1995 in paleontology

Overview of the events of 1995 in paleontology

|  | List of years in paleontology | (table)

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* 1999
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* 2005 …

In science
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1995.

## Plants

[edit]

### Conifers

[edit]

#### Conifer research

[edit]

* Phipps, Osborne, & Stockey detail permineralized Pinus pollen cones from the Allenby Formations Princeton Chert site. The description is the first to include in-situ pollen ultrastructure and the cones are the oldest Pinus pollen cones that had been described to date. Affiliation with the Princeton chert organ taxa Pinus similkameenensis (leaves) and Pinus arnoldii (seed cones) was suggested.[2]

## Arthropods

[edit]

### Newly named arachnids

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Country  | Notes  | Images

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Uintascorpio[3]

gen et sp nov

valid

Perry

Middle Eocene

Green River Formation

USA

only scorpion from the Green River Formation

### Newly named insects

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Country  | Notes  | Images

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Aphaenogaster amphioceanica[4]

Sp nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

Dominican Republic

A myrmicine ant

|  Aphaenogaster amphioceanica

Aphaenogaster praerelicta[4]

Sp nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Mexican amber

Mexico

A myrmicine ant

Baltimartyria[5]

gen et comb nov

valid

Skalski

Early Eocene

Baltic amber

|  |

A micropterigid moth
moved from Micropterix proavitella (1936)

Dryinus grimaldii[6]

sp nov

valid

Olmi

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

Dominican Republic

A Dryinus lamellatus group wasp

|  Dryinus grimaldii

Electrinocellia[7]

subfam, gen et sp nov

Valid

Engel

Eocene

Baltic amber

|  |

sister taxon to the rest of Inocelliidae

Exocryptocerus jansei[8]

sp nov

Jr synonym

Vierbergen & Scheven

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

Dominican Republic

A myrmicinae ant,
moved to Cephalotes jansei (1999)[9]

|  Cephalotes jansei

Exocryptocerus elevatus[8]

sp nov

Jr synonym

Vierbergen & Scheven

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

Dominican Republic

A myrmicinae ant,
jr synonym of Cephalotes serratus (1999)[9]

Exocryptocerus serratus[8]

sp nov

Jr synonym

Vierbergen & Scheven

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

Dominican Republic

A myrmicinae ant,
moved to Cephalotes serratus (1999)[9]

|  Cephalotes serratus

Exocryptocerus truncatus[8][9]

sp nov

Jr synonym

Vierbergen & Scheven

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

Dominican Republic

A myrmicinae ant,
jr synonym of Cephalotes serratus (1999)[9]

|  Cephalotes serratus

Zacryptocerus alveolatus[8]

sp nov

Jr synonym

Vierbergen & Scheven

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

Dominican Republic

A myrmicinae ant,
moved to Cephalotes alveolatus (1999)[9]

|  Zacryptocerus alveolatus

## Brachiopods

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Country  | Notes  | Images

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Boucotia argentina[10]

Sp nov

Valid

Herrera

Lochkovian

Talacasto Formation

Argentina

A species of Boucotia

## Molluscs

[edit]

### Bivalves

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Country  | Notes  | Images

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Camya[11]

gen et sp nov

valid

Hinz-Schallreuter

Early Cambrian

Bornholm

Denmark

The type species is C. asy

Pojetaia ostseensis[11]

sp nov

nomen dubium

Hinz-Schallreuter

Early Cambrian

Bornholm

Denmark

Probable synonym of P. runnegari

## Fish

[edit]

### Newly named bony fish

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Country  | Notes  | Images

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Asiamericana[12]

Gen. et sp. nov

dubious

Nesov

Turonian

Bissekty Formation

* Uzbekistan

A possible ichthyodectid. Originally described as possible spinosaurid teeth.

## Archosauromorphs

[edit]

### Newly named dinosaurs

[edit]

* Fossil hunters working on behalf of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum discover a large coprolite from a theropod dinosaur in Maastrichtian strata. In 1997 it is sent to coprolite specialist Karen Chin, who determines that this specimen of fossilized feces was attributable to Tyrannosaurus rex. One year later, in 1998, Karen Chin and others publish a joint paper in Nature announcing the finding.
* Paul Sereno lead an expedition to the Kem Kem region of southeastern Morocco. Among the fossils discovered is a partial skull of Carcharodontosaurus saharicus. Significantly, it preserves a "complete and undistorted braincase" which would later be described in detail along with the structure of the inner ear of C. saharicus by Hans C. E. Larsson in 2001.[13]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[14]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Country  | Notes  | Images

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Achelousaurus[15]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Sampson

Campanian

Two Medicine Formation

* USA ( Montana)

A centrosaurin ceratopsian

|  Achelousaurus

Ampelosaurus[16]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Le Loeuff

Maastrichtian

Marnes Rouges Inferieures Formation

* France

A French titanosaur

| Ampelosaurus

"Brontoraptor"

|  |

nomen nudum

Redman

|  |  |  |  |

Bugenasaura

Gen et sp nov

Junior synonym of Thescelosaurus[17]

Galton

Lancian

Hell Creek

* USA

Chindesaurus[18]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Long & Murry

|  |  |

* USA ( Arizona,  New Mexico and  Texas)

| A herrerasaurid | Chindesaurus

"Dinotyrannus"[19]

Gen et sp nov

Junior synonym of Tyrannosaurus

Olshevsky

Lancian

|  |  |  |

Einiosaurus[15]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Sampson

Campanian

Two Medicine Formation

* USA ( Montana)

A centrosaurin ceratopsian

|  Einiosaurus

Genusaurus[20]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Accarie et al.

|  |  |

* France

|  |

Giganotosaurus[21]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Coria & Salgado

|  |  |

* Argentina

| A carcharodontosaurid |  Giganotosaurus

Jainosaurus[22]

|  |

Valid

Hunt, Lockley, Lucas, & Meyer

|  |  |  India |  |

"Jenghizkhan"[23]

|  |

Junior Synonym

Olshevsky

|  |  |  |

Junior synonym of Tarbosaurus

|  Tarbosaurus.

Jingshanosaurus[24]

|  |

Valid

Zhang & Yang

|  |  |  China |  |  "Jingshanosaurus"

Kulceratops[12]

|  |

Valid

Nesov

|  |  |  |  |

"Liassaurus"[25]

|  |

nomen nudum

Welles, Powell, & Pickering

|  |  |  |  |

"Merosaurus"[25]

|  |

nomen nudum

Welles, Powell, & Pickering

|  |  |  |  |

Niobrarasaurus[26]

|  |

Valid

Carpenter, Dilkes, & Weishampel

Coniacian-Santonian

Niobrara Formation

* United States ( Kansas)

A nodosaurid

Saurophaganax[27]

|  |

Valid

Chure

Kimmeridgian-Tithonian

Morrison Formation

* United States ( Oklahoma)

An allosaurid

"Stygivenator"[19]

Gen nov

junior synonym

Olshevsky

Lancian

Hell Creek Formation

|  |

Junior synonym of Tyrannosaurus

Texasetes[28]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Coombs

late Albian-early Cenomanian

Paw Paw Formation

* United States ( Texas)

A nodosaurid

"Walkersaurus"[25]

|  |

nomen nudum

Welles, Powell & Pickering vide: Pickering

Bajocian

|  |  |

Material later named Duriavenator

### Newly named birds

[edit]

Name  | Status  | Novelty  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Country  | Notes  | Images

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Ajaia chione [29]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Pleistocene

Early Irvingtonian,

Bermont Formation

USA:

Florida

A threskiornithid.

Ameripodius silvasantosi [30]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga

Late Oligocene-Early Miocene

Tremembé Formation

Brazil

A quercymegapodiid craciform

Anhinga malagurala [31]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Brian Mackness

Early Pliocene

Allingham Formation

Australia:

Queensland

An anhingid

Avisaurus gloriae [32]

Sp. nov.

Valid

David J. Varricchio

Luis M. Chiappe

Late Cretaceous

Maastrichtian,

Hell Creek Formation

USA:

Montana

An avisaurid enantiornithean

Boluochia zhengi [33]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Zhou Zhonghe

Early Cretaceous

Valanginian,

Jiufotang Formation

China

A longipterygid enantiornithean

Confuciusornis sanctus [34]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Hou Lianhai

Zhou Zhonghe

Gu Yucai

Zhang He

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

China

A confuciusornithid

Corvus moravicus [35]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jiri Mlikovsky

Early Pleistocene

Stránská Skála

Czech Republic

A corvid

Eudocimus leiseyi [29]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Pleistocene

Early Irvingtonian,

Bermont Formation

USA:

Florida

A threskiornithid

Grus pagei [36]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, jr.

Late Pleistocene

Rancho la Brea

USA:

California

A gruid

Hinasuri nehuensis [37]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Claudia P. Tambussi

Middle-Late Pliocene

Monte Hermoso Formation

Argentina

A rheid

Idiornis tuberculata [38]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Dieter S. Peters

Middle Eocene

Messel pit:

MP 11

Germany:

Hessen

An idiornithid gruiform; the genus was synonymized with the genus Dynamopterus Milne-Edwards, 1892 by Mourer-Chauviré, 2013 [39]

Itardiornis hessae [40]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Late Eocene and Middle Eocene

MP 21 and MP 23

France

A messelornithid gruiform

Lagopus balcanicus [41]

Sp. nov.

Valid

ppZlatozar N. Boev

Late Pliocene

MN 17,

Middle Villafranchian

Bulgaria

A phasianid

Larus lacus [42]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Late Pliocene

Late Blancan

USA:

Florida

A larid

Larus perpetuus [42]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Late Pliocene

Late Blancan

USA:

Florida

A larid

Meganhinga chilensis [43]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga

Miocene

Cura-Mallín Formation

Chile

An anhingid

Menura tyawanoides [44]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Walter E. Boles

?Early Miocene

Riversleigh

Australia:

Queensland

A menurid

Messelornis russelli [40]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Late Paleocene

MP 6

France

A messelornithid gruiform

Phalacrocorax filyawi [42]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Late Pliocene

Late Blancan

USA:

Florida

A phalacrocoracid

Qinornis paleocenica [45]

Gen. et sp. nov.

Valid

Xue Xiangxu

Early-Middle Paleocene

Shimen Basin

China

An indeterminate neognath

## Pterosaurs

[edit]

### New taxa

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Country  | Notes  | Images

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Plataleorhynchus

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Howse and Milner

Early Cretaceous

Purbeck Limestone

* UK

|  | Plataleorhynchus

## Synapsids

[edit]

### Mammals

[edit]

#### New taxa

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Country  | Notes  | Images

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Asiavorator[46]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Spassov and Lange-Badré

Late Eocene to early Oligocene

Hsanda Gol Formation

* Mongolia

Type species is A. altidens, though this later became a junior synonym of A. gracilis.

| Asiavorator limb bones

## References

[edit]

* Paleontology portal

1. ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
2. ^ Phipps, CJ; Osborn, JM; Stockey, RA (1995). "Pinus Pollen Cones from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert (Allenby Formation) of British Columbia, Canada". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 156 (1): 117–124\. doi:10.1086/297232. S2CID 84598167.117-124&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1086/297232&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84598167#id-name=S2CID&rft.aulast=Phipps&rft.aufirst=CJ&rft.au=Osborn,+JM&rft.au=Stockey,+RA&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
3. ^ Santiago-Blay, Jorge A.; Soleglad, Michael E.; Fet, Victor (2004). "A redescription and family placement of Uintascorpio Perry, 1995 from the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation (middle Eocene) of Colorado, USA (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" (PDF). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología. 10: 7–16.7-16&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Santiago-Blay&rft.aufirst=Jorge+A.&rft.au=Soleglad,+Michael+E.&rft.au=Fet,+Victor&rft_id=http://science.marshall.edu/fet/Euscorpius/fetpubl/Uintascorpio.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
4. ^ a b De Andrade, M. L. (1995). "The ant genus Aphaenogaster in Dominican and Mexican amber (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. IX: Pheidolini)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 223: 1–11.1-11&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=De+Andrade&rft.aufirst=M.+L.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
5. ^ Mey, Wolfram (2011). "On the systematic position of Baltimartyria Skalski, 1995 and description of a new species from Baltic amber (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae)". ZooKeys (130): 331–342\. Bibcode:2011ZooK..130..331M. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1480. PMC 3260770. PMID 22259287.331-342&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260770#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/22259287&rft_id=info:doi/10.3897/zookeys.130.1480&rft_id=info:bibcode/2011ZooK..130..331M&rft.aulast=Mey&rft.aufirst=Wolfram&rft_id=https://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/1480/on-the-systematic-position-of-baltimartyria-skalski-1995-and-description-of-a-new-species-from-baltic-amber-lepidoptera-&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
6. ^ Olmi, Massimo; Guglielmino, Adalgisa (2011). "Revision of fossil species of Dryinus belonging to lamellatus group, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae)" (PDF). ZooKeys (130): 505–514\. Bibcode:2011ZooK..130..505O. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1335. PMC 3260778. PMID 22259296.505-514&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260778#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/22259296&rft_id=info:doi/10.3897/zookeys.130.1335&rft_id=info:bibcode/2011ZooK..130..505O&rft.aulast=Olmi&rft.aufirst=Massimo&rft.au=Guglielmino,+Adalgisa&rft_id=https://www.pensoft.net/J_FILES/1/articles/1335/1335-G-3-layout.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
7. ^ Engel, M.S. (1995). "A new fossil snake-fly species from Baltic amber (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae)". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 102 (3–4): 187–193\. doi:10.1155/1995/23626. hdl:1808/16479.3–4&rft.pages=187-193&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info:hdl/1808/16479&rft_id=info:doi/10.1155/1995/23626&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=M.S.&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1155%2F1995%2F23626&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
8. ^ a b c d e Vierbergen, G.; Scheven, J. (1995). "Nine new species and a new genus of Dominican amber ants of the tribe (Cephalotini Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Creation Research Society Quarterly. 32 (3): 158–170.158-170&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Vierbergen&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Scheven,+J.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
9. ^ a b c d e f de Andrade, M. L.; Baroni Urbani, C. (1999). "Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, past and present". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 271: 537–538.537-538&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=de+Andrade&rft.aufirst=M.+L.&rft.au=Baroni+Urbani,+C.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
10. ^ Herrera, Zarela Angélica (1995). "The first notanopliid brachiopod from the South American Devonian sequence". Geobios. 28 (3): 337–342\. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80008-5.337-342&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80008-5&rft.aulast=Herrera&rft.aufirst=Zarela+Angélica&rft_id=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016699595800085&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
11. ^ a b Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 267–291\. Bibcode:2009PalZ...83..267E. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9. S2CID 49380913. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2012-01-06.267-291&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:49380913#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9&rft_id=info:bibcode/2009PalZ...83..267E&rft.aulast=Elicki&rft.aufirst=O.&rft.au=Gürsu,+S.&rft_id=http://www.geo.tu-freiberg.de/~elicki/ELICKI_GUERSU_2009_PalZ_CambrianBivalves.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
12. ^ a b Nesov, L.A. (1995). "Dinosaurs of northern Eurasia: new data about assemblages, ecology and palaeogeography (in Russian)". University of Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg: 156.
13. ^ "Introduction," Chure (2001). Pg. 20.
14. ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
15. ^ a b Sampson, S.D. (1995). "Two new horned dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana, with a phylogenetic analysis of the Centrosaurinae (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (4): 743–760\. Bibcode:1995JVPal..15..743S. doi:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011259.743-760&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/02724634.1995.10011259&rft_id=info:bibcode/1995JVPal..15..743S&rft.aulast=Sampson&rft.aufirst=S.D.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
16. ^ Le Loeuff, J. (1995). "Ampelosaurus atacis (nov. gen., nov. sp), un nouveau Titanosauridae (Dinosauria, Saurpoda) du Crétacé Supérieur de la haute vallée de l'Aude (France)". C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris. 321 (sér. II a): 693–696.693-696&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Le+Loeuff&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
17. ^ Boyd, C. A.; Brown, C. M.; Scheetz, R. D.; Clarke, J. A. (2009). "Taxonomic revision of the basal neornithischian taxa Thescelosaurus and Bugenasaura". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (3): 758–770\. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..758B. doi:10.1671/039.029.0328. S2CID 84273584.758-770&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84273584#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:doi/10.1671/039.029.0328&rft_id=info:bibcode/2009JVPal..29..758B&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=C.+A.&rft.au=Brown,+C.+M.&rft.au=Scheetz,+R.+D.&rft.au=Clarke,+J.+A.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1995+in+paleontology" class="Z3988">
18. ^ Long, R.A. and P.A. Murry. 1995. Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian) tetrapods from the Southwestern United States. New Mexico Museum Nat. History Sci. Bull. 4: pp. 1-254.
19. ^ a b Olshevsky vide Olshevsky, G. 1995. The Origin and Evolution of the Tyrannosaurids. Kyoryugaku Saizensen [Dino-Frontline] 9: 92-119 (part 1); 10:75-99 (part 2)
20. ^ Accarie, H., B. Beaudoin, J. Dejax, G. Fries, J.-C. Michard, and P. Taquet. 1995. Decouverte d’un Dinosaure Theropode nouveau (Genusaurus sisteronis n. g., n. sp.) dans l’Albien marin de Sisteron (Alpes de Haute-Provence, France) et extension au Cretace inferieur de la lignee ceratosaurienne. Compte rendu hebdomadaire des séances de l’Académie des Sciences Paris, tomo 320, 2nd series : pp. 327-334.
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