2004 Spanish general election

* * *

| <- 2000 | 14 March 2004 | 2008 ->

|
|

* * *

All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 208 (of 259) seats in the Senate
176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies
Opinion polls
Registered| 34,571,831 1.8%
Turnout| 26,155,436 (75.7%)
7.0 pp
|  | First party  | Second party  | Third party

|
|
|

|  |  |
Leader  | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero | Mariano Rajoy | Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida
Party  | PSOE | PP | CiU
Leader since  | 22 July 2000 | 2 September 2003  | 24 January 2004
Leader's seat  | Madrid | Madrid | Barcelona
Last election  | 125 seats, 34.2%[a] | 183 seats, 44.5%  | 15 seats, 4.2%
Seats won  | 164  | 148  | 10
Seat change  | 39  | 35  | 5
Popular vote  | 11,026,163  | 9,763,144  | 835,471
Percentage  | 42.6%  | 37.7%  | 3.2%
Swing  | 8.3 pp | 6.8 pp | 1.0 pp

* * *

| Fourth party  | Fifth party  | Sixth party
|  |  |
Leader  | Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira | Josu Erkoreka | Gaspar Llamazares
Party  | ERC | EAJ/PNV | IU
Leader since  | 2 February 2004  | 2004  | 29 October 2000
Leader's seat  | Barcelona | Biscay | Madrid
Last election  | 1 seat, 0.8%  | 7 seats, 1.5%  | 9 seats, 6.0%[b]
Seats won  | 8  | 7  | 5
Seat change  | 7  | 0  | 4
Popular vote  | 652,196  | 420,980  | 1,284,081
Percentage  | 2.5%  | 1.6%  | 5.0%
Swing  | 1.7 pp | 0.1 pp | 1.0 pp

* * *

Election results by Congress of Deputies constituency

Winner strength by constituency

Winner strength by autonomous community

* * *

| Prime Minister before election

José María Aznar

| Prime Minister after election

José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
PSOE

|

The 2004 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 14 March 2004, to elect the 8th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 259 seats in the Senate. Incumbent Prime Minister José María Aznar of the People's Party (PP) was retiring from politics and did not stand.[1]

The electoral outcome was heavily influenced by the aftermath of the Madrid train bombings on 11 March, as a result of which all parties suspended their electoral campaigns.[2] For two days following the attacks, the government kept blaming the terrorist organization ETA for the bombings, even in spite of mounting evidence suggesting the involvement of Islamist groups. The government was accused of misinformation, as an Islamist attack would have been perceived as the direct result of Spain's involvement in the Iraq War, which had been highly unpopular among the public.[3][4]

The election result was described by some media as an "unprecedented electoral upset". The perceived abuse of the PP's absolute majority throughout the legislature, with a focus on Spain's involvement in Iraq, was said to have helped fuel a wave of discontent against the incumbent ruling party, with the government's mismanagement on the bombings serving as the final catalyst for change to happen.[5][6] At 11 million votes and 42.6%, the opposition Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) increased by 3.1 million its 2000 result, securing 164 seats—a net gain of 39. In contrast, the PP, which opinion polls earlier in the year had predicted would secure a diminished but still commanding victory, lost 35 seats and 7 percentage points, resulting in the worst defeat for a sitting government in Spain up to that point since 1982. The 75.7% turnout was among the highest since the Spanish transition to democracy, with no subsequent general election having exceeded such a figure. The number of votes cast, at 26.1 million votes, remained the highest figure in gross terms for any Spanish general election until the April 2019 election.[7][8]

The day after the election, Zapatero announced his will to form a minority PSOE government, supported by other parties in a confidence and supply basis. Two minor left-wing parties, Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and United Left (IU), immediately announced their intention to support Zapatero's government. On 16 April 2004, Zapatero was elected as new prime minister by an outright majority of the new Congress, with 183 out of 350 members voting for him, being sworn in the next day.[9]

## Overview

[edit]

### Electoral system

[edit]

The Spanish Cortes Generales were envisaged as an imperfect bicameral system. The Congress of Deputies had greater legislative power than the Senate, having the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a prime minister and to override Senate vetoes by an absolute majority of votes. Nonetheless, the Senate possessed a few exclusive (yet limited in number) functions—such as its role in constitutional amendment—which were not subject to the Congress' override.[10][11] Voting for the Cortes Generales was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.[12][13]

For the Congress of Deputies, 348 seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Spain, with each being allocated an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla were allocated the two remaining seats, which were elected using plurality voting.[14][15] The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.[16]

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:[17]

Seats  | Constituencies

|

35 | Madrid(+1)
31 | Barcelona
16 | Valencia
12 | Seville(–1)
11 | Alicante
10 | Málaga
9 | A Coruña, Biscay, Cádiz, Murcia
8 | Asturias(–1), Balearic Islands(+1), Las Palmas(+1)
7 | Córdoba, Granada, Pontevedra(–1), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Zaragoza
6 | Badajoz, Girona(+1), Guipúzcoa, Jaén, Tarragona
5 | Almería, Cantabria, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Huelva, León, Navarre, Toledo, Valladolid
4 | Álava, Albacete, Burgos, Cáceres(–1), La Rioja, Lleida, Lugo, Ourense, Salamanca
3 | Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Zamora

For the Senate, 208 seats were elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors could vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts were the islands themselves, with the larger—Majorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities could appoint at least one senator each and were entitled to one additional senator per each million inhabitants.[18][19]

### Election date

[edit]

The term of each chamber of the Cortes Generales—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication.[20] The previous election was held on 12 March 2000, which meant that the legislature's term would expire on 12 March 2004. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 17 February 2004, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Cortes Generales on Sunday, 11 April 2004.

The prime minister had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one. Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot.[21] Barred this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections for the Congress and the Senate. Still, as of 2024 there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.

On 9 January 2004, it was announced that the general election would be held in March,[22][23] with the election date being agreed with Andalusian president Manuel Chaves to make it being held concurrently with the 2004 Andalusian regional election.[24]

The Cortes Generales were officially dissolved on 20 January 2004 after the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOE, setting the election date for 14 March and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 2 April.[17]

## Parliamentary composition

[edit]

The tables below show the composition of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.[25][26]

Parliamentary composition in January 2004[27] | Congress of Deputies

Groups  | Parties  | Deputies
Seats  | Total
| People's Parliamentary Group in the Congress  |  | PP | 180  | 183
| UPN | 3
| Socialist Parliamentary Group  |  | PSOE | 107  | 124
| PSC | 17
| Catalan Parliamentary Group
(Convergence and Union)  |  | CDC | 11  | 15
| UDC | 4
| United Left's Federal Parliamentary Group  |  | IU | 8  | 8
| Basque Parliamentary Group (EAJ/PNV)  |  | EAJ/PNV | 7  | 7
| Canarian Coalition's Parliamentary Group  |  | AIC | 2  | 4
| ICAN | 2
| Mixed Parliamentary Group  |  | BNG | 3  | 9
| PA | 1
| ERC | 1
| ICV | 1
| EA | 1
| CHA | 1
| INDEP | 1[c]
Parliamentary composition in January 2004[29] | Senate

Groups  | Parties  | Senators
Seats  | Total
| People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate  |  | PP | 147  | 150
| UPN | 3
| Socialist Parliamentary Group  |  | PSOE | 67  | 67
| Catalan Agreement of Progress
Parliamentary Group  |  | PSC | 9  | 12
| ERC | 2
| ICV | 1
| Convergence and Union's
Catalan Parliamentary Group in the Senate  |  | CDC | 7  | 10
| UDC | 3
| Basque Nationalist Senators' Parliamentary Group  |  | EAJ/PNV | 7  | 7
| Canarian Coalition Senators' Parliamentary Group  |  | AIC | 2  | 6
| ICAN | 2
| AHI | 1
| AM | 1
| Mixed Parliamentary Group  |  | IU | 3  | 7
| BNG | 1
| PAR | 1
| PIL | 1
| INDEP | 1[d]

## Parties and candidates

[edit]

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[31]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy  | Parties and
alliances  | Leading candidate  | Ideology  | Previous result  | Gov. | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|

Votes (%)  | Con. | Sen.
| PP |

List

* People's Party (PP)
* Navarrese People's Union (UPN)
* Valencian Union (UV)
* Independents of Fuerteventura (IF)

|  | Mariano Rajoy | Conservatism
Christian democracy | 44.52%  | 183 | 127 | Y | [32]
[33]
[34]
| PSOE |

List

* Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
* Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)
* The Greens (LV)

|  | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero | Social democracy | 34.17%[a] | 125 | 53[e] | N | [35]
[36]
[37]
| CiU |

List

* Convergence and Union (CiU)
– Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC)
– Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC)

|  | Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida | Catalan nationalism
Centrism | 4.19%  | 15 | 8 | N | [38]
[39]
| IU |

List

* United Left (IU)
– Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
– Collective for the Unity of Workers–Andalusian Left Bloc (CUT–BAI)
– Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR)
– Workers' Revolutionary Party–Revolutionary Left (PRT–IR)
* Initiative for Catalonia Greens–United and Alternative Left (ICV–EUiA)
– Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV)
– United and Alternative Left (EUiA)
* Bloc for Asturias (BA)
* The Greens of Aragon (LV)
* The Greens–United Left–Citizens' Alternative Initiative (LV–IU–AC25M)
– 25 May Citizens' Alternative (AC25M)
* Independent Socialists of Extremadura (SIEx)
* United Left–The Agreement (Entesa)
– United Left of the Valencian Country (EUPV)
– Republican Left (IR)

|  | Gaspar Llamazares | Socialism
Communism | 5.96%[b] | 9 | 0[e] | N | [40]
| EAJ/PNV |

List

* Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)

|  | Josu Erkoreka | Basque nationalism
Christian democracy
Conservative liberalism | 1.50%[f] | 7 | 6 | N | [41]
[42]
| CC |

List

* Canarian Independent Groups (AIC)
– Tenerife Group of Independents (ATI)
– La Palma Group of Independents (API)
– Gomera Group of Independents (AGI)
* Nationalist Canarian Initiative (ICAN)
* Nationalist Canarian Centre (CCN)
* Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC)
* Independent Herrenian Group (AHI)
* Majorera Assembly (AM)

|  | Paulino Rivero | Regionalism
Canarian nationalism
Centrism | 1.07%  | 4 | 5 | N |
| BNG |

List

* Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)
– Galician People's Union (UPG)
– Socialist Collective (CS)
– Galician Nationalist Party–Galicianist Party (PNG–PG)
– Nationalist Left (EN)
– Inzar (Inzar)

|  | Francisco Rodríguez  | Galician nationalism
Left-wing nationalism
Socialism | 1.32%  | 3 | 0 | N |
| PA |

List

* Andalusian Party (PA)

|  | José Antonio González  | Andalusian nationalism
Social democracy | 0.89%  | 1 | 0 | N |
| ERC |

List

* Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)

|  | Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira | Catalan independence
Left-wing nationalism
Social democracy | 0.84%  | 1 | —[e] | N | [43]
[44]
[45]
| EA |

List

* Basque Solidarity (EA)

|  | Begoña Lasagabaster  | Basque nationalism
Social democracy | 0.37%[g] | 1 | 0 | N | [41]
[46]
[47]
| CHA |

List

* Aragonese Union (CHA)

|  | José Antonio Labordeta | Aragonese nationalism
Eco-socialism | 0.33%  | 1 | 0 | N |
| NaBai |

List

* Basque Solidarity (EA)
* Aralar (Aralar)
* Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
* Assembly (Batzarre)

|  | Uxue Barkos | Basque nationalism
Social democracy | 0.09%[h] | 0 | 0 | N | [48]
[49]
[50]
| PSC–ERC–
ICV–EUiA |

List

* Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)
* Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)
* Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV)
* United and Alternative Left (EUiA)

|  | Mercedes Aroz  | Catalanism
Social democracy
Eco-socialism | Senate  | 8[e] | N | [51]

The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV) agreed to continue with the Catalan Agreement of Progress alliance for the Senate with the inclusion of United and Alternative Left (EUiA).[51] In the Balearic Islands, PSM–Nationalist Agreement (PSM–EN), United Left of the Balearic Islands (EUIB), The Greens of the Balearic Islands (EVIB) and ERC formed the Progressives for the Balearic Islands alliance.[52] A proposal for an all-left electoral alliance for the Senate in the Valencian Community, comprising the PSOE, United Left of the Valencian Country (EUPV) and the Valencian Nationalist Bloc (BNV) was ultimately discarded.[53][54][55]

## Campaign period

[edit]

### Party slogans

[edit]

Party or alliance  | Original slogan  | English translation  | Ref.

|
|
|

| PP | « Juntos vamos a más »  | "Together we go for more"  | [56]
| PSOE | « Merecemos una España mejor »  | "We deserve a better Spain"  | [57]
| CiU | « Duran per Catalunya: sentit comú »  | "Duran for Catalonia: common sense"  | [58][59][60]
| IU | « Con tu voto, es posible. Palabra »  | "With your vote, it is possible. Promise"  | [61]
| EAJ/PNV | « Tú tienes la palabra »
« Tu voz es importante en Madrid »  | "You have the word"
"Your voice is important in Madrid"  | [62]
| CC | « Gana Canarias, ganas tú »  | "The Canaries win, you win"  | [63]
| BNG | « Dálle un Sí a Galiza »  | "Give a Yes to Galicia"  | [62]
| PA | « Andalucía es nuestro trabajo »  | "Andalusia is our job"  | [64]
| ERC | « Parlant la gent s'entén »  | "People understand [each other] by talking"  | [65]
| CHA | « Labordeta, gente como tú »  | "Labordeta, people like you"  | [63]
| NaBai | « Orain da geroa! »
« ¡Ahora es el futuro! »  | "The future is now!"  | [66]

## Opinion polls

[edit]

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2004 Spanish general election

Local regression trend line of poll results from 12 March 2000 to 14 March 2004, with each line corresponding to a political party.

## Results

[edit]

### Congress of Deputies

[edit]

For results by autonomous community/constituency, see Results breakdown of the 2004 Spanish general election (Congress).

← Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results →

Parties and alliances  | Popular vote  | Seats
Votes  | %  | ±pp | Total  | +/−
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 | 11,026,163 | 42.59 | +8.42  | 164 | +39
| People's Party (PP)  | 9,763,144 | 37.71 | –6.81  | 148 | –35
| United Left (IU)2 | 1,284,081 | 4.96 | –0.93  | 5 | –4
| Convergence and Union (CiU)  | 835,471 | 3.23 | –0.96  | 10 | –5
| Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)  | 652,196 | 2.52 | +1.68  | 8 | +7
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)3 | 420,980 | 1.63 | +0.13  | 7 | ±0
| Canarian Coalition (CC)  | 235,221 | 0.91 | –0.16  | 3 | –1
| Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)  | 208,688 | 0.81 | –0.51  | 2 | –1
| Andalusian Party (PA)  | 181,868 | 0.70 | –0.19  | 0 | –1
| Aragonese Union (CHA)  | 94,252 | 0.36 | +0.03  | 1 | ±0
| Basque Solidarity (EA)3 | 80,905 | 0.31 | –0.06  | 1 | ±0
| The Eco-pacifist Greens (LVEP)  | 68,027 | 0.26 | +0.16  | 0 | ±0
The Eco-pacifist Greens (LVEP) | 37,499 | 0.14 | +0.04  | 0 | ±0
The Greens–The Ecologist Alternative (EV–AE) | 30,528 | 0.12 | New | 0 | ±0
| Navarre Yes (NaBai)4 | 61,045 | 0.24 | +0.15  | 1 | +1
| Valencian Nationalist Bloc–Green Left (Bloc–EV)  | 40,759 | 0.16 | –0.09  | 0 | ±0
| Progressives for the Balearic Islands (PSM–EN, EU, EV, ER)5 | 40,289 | 0.16 | –0.06  | 0 | ±0
| Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)  | 40,208 | 0.16 | New | 0 | ±0
| Aralar–Stand up (Aralar–Zutik)  | 38,560 | 0.15 | New | 0 | ±0
| Aragonese Party (PAR)  | 36,540 | 0.14 | –0.03  | 0 | ±0
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)  | 34,101 | 0.13 | +0.03  | 0 | ±0
| Socialist Party of Andalusia (PSA)  | 24,127 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0
| Humanist Party (PH)  | 21,758 | 0.08 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| The Greens of the Community of Madrid (LVCM)  | 19,600 | 0.08 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Republican Left (IR)  | 16,993 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0
| Cannabis Party for Legalisation and Normalisation (PCLyN)  | 16,918 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0
| Family and Life Party (PFyV)  | 16,699 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0
| The Greens (Verdes)  | 15,220 | 0.06 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
The Greens of the Region of Murcia (LVRM) | 7,074 | 0.03 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
The Greens of Asturias (Verdes) | 5,013 | 0.02 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
The Greens of Extremadura (LV) | 3,133 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| National Democracy (DN)  | 15,180 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0
| Leonese People's Union (UPL)  | 14,160 | 0.05 | –0.13  | 0 | ±0
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)  | 12,979 | 0.05 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV)  | 12,749 | 0.05 | –0.04  | 0 | ±0
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)6 | 12,266 | 0.05 | +0.02  | 0 | ±0
| Majorcan Union (UM)  | 10,558 | 0.04 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| The Phalanx (FE)  | 10,311 | 0.04 | –0.02  | 0 | ±0
| Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)  | 8,866 | 0.03 | –0.05  | 0 | ±0
| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)  | 8,003 | 0.03 | –0.02  | 0 | ±0
| Republican Social Movement (MSR)  | 6,768 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0
| Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)  | 5,677 | 0.02 | –0.02  | 0 | ±0
| Convergence of Democrats of Navarre (CDN)  | 5,573 | 0.02 | –0.02  | 0 | ±0
| Authentic Phalanx (FA)  | 4,589 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0
| Asturianist Party (PAS)  | 4,292 | 0.02 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Spain 2000 (E–2000)  | 4,231 | 0.02 | –0.02  | 0 | ±0
| Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC)  | 4,092 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0
| United Extremadura (EU)  | 3,916 | 0.02 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Party of Self-employed and Professionals (AUTONOMO)  | 3,124 | 0.01 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Initiative for the Development of Soria (IDES)  | 2,934 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Andalusia Assembly (A)  | 2,930 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Canarian Popular Alternative (APCa)  | 2,715 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| European Green Group (GVE)  | 2,662 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Independent Candidacy–The Party of Castile and León (CI–PCL)  | 2,421 | 0.01 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Unsubmissive Seats–Alternative of Discontented Democrats (Ei–ADD)  | 2,332 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD)  | 2,300 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Galician People's Front (FPG)  | 2,257 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Galician Coalition (CG)  | 2,235 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Alliance for Development and Nature (ADN)  | 2,215 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Party of Precarious Workers (PTPRE)  | 2,115 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Kingdom of Valencia Identity (IRV)  | 2,111 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows (PAE)  | 2,082 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Andecha Astur (AA)  | 1,970 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Union of the Salamancan People (UPSa)  | 1,871 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| The Greens–Green Alternative (EV–AV)  | 1,836 | 0.01 | –0.04  | 0 | ±0
| Carlist Party (PC)  | 1,813 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Romantic Mutual Support Party (PMAR)  | 1,561 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Cantabrian Nationalist Council (CNC)  | 1,431 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Salamanca–Zamora–León–PREPAL (PREPAL)  | 1,322 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Another Democracy is Possible (ODeP)  | 1,302 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Independent Social Group (ASI)  | 1,237 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Independent Social Democratic Party of the Valencian Community (PSICV)  | 1,096 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Republican Party (PRF)  | 1,051 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Alternative for Gran Canaria (AxGC)  | 957 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Alliance for National Unity (AUN)  | 923 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Left Assembly–Initiative for Andalusia (A–IZ)  | 901 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Christian Positivist Party (PPCr)  | 892 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Asturian Left (IAS)  | 854 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC)  | 807 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Liberal Centrist Union (UCL)  | 798 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Caló Nationalist Party (PNCA)  | 757 | 0.00 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| United Zamora (ZU)  | 754 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Union of Centrists of Menorca (UCM)  | 751 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI))  | 668 | 0.00 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Spanish Democratic Front (FDE)  | 619 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Castilian Unity (UdCa)  | 601 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Andalusian Social Democratic Party (PSDA)  | 583 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Nationalist Maga Alternative (AMAGA)  | 468 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Balearic People's Union (UPB)  | 411 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| European Nation State (N)  | 410 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Workers for Democracy Coalition (TD)  | 407 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| National Workers' Party (PNT)  | 379 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Party of The People (LG)  | 378 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU)  | 330 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| National Union (UN)  | 318 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Citizens' Convergence of the South-East (CCSE)  | 308 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| National Democratic Party of Spain (PDNE)  | 232 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Spanish Absolute Honesty Political Group (GPHAE)  | 52 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
Blank ballots  | 407,795 | 1.58 | ±0.00  |
Total  | 25,891,299 |  | 350 | ±0
Valid votes  | 25,891,299 | 98.99 | –0.33  |
Invalid votes  | 264,137 | 1.01 | +0.33
Votes cast / turnout  | 26,155,436 | 75.66 | +6.95
Abstentions  | 8,416,395 | 24.34 | –6.95
Registered voters  | 34,571,831 |
Sources[67][68]

Footnotes:

* 1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party–Progressives and Extremaduran Coalition in the 2000 election.
* 2 United Left results are compared to the combined totals of United Left, Initiative for Catalonia–Greens and Independent Socialists of Extremadura in the 2000 election. It does not include results in the Balearic Islands.
* 3 Basque Nationalist Party and Basque Solidarity do not include results in Navarre.
* 4 Navarre Yes results are compared to the combined totals of Basque Solidarity and Basque Nationalist Party in Navarre in the 2000 election.
* 5 Progressives for the Balearic Islands results are compared to the combined totals of Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalist Agreement, United Left of the Balearic Islands, The Greens of the Balearic Islands and Republican Left of Catalonia in the 2000 election, only in the Balearic Islands.
* 6 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO results are compared to Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 totals in the 2000 election.

| Popular vote

|  |
PSOE |

| 42.59%
PP |

| 37.71%
IU |

| 4.96%
CiU |

| 3.23%
ERC |

| 2.52%
EAJ/PNV |

| 1.63%
CC |

| 0.91%
BNG |

| 0.81%
CHA |

| 0.36%
EA |

| 0.31%
NaBai |

| 0.24%
Others |

| 3.17%
Blank ballots |

| 1.58%

| Seats

|  |
PSOE |

| 46.86%
PP |

| 42.29%
CiU |

| 2.86%
ERC |

| 2.29%
EAJ/PNV |

| 2.00%
IU |

| 1.43%
CC |

| 0.89%
BNG |

| 0.57%
CHA |

| 0.29%
EA |

| 0.29%
NaBai |

| 0.29%

### Senate

[edit]

← Summary of the 14 March 2004 Senate of Spain election results →

Parties and alliances  | Popular vote  | Seats
Votes  | %  | ±pp | Total  | +/−
| People's Party (PP)  | 26,639,965 | 37.92 | –7.43  | 102 | –25
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)  | 25,666,070 | 36.53 | +10.13  | 81 | +28
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 | 25,664,516 | 36.53 | +10.13  | 81 | +28
For our Land (PSOE–PNC) | 1,554 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Catalan Agreement of Progress (PSC–ERC–ICV–EUiA)  | 6,087,158 | 8.66 | +2.66  | 12 | +4
| United Left (IU)  | 2,857,366 | 4.07 | –3.60  | 0 | ±0
| Convergence and Union (CiU)  | 2,670,375 | 3.80 | –0.73  | 4 | –4
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)2 | 1,219,623 | 1.74 | +0.12  | 6 | ±0
| Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)  | 750,251 | 1.07 | –0.36  | 0 | ±0
| Andalusian Party (PA)  | 487,558 | 0.69 | –0.24  | 0 | ±0
| Canarian Coalition (CC)  | 409,246 | 0.58 | –0.13  | 3 | –2
| The Eco-pacifist Greens (LVEP)  | 267,017 | 0.38 | +0.30  | 0 | ±0
The Greens–The Ecologist Alternative (EV–AE) | 200,487 | 0.28 | New | 0 | ±0
The Eco-pacifist Greens (LVEP) | 66,530 | 0.09 | +0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Basque Solidarity (EA)2 | 227,665 | 0.32 | –0.09  | 0 | ±0
| Aragonese Union (CHA)  | 227,065 | 0.32 | +0.02  | 0 | ±0
| Navarre Yes (NaBai)3 | 176,179 | 0.25 | +0.21  | 0 | ±0
| Valencian Nationalist Bloc–Green Left (Bloc–EV)  | 135,872 | 0.19 | +0.06  | 0 | ±0
| Aragonese Party (PAR)  | 124,777 | 0.18 | –0.02  | 0 | ±0
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)  | 92,564 | 0.13 | +0.03  | 0 | ±0
| Aralar–Stand up (Aralar–Zutik)  | 92,118 | 0.13 | New | 0 | ±0
| Humanist Party (PH)  | 85,877 | 0.12 | +0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Progressives for the Balearic Islands (PSM–EN, EU, EV, ER)4 | 74,842 | 0.11 | –0.11  | 0 | ±0
| Socialist Party of Andalusia (PSA)  | 73,843 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0
| Yuntar Action (AY)  | 67,356 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0
| Burdened and Angry Citizens (CAyC)  | 66,213 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0
| Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)  | 64,987 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0
| Cannabis Party for Legalisation and Normalisation (PCLyN)  | 57,312 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0
| The Greens (Verdes)  | 56,672 | 0.08 | –0.05  | 0 | ±0
The Greens of the Region of Murcia (LVRM) | 24,257 | 0.03 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
The Greens of Asturias (Verdes) | 17,899 | 0.03 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
The Greens of Extremadura (LV) | 10,948 | 0.02 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
The Greens–Left Forum (LV–FI) | 2,847 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
The Greens of the Canaries (Verdes) | 721 | 0.00 | –0.03  | 0 | ±0
| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)  | 56,300 | 0.08 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Leonese People's Union (UPL)  | 55,587 | 0.08 | –0.12  | 0 | ±0
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)  | 49,495 | 0.07 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)5 | 45,127 | 0.06 | +0.02  | 0 | ±0
| Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)  | 41,992 | 0.06 | –0.05  | 0 | ±0
| Family and Life Party (PFyV)  | 35,476 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0
| Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)  | 35,385 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0
| Another Democracy is Possible (ODeP)  | 30,557 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0
| The Greens of the Community of Madrid (LVCM)  | 28,788 | 0.04 | –0.05  | 0 | ±0
| Republican Left–Socialist Action Party (IR–PASOC)  | 27,973 | 0.04 | +0.02  | 0 | ±0
| Majorcan Union (UM)  | 27,050 | 0.04 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC)  | 23,852 | 0.03 | –0.02  | 0 | ±0
| National Democracy (DN)  | 23,544 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0
| Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV)  | 22,688 | 0.03 | +0.01  | 0 | ±0
| The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV)  | 22,656 | 0.03 | –0.04  | 0 | ±0
| Authentic Phalanx (FA)  | 19,413 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0
| United Extremadura (EU)  | 18,040 | 0.03 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Convergence of Democrats of Navarre (CDN)  | 16,946 | 0.02 | –0.02  | 0 | ±0
| Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)  | 15,655 | 0.02 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Asturianist Party (PAS)  | 14,345 | 0.02 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI))  | 13,312 | 0.02 | +0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Spain 2000 (E–2000)  | 13,150 | 0.02 | +0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Galician People's Front (FPG)  | 13,149 | 0.02 | +0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Lanzarote Independents Party (PIL)  | 11,457 | 0.02 | ±0.00  | 0 | –1
| Initiative for the Development of Soria (IDES)  | 10,884 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0
| Party of Self-employed and Professionals (AUTONOMO)  | 10,647 | 0.02 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Carlist Party (PC)  | 10,487 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Salamanca–Zamora–León–PREPAL (PREPAL)  | 10,434 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Unsubmissive Seats–Alternative of Discontented Democrats (Ei–ADD)  | 9,040 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows (PAE)  | 8,673 | 0.01 | +0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Andalusia Assembly (A)  | 8,355 | 0.01 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC)  | 8,047 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Alliance for Development and Nature (ADN)  | 7,807 | 0.01 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Andecha Astur (AA)  | 7,665 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| The Phalanx (FE)  | 7,603 | 0.01 | –0.05  | 0 | ±0
| Party of The People (LG)  | 7,507 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| The Greens–Green Alternative (EV–AV)  | 7,382 | 0.01 | –0.07  | 0 | ±0
| Independent Candidacy–The Party of Castile and León (CI–PCL)  | 7,362 | 0.01 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Union of the Salamancan People (UPSa)  | 6,495 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Party of Precarious Workers (PTPRE)  | 6,171 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| European Nation State (N)  | 5,982 | 0.01 | +0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Cantabrian Nationalist Council (CNC)  | 5,526 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| 25 May Citizens' Alternative (AC25M)  | 5,360 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD)  | 5,099 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Independent Social Democratic Party of the Valencian Community (PSICV)  | 5,078 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Canarian Popular Alternative (APCa)  | 4,853 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Asturian Left (IAS)  | 4,474 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Socialist Party of Menorca–Nationalist Agreement (PSM–EN)  | 4,242 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Republican Party (PRF)  | 4,206 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0
| Galician Coalition (CG)  | 4,173 | 0.01 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Caló Nationalist Party (PNCA)  | 3,356 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Kingdom of Valencia Identity (IRV)  | 3,342 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Romantic Mutual Support Party (PMAR)  | 3,277 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Clean Hands Project (PML)  | 3,179 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Left Assembly–Initiative for Andalusia (A–IZ)  | 3,052 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| United Zamora (ZU)  | 2,992 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Party Association of Widows and Legal Wives (PAVIEL)  | 2,950 | 0.00 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Progressives for Ibiza and Formentera (EU–ENE–ERC)  | 2,876 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Independent Social Group (ASI)  | 2,620 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Castilian Unity (UdCa)  | 2,463 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Alliance for National Unity (AUN)  | 2,338 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Liberal Centrist Union (UCL)  | 2,155 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| New Force (FN)  | 2,096 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC)  | 1,904 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Natural Culture (CN)  | 1,767 | 0.00 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| The Republic (La República)  | 1,686 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Alternative for Gran Canaria (AxGC)  | 1,672 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Party of El Bierzo (PB)  | 1,640 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Immigrants with the Right to Equality and Obligations (INDIO)  | 1,587 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Christian Positivist Party (PPCr)  | 1,297 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU)  | 1,142 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Workers for Democracy Coalition (TD)  | 1,074 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Union of Centrists of Menorca (UCM)  | 802 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| European Green Group (GVE)  | 795 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Initiative for La Palma (INPA)  | 722 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| National Workers' Party (PNT)  | 508 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| National Union (UN)  | 505 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Citizens' Convergence of the South-East (CCSE)  | 366 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| New Spanish Republicans (NRUP)  | 220 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
| Cives (Cives)  | 199 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Balearic People's Union (UPB)  | 98 | 0.00 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Digital Citizens from Castelnou (CDC)  | 79 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0
Blank ballots[i] | 679,816 | 2.67 | –0.15  |
Total  | 70,258,035 |  | 208 | ±0
Valid votes  | 25,426,107 | 97.09 | –0.42  |
Invalid votes  | 761,055 | 2.91 | +0.42
Votes cast / turnout  | 26,187,162 | 75.75 | +6.92
Abstentions  | 8,384,669 | 24.25 | –6.92
Registered voters  | 34,571,831 |
Sources[26][67][68][69]

Footnotes:

* 1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and Progressive Pact in the 2000 election.
* 2 Basque Nationalist Party and Basque Solidarity do not include results in Navarre.
* 3 Navarre Yes results are compared to the combined totals of Basque Solidarity and Basque Nationalist Party in Navarre in the 2000 election.
* 4 Progressives for the Balearic Islands results are compared to the combined totals of Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalist Agreement, United Left of the Balearic Islands, The Greens of the Balearic Islands and Republican Left of Catalonia in the 2000 election, only in the Balearic Islands.
* 5 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO results are compared to Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 totals in the 2000 election.

| Popular vote

|  |
PP |

| 37.92%
PSOE |

| 36.53%
ECdP |

| 8.66%
IU |

| 4.07%
CiU |

| 3.80%
EAJ/PNV |

| 1.74%
BNG |

| 1.07%
CC |

| 0.58%
Others |

| 4.67%
Blank ballots |

| 2.67%

| Seats

|  |
PP |

| 49.04%
PSOE |

| 38.94%
ECdP |

| 5.77%
EAJ/PNV |

| 2.88%
CiU |

| 1.92%
CC |

| 1.44%

### Maps

[edit]

* Election results by Congress of Deputies constituency.

* Winner strength by constituency.

* Winner strength by autonomous community.

## Aftermath

[edit]

### Government formation

[edit]

Further information: First government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero

Investiture
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (PSOE)

Ballot →  | 16 April 2004
Required majority →  | 176 out of 350 Y

Yes

* • PSOE (164)
* • ERC (8)
* • IU–ICV (5)
* • CC (3)
* • BNG (2)
* • CHA (1)

183 / 350

* • PP (148)

148 / 350

Abstentions

* • CiU (10)
* • PNV (7)
* • EA (1)
* • NaBai (1)

19 / 350

| Absentees |

0 / 350

Sources[70]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b Results for PSOE–p (34.2%, 125 deputies) and Extremaduran Coalition (0.01%, 0 deputies) in the 2000 election.
2. ^ a b Results for IU (5.45%, 8 deputies and 0 senators) and IC–V (0.51%, 1 deputy and 0 senators) in the 2000 election.
3. ^ Cristina Alberdi, former PSOE legislator.[28]
4. ^ Enrique Bellido, former PP legislator.[30]
5. ^ a b c d The PSC–PSOE (7 senators), ERC (1 senator) and IC–V (0 senators) contested the 2000 Senate election within the Entesa alliance.
6. ^ Results for EAJ/PNV in the 2000 election, not including Navarre.
7. ^ Results for EA in the 2000 election, not including Navarre.
8. ^ Results for EA (0.06%, 0 seats) and EAJ/PNV in Navarre (0.03%, 0 seats) in the 2000 election.
9. ^ The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Voters punish Aznar on Iraq". CNN. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
2. ^ "Los partidos suspenden la campaña electoral" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 11 March 2004. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
3. ^ "Protestas en las sedes del PP por los atentados del 11M" (in Spanish). RTVE. 13 March 2004. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
4. ^ "El 91% de los españoles rechaza la intervención militar en Irak, según el CIS". El País (in Spanish). 28 March 2003. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
5. ^ "El voto de castigo dio la victoria al PSOE, según la prensa". El País (in Spanish). 15 March 2004. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
6. ^ "Zapatero atribuye su victoria a las "ganas de cambio en España" y no al atentado del 11-M". El País (in Spanish). 16 March 2004. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
7. ^ "El PSOE da el gran vuelco electoral". El País (in Spanish). 15 March 2004. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
8. ^ "Zapatero vence con casi 11 millones de votos". El País (in Spanish). 15 March 2004. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
9. ^ "Zapatero, investido presidente del Gobierno con mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 16 April 2004. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
10. ^ Const. Esp. (1978), tit. III, ch. I, art. 66.
11. ^ "Sinopsis artículo 66". Constitución española (in Spanish). Congress of Deputies. Retrieved 12 September 2020, summarizing Const. Esp. (1978), tit. III, ch. I, art. 66.
12. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. I, art. 2.
13. ^ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
14. ^ Const. Esp. (1978), tit. III, ch. I, art. 68.
15. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. II, ch. III, art. 162–164.
16. ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
17. ^ a b "Real Decreto 100/2004, de 19 de enero, de disolución del Congreso de los Diputados y del Senado y de convocatoria de elecciones" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (17): 2115–2116. 20 January 2004. ISSN 0212-033X.
18. ^ Const. Esp. (1978), tit. III, ch. I, art. 69.
19. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. II, ch. III, art. 162 & 165–166.
20. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. V, art. 42.
21. ^ Const. Esp. (1978), tit. IV, art. 99.
22. ^ "Aznar disolverá el Parlamento el día 19 y convocará elecciones para el 14 de marzo". El País (in Spanish). 10 January 2004. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
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27. ^ "Grupos parlamentarios". Congress of Deputies (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 December 2020.
28. ^ "La ex ministra Alberdi se va del PSOE tras 5 meses de disputa". Diario de Córdoba (in Spanish). 17 December 2003. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
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31. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169.
32. ^ "Rajoy asume el legado de Aznar tras ser ratificado como candidato del PP a La Moncloa". El País (in Spanish). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
33. ^ "UV renuncia a sus siglas y Chiquillo irá en la lista del PP al Senado". El País (in Spanish). 29 January 2004. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
34. ^ "Juan José Imbroda candidato indiscutible". Melilla Hoy (in Spanish). 21 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
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37. ^ "Ciutadans pel Canvi se lamenta de no figurar en las listas del PSC a las generales". El País (in Spanish). 27 January 2004. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
38. ^ "Duran se afianza como cabeza de lista de CiU en las generales de 2004". El País (in Spanish). 30 November 2001. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
39. ^ "Los partidos arrancan la precampaña como una reválida de las autonómicas". El País (in Spanish). 25 January 2004. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
40. ^ "IU cierra su etapa de división y reelige a Llamazares con el 76,5% de los votos". El País (in Spanish). 22 December 2003. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
41. ^ a b "PNV y EA concurrirán por separado a los comicios de marzo". El País (in Spanish). 27 January 2004. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
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43. ^ "Carod-Rovira deja la Generalitat y se mantiene el tripartito en Cataluña" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 28 January 2004. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
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45. ^ "Carod desvincula su futuro del resultado de ERC en las elecciones legislativas". El País (in Spanish). 15 February 2004. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
46. ^ "Aralar ve difícil coligarse con EA para las elecciones". El País (in Spanish). 15 January 2004. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
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48. ^ "PNV, EA y Aralar irán juntos a las elecciones generales en Navarra". El País (in Spanish). 24 December 2003. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
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52. ^ "El PSM propone a Nanda Ramon para encabezar la lista al Congreso". Última Hora (in Spanish). 24 December 2003. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
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58. ^ "CiU incorporà l'eslògan "Prou de fer mal a Catalunya" com a resposta a l'"afer Carod"" (in Spanish). CCMA. 26 February 2004. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
59. ^ "Duran garantiza que PP y PSOE 'sudarán' por el apoyo de CiU". El Mundo (in Spanish). 27 February 2004. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
60. ^ "Los carteles de Convergència y de Unió para las elecciones generales desde 1982". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 17 December 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
61. ^ "Los lemas que ganaron elecciones". ciudadanosencrisis.wordpress.com (in Spanish). Ciudadanos en crisis. 8 November 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
62. ^ a b "La campaña electoral arranca esta noche con el estreno de los líderes de los principales partidos". El Mundo (in Spanish). 26 February 2004. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
63. ^ a b "Rajoy en Santiago y Zapatero en Madrid abren una campaña marcada por ETA" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 26 February 2004. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
64. ^ "'Andalucía es nuestro trabajo', nuevo lema electoral del PA". El País (in Spanish). 11 July 2003. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
65. ^ "Del Fòrum a la consulta". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 5 May 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
66. ^ "Orain da GEROA". zabaltzen.net (in Spanish). Zabaltzen. 17 November 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
67. ^ a b "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.
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69. ^ "Elecciones al Senado 2004". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2017.
70. ^ "Congreso de los Diputados: Votaciones más importantes". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 September 2017.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Constitución Española (Spanish Constitution). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 311\. 29 December 1978 [version as of 28 August 1992]. ISSN 0212-033X. BOE-A-1978-31229. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
* Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5/1985). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 147\. 19 June 1985 [version as of 29 November 2003]. ISSN 0212-033X. BOE-A-1985-11672. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
* Carreras de Odriozola, Albert; Tafunell Sambola, Xavier (2005) [1989]. Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 1 (II ed.). Bilbao: Fundación BBVA. pp. 1072–1097. ISBN 84-96515-00-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.
* Chari, Raj (November 2004). "The 2004 Spanish Election: Terrorism as a Catalyst for Change?". West European Politics. 27 (5): 954–963. doi:10.1080/0140238042000283247. S2CID 154342689.

## External links

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* Media related to Spanish general election, 2004 at Wikimedia Commons

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