1994 in archaeology

Overview of the events of 1994 in archaeology

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The year 1994 in archaeology involved some significant events.

## Excavations

[edit]

* National Institute of Anthropology and History excavations at Maya site of Chacchoben begin
* Ruth Shady's work on the Norte Chico civilization site at Caral in Peru begins
* Martin Carver's excavations of an early medieval Pictish monastery at Portmahomack, Scotland, begin
* Jeffrey P. Brain begins work on the Popham Colony[1]

## Publications

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* Alan K. Bowman – Life and Letters on the Roman Frontier: Vindolanda and its People (British Museum).
* Marc Bermann – Lukurmata: Household Archaeology in Prehispanic Bolivia (Princeton University Press).
* Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Paolo Menozzi and Alberto Piazza – The History and Geography of Human Genes (Princeton University Press).
* Gillian Hutchinson – Medieval Ships and Shipping (Leicester University Press).
* Naomi F. Miller and Kathryn L. Gleason (ed.) – The Archaeology of Garden and Field (University of Pennsylvania Press).
* John Schofield and Alan Vince – Medieval Towns (Leicester University Press).

## Finds

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* 26 June – British submarine HMS Vandal, lost on sea trials in 1943,[2] is rediscovered in the Sound of Bute off the west coast of Scotland.[3]
* Late – Marine archaeologists led by Jean-Yves Empereur find remains of the Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt.[4]
* December
* Spotted horses and human hands, Pech Merle cave, Dordogne, France (painted c. 16000 BC).
* Wall painting with horses, rhinoceroses and aurochs, Chauvet Cave, Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, Ardèche Gorges, France (made c. 25,000–17,000 BC).
* Kafkania pebble.
* Moroccan gold coins and jewellery discovered at Salcombe Cannon Wreck site off the coast of south-west England.
* Diver Colin Martin discovers the wreck of the Hanover (built 1757) off the coast of Cornwall.
* Sannai-Maruyama Site discovered at Aomori, northern Honshu, Japan (mainly of Jōmon period).
* Recovery of Homo antecessor skeletal remains from the Trinchera Dolina at the archaeological site of Atapuerca in northern Spain begins; these are the oldest known hominid fossils found in western Europe (between 850,000 and 780,000 years old).
* 'Ardi', the fossilized skeletal remains of a female Ardipithecus ramidus, discovered at Aramis, Ethiopia, in the Afar Depression, the oldest known hominid fossil (4.4 million years old).
* First of the Schöningen spears.[5]

## Other events

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* 16 January – British archaeological television series Time Team first shown on Channel 4.
* 12 March – Kabul Museum building hit by rocket fire and destroyed.
* ASPRO chronology published.[6]
* The British Library acquires the Kharosti scrolls, the oldest collection of Buddhist manuscripts in the world.

## Deaths

[edit]

* 10 March – Rupert Bruce-Mitford, English archaeologist (b. 1914)
* 27 March – Elisabeth Schmid, German archaeologist and osteologist (b. 1912)[7]
* 8 September – Margaret Guido, English archaeologist (b. 1912)
* 10 October – Richard J. C. Atkinson, English archaeologist and prehistorian (b. 1920)[8]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Woodard, Colin (August 15, 2007). "Popham, Maine's 'lost' colony, to get its modest due". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
2. ^ MacKinnon, Angus (2010). "The Loss of HM Submarine Vandal (P64) off the Isle of Arran in 1943". ClydeMaritime. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
3. ^ "HMS/M Vandal: Inchmarnock Water, Sound of Bute, Firth of Clyde". Canmore. Edinburgh: Historic Environment Scotland. 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
4. ^ "Treasures of the Sunken City". Nova. November 1997. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
5. ^ Conard, Nicholas J.; Serangeli, Jordi; Bigga, Gerlinde; Rots, Veerle (May 2020). "A 300,000-year-old throwing stick from Schöningen, northern Germany, documents the evolution of human hunting". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (5): 690–693\. Bibcode:2020NatEE...4..690C. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1139-0. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 32313174. S2CID 216033478.
6. ^ "ASPRO: Atlas des Sites du Proche-Orient". Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux. 11 June 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
7. ^ Ogilvie, Marilyn; Harvey, Joy (2003). The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century. Routledge. ISBN 9781135963422.
8. ^ "Obituary: Professor Richard Atkinson". The Independent. 17 October 1994. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2017.

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