2014 Oregon Ballot Measure 91

Referendum legalizing marijuana

Ballot Measure 91

* * *

Control, Regulation, and Taxation of Marijuana and Industrial Hemp Act of 2014

* Legalize recreational marijuana for those aged 21 and above.
* Legalize possession of up to eight ounces of marijuana and four plants.
* Give the Oregon Liquor Control Commission the ability to regulate marijuana.

Results

Choice

| Votes  | %

|
|

Yes | 847,865 | 56.11%
No | 663,346  | 43.89%
Valid votes  | 1,511,211  | 100.00%
Invalid or blank votes  | 0  | 0.00%
Total votes | 1,511,211 | 100.00%
Registered voters/turnout | 2,178,334  | 69.37%

* * *

| Yes:

50–60%

60–70%

70–80%

| No:

50–60%

60–70%

|

Oregon Ballot Measure 91 was a 2014 ballot measure in the U.S. state of Oregon. Its passage legalized the "recreational use of marijuana, based on regulation and taxation to be determined by the Oregon Liquor Control Commission".[1]

Measure 91 was the third initiative seeking to legalize marijuana for recreational use in Oregon; previous measures were 1986's Measure 5 and 2012's Measure 80 while medical use of marijuana was legalized in Oregon in 1998. Measure 91 passed by approximately 56% to 44%.[2] Most polls leading up to the election showed majority support for legalizing recreational marijuana use among adults.[3][4][5][6]

A decade later, Oregon voters would also go on to pass Ballot Measure 119 to make it easier for cannabis workers in the state to unionize.

## Implementation

[edit]

Effective July 1, 2015 (per Section 82(1)) the measure legalizes the possession and use of marijuana for adults 21-years of age or older. Adults can carry up to one ounce of marijuana, keep up to eight ounces at home per household, and grow up to four plants per household.[7][8]

Retail sales outlets will be licensed by the Oregon Liquor Control Commission, which must begin accepting applications on or before January 4, 2016.[7] Early sales started October 1, 2015 through existing medical marijuana dispensaries.[9] Sales topped $11 million in the first week that recreational marijuana was legally available for sale in Oregon.[10]

## Fiscal impact

[edit]

Estimates project that the initiative would generate between $17 million to $40 million per year in tax revenue. Potential cost savings for the state and local governments were noted though not explicitly identified in monetary terms due to uncertainty of the measure's full effects on marijuana-related convictions and fines.[11]

## Opponents and proponents

[edit]

### Opponents

[edit]

In September 2014 the Oregon District Attorneys Association and Oregon State Sheriffs Association launched an organized opposition, Vote No on 91.[12][13] Local opponents included The Oregon Pediatric Society, the Oregon chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Medal of Honor recipient Robert D. Maxwell, state representatives John Huffman and Gene Whisnant, state senator Tim Knopp, the Oregon Republican Party, and others.[14]

### Proponents

[edit]

* City Club of Portland[15]
* Democratic Party of Oregon[16][17]
* Earl Blumenauer, Democratic representative for Oregon's 3rd congressional district[18]
* Jeff Merkley, Democratic Senator from Oregon[19]
* New Approach Oregon[20]
* Chief Petitioner Anthony Johnson[21]
* Oregon State Council for Retired Citizens[12]
* The Oregonian Editorial Board[22]
* The Register-Guard Editorial Board[23]

## Polling

[edit]

Poll source  | Date(s)
administered  | Sample
size  | Margin of
error  | Yes  | No  | Undecided

|
|
|
|
|
|

SurveyUSA | October 23–27, 2014  | 552  | ± 4.3%  | 52% | 41%  | 7%
Elway Research | October 26–27, 2014  | 403  | ± 5.0%  | 44%  | 46% | 7%
SurveyUSA | October 16–19, 2014  | 561  | ± 4.2%  | 48% | 37%  | 15%
DHM Research Archived 2014-10-30 at the Wayback Machine | October 8–11, 2014  | 516  | ± 4.3%  | 52% | 41%  | 7%
SurveyUSA | September 22–24, 2014  | 568  | ± 4.2%  | 44% | 40%  | 16%
SurveyUSA | August 1–5, 2014  | 564  | ± 4.2%  | 51% | 42%  | 6%
SurveyUSA | June 5–9, 2014  | 560  | ± 4.2%  | 51% | 41%  | 8%

## Results

[edit]

Measure 91  Choice  | Votes  | %

|
|

Yes | 847,865 | 56.11
No  | 663,346  | 43.89
Total votes | 1,511,211 | 100.00
Registered voters/turnout  | 2,178,334  | 69.37

Yes-votes on Ballot Measure 91 prevailed in 14 counties, including Multnomah County by a margin of over 40 percent. Likewise, no-votes on Ballot Measure 91 prevailed in 22 counties, although Josephine County barely rejected the measure by just two votes, and Yamhill County only by 60 votes.

County  | Yes  | Votes  | No  | Votes  | Total

|
|
|
|
|

Baker | 40.53  | 2,939  | 59.47 | 4,313 | 7,252
Benton | 60.49 | 23,092 | 39.51  | 15,086  | 38,178
Clackamas | 52.12 | 83,159 | 47.88  | 76,399  | 159,558
Clatsop | 56.47 | 8,251 | 43.53  | 6,361  | 14,612
Columbia | 53.43 | 10,898 | 46.57  | 9,500  | 20,398
Coos | 53.55 | 13,083 | 46.45  | 11,348  | 24,431
Crook | 41.15  | 3,747  | 58.85 | 5,358 | 9,105
Curry | 57.08 | 5,590 | 42.92  | 4,204  | 9,794
Deschutes | 51.86 | 37,018 | 48.14  | 34,366  | 71,384
Douglas | 45.49  | 19,214  | 54.51 | 23,020 | 42,234
Gilliam | 40.88  | 370  | 59.12 | 535 | 905
Grant | 35.20  | 1,171  | 64.80 | 2,156 | 3,327
Harney | 34.28  | 1,036  | 65.72 | 1,986 | 3,022
Hood River | 57.64 | 4,913 | 42.36  | 3,611  | 8,524
Jackson | 53.37 | 44,843 | 46.63  | 39,181  | 84,024
Jefferson | 43.72  | 3,073  | 56.28 | 3,956 | 7,029
Josephine | 49.99  | 17,311  | 50.01 | 17,313 | 34,624
Klamath | 43.87  | 10,228  | 56.13 | 13,084 | 23,312
Lake | 38.14  | 1,232  | 61.86 | 1,998 | 3,230
Lane | 60.65 | 89,926 | 39.35  | 58,352  | 148,278
Lincoln | 61.96 | 12,349 | 38.04  | 7,583  | 19,932
Linn | 47.26  | 21,043  | 52.74 | 23,483 | 44,526
Malheur | 31.28  | 2,394  | 68.72 | 5,260 | 7,654
Marion | 48.44  | 50,423  | 51.56 | 53,670 | 104,093
Morrow | 34.02  | 1,097  | 65.98 | 2,128 | 3,225
Multnomah | 71.38 | 213,137 | 28.62  | 85,474  | 298,611
Polk | 47.75  | 14,697  | 52.25 | 16,084 | 30,781
Sherman | 38.55  | 350  | 61.45 | 558 | 908
Tillamook | 55.43 | 6,016 | 44.57  | 4,837  | 10,853
Umatilla | 37.20  | 7,181  | 62.80 | 12,122 | 19,303
Union | 40.96  | 4,258  | 59.04 | 6,138 | 10,396
Wallowa | 38.84  | 1,423  | 61.16 | 2,241 | 3,664
Wasco | 48.98  | 4,637  | 51.02 | 4,830 | 9,467
Washington | 55.40 | 108,846 | 44.60  | 87,638  | 196,484
Wheeler | 36.47  | 260  | 63.53 | 453 | 713
Yamhill | 49.92  | 18,660  | 50.08 | 18,720 | 37,380

Source: Oregon State Elections Division[24]

## See also

[edit]

* Cannabis portal
* Oregon portal

* Cannabis in Oregon
* "Burnside Burn", an event held on Portland's Burnside Bridge the night the law went into effect
* Oregon Ballot Measure 67 (1998)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Wong, Peter (August 1, 2014). "Numbers assigned to state measures". Portland Tribune. Archived from the original on August 3, 2014. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
2. ^ "Measure 91: Oregon voters pass legalization of recreational marijuana". KPTV. 2014-11-04. Archived from the original on 2014-11-05. Retrieved 2014-11-04.
3. ^ Mapes, Jeff (May 8, 2014). "Gay marriage, marijuana legalization measures show strong support in new Oregon poll". The Oregonian. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
4. ^ Elliott, Steve (June 13, 2014). "Oregon: New Poll Shows 51% Want To Legalize Marijuana In November". Hemp News. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
5. ^ Ferner, Matt (July 22, 2014). "Oregon Will Vote On Legalizing Recreational Marijuana In 2014". The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
6. ^ Walker, Jon (October 15, 2014). "Oregon Marijuana Legalization Initiative Winning in Latest Poll". Firedoglake. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
7. ^ a b Gordon, Tim (October 28, 2014). "Decoding legal pot: Answering questions on Measure 91". KGW.com. Archived from the original on November 5, 2014. Retrieved November 6, 2014.
8. ^ Mansur, Keith. "Three is a Magic Number - Oregon Cannabis Connection". Retrieved 2021-06-11.
9. ^ "Pot's legal in Oregon: Scenes from the first day of sales". OregonLive.com. October 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-02.
10. ^ Mehlhaf, Nina. "Oregon's first week of recreational pot sales tops $11 million. This is greater by a very wide margin than the first-week sales totals of both Colorado and Washington combined". kgw.com. KGW. Archived from the original on May 23, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
11. ^ Chokshi, Niraj (August 11, 2014). "Oregon expects up to $40 million in new revenue annually if voters legalize pot this fall". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
12. ^ a b Jaquiss, Nigel; Wilson, Kate (August 12, 2014). "Organized Opposition Mounts Against Recreational Weed Campaign". Willamette Week. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
13. ^ Mapes, Jeff (September 29, 2014). "Marijuana legalization: Opponents open campaign attacking pot products attractive to children". The Oregonian. Retrieved November 5, 2014.
14. ^ "Our Supporters". Vote No on 91. Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
15. ^ Elliott, Steve (September 4, 2014). "Oregon: Measure 91 Wins More Major Endorsements For Marijuana Legalization". Hemp News. Campaign for the Restoration and Regulation of Hemp. Archived from the original on September 5, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
16. ^ "Democratic Party of Oregon Chooses Positions on Statewide Ballot Initiatives". Democratic Party of Oregon. August 20, 2014. Archived from the original on August 24, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
17. ^ Altieri, Erik (August 20, 2014). "Democratic Party of Oregon Endorses Marijuana Legalization Initiative". National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML). Retrieved August 22, 2014.
18. ^ "Blumenauer, Marquis debate whether Oregon marijuana law is already sufficiently mellow". The Oregonian. September 12, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
19. ^ "Exclusive Interview: Merkley First U.S. Senator To Back Legalizing Marijuana". Talking Points Memo. October 22, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
20. ^ Mapes, Jeff (October 25, 2013). "With national backing, marijuana advocates file legalization measure". The Oregonian. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
21. ^ "Anthony Johnson: 14 People Who Made a Difference in 2014". Go Local PDX. December 22, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
22. ^ "It's time to legalize recreational marijuana: Editorial endorsement". The Oregonian. August 23, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
23. ^ "Legal, regulated marijuana: Yes". The Register-Guard. September 28, 2014. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
24. ^ Elections Division (December 4, 2014). "November 4, 2014, General Election, Official Abstract of Votes - Measure 91". Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved 2014-12-05.

## External links

[edit]

* Oregon Legalized Marijuana Initiative, Measure 91 (2014) at Ballotpedia

* v
* t
* e

Cannabis in Oregon

Culture|

* Third Eye Shoppe
* World Famous Cannabis Cafe

Events|

* Burnside Burn
* Emerald Empire Hempfest
* Portland Hempstalk Festival
* Salem Hempfest
* Weed the People

Law|

* Oregon Ballot Measure 67 (1998)
* Oregon Ballot Measure 80 (2012)
* Oregon Ballot Measure 91 (2014)

Organizations|

* Le'Or
* Oregon NORML
* Portland NORML
* The Hemp and Cannabis Foundation

People|

* Madeline Martinez
* Paul Stanford
* Laurie Wolf

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Cannabis in the United States

Federal law|

| Laws and bills|

* Marihuana Tax Act of 1937
* Controlled Substances Act (1970)
* Solomon–Lautenberg amendment (1990)
* Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act (2011)
* Cole Memorandum (2013)
* Rohrabacher–Farr amendment (2014)
* STATES Act (2018)
* Marijuana Justice Act (2019)
* Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act (2019)
* SAFE Banking Act (2019)
* MORE Act (2019)
* Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act (2022)
* Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act (2022)

|

Court cases|

* Leary v. United States (1969)
* Ravin v. State (1975)
* Conant v. Walters (2000)
* United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative (2001)
* Gonzales v. Raich (2005)
* Moncrieffe v. Holder (2013)
* Americans for Safe Access v. Drug Enforcement Administration (2013)

Legality by
jurisdiction|

| Recreational use|

* Alaska
* Arizona
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Illinois
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nevada
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* Ohio
* Oregon
* Rhode Island
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* Guam
* Northern Mariana Islands
* U.S. Virgin Islands
* District of Columbia

|

Medical use|

* Alabama
* Arkansas
* Florida
* Hawaii
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Mississippi
* Nebraska
* New Hampshire
* North Dakota
* Oklahoma
* Pennsylvania
* South Dakota
* Utah
* West Virginia
* Puerto Rico

Decriminalized|

* Hawaii
* Louisiana
* Mississippi
* New Hampshire
* North Carolina
* North Dakota

Illegal|

* Georgia
* Idaho
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* South Carolina
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming
* American Samoa

Regulation|

* List of United States cannabis regulatory agencies
* Cannabis product testing
* Rescheduling

Related|

* Timeline
* Congressional Cannabis Caucus
* Politicians who have admitted use
* Cannabis on American Indian reservations
* Cannabis and the U.S. military
* Marijuana Policy Project
* NORML
* Harry J. Anslinger
* Dispensaries

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