2008 Summer Paralympics

Multi-parasport event in Beijing, China

XIII Paralympic Games

Location| Beijing, China
Motto| One World, One Dream
(Chinese: 同一个世界 同一个梦想
pinyin: Tóng yīge shìjìe tóng yīge mèngxiǎng)
Nations| 146
Athletes| 3,951
Events| 472 in 20 sports
Opening| 6 September 2008
Closing| 17 September 2008
Opened by|

Hu Jintao
President of China

Closed by|

Philip Craven
President of the International Paralympic Committee

Cauldron|

Hou Bin

Stadium| Beijing National Stadium

Summer

<- Athens 2004

London 2012 ->

Winter

<- Turin 2006

Vancouver 2010 ->

2008 Summer Olympics
Iran v South Africa in wheelchair basketball at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.

The 2008 Summer Paralympic Games (Chinese: 2008年夏季残疾人奥林匹克运动会; pinyin: 2008 Nián Xiàjì Cánjí Rén Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì), the 13th Summer Paralympic Games, took place in Beijing, China, from September 6 to 17, 2008. As with the 2008 Summer Olympics, equestrian events were held in Hong Kong and sailing events in Qingdao. It was first time the new Paralympic logo featured in the Summer Paralympics since its rebranding after the 2004 Summer Paralympics.

3,951 athletes from 146 countries took part,[1] the largest number of nations ever (ten more than the 2004 Games in Athens). Five countries competed for the first time.[2] As host country, China fielded more athletes than any other country. The slogan for the 2008 Paralympics was the same as the 2008 Summer Olympics, "One World, One Dream" (simplified Chinese: 同一个世界 同一个梦想; traditional Chinese: 同一個世界 同一個夢想 Pinyin Tóng yīge shìjìe tóng yīge mèngxiǎng, lit. "One World, One Dream"). China dominated the medal count, finishing with 89 gold medals and 211 total medals, more than double the next-ranked NPC in both cases. 339 Paralympic records and 279 world records were broken.[1] International Paralympic Committee (IPC) President Philip Craven declared the Games "the greatest Paralympic Games ever."[3]

Beijing was selected to host the 2022 Winter Paralympics, making it the first city to host both Summer and Winter Games.

## Venues

[edit]

Part of a series on
2008 Summer Paralympics

* Bid process
* Torch relay
* Mascot
* Opening ceremony (flag bearers)
* Medal table
* Closing ceremony
* Event calendar
* Chronological summary
* Olympics (medal table)

* IPC
* CPC
* SF&OCHK
* BOCOG

* v
* t
* e

The Beijing National Stadium

Main articles: 2008 Summer Olympics venues and Olympic Green

Nineteen competition venues were selected—seventeen in Beijing, one in Hong Kong, and one in Qingdao.[4]

1. Beijing National Stadium (Bird Nest) - Athletics, Opening and closing ceremonies
2. Beijing National Aquatics Center (Water Cube) - Swimming
3. Beijing National Indoor Stadium (Fan) - Wheelchair basketball
4. Fencing Gymnasium of Olympic Green Convention Centre \- Boccia, Wheelchair fencing
5. Olympic Green Archery Field \- Archery
6. Olympic Green Hockey Field \- Football 5-a-side, Football 7-a-side
7. Olympic Green Tennis Centre (Flowers) - Wheelchair tennis
8. Peking University Gymnasium \- Table tennis
9. Beihang University Gymnasium \- Powerlifting
10. China Agricultural University Gymnasium \- Sitting volleyball
11. Beijing Science and Technology University Gymnasium \- Wheelchair rugby
12. Beijing Institute of Technology Gymnasium \- Goalball
13. Beijing Shooting Range Hall \- Shooting
14. Laoshan Velodrome \- Cycling (track)
15. Workers Gymnasium \- Judo
16. Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park \- Rowing
17. Triathlon Venue \- Cycling (road)
18. Hong Kong Equestrian Venues \- Equestrian
19. Qingdao International Sailing Centre \- Sailing

## Symbols

[edit]

### Emblem

[edit]

The Games's emblem, "Sky, Earth, and Human Beings" (Chinese: 天、地、人), was unveiled in July 2004, a multicolored Chinese character "之" (Chinese: zhī) stylized as an athletic figure in motion. Its red, blue and green colors represent sun, sky and earth.[5]

### Slogan

[edit]

The slogan was the same as the 2008 Summer Olympics, "One World, One Dream".

Fu Niu Lele, mascot of the 2008 Summer Paralympics

### Mascots

[edit]

The mascot was a cartoon cow named Fu Niu Lele (Chinese: 福牛乐乐), roughly meaning "Lucky Ox 'Happy'".[6]

### Theme song

[edit]

The theme song was "Flying with the Dream" Chinese: 和梦一起飞.[7] It was performed by Chinese-Tibetan singer Han Hong and Hong Kong singer and actor Andy Lau.

## Torch relay

[edit]

Main article: 2008 Summer Paralympics torch relay

The torch relay of the 2008 Summer Paralympics started from Tian Tan (Temple of Heaven) on August 28. The flame then gathered before The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests (祈年殿) and followed two routes (the "Route of Ancient China" and the "Route of Modern China"). Both routes returned to Beijing on September 5, and the torch was flamed at the National Stadium during the Opening Ceremony on September 6.

## The Games

[edit]

Further information: highlights, medal table, and medal winners

### Opening ceremony

[edit]

Main articles: 2008 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony and 2008 Summer Paralympics national flag bearers

The opening ceremony took place on September 6, 2008. The pre-ceremony performance was a succession of various musical performances, ranging from military music to folk music and a performance of Ode to Joy.[8] Following a countdown, a fireworks display signalled the beginning of the ceremony proper. The national flag of China was then raised, in accordance with usual protocol, and the national anthem of China performed.[8] Performers wearing suits in bright colours paraded round the stadium, as a welcoming ceremony preceding the athletes' entry.[8] As with the 2008 Summer Olympics, the ceremony included a parade of nations, with a flag bearer for each national team. Contrary to Olympic tradition, the national team of Greece did not enter first, as the Paralympic Games traces its roots to Stoke Mandeville rather than Olympia; the host country, as is customary in both Olympic and Paralympic Games, came last. As Chinese is written in characters and not letters, the order of the teams' entry was determined by the number of strokes in the first character of their respective countries' Simplified Chinese names.[9] Countries with the same number of strokes in the first character are sorted by those of the next character. This made Guinea (几内亚) the first country to enter as it takes two strokes to write the first character in the country's name (几). Following the athletes' parade, a performance took place, divided into chapters and sub-chapters entitled the "Journey of Space" and "Journey of Life".[8] The sunbird performance entailed Yang Haitao (杨海涛), a singer with a visual impairment, singing about dreams while an acrobat in sunbird costume descended in simulated flight from the air and "awakened the blind singer from his sleep".[8] The ceremony concludes with Hou Bin, the first Chinese paralympian to be three-time champion consecutively in the same event, lifted himself and his wheelchair up on a rope by strength of arms to the top of Beijing National Stadium, where he lit the cauldron to mark the beginning of the Games.[10]

### Closing ceremony

[edit]

Main article: 2008 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony

The 2008 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony was held at the Beijing National Stadium. It began at 8:00 pm China Standard Time (UTC+8) on September 17, 2008.[11]

### Sports

[edit]

The programme of the 2008 Summer Paralympics featured events in 20 sports.[12] The number of events in each sport is noted in parentheses.

* Archery (9) (details)
* Athletics (160) (details)
* Boccia (7) (details)
* Paralympic cycling (details)
* Road (30)
* Track (13)
* Equestrian (11) (details)
* Football 5-a-side (1) (details)
* Football 7-a-side (1) (details)
* Goalball (2) (details)
* Judo (13) (details)
* Powerlifting (20) (details)
* Rowing (4) (details)
* Sailing (3) (details)
* Shooting (12) (details)
* Swimming (140) (details)
* Table tennis (24) (details)
* Volleyball (2) (details)
* Wheelchair basketball (2) (details)
* Wheelchair fencing (10) (details)
* Wheelchair rugby (1) (details)
* Wheelchair tennis (6) (details)

Rowing made its first appearance in the Paralympics at these games.

### Calendar

[edit]

● | Opening ceremony |  ● | Event competitions |  ● | Gold medal events |  ● | Closing ceremony

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

September | 6th
Sat | 7th
Sun | 8th
Mon | 9th
Tue | 10th
Wed | 11th
Thu | 12th
Fri | 13th
Sat | 14th
Sun | 15th
Mon | 16th
Tue | 17th
Wed  | Events

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Ceremonies | OC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CC | —
Archery |  |  |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | 4 | 3 | 2 |  |  | 9
Athletics |  |  | 10 | 20 | 17 | 10 | 16 | 20 | 18 | 19 | 25 | 5 | 160
Boccia |  | ●  | ●  | 4 | ●  | ●  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 7
Cycling |  Road cycling  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 | 4 | 4 |  |  |  | 46
Track cycling  |  | 5 | 7 | 7 | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equestrian |  | ●  | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11
Football  |  5-a-side |  | ●  |  | ●  |  | ●  |  | ●  |  | ●  |  | 1 | 1
7-a-side |  |  | ●  |  | ●  |  | ●  |  | ●  |  | 1 |  | 1
Goalball |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | 2 |  |  |  | 2
Judo |  | 4 | 4 | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13
Powerlifting |  |  |  | 3 | 4 | 2 |  | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 |  | 20
Rowing |  |  |  | ●  | ●  | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4
Sailing |  |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 3
Shooting |  | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |  |  |  |  |  | 12
Swimming |  | 16 | 18 | 16 | 12 | 13 | 16 | 14 | 18 | 17 |  |  | 140
Table tennis |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | 5 | 11 | ●  | ●  | ●  | 4 | 4 |  | 24
Volleyball |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | 1 | 1 |  |  | 2
Wheelchair basketball |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | 1 | 1 |  | 2
Wheelchair fencing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 10
Wheelchair rugby |  |  |  |  |  |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | 1 |  | 1
Wheelchair tennis |  |  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | ●  | 1 | 3 | 2 |  |  | 6
Daily medal events |  | 27 | 41 | 61 | 46 | 45 | 52 | 49 | 56 | 51 | 36 | 8 | 472
Cumulative total |  | 27 | 68 | 129 | 175 | 220 | 272 | 321 | 377 | 428 | 464 | 472
September | 6th
Sat | 7th
Sun | 8th
Mon | 9th
Tue | 10th
Wed | 11th
Thu | 12th
Fri | 13th
Sat | 14th
Sun | 15th
Mon | 16th
Tue | 17th
Wed | Events

### Participating NPCs

[edit]

The following National Paralympic Committees sent delegations to compete.[13] Macau and the Faroe Islands are members of the International Paralympic Committee, but not of the International Olympic Committee; hence they participate in the Paralympic Games but not in the Olympics.

Burundi, Gabon, Georgia, Haiti Montenegro and Serbia participated in the Paralympics for the first time.[1]

Botswana was due to take part, but its single athlete, defending Paralympic champion sprinter Tshotlego Morama, withdrew prior to the Games due to injury. The country's last-minute attempt to field other athletes in her place was rejected, as they did not meet the requirement of having participated in international events.[14]

Participating National Paralympic Committees

* Afghanistan
* Algeria
* Angola
* Argentina
* Armenia
* Australia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Barbados
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Benin
* Bermuda
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Brazil
* Bulgaria
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cambodia
* Canada
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chile
* China (host)
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Ivory Coast
* Croatia
* Cuba
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* Egypt
* El Salvador
* Estonia
* Ethiopia
* Faroe Islands
* Fiji
* Finland
* France
* Gabon
* Georgia
* Germany
* Ghana
* Great Britain
* Greece
* Guatemala
* Guinea
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Hong Kong
* Hungary
* Iceland
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Ireland
* Israel
* Italy
* Jamaica
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Kenya
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Latvia
* Lebanon
* Lesotho
* Libya
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Macau
* Macedonia
* Madagascar
* Malaysia
* Mali
* Malta
* Mauritius
* Mexico
* Moldova
* Mongolia
* Montenegro
* Morocco
* Myanmar
* Namibia
* Nepal
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Norway
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Palestine
* Panama
* Papua New Guinea
* Peru
* Philippines
* Poland
* Portugal
* Puerto Rico
* Qatar
* Romania
* Russia
* Rwanda
* Samoa
* Saudi Arabia
* Senegal
* Serbia
* Singapore
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* South Africa
* South Korea
* Spain
* Sri Lanka
* Suriname
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Syria
* Chinese Taipei
* Tajikistan
* Tanzania
* Thailand
* Timor-Leste
* Tonga
* Tunisia
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* Uganda
* Ukraine
* United Arab Emirates
* United States
* Uruguay
* Uzbekistan
* Vanuatu
* Venezuela
* Vietnam
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

## Medal count

[edit]

Main article: 2008 Summer Paralympics medal table

This table is based on the medal count of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).

The ranking is sorted primarily by the number of gold medals earned by a National Paralympic Committee. The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by IPC Country Code.

* Host nation (Host nation (China))

2008 Summer Paralympics medal table[15]Rank| NPC| Gold| Silver| Bronze| Total

|
|
|
|
|

1|  China (CHN)*| 89| 70| 52| 211
2|  Great Britain (GBR)| 42| 29| 31| 102
3|  United States (USA)| 36| 35| 28| 99
4|  Ukraine (UKR)| 24| 18| 32| 74
5|  Australia (AUS)| 23| 29| 27| 79
6|  South Africa (RSA)| 21| 3| 6| 30
7|  Canada (CAN)| 19| 10| 21| 50
8|  Russia (RUS)| 18| 23| 22| 63
9|  Brazil (BRA)| 16| 14| 17| 47
10|  Spain (ESP)| 15| 21| 22| 58
11–76| Remaining NPCs| 170| 219| 229| 618
Totals (76 entries)| 473| 471| 487| 1,431

## Events highlights

[edit]

Main article: 2008 Summer Paralympics highlights

## International television

[edit]

* Australia – ABC1 and ABC2.
* Brazil – SporTV2 and Terra Networks.
* Canada – Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in English and Société Radio Canada (SRC) in French.
* China – Chinese Central Television (CCTV) provided coverage on CCTV-1 (opening and closing ceremony), CCTV-5 and CCTV-7 as all direct live telecast transmission.
* France – Eurosport
* Japan – NHK's NHK General TV provided coverage on JOAK-1
* Azerbaijan – AZTV
* Norway – NRK
* Sweden – Sveriges Television
* Turkey – TRT
* United States – Universal Sports
* United Kingdom – BBC provided coverage on BBC Television's BBC One.

In France, following the Games, Philippe Juvin, national secretary of the governing Union for a Popular Movement, accused national public television network France Télévisions of having practiced "segregation" by providing live coverage of the Beijing Olympics but only ten-minute daily summaries of events, outside prime time, for the Beijing Paralympics. France Télévisions replied that it would take Juvin to court for slander.[16][17]

## See also

[edit]

* Sports portal

* 2007 Summer Special Olympics
* 2008 Summer Olympics
* 2009 Summer Deaflympics
* 2022 Winter Paralympics

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c "Beijing 2008", International Paralympic Committee
2. ^ "CPC announces Canadian team for the 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games in China" Archived September 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Canadian Paralympic Committee, July 8, 2008.
3. ^ "IPC chief: "These are greatest Paralympic Games ever" _English_Xinhua". News.xinhuanet.com. September 17, 2008. Archived from the original on September 19, 2008. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
4. ^ "Competition Venues – The Official Website of the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games". The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. Archived from the original on July 26, 2008. Retrieved July 26, 2008.
5. ^ "Beijing Paralympics Emblem – The Official Website of the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games". Archived from the original on July 20, 2008. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
6. ^ "Introduction to the Design of Fu Niu Lele – The Official Website of the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games". Archived from the original on June 6, 2008. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
7. ^ "Beijing Paralympic theme song shows love for life". Xinhua. September 6, 2008. Archived from the original on September 29, 2008. Retrieved September 17, 2008.
8. ^ a b c d e "Full Coverage: The Opening Ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games" Archived September 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Xinhua, September 6, 2008.
9. ^ "Opening Ceremony plan released – The Official Website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games". Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2008.
10. ^ Peopledaily. "Peopledaily.com." China opens Beijing Paralympic Games in celebration of life and humanity. Retrieved on September 14, 2008.
11. ^ English People's Daily. "People's daily." 2008 Olympics Closing Ceremony – Beijing. Retrieved on September 28, 2008.
12. ^ Gibson, Owen (August 25, 2012). "Paralympics organisers feel London is launchpad for mass-market Games". The Guardian. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
13. ^ Official list Archived September 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, International Paralympic Committee.
14. ^ "Botswna locked out of Paralympics", Mmegi, September 5, 2008
15. ^ "Final medals table". BBC Sport. September 17, 2008. Archived from the original on April 23, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2024.
16. ^ "Paralympiques: L'UMP accuse" Archived September 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Journal du dimanche, September 19, 2008.
17. ^ "Jeux paralympiques: France TV va attaquer Juvin (UMP) pour diffamation" Archived September 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Agence France-Presse, September 18, 2008.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2008 Summer Paralympics.

* Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games Official Site
* International Paralympic Committee
* Paralympic Online Streaming Coverage

Preceded by

Athens

|  Summer Paralympics
Beijing
XIII Paralympic Summer Games (2008)  | Succeeded by

London

|
|

* v
* t
* e

Events at the 2008 Summer Paralympics (Beijing)

* Archery
* Athletics
* Boccia
* Cycling
* Equestrian
* Football 5-a-side
* Football 7-a-side
* Goalball
* Judo
* Powerlifting
* Rowing
* Sailing
* Shooting
* Swimming
* Table tennis
* Sitting volleyball
* Wheelchair basketball
* Wheelchair fencing
* Wheelchair rugby
* Wheelchair tennis

* v
* t
* e

Nations at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China

Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Egypt
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Mali
* Mauritius
* Namibia
* Morocco
* Nigeria
* Niger
* Rwanda
* Senegal
* South Africa
* Tanzania
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

America|

* Argentina
* Barbados
* Bermuda
* Brazil
* Canada
* Chile
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Panama
* Peru
* Puerto Rico
* Suriname
* United States
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Cambodia
* China
* East Timor
* Hong Kong
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Lebanon
* Laos
* Macau
* Malaysia
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Palestine
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Chinese Taipei
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam

Europe|

* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Faroe Islands
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Georgia
* Great Britain
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Israel
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Macedonia
* Malta
* Moldova
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine

Oceania|

* Australia
* Fiji
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Tonga
* Vanuatu

* v
* t
* e

Paralympic Games

* Charter
* Host cities
* IPC
* NPCs
* Medal tables
* Medalists
* Participating nations
* Summer
* Winter
* Sports
* Symbols

Summer Games|

* 1960 Rome
* 1964 Tokyo
* 1968 Tel Aviv
* 1972 Heidelberg
* 1976 Toronto
* 1980 Arnhem
* 1984 New York / Stoke Mandeville
* 1988 Seoul
* 1992 Barcelona / Madrid
* 1996 Atlanta
* 2000 Sydney
* 2004 Athens
* 2008 Beijing
* 2012 London
* 2016 Rio de Janeiro
* 2020 Tokyo†
* 2024 Paris
* 2028 Los Angeles
* 2032 Brisbane

Winter Games|

* 1976 Örnsköldsvik
* 1980 Geilo
* 1984 Innsbruck
* 1988 Innsbruck
* 1992 Tignes / Albertville
* 1994 Lillehammer
* 1998 Nagano
* 2002 Salt Lake City
* 2006 Turin
* 2010 Vancouver
* 2014 Sochi
* 2018 PyeongChang
* 2022 Beijing
* 2026 Milano Cortina
* 2030 French Alps
* 2034 Salt Lake City–Utah

†Postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template