1991 in spaceflight (January–June)

This is a list of spaceflights launched between January and June 1991. For launches between July and December, see 1991 in spaceflight (July–December). For an overview of the whole year, see 1991 in spaceflight.

## Orbital launches

[edit]

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

Date and time (UTC)  | Rocket | Flight number  | Launch site | LSP

|
|
|
|

| Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)  | Operator  | Orbit | Function  | Decay (UTC)  | Outcome
Remarks

### January

[edit]

8 January
00:53:01  |  Delta II (7925)  |  |  Cape Canaveral SLC-17B |  McDonnell Douglas
NATO-4A | NATO | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Successful
14 January
14:50:27  |  Soyuz-U2 |  |  Baikonur Site 1/5 |  RVSN
Progress M-6 | MOM | Low Earth, docked to Mir | Resupply Mir | 15 March 1991 | Successful
15 January
23:10:49  |  Ariane 4 (44L)  |  |  Kourou ELA-2 |  Arianespace
Italsat 1 | ASI | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Eutelsat 2F2 | Eutelsat | Geostationary  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
17 January
10:30  |  Soyuz-U |  |  Plesetsk Site 16/2 |  RVSN
Kosmos 2121 (Zenit-8)  | MOM  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | 10 February 1991 | Successful
18 January
11:34  |  Tsyklon-2 |  |  Baikonur  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2122 (US-P)  | MO SSSR | Low Earth  | Naval Reconnaissance | 28 March 1993 | Successful
29 January
11:59:58  |  Kosmos-3M |  |  Plesetsk Site 133/3 |  RVSN
Informator-1 | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful

### February

[edit]

5 February
02:36  |  Kosmos-3M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 133/3  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2123 (Tsikada)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Navigation | In orbit | Successful
7 February
18:15  |  Soyuz-U  |  |  Plesetsk Site 16  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2124 (Yantar-4K2)  | MOM  | Low Earth  |  | 7 April 1991 | Successful
12 February
02:44  |  Kosmos-3M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 133/3  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2125 (Strela-1M)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2126 (Strela-1M)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2127 (Strela-1M)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2128 (Strela-1M)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2129 (Strela-1M)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2130 (Strela-1M)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2131 (Strela-1M)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2132 (Strela-1M)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
14 February
08:31:56  |  Proton-K / DM-2 |  |  Baikonur Site 200/39 |  RVSN
Kosmos 2133 (Prognoz)  | MOM  | Geosynchronous  | Missile defence | In orbit | Successful
15 February
09:30  |  Soyuz-U  |  |  Baikonur  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2134 (Yantar-1KFT)  | MOM  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | 1 April 1991 | Successful
15 February
15:19  |  Molniya-M |  |  Plesetsk Site 43/3 |  RVSN
Molniya-1-80 | MOM  | Molniya | Communication | In orbit | Successful
26 February
04:53:06  |  Kosmos-3M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 133/3  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2135 (Parus)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Navigation | In orbit | Successful
28 February
05:30:00  |  Proton-K / DM-2  |  |  Baikonur Site 81/23 |  RVSN
| MOM  | Geostationary  | Communication | In orbit | Successful

### March

[edit]

2 March
23:36:00  |  Ariane 4 (44LP)  |  |  Kourou ELA-2  |  Arianespace
Astra 1B | SES Astra | Geosynchronous  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Meteosat 5 | ESA / EUMETSAT | Geosynchronous  | Weather | In orbit | Successful
6 March
15:30  |  Soyuz-U  |  |  Plesetsk Site 16  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2136 (Zenit-8)  | MOM  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | 20 March 1991 | Successful
8 March
12:03  |  Titan IVA (403A)  |  |  Vandenberg SLC-4E |  US Air Force
USA-69 (Lacrosse-2)  | NRO | Low Earth  | Radar Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful
First Titan IV launch from Vandenberg AFB
Was one of the oldest operational reconnaissance satellite till 2008.
8 March
23:03  |  Delta II (6925)  |  |  Cape Canaveral SLC-17B  |  McDonnell Douglas
Inmarsat 2F2 | Inmarsat | Geosynchronous  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
12 March
19:29:04  |  Kosmos-3M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 133/3  |  RVSN
Nadezhda-3 | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Navigation | In orbit | Successful
19 March
13:05:15  |  Soyuz-U2  |  |  Baikonur Site 1/5  |  RVSN
Progress M-7 | MOM  | Low Earth, docked to Mir | Resupply Mir | 7 May 1991 | Successful
19 March
14:30  |  Kosmos-3M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 132/1 |  RVSN
Kosmos 2137 (Taifun-1)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Radar calibration | 3 April 1995 | Successful
22 March
12:19:59  |  Molniya-M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 43/4  |  RVSN
Molniya-3-55L  | MOM  | Molniya  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
26 March
13:45  |  Soyuz-U  |  |  Plesetsk Site 16  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2138 (Yantar-4K2)  | MOM  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | 24 May 1991 | Successful
31 March
15:12:00  |  Proton-K  |  |  Baikonur Site 200/40  |  RVSN
Almaz-1 | MOM  | Low Earth  | Radar reconnaissance | 17 October 1992 | Successful

### April

[edit]

4 April
10:47:12  |  Proton-K / DM-2  |  |  Baikonur Site 200/39  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2139 (GLONASS)  | MOM  | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2140 (GLONASS)  | MOM  | Medium Earth  | Navigation | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2141 (GLONASS)  | MOM  | Medium Earth  | Navigation | In orbit | Successful
4 April
23:33:00  |  Ariane 4 (44P)  |  |  Kourou ELA-2  |  Arianespace
Anik E2 | Telesat | Geosynchronous  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
5 April
14:22:45  |  Space Shuttle Atlantis |  |  Kennedy LC-39B |  United Space Alliance
STS-37 | NASA  | Low Earth  | Manned orbital flight | 11 April 1991 | Successful
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO)  | NASA  | Low Earth  | Gamma ray astronomy | 4 June 2000 | Successful
13 April
00:09  |  Delta II (7925)  |  |  Cape Canaveral SLC-17B  |  McDonnell Douglas
Spacenet 4 | GE Americom | Geostationary  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
16 April
07:21:42  |  Kosmos-3M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 132/1  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2142 (Parus)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Navigation | In orbit | Successful
18 April
23:30  |  Atlas I |  |  Cape Canaveral LC-36B | General Dynamics
Yuri 3H | General Dynamics | Intended: Geosynchronous  | Communication | T+361 seconds | Failure
Destroyed by RSO after upper stage turbopump malfunction
Apogee: 175 kilometres (109 mi)
24 April
01:37:00  |  Tsyklon-3 |  |  Plesetsk  |  RVSN
Meteor-3-4 | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Weather | In orbit | Successful
28 April
11:33:14  |  Space Shuttle Discovery |  |  Kennedy LC-39A |  United Space Alliance
STS-39 | NASA  | Low Earth  | Manned orbital flight | 6 May 1991 | Successful
IBSS-SPAS (SPAS 02)  | SDIO | Low Earth  | Missile defence experiments | 6 May 1991 | Successful
USA-70 (MPEC)  | DARPA | Low Earth  | Technology | 13 May 1991 | Successful
CRO-C | SDIO  | Low Earth  | Chemical release | 14 May 1991 | Successful
CRO-B | SDIO  | Low Earth  | Chemical release | 12 May 1991 | Successful
CRO-A | SDIO  | Low Earth  | Chemical release | 13 May 1991 | Successful

### May

[edit]

14 May
15:52:03  |  Atlas-E |  |  Vandenberg SLC-3W |  US Air Force
NOAA-12 | NOAA | Low Earth (SSO)  | Weather | In orbit | Successful
16 May
21:40  |  Tsyklon-3  |  |  Plesetsk  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2143 (Strela-3)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2144 (Strela-3)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2145 (Strela-3)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2146 (Strela-3)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2147 (Strela-3)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
Kosmos 2148 (Strela-3)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
18 May
12:50:28  |  Soyuz-U2  |  |  Baikonur Site 1/5  |  RVSN
Soyuz TM-12 | MOM  | Low Earth, docked to Mir  | Manned orbital flight | 10 October 1991 | Successful
21 May
09:00:00  |  Soyuz-U  |  |  Plesetsk Site 43/4  |  RVSN
Resurs-F-10 | MOM  | Low Earth  | Remote sensing | 20 June 1991 | Successful
24 May
15:29  |  Soyuz-U  |  |  Plesetsk Site 43/3  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2149 (Yantar-4K2)  | MOM  | Low Earth  | Reconnaissance | 4 July 1991 | Successful
29 May
22:55  |  Delta II (7925)  |  |  Cape Canaveral SLC-17B  |  McDonnell Douglas
Aurora 2 | GE Alascom | Geostationary  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
30 May
08:04:03  |  Soyuz-U2  |  |  Baikonur Site 1/5  |  RVSN
Progress M-8 | MOM  | Low Earth, docked to Mir  | Resupply Mir | 16 August 1991 | Successful

### June

[edit]

4 June
08:10:00  |  Tsyklon-3  |  |  Plesetsk Site 32/2 |  RVSN
Okean-3 | MOM  | Low Earth  | Oceanography | In orbit | Successful
5 June
13:24:51  |  Space Shuttle Columbia |  |  Kennedy LC-39B  |  United Space Alliance
STS-40 | NASA  | Low Earth  | Manned orbital flight | 14 June 1991 | Successful
SLS-1 (Spacelab) | ESA / NASA | Low Earth  | Biological research | In orbit | Successful
11 June
05:41  |  Kosmos-3M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 133/3  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2150 (Strela-2M)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
13 June
15:41  |  Tsyklon-3  |  |  Plesetsk  |  RVSN
Kosmos 2151 (Tselina-R)  | MO SSSR  | Low Earth  | ELINT | In orbit | Successful
18 June
09:09  |  Molniya-M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 43/4  |  RVSN
Molniya-1-81  | MOM  | Molniya  | Communication | In orbit | Successful
25 June |  Kosmos-3M  |  |  Plesetsk Site 132/1  |  RVSN
Taifun-2-28 | MO SSSR  | Intended: Low Earth  | Radar calibration | 25 June 1991 | Failure
Second stage malfunction
28 June
08:09:59  |  Soyuz-U  |  |  Plesetsk Site 43/3  |  RVSN
Resurs-F-11  | MOM  | Low Earth  | Remote sensing | 21 July 1991 | Successful
29 June
14:00  |  Scout G-1 |  |  Vandenberg SLC-5 | NASA
REX-1 (P89-1A / ISES)  | US Air Force / STP | Low Earth (Polar)  | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Successful

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

## Suborbital launches

[edit]

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

Date and time (UTC)  | Rocket | Flight number  | Launch site | LSP

|
|
|
|

| Payload | Operator  | Orbit | Function  | Decay (UTC)  | Outcome
Remarks

### January-March

[edit]

17 January |  Al Hussein |  |  Iraq |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF | Sub-orbital | Attack Israel | 17 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
19 January |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | 19 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | 19 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | 19 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
20 January
18:43  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 20 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 20 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January
08:29  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 21 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 21 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January
09:42  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 21 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 21 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 21 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 21 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January
19:18  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Al Jubayl | 21 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January
00:41  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 22 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 22 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 22 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Aimed at US Air Force base, intercepted by Patriot ABM, warhead fell on a civilian

neighbourhood.

22 January
04:10  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 22 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 22 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 22 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Aimed at US Air Force base. Intercepted by Patriot ABM, but still hit target.
22 January |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | 22 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January |  Zhinui 3  |  |  Haikou Space Centre, Hainan |  CALT
| CALT | Sub-orbital  | Test flight | 22 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi)
23 January
19:54  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 23 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 23 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 23 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 23 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | 23 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
25 January
19:23  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 25 January 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 25 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Aimed at Coalition headquarters, intercepted by Patriot ABM, hit Saudi Department of Interior.
25 January |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | 25 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 January
00:28  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 26 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 January
06:25  |  Black Brant IX |  |  White Sands LC-36  |  NASA
| NASA / JHU | Sub-orbital  | Ultraviolet Astronomy | 26 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
26 January
19:46  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 26 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 January |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | 26 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
28 January
17:55  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 28 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Aimed at downtown Riyadh, intercepted by Patriot ABM, debris damaged a farm.
28 January
18:24:24  |  ERIS |  |  Meck Island, Kwajalein Atoll |  US Air Force
ERIS | US Air Force | Sub-orbital  | Interceptor test | 28 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 270 kilometres (170 mi)
Intercepted Aries rocket
28 January
18:03:00  |  Minuteman IB |  |  Vandenberg LF-03 |  US Air Force
| US Air Force  | Sub-orbital  | Target | 28 January 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
2 February, 21:41 |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 2 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
2 February |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | 2 February 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | 2 February 1991 | Successful
6 February
07:29  |  LCLV |  |  Wallops Island |  Orbital Sciences
| NRL | Sub-orbital  | Plasma research | 6 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 510 kilometres (320 mi)
6 February
17:30  |  MR-12 |  |  Kapustin Yar |  MO SSSR
| MO SSSR  | Sub-orbital  | Plasma research | 6 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi)
7 February
08:15  |  RT-2PM Topol |  |  Plesetsk  |  RVSN
| RVSN  | Sub-orbital  | Missile test | 7 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
7 February
22:54  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 7 February 1991 | Successful
11 February
19:20  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 11 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
11 February |  Prithvi |  |  Sriharikota |  DRDL
| DRDL | Sub-orbital  | Missile test | 11 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
12 February
03:29  |  S-520 |  |  Andøya |  ISAS
| ISAS | Sub-orbital  | Auroral | 12 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 353 kilometres (219 mi)
12 February
09:11:54  |  Black Brant XII  |  |  Poker Flat |  NASA
TOPAZ-3  | NASA  | Sub-orbital  | Plasma research | 12 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
14 February
08:45  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack King Khalid Military City | 14 February 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Hafir Al Batin | 14 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi),
hit King Khalid Military City.
15 February
23:01  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Al Jubayl | 15 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
16 February
13:00  |  S-520  |  |  Kagoshima LA-K |  ISAS
| ISAS  | Sub-orbital  | Ultraviolet Astronomy | 16 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 337 kilometres (209 mi)
18 February
14:30  |  Strypi-XI |  |  Barking Sands LC-1  |  SDIO
Bow Shock 2  | SDIO | Sub-orbital  | Reentry Test | 18 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi)
21 February
14:06  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack King Khalid Military City | 21 February 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack King Khalid Military City | 21 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 February
18:00  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack King Khalid Military City | 21 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 February
23:31  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Bahrain | 21 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 February
19:46  |  Black Brant IX  |  |  White Sands LC-36  |  NASA
| NASA  | Sub-orbital  | Solar research | 22 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
23 February
01:59  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 23 February 1991 | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 23 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
24 February
01:32  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 24 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Aimed at Coalition headquarters, intercepted by Patriot ABM, debris fell on a school.
24 February
06:23  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 24 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
24 February
09:17  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Riyadh | 24 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
24 February |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | 24 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
25 February
17:32  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Dhahran | 25 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Hit US Army barracks, killing 28 and injuring 110.
25 February
22:26  |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Qatar | 25 February 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
February |  Al Hussein  |  |  Iraq  |  IQAF
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | Within an hour of launch | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | Within an hour of launch | Successful
High Explosive warhead  | IQAF  | Sub-orbital  | Attack Israel | Within an hour of launch | Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
12 March |  LGM-118 Peacekeeper |  |  Vandenberg LF-02 |  US Air Force
| US Air Force  | Sub-orbital  | Operational test flight | 12 March 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
18 March
10:15  |  Black Brant IX  |  |  White Sands LC-36  |  NASA
SXT  | NASA / University of Colorado, Boulder | Sub-orbital  | X-ray astronomy | 18 March 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
19 March |  UGM-96 Trident I (Trident C-4) |  |  Submarine, WTR |  US Navy
| US Navy  | Sub-orbital  | Operational test flight | 19 March 1991 | Successful
| US Navy  | Sub-orbital  | Operational test flight | 19 March 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
23 March
07:00  |  Black Brant IX  |  |  White Sands LC-36  |  NASA
MAMA  | NASA  | Sub-orbital  | Ultraviolet Astronomy | 23 March 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
30 March
02:27  |  Black Brant IX  |  |  White Sands LC-36  |  NASA
| NASA  | Sub-orbital  | Aeronomy | 30 March 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)

### April-June

[edit]

5 April
14:05  |  RT-2PM Topol  |  |  Plesetsk  |  RVSN
| RVSN  | Sub-orbital  | Missile test | 5 April 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
9 April
17:50  | Skylark 7 |  |  Esrange LA-S  |  DLR
SISSI-4  | DLR | Sub-orbital  | Aeronomy | 9 April 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 245 kilometres (152 mi)
9 April
18:18  |  Viper 3A |  |  Esrange  |  DLR
PMSE | DLR  | Sub-orbital  | Aeronomy | 9 April 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 110 kilometres (68 mi)
9 April
19:20  |  Viper 3A  |  |  Esrange  |  DLR
PMSE  | DLR  | Sub-orbital  | Aeronomy | 9 April 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 110 kilometres (68 mi)
12 April |  HPB |  |  Wallops Island  |  Orbital Sciences
| Orbital Sciences  | Sub-orbital  | Target | 12 April 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 400 kilometres (250 mi)
15 April
22:10  |  UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5) |  |  USS West Virginia, ETR |  US Navy
DASO-6  | US Navy  | Sub-orbital  | Operational test flight | 15 April 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
17 April
07:46  |  Black Brant 10CM1  |  |  Wallops Island  |  SDIO
SPFE-2  | SDIO  | Sub-orbital  | Technology demonstration | 17 April 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
18 April
18:33  |  MGM-134 Midgetman |  |  Vandenberg TP-01 |  US Air Force
| US Air Force  | Sub-orbital  | Missile test | 18 April 1991 | Successful
Final flight of the Midgetman
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
25 April
18:00  |  Nike Orion |  |  Poker Flat  |  NASA
CWAS-19  | NASA  | Sub-orbital  | Aeronomy | 25 April 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
29 April |  Sonda-3 |  |  Barreira do Inferno |  IAE
| INPE | Sub-orbital  | Ionospheric research | 29 April 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 441 kilometres (274 mi)
30 April
19:19  |  Nike Orion  |  |  Poker Flat  |  NASA
CWAS-20  | NASA  | Sub-orbital  | Aeronomy | 30 April 1991 | Failure
Apogee: 10 kilometres (6.2 mi)
4 May
04:10  |  Black Brant IX  |  |  White Sands LC-36  |  NASA
JASPR-I  | NASA  | Sub-orbital  | Ultraviolet Astronomy | 4 May 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
7 May
18:05  |  Black Brant IX  |  |  White Sands LC-36  |  NASA
SERTS-4  | NASA  | Sub-orbital  | Solar research | 7 May 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
8 May
03:54:00  |  Maxus |  |  Esrange  |  SSC
| SSC | Sub-orbital  | Microgravity | 8 May 1991 | Failure
Apogee: 157 kilometres (98 mi)
10 May |  UGM-96 Trident I (Trident C-4)  |  |  USS Mariano G. Vallejo, ETR  |  US Navy
FCET  | US Navy  | Sub-orbital  | Operational test flight | 10 May 1991 | Successful
FCET  | US Navy  | Sub-orbital  | Operational test flight | 10 May 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
11 May
20:40  |  Minuteman IB  |  |  Vandenberg LF-03  |  US Air Force
| US Air Force  | Sub-orbital  | Target | 11 May 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
Interceptor launch scrubbed
13 May
19:03  |  Black Brant IX  |  |  White Sands LC-36  |  NASA
MSSTA-I  | NASA  | Sub-orbital  | X-ray astronomy | 13 May 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 230 kilometres (140 mi)
20 May
07:30  |  Aries |  |  White Sands LC-36  |  NASA
SXT (XOGS)  | NASA  | Sub-orbital  | X-ray astronomy | 20 May 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
28 May
12:05  |  R-36MUTTH (SS-18 Mod 4) |  |  Baikonur  |  RVSN
|  RVSN  | Sub-orbital  | Operational test flight | 28 May 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
May |  Hwasong-6 |  |  Qom |  DPRK
|  DPRK | Sub-orbital  | Missile test | Within an hour of launch | Successful
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
11 June
17:47  |  LGM-118 Peacekeeper  |  |  Vandenberg LF-08 |  US Air Force
| US Air Force  | Sub-orbital  | Operational test flight | 11 June 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
18 June
11:34  |  Prospector |  |  Cape Canaveral LC-20 |  Orbital Sciences
| Orbital Sciences  | Sub-orbital  | Microgravity | 18 June 1991 | Failure
Apogee: 1 kilometre (0.62 mi)
21 June |  Minuteman IB  |  |  Vandenberg LF-03  |  US Air Force
| US Air Force  | Sub-orbital  | Re-entry vehicle test | 21 June 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
24 June |  SSBS S3 |  |  Biscarrosse BLB  |  DMA
| DMA | Sub-orbital  | Operational test flight | 24 June 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
25 June
17:00  |  RT-2PM Topol  |  |  Plesetsk  |  RVSN
| RVSN  | Sub-orbital  | Missile test | 25 June 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
26 June
02:39  |  Minuteman III |  |  Vandenberg LF-26 |  US Air Force
GT-144GB  | US Air Force  | Sub-orbital  | Operational test flight | 26 June 1991 | Successful
Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)

* ← Jan
* Feb
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* Apr
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## References

[edit]

* Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
* Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
* Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link‍]
* Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
* Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
* McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
* Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
* Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
* Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
* Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
* "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
* "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
* "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link‍]
* "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link‍]
* "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).

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