe games
* History of arcade video games
* Golden age
* Timeline
* History of video game consoles
* Crash of 1983
* Console war
* History of mobile games

By console generation|

* First (1972–1980)
* Second (1976–1992)
* Third (1983–2003)
* Fourth (1987–2003)
* Fifth (1993–2005)
* Sixth (1998–2013)
* Seventh (2005–2017)
* Eighth (2012–)
* Ninth (2020–)

* v
* t
* e

Video game genres

* List of video game genres

Action|

| Platformer|

* Endless runner
* Platform fighter

|

Shooter|

* Arena
* First-person
* Hero
* Light gun
* Shoot 'em up
* Bullet hell
* Rail
* Twin-stick
* Tactical
* Third-person

Survival|

* Battle royale
* Survival horror

Other|

* Beat 'em up
* Hack and slash
* Fighting
* Platform fighter
* Maze
* Pac-Man clone
* Snake
* Stealth

Action-adventure|

* Grand Theft Auto clone
* Metroidvania

Adventure|

* Escape room
* Graphic adventure
* Interactive fiction
* Interactive film
* Visual novel
* Walking sim

Digital tabletop|

* Deck-building
* Roguelike deck-building
* Digital collectible card

Puzzle|

* Hidden object
* Sokoban
* Tile-matching

Role-playing|

* Action role-playing
* Looter shooter
* Soulslike
* Dungeon crawl
* MMORPG
* Monster-taming
* Roguelike
* Roguelike deck-building
* Tactical role-playing
* Turn-based role-playing

Simulation|

| Life|

* Dating
* Farming
* God
* Social
* Virtual pet

|

CMS|

* Business
* City-building
* Government

Sports|

* Fishing
* Racing
* Kart racing
* Sim racing

Vehicle|

* Flight simulation
* Combat
* Lunar Lander
* Space
* Submarine simulator
* Train simulator
* Vehicular combat

Other|

* Falling-sand
* Immersive sim

Strategy|

* 4X
* Auto battler
* MOBA
* Real-time strategy
* Time management
* Real-time tactics
* Tactical role-playing
* Tower defense
* Turn-based strategy
* Turn-based tactics
* Artillery
* Wargame
* Grand strategy

Other genres|

* Cozy
* Fitness
* Horror
* Survival horror
* Incremental
* Music
* Rhythm
* Non-game
* Party
* Photography
* Programming
* Typing

Related concepts|

| Themes|

* Advergame
* Bishōjo
* Christian
* Comedy
* Educational
* Girls
* Licensed
* Otome
* Sexual
* Eroge
* Nonviolent
* Personalized
* Sci-fi
* Serious
* Art
* Climate change
* News

|

Player modes|

* Multiplayer
* Co-op
* PVP
* Single-player

Production|

* AAA
* Indie
* Doujin soft
* Fan game

Design|

* Casual
* Hypercasual
* Emergent gameplay
* FMV
* Gacha
* Kaizo
* Masocore
* Nonlinear gameplay
* Open world
* Sandbox
* Side-scrolling
* Twitch gameplay
* Vertically scrolling

Other|

* Minigame
* Toys-to-life
* Video game clone
* Video game modding
* Video game remake

* v
* t
* e

Video games by country

Africa|

* Ghana
* Kenya
* Nigeria
* South Africa

Americas|

* Latin America
* Brazil
* Colombia
* Canada
* United States

Asia|

* Bangladesh
* China
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Japan
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Malaysia
* Philippines
* Russia
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Turkey

Europe|

* Belgium
* Czech Republic
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Ireland
* Italy
* Lithuania
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Russia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

Oceania|

* Australia
* New Zealand

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[Ref]: Reference(s)