1991 SEA Games

Multi-sport event in Manila, Philippines

16th Southeast Asian Games

Host city| Manila, Philippines
Motto| "Nine Nations, Under an Asian Sun"
Nations| 9
Events| 28 sports
Opening| 24 November 1991
Closing| 5 December 1991
Opened by| Corazon Aquino
President of the Philippines
Torch lighter| Carlos Loyzaga
Lydia de Vega
Gerard Cantada
Ceremony venue| Rizal Memorial Stadium

<- Kuala Lumpur 1989

Singapore 1993 ->

The 1991 Southeast Asian Games, officially known as the 16th Southeast Asian Games, were a multi-sport event held in Manila, the Philippines, from 24 November to 5 December 1991, with 28 sports featured in the games. This was the second time that the country hosted the games and its first since 1981. It was officially opened by President Corazon Aquino at the Rizal Memorial Stadium in Manila through a colorful opening ceremony. It was the only SEA Games at that time where the overall championship was heavily contested. The deciding medal came from the last sporting event - women's marathon where Indonesia got the gold medal.[1][2]

Four sports (archery, canoeing, sailing, and triathlon) were held in venues in Subic Bay.[3]

Fourteen years after the 1991 SEA Games, the country hosted the 2005 SEA Games. Another 14 years later, the Philippines hosted the 2019 SEA Games, which is the first that the event took place in the whole country.

The logo of 1991 Southeast Asian Games was designed by Ernesto A. Calaguas. The mascot for the Games is a colorful fowl called Kiko Labuyo.[4]

## The games

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### Participating nations

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* Brunei
* Indonesia
* Laos
* Malaysia
* Myanmar
* Philippines (Host)
* Singapore
* Thailand
* Vietnam

### Sports

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* Aquatics (details)
* Archery (details)
* Athletics (details)
* Badminton (details)
* Basketball (details)
* Billiards and snooker (details)
* Bodybuilding (details)
* Bowling (details)
* Boxing (details)
* Cycling (details)
* Fencing (details)
* Football (details)
* Golf (details)
* Gymnastics (details)
* Judo (details)
* Karate (details)
* Rowing (details)
* Sailing (details)
* Sepak takraw (details)
* Shooting (details)
* Softball (details)
* Squash (details)
* Table tennis (details)
* Taekwondo (details)
* Tennis (details)
* Volleyball (details)
* Weightlifting (details)
* Wushu (details)

## Medal table

[edit]

[5]

Key

* Host nation (Philippines)

Rank| Nation| Gold| Silver| Bronze| Total

|
|
|
|
|

1|  Indonesia (INA)| 92| 87| 67| 246
2|  Philippines (PHI)*| 91| 62| 86| 239
3|  Thailand (THA)| 72| 80| 69| 221
4|  Malaysia (MAS)| 36| 38| 66| 140
5|  Singapore (SIN)| 18| 32| 45| 95
6|  Myanmar (MYA)| 12| 16| 29| 57
7|  Vietnam (VIE)| 7| 12| 10| 29
8|  Brunei (BRU)| 0| 0| 8| 8
9|  Laos (LAO)| 0| 0| 0| 0
Totals (9 entries)| 328| 327| 380| 1,035

## Concerns and controversies

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1991 Southeast Asian Games

Reduction of gold medals

The Philippines should have tallied a total of 91 gold medals, but one of the gold medals from boxing was proclaimed unofficial. The said gold medal should have been fought by a Filipino boxer against a Thai boxer, but the latter was found positive in the doping tests. The gold medal was, at first, given to the Philippines, but after a few days, the SEAG Organizing Committee declared that there will be no gold and silver medalists for the said event in boxing because there was no battle fought.[citation needed]

## Main official host television broadcasting

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Country  | Official broadcasters  | Television broadcast

|
|

Brunei | Radio Television Brunei | RTB 5
RTB 8
Indonesia | Televisi Republik Indonesia | TVRI
Malaysia | Radio Televisyen Malaysia | RTM TV1
Philippines | ABS-CBN
People's Television Network
Radio Philippines Network
Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation | ABS-CBN 2
PTV 4
New Vision 9
Islands TV 13
Singapore | Singapore Broadcasting Corporation | SBC 12
Thailand | Television Pool of Thailand
Vietnam | Vietnam Television | VTV1

## See also

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* 2005 SEA Games
* 2019 SEA Games

## References

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1. ^ Philippine Daily Inquirer December 1992 University of the Philippines Main Library: Microfilm Section
2. ^ Percy Seneviratne (1993) Golden Moments: the S.E.A Games 1959-1991 Dominie Press, Singapore ISBN 981-00-4597-2
3. ^ Empeño, Henry (5 July 2019). "SBMA sets P133.5-million upgrade of Subic SEA Games venues". BusinessMirror. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
4. ^ Castro, Glenda Marie (26 November 2019). "TIMELINE: Philippines as host country in previous SEA Games". Rappler. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
5. ^ "1991 Southeast Asian Games medal table". Olympic Council of Asia. Archived from the original on 28 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1991 Southeast Asian Games.

* History of the SEA Games
* "1991 Southeast Asian Games medal table". Olympic Council of Asia. Archived from the original on 28 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.

Preceded by

Kuala Lumpur

|  Southeast Asian Games
Manila
XVI Southeast Asian Games (1991)  | Succeeded by

Singapore

|
|

* v
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SEA Games1

* Host cities
* Mascots
* Medalists
* Sports

Games|

* 1959 Bangkok
* 1961 Yangon
* 1963 Phnom Penh2
* 1965 Kuala Lumpur
* 1967 Bangkok
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* 1973 Singapore
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* 2015 Singapore
* 2017 Kuala Lumpur
* 2019 Multiple cities, Philippines
* 2021 Hanoi3
* 2023 Phnom Penh
* 2025 Bangkok–Chonburi–Songkhla

1 Formerly known as Southeast Asian Peninsular Games from 1959 until 1975. 2 Cancelled due to hosting issues and due to the Vietnam War. 3 Postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

* ASEAN Para Games

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Corazon Aquino

* 11th President of the Philippines (1986–1992)

Presidency|

* EDSA Revolution
* 1986–1987 provisional government
* Coup attempts
* November 1986
* January 1987
* April 1987
* August 1987
* 1989
* March 1990
* October 1990

| Policies
and legislation|

* 1987 Constitution
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* Family Code of 1987
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* Administrative Code of 1987
* Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
* Creation of Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
* Creation of Cordillera Administrative Region
* Citizen Armed Force Geographical Unit
* DILG Act of 1990

|

Speeches|

* State of the Nation Address

Elections|

* 1986 snap elections
* 1992 presidential election

Family|

* Ninoy Aquino (husband)
* Benigno Aquino III (son)
* Kris Aquino (daughter)
* Bimby Aquino Yap (grandson)
* José Cojuangco Sr. (father)
* Juan Sumulong (grandfather)
* Eduardo Cojuangco Jr. (cousin)
* Jose Cojuangco Jr. (brother)
* Josephine C. Reyes (sister)
* Mark Cojuangco (nephew)
* Mikee Cojuangco-Jaworski (niece)
* Cojuangco (clan)

Life and legacy|

* Aquino Center and Museum
* Death and memorial service

Related|

* 8th Congress
* PDP–Laban
* UNIDO
* Marcos Japanese ODA scandal
* Laban sign
* The Last Journey of Ninoy
* Maalaala Mo Kaya: The Ninoy and Cory Aquino Story ("Kalapati"
* "Makinilya")
* Domestic incidents
* Mendiola massacre
* Camp Cawa-Cawa siege
* Vizconde massacre
* Hultman–Chapman double-murder case
* Natural disasters
* Peggy (Gading)
* PR 206 crash
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* Sinking of MV Doña Paz
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* Skip (Yoning)
* Gordon (Goring)
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* Elsie (Tasing)
* 1990 Luzon earthquake
* Mike (Ruping)
* 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption
* Yunya (Diding)
* Thelma (Uring)

* ← Ferdinand Marcos
* Fidel V. Ramos →

* ← Fernando Lopez
* Salvador Laurel
* Joseph Estrada →

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