2011–2013 world oil market chronology

Main article: World oil market chronology from 2003

## 2011

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Political turmoil in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and Bahrain drove oil prices to $95/barrel in late February 2011. A few days prior, oil prices on the NYMEX closed at $86. Oil prices topped at $103 on February 24 where oil production is curtailed to the political upheaval in Libya.[1]

Oil supplies remained high, and Saudi Arabia assured an increase in production to counteract shutdowns. Still, the Mideast and North African crisis led to a rise in oil prices to the highest level in two years, with gasoline prices following. Though most Libyan oil went to Europe, all oil prices reacted. The average price of gasoline in the United States increased 6 cents to $3.17.[2] On March 1, 2011, a significant drop in Libyan production and fears of more instability in other countries pushed the price of oil over $100 a barrel in New York trading, while the average price of gas reached $3.37. Despite Saudi promises, the sour type oil the country exported could not replace the more desirable sweet Libyan oil.[3] On March 7, 2011, the average price of gas having reached $3.57, individuals were making changes in their driving.[4]

The weakened U.S. Dollar resulted in a spike to $112/barrel with the national average of $3.74/gallon – with expectations of damaging the U.S. economy suggestive of a long-term recession.[5] As of April 26, the national average was $3.87 – with a fear of $4/gallon as the nationwide average prior to the summer driving season.[6]

The national average rose on May 5, 2011 for the 44th straight day, reaching $3.98. However, that same day, West Texas Intermediate crude fell below $100 a barrel, the lowest since March 16.[7] This came after crude oil for June delivery reached $114.83 on May 2, the highest since September 2008, before closing at $97.18 on May 6, a day after dropping 9%, the most dramatic single-day drop in over two years. Gas prices fell slightly on May 6, and experts predicted $3.50 a gallon by summer.[8][9][10]

In mid-June, West Texas Intermediate crude for July delivery fell nearly $2 to $93.01, the lowest price since February. The dollar was up and the euro and other currencies down, and the European economic crisis made investors concerned. London Brent crude fell 81 cents to $113.21. On June 15 the Energy Information Association said oil consumption was down 3.5% from a year earlier, but wholesale gasoline demand was up for the first time in several weeks. The price of gas on June 17 was $3.67.5 a gallon, 25.1 cents lower than a month earlier but 96.8 cents above a year earlier.[11] On June 24, the price of gas was $3.62.8 and expected to go much lower due to the opening of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. U.S. oil prices fell below $90 before rising again, and Brent crude fell 2%.[12] However, on June 29, West Texas intermediate crude had risen to $94.96, almost $5 above the lowest point reached after the previous week's action. One reason was the falling dollar, as Greece appeared less likely to default on its debt; concern over the Greek debt crisis had caused falling oil prices.[13][14] After another week, oil for August delivery had risen from $90.61 to $98.67 and gas prices were up five cents. Increased worldwide demand was one reason.[15] Brent Crude remained high at $118.38 partly due to supply problems in Europe, including lower North Sea production and the continuing war in Libya.[16]

On August 4, the price of oil dropped 6% to its lowest level in 6 months. On August 5, the price had dropped $8.82 in a week to $86.88 per barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The same pessimistic economic news that caused stock prices to fall also decreased expected energy demand, and experts predicted a gas price drop of 35 cents per gallon from the average of $3.70.[17] On August 8, oil fell over 6%, in its largest drop since May, to $81, its lowest price of the year.[18] On September 24, oil reached $79.85, down 9% for the week, due to concerns about another recession and the overall world economy. The average price of gas was $3.51, with predictions of $3.25 by November, but it was below $3 in some markets.[19]

During October, the price of oil rose 22%, the fastest pace since February, as worries over the U.S. economy decreased, leading to predictions of $4 by early 2012. As of November 8, the price reached $96.80. Gas prices were not following the increase, due to lower demand resulting from the economy, the normal decrease in travel, lower oil prices in other countries, and production of winter blends which cost less. The average rose slightly to $3.41 but predictions of $3.25 were made.[20]

## 2012

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Brent versus WTI

Shortages of oil could have resulted if Iran closed the Strait of Hormuz, through which one-fifth of exported oil travels, as a result of sanctions due to the country's nuclear policies. The price of oil stayed near $100 throughout January because of concerns over supplies, and the European debt situation. The average price of gas was $3.38 on January 20, up 17 cents from a month earlier.[21][22] Another factor was planned closing of refineries in the U.S. and Europe due to lower demand.[23] By early February, the national average was $3.48, though oil prices were at $98, the lowest in six weeks, and U.S. demand was the lowest since September 2001.[24] On February 20, benchmark March crude oil reached $105.21, the highest in nine months. This came one day after Iran's oil ministry announced an end to sales to British and French companies; though this would have little actual impact on supplies, fears resulted in higher prices. Also, approval of the bailout plan for Greece was expected, and China's action to raise the money supply was likely to stimulate the economy.[25] Brent crude was up 11% for the year to $119.58 on February 17, with cold weather in Europe and higher Third World demand, and West Texas Intermediate crude was up 19% to $103.24. The average price of gas was $3.53.[26] On February 29, the average was $3.73.[27] The average peaked at $3.94 early in April,[28][29][30][31] and on April 24, it was $3.85 compared to $3.86 a year earlier; it had been two years since gas prices were lower than the previous year. Crude oil prices were down; West Texas Intermediate was $103.55 a barrel,[32] down from over $107 late in March,[33] and Brent Crude $118.16[32] after peaking above $128 in March.[34] On May 7, benchmark U.S. crude reached $95.34, the lowest price of the year, after voters in France and Greece ousted government officials who would cut spending to solve the debt crisis.[35] Benchmark oil in New York actually rose for two days straight early in June, to $84.29. With U.S. oil supplies the highest since 1990, gas reached $3.57 on June 5.[36] After falling again to its lowest price since October 2011, Benchmark crude rose 5.8% to $82.18 on June 29, with Brent crude up 4.5% to $95.51. European bailout efforts included lending money to banks, decreasing likelihood of failures. Also, European countries decided not to buy Iranian oil. The price of gas was $3.35, the lowest since January 6.[37] On July 17, Benchmark Crude reached $89.22 and Brent crude $104 after good economic news in the United States. Gas rose to $3.40.[38]

On August 7, a California refinery fire contributed to a jump in oil futures. Other refinery problems, a pipeline leak, fears about Iran, the crisis in Syria, North Sea problems, and Tropical Storm Ernesto all contributed to a 20% jump in oil prices in six weeks. The price of gas reached $3.63 but was not expected to go much higher.[39] Good economic news in the United States contributed to oil reaching its highest price since May on August 17, with Benchmark Crude reaching $96.01, while Brent crude fell slightly to $113.71.[40]

Early in September, a mix of bad economic news from the United States and good economic news from Europe caused the price of oil to fall slightly. On September 4, Benchmark Crude reached $95.41, with Brent crude at $114.84. The price of gas went down slightly to $3.82[41] but was still the highest ever for Labor Day weekend.[42] Hurricane Isaac contributed to a temporary spike in gas prices, but on September 12 gas once again rose, to $3.86, as refineries cut production prior to the switch from summer blend gasoline to winter blend. Benchmark Crude also reached its highest level since early May and continued to rise above $99 after Federal Reserve announcements of actions to improve the economy and the 2012 diplomatic missions attacks. Brent crude rose slightly to nearly $116.[43][44][45] Early in October, the average gas price was $3.78 and falling, though still a record for the month.[46] Late in the month, the average reached $3.62 after a 13-cent drop in a week, the most since November 2008. Brent crude was down $8 in the previous month.[47] By the start of November, the average was $3.54, partly due to lower demand after Hurricane Sandy.[48] Crude oil futures fell after Barack Obama was re-elected November 6.[49] After Thanksgiving, lower U.S. oil inventories, good economic news in the United States and good news relating to the Greek bailout helped push Brent crude up to $111.04, and benchmark oil for January delivery to $87.92; benchmark oil reached $86.24 on November 28, and gas was $3.41.[50][51]

On December 13, Brent crude was down to $109.20, while benchmark oil fell slightly due to U.S. fiscal cliff concerns and rose due to Federal Reserve efforts to help the U.S. economy, ending the day at $86.77.[52] In mid-December, gas prices reached $3.25, the lowest for 2012.[53] Oil was trading for between $84 and $90.[54]

## 2013

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On January 17, with good economic news in the United States, Benchmark oil reached its highest level since September, going over $95. Brent crude rose above $110. Gas was at $3.29.[55]

Refinery shutdowns led to a dramatic rise in gas prices. Late in February, gas was at $3.78, up 14 cents from a week earlier.[56][57] On February 25, with European stock markets doing well, Benchmark crude for April rose above $94 after a significant drop the previous week due to news the Federal Reserve might end its stimulus efforts, making the dollar stronger. Brent crude was over $115.[58] Two days later gas reached its highest point, $3.79 a gallon. By mid-April, with low demand expected due to negative economic news, gas was down to $3.56 as Brent crude fell to $103.04, its lowest price since July.[59] With economic problems worldwide leading to low demand, gas prices fell 3% in April, the most in a month in ten years, to the lowest level for that month since 2010.[60]

Before Memorial Day, when gas was $3.63,[61] gas supplies fell even though oil supplies were the highest in 35 years. U.S. economic news was also negative. On May 30, Benchmark crude for July rose slightly to $93.61 after falling the previous day, and Brent crude fell slightly to $102.19.[62] On June 5 the price of oil rose again with supplies lower. Benchmark crude rose above $94. The price of gas was $3.62.[63] On June 12, the International Energy Agency said demand for oil would still rise in 2013, but not as much as previously believed due to the economy. Also, May OPEC production was the highest in seven months. Benchmark crude fell slightly to $95.31, and Brent crude rose to $103.27.[64] On June 20, with the Federal Reserve stating that its stimulus program could end if the U.S. economy continued to improve, as well as economic problems in China, Benchmark crude fell below $97. Brent crude fell to $104.24.[65]

On July 10, oil prices were the highest in more than a year as a result of lower supplies and trouble in Egypt. In the past week, Brent crude had climbed 7% to $108.51. Because too much oil was being produced for the infrastructure to handle it, West Texas Intermediate was lower than Brent crude for several years; it has returned to being consistent with Brent.[66][67] On July 5 it reached $103.22.[68] On July 19 with good economic news in the United States, Benchmark crude reached $108.05, while gas was $3.67, the highest on a Friday since March 22. Brent crude was at $108.07.[69] Gas was $3.63 on August 1, though good economic news in the U.S., China and Europe meant oil was going up again after a decline the previous week. Benchmark crude reached $107.89, while Brent crude was $109.54.[70] On August 16 Benchmark oil was $107.46 after six days of increases as Egypt's problems continued. The concern was access to the Suez Canal, which appears unlikely to be a problem but still concerns companies. Brent crude was $110.48 on August 19.[71] On August 28 West Texas intermediate reached $110.10, the highest since May 2011, and Brent crude reached $116.61, its highest point since February 19, due to concern about U.S. involvement in Syria. Meanwhile, inventories in the United States had their biggest increase in four months.[72] Benchmark crude rose to $107.56 on September 11 due to lower supplies after dropping due to hopes for a peaceful Syria solution; Brent crude rose to $111.50.[73]

Gas was $3.59 at the start of the month, but at the end of September, the price of gas was $3.39, the lowest for the time of year since 2010. The New York Mercantile Exchange price on September 27 was $102.87. Refineries had no hurricanes or other problems.[74][75] Benchmark crude fell to $103.31 on October 3 after the U.S. government shutdown, and Brent crude was $109.[76] On October 21, Benchmark crude was $99.22, the first time below $100 since July. Higher supplies and fewer threats from the Middle East were the reasons. Brent crude was $109.64 and gas reached $3.35.[77] On November 13, Brent crude reached $107.12 and was $13.24 higher than West Texas Intermediate, the largest difference since April, due to trouble in Libya and sanctions against Iran.[78] On November 25, Benchmark crude decreased to $93.92 while Brent crude reached $110.41 after the agreement regarding Iran's nuclear program.[79] On December 16, Benchmark crude rose to $97.44 and Brent crude reached $110.53 with good economic news from Europe and more Libya trouble. Gas was $3.23, three cents higher than a month earlier.[80] On December 27, due to a better economy in the United States leading to higher demand, oil closed about $100 for the first time since October. Gas was $3.27, two cents below a year earlier.[81]

## See also

[edit]

* 2014–2016 world oil market chronology
* 2017–2019 world oil market chronology
* 2020–2022 world oil market chronology
* 2023–2025 world oil market chronology

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Rooney, Ben (February 24, 2011). "Oil prices spike to $103, then drop back". CNN. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
2. ^ Clifford Krauss; Christine Hauser (February 22, 2011). "Oil Soars as Libyan Furor Shakes Markets". The New York Times.
3. ^ Clifford Krauss; Jad Mouawad (March 1, 2011). "Uncertainty Drives Up Oil Prices". The New York Times.
4. ^ Jad Mouawad; Nick Bunkley (March 8, 2011). "U.S. Economy Is Better Prepared for Rising Gas Costs". The New York Times.
5. ^ "Oil settles above $112 as dollar falls". Washington Times. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
6. ^ [dead link‍]"Gasoline rises to $3.87 per gallon". Yahoo!. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
7. ^ Chris Kahn (May 6, 2011). "Oil drops below $100 per barrel". The Sun News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013.
8. ^ Margot Habiby (May 2, 2011). "Oil Jumps to 31-Month High on Concern About Al-Qaeda Reprisals". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on May 7, 2011.
9. ^ Jonathan Fahey; Chris Kahn (May 7, 2011). "Gas price to drop as oil joins plunge". The Sun News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013.
10. ^ Blake Ellis (May 6, 2011). "Oil settles down 2.6%". CNNMoney.
11. ^ Chris Kahn (June 18, 2011). "Oil falls 2 percent, to $93 a barrel". The Sun News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013.
12. ^ "Price of gas drops 11 cents in the last two weeks". MSNBC. June 26, 2011. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011.
13. ^ Steve Hargreaves (June 30, 2011). "Oil prices rising a week after SPR release". CNNMoney.
14. ^ "Oil wavers below $91 on Greece debt". The Charleston Gazette. Associated Press. June 29, 2011.
15. ^ Sandy Shore (July 7, 2011). "Oil and gasoline prices on the rise again". Yahoo Finance. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
16. ^ Agustino Fontevecchia (July 8, 2011). "Oil Prices: Brent-WTI Spread Above $22 And Here To Stay". Forbes.
17. ^ Chris Kahn (August 6, 2011). "Gas prices expected to fall". The Sun News. Associated Press.[permanent dead link‍]
18. ^ Robert Dominguez (August 9, 2011). "Gas prices fall to lowest price all year after stock values plummet". New York Daily News.
19. ^ Jonathan Fahey (September 26, 2011). "Gas prices dip". The Sun News. Associated Press.[permanent dead link‍]
20. ^ Chris Kahn (November 9, 2011). "Oil soars, but don't worry yet at the pump". The News & Observer. Associated Press.
21. ^ "Retail gasoline prices stay high on concerns about the Middle East and Europe". The Washington Post. Associated Press. January 20, 2012. Archived from the original on September 22, 2019.
22. ^ "Iran: EU oil sanctions 'unfair' and 'doomed to fail'". BBC News. January 23, 2012.
23. ^ "AAA reports Oklahoma gas prices rising". Bloomberg Businessweek. February 1, 2012. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013.
24. ^ Gary Strauss (February 6, 2012). "Gas prices to jump". USA Today.
25. ^ Pablo Gorondi (February 20, 2012). "Oil jumps to 9-month high after Iran cuts supply". The Sun News. Associated Press.[permanent dead link‍]
26. ^ Chris Kahn (February 20, 2012). "Gas prices are highest ever for this time of year". News & Record. Associated Press.
27. ^ Matthew Craft; Christopher S. Rugaber (February 29, 2012). "Will higher gas prices derail the economy?". The Sun News. Associated Press.[permanent dead link‍]
28. ^ Zunaira Zaki (April 2, 2012). "Highest Weekly Gas Price For April". ABC News.
29. ^ Zunaira Zaki (April 9, 2012). "Gas Price Average $3.94; Stocks Close Lower". ABC News.
30. ^ Zunaira Zaki (April 16, 2012). "Gas Prices Down to $3.92". ABC News.
31. ^ Chris Kahn and Sandy Shore (April 20, 2012). "Gas prices actually start falling around the US". NBC News. Associated Press.[dead link‍]
32. ^ a b Chris Kahn (April 24, 2012). "US gasoline prices now cheaper than a year ago". Yahoo News. Associated Press.
33. ^ "2012 West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil (WTI) Prices". Union Pacific. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
34. ^ Robert Gibbons (April 17, 2012). "UPDATE 9-US crude jumps, Brent lags, spread narrows". Reuters.
35. ^ Chris Kahn (May 7, 2012). "Oil price plunges to lowest point of 2012". The Sun News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 22, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
36. ^ Sandy Shore (June 5, 2012). "Oil price rises again as investors track Europe". MSNBC.[dead link‍]
37. ^ Chris Kahn (June 29, 2012). "Oil soars as Europe moves to bolster banks". The Boston Globe. Associated Press.
38. ^ Chris Kahn (July 17, 2012). "Oil price rises on housing outlook". Beaumont Enterprise. Associated Press.
39. ^ Steve Hargreaves (August 7, 2012). "Gas prices climb 30 cents a gallon". CNNMoney.
40. ^ Samantha Bomkamp (August 7, 2012). "Oil rises; U.S. considers release from reserves". The Sun News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved August 20, 2012.
41. ^ Jonathan Fahey (September 4, 2012). "Oil slides on economic concerns". Boston Globe. Associated Press.
42. ^ Jonathan Fahey (September 4, 2012). "U.S. gas prices at highest ever for Labor Day weekend". Fox News. Associated Press.
43. ^ Chris Isidore (September 12, 2012). "Gas spike hits drivers". CNNMoney.
44. ^ "Oil climbs above $99; gasoline at avg. $3.86". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Associated Press. September 17, 2012.
45. ^ "Oil rises after Fed takes steps to boost economy". U.S. News & World Report. Associated Press. September 13, 2012.
46. ^ Jason Dearen (October 4, 2012). "Calif gas prices spike 8 cents a gallon overnight". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Associated Press.
47. ^ Steve Everly and The Associated Press (October 26, 2012). "Gasoline prices dive toward $3 a gallon". The Kansas City Star.
48. ^ "Gas prices plunge, partly due to Sandy". NBC News. Reuters. November 2, 2015.
49. ^ Jerry A. Dicolo (November 7, 2012). "Oil Prices Slump". The Wall Street Journal.
50. ^ Pablo Gorondi (November 27, 2012). "Oil prices up on brisk US retail sales, Greek deal". WCBD. Associated Press.[permanent dead link‍]
51. ^ Pablo Gorondi (November 27, 2012). "'Fiscal cliff' worries pressure oil prices". The Kansas City Star. Associated Press.
52. ^ Pablo Gorondi (December 13, 2012). "Oil slips on US talks impasse, weak demand outlook". Miami Herald. Associated Press.
53. ^ "Oil rises on new hope of 'fiscal cliff' resolution; pump prices hit $3.25 a gallon, 2012 low". The Washington Post. Associated Press. December 17, 2012. Archived from the original on December 18, 2012.
54. ^ "Oil Prices Lifted by Progress on Fiscal Cliff Talks". Fox Business. Dow Jones Newswires. December 17, 2012.[dead link‍]
55. ^ "Oil prices rise above $95 on strong US housing data and encouraging signs for job market". The Washington Post. Associated Press. January 17, 2013. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019.
56. ^ Jonathan Fahey (February 21, 2013). "Oil prices down sharply for a 2nd day". News & Observer. Associated Press.
57. ^ Pablo Gorondi (February 22, 2013). "Oil levels off after 2 days of steep losses". News & Observer. Associated Press.
58. ^ Pablo Gorondi (February 25, 2013). "Oil price gains to above $94 on weaker dollar". News & Observer. Associated Press.
59. ^ Jonathan Fahey (April 13, 2013). "Oil Falls 2 Percent, Gas Prices to Keep Dropping". ABC News. Associated Press.
60. ^ Javier David (April 30, 2013). "Gas Prices See Cheapest April in Three Years: AAA". CNBC.
61. ^ Jonathan Fahey (May 24, 2014). "Gasoline Prices Have Familiar Look as Summer Nears". ABC News. Associated Press.
62. ^ "Oil rises on signs US economy still needs stimulus". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Associated Press. May 30, 2013. Archived from the original on May 31, 2013.
63. ^ "Oil rises as US supplies of oil, gasoline drop". Houston Chronicle. Associated Press. June 5, 2013.
64. ^ "Oil price down slightly on lower demand forecast". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Associated Press. June 12, 2013.
65. ^ Pablo Gorondi (June 20, 2013). "Price of oil down below $97 a barrel after Federal Reserve says stimulus pullback likely". Star Tribune. Associated Press.
66. ^ Steve Hargreaves (July 10, 2013). "Oil prices surge above $105, gasoline tops $3.50". CNNMoney.
67. ^ Anna Louie Sussman (July 10, 2013). "Update 9-U.S. crude soars to 16-mth high; discount to Brent under $2". Reuters.
68. ^ Grant Smith and Ben Sharples (July 9, 2013). "WTI Crude Trades Near 14-Month High Before U.S. Inventory Data". Bloomberg Businessweek. Reuters. Archived from the original on July 12, 2013.
69. ^ "Oil little changed near $108; pump price at $3.67". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Associated Press. July 19, 2013. Archived from the original on July 20, 2013.
70. ^ "Oil rises nearly 3 pct. on global manufacturing strength and US jobs data". The Washington Post. Associated Press. August 1, 2013.[dead link‍]
71. ^ "Oil price falls as stock markets stall". CBS News. August 19, 2013.
72. ^ Grant Smith (August 29, 2013). "WTI Oil Falls From 2-Year High as Syria Strike Debated". Bloomberg News.
73. ^ "Oil posts slight gain as market watches Syria". Washington Post. Associated Press. September 11, 2013. Archived from the original on September 13, 2013.
74. ^ Jonathan Fahey (September 27, 2013). "Gas Prices Fall as Weather, Output Calm Markets". ABC News. Associated Press.
75. ^ "Gas prices have fallen 29 days in a row". WRBL. Associated Press. October 1, 2013.
76. ^ "Crude oil slips below $104 a barrel as US government shutdown continues". Washington Post. Associated Press. October 3, 2013. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013.
77. ^ "Oil: Price drops below $100 for 1st time since July". Tulsa World. Associated Press. October 21, 2013.
78. ^ Mark Shenk (November 13, 2013). "Crude Rises as Fuel-Price Gain Spurs Demand for Oil". Bloomberg News.
79. ^ "Oil prices drop after Iran nuclear deal". News 12 Long Island. Associated Press. November 25, 2013.
80. ^ "Oil Above $97 on Europe Hopes, Libyan Disruption". ABC News. Associated Press. December 16, 2013.
81. ^ Pablo Gorondi (January 2, 2014). "Oil price falls below $96". News & Observer. Associated Press.

## External links

[edit]

* U.S. DOE EIA energy chronology and analysis
* Oil Price History and Analysis