2015 Myanmar general election

Elections held in Myanmar on 8 November 2015

2015 Myanmar general election

* * *

| <- 2010 | 8 November 2015 | 2020 ->

|
|

* * *

330 of the 440 seats in the House of Representatives
221 seats needed for a majority
168 of the 224 seats in the House of Nationalities
113 seats needed for a majority
|  | First party  | Second party

|
|

|  |
Leader  | Aung San Suu Kyi | Thein Sein
Party  | NLD | USDP
Leader since  | 27 September 1988  | 2 June 2010
Leader's seat  | Kawhmu | Did not contest
Last election  | Did not contest | 259 R / 129 N
Seats before  | 37 R / 4 N | 212 R / 124 N
Seats won  | 255 R / 135 N | 30 R / 11 N
Seat change  |  218 R /  131 N |  182 R /  113 N

* * *

Results of the election in the Pyithu Hluttaw, Amyotha Hluttaw, as well as State and Regional Hluttaws. Includes results of by-elections up to 2018.

* * *

| President before election

Thein Sein
USDP

| President after election

Htin Kyaw
NLD

|

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Than Swe

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General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2015, with the National League for Democracy winning a supermajority of seats in the combined national parliament.[1] Voting occurred in all constituencies, excluding seats appointed by the military, to select Members of Assembly to seats in both the upper house (the House of Nationalities) and the lower house (the House of Representatives) of the Assembly of the Union, and State and Region Hluttaws. Ethnic Affairs Ministers were also elected by their designated electorates on the same day, although only select ethnic minorities in particular states and regions were entitled to vote for them.

These polls were the first openly contested election held in the country since 1990, which was annulled by the military government after the National League for Democracy's (NLD) victory. The poll was preceded by the 2010 general election, which was marred by a boycott and widespread allegations of systematic fraud by the victorious Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP).

The NLD won a sweeping victory, taking 86 percent of the seats in the Assembly of the Union (235 in the House of Representatives and 135 in the House of Nationalities), well more than the 67 percent supermajority needed to ensure that its preferred candidates would be elected president and second vice president in the Presidential Electoral College. While the NLD only needed a simple majority to carry on the normal business of government, it needed at least 67 percent to outvote the combined pro-military bloc in the Presidential Electoral College (the USDP and the appointed legislators representing the military). Although NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi is constitutionally barred from the presidency (as both her late husband and her children are foreign citizens), she was made the de facto head of government, after being appointed to a newly created office, the State Counsellor of Myanmar.[2]

## Preparation

[edit]

As the election approached, the ruling Union Solidarity and Development Party confirmed it would contest its winning constituencies from 2010.[3] The opposition National League for Democracy party confirmed it would contest even if a constitutional measure barring Aung San Suu Kyi from running for president was not amended.[4]

The National Unity Party confirmed it would review its winning seats from 2010 and would consider other constituencies to challenge. The National Democratic Force said the party was prepared to challenge in as many as 200 constituencies but was still determining candidates. Ethnic political groups would contest in each state based on ethnic party strongholds, although some indicated they would consider forming an alliance as the Federal Union Party.

Before the election, 91 political parties were registered to take part in 2015.

In July 2015, Myanmar's Union Election Commission (UEC) designated the number of constituencies for running in the 2015 general election of four levels of parliamentary representatives: 330 constituencies for elections to the House of Representatives (the lower house), 168 for the House of Nationalities (the upper house), 644 for the State and Regional Hluttaws (local parliaments) and 29 for ethnic ministers of the local parliaments. The UEC also issued procedures for international observers to follow in monitoring the election, which was preliminarily scheduled for the end of October or the beginning of November.[5]

The Union Election Commission cancelled elections in Kyethi and Mong Hsu townships in Shan State following armed clashes between the Tatmadaw and the insurgent Shan State Army - North. Despite calls by the Shan State Progressive Party to proceed with the elections, the UEC has denied the request, stating that it is not possible to hold free and fair elections in these areas. Elections were further cancelled in some villages in Hopang, Namtit, both of which fall within the nation's Wa Self-Administered Division, and under the control of the insurgent United Wa State Army. The cancellation of these elections will see the vacancy of 7 seats in the House of Representatives and 14 seats in the Shan State Hluttaw.

### Cancellation of by-elections

[edit]

By-elections had been scheduled to be held in November or December 2014, to elect members for six seats in the House of Nationalities, 13 in the House of Representatives, and 11 in state and regional legislatures. The seat vacancies were primarily the result of their former holders' moves to ministerial posts or departmental positions within government, but also included some other constituencies where representatives had died.[6][7][8][9] The by-elections were expected to indicate the relative strengths of the contending parties, including President Thein Sein's Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) and the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) party led by Aung San Suu Kyi.[7]

On 7 September 2014, the Union Election Commission cancelled the by-election because the period for campaigning would take place too close to that of the general elections in 2015 and because the results would therefore not have had any political significance.[10][11]

## Possible presidential candidates

[edit]

### Before election

[edit]

In the event of a USDP victory, President Thein Sein was considered the frontrunner to continue as President after the election. Commander-in-Chief of the Military Min Aung Hlaing is close to retirement and was another favourite for the presidency, but may assume the role after a transitional period headed by another ex-military figure. Aung San Suu Kyi has reiterated her desire to become the next president but constitutional changes need to take place before she would be allowed to run.[12] Although Parliament voted against most constitutional amendments on 25 June 2015 meaning that Aung San Suu Kyi cannot become president in the election,[13] Suu Kyi later stated that she would be "above the President" if the NLD won the elections.[14]

Shwe Mann, the former No. 3 in the junta who is now speaker of House of Representatives, considered reform-minded, was the most likely figure to take the mantle from Thein Sein until he was removed from his position within the party on 12 August 2015.[15][16]

### After election

[edit]

While National League for Democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi is constitutionally barred from the presidency, former commander-in-chief of Tatmadaw Tin Oo, Aung San Suu Kyi's personal physician Tin Myo Win, Htin Kyaw, Myo Aung and Tin Mar Aung are mentioned as possible presidential picks and Khun Htun Oo, Sai Nyunt Lwin and Aye Thar Aung are mentioned as possible vice presidential picks after the election.[17][18] On 10 March 2016, Htin Kyaw and Henry Van Thio were nominated as the Vice Presidents of Myanmar by NLD. Htin Kyaw was elected as the ninth president of Myanmar on 15 March 2016 by 360 of the 652 MPs at the Assembly of the Union; Aung San Suu Kyi was appointed as the State Counsellor, a position similar to Prime Minister, on 6 April 2016.

## Results

[edit]

A polling station used for elections. The ballot boxes are at the front, while the voting booths are at the rear.

The National League for Democracy (NLD) obtained a majority of the total seats in both the House of Nationalities and the House of Representatives of the Assembly of the Union, which is enough for its nominees to win election as president and first vice president in the Presidential Electoral College, and for control over national legislation.[19]

The NLD also received a majority of total combined seats in the State and Regional Hluttaws, including 21 of 29 Ministers of Ethnic Affairs. With the final tally of all elected seats (township and ethnic), it is believed they will have the ability to control most local governments and parliaments, either entirely on its own or with the support of ethnic parties. The exceptions to this are the Rakhine State Hluttaw, where the Arakan National Party won a plurality of total seats and is expected to govern with the NLD's support, and the Shan State Hluttaw, where the USDP (which won a plurality of elected seats) and Military Representatives control roughly equal seats to the combined total of the various other parties, led by the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy and the NLD in second and third place, respectively.

### House of Nationalities

[edit]

A ballot paper and rubber stamp in voting booth

168 of the 224 seats in the House of Nationalities (Amyotha Hluttaw) were up for election. The remaining 56 seats (25%) were not elected, and instead reserved for military appointees (taken from Tatmadaw personnel; officially known as "Defence Services Personnel Representatives"). There are 12 members elected per state/region, including one member from each self-administered zone.

Party| Votes| %| Seats
| National League for Democracy| 13,100,673| 57.68| 135
| Union Solidarity and Development Party| 6,406,108| 28.20| 12
| Arakan National Party| 501,962| 2.21| 10
| National Unity Party| 437,361| 1.93| 1
| Shan Nationalities League for Democracy| 362,360| 1.60| 3
| National Development Party| 227,235| 1.00| 0
| Myanmar Farmers Development Party| 214,813| 0.95| 0
| Pa-O National Organisation| 158,788| 0.70| 1
| Shan Nationalities Democratic Party| 123,198| 0.54| 0
| Kayin People's Party| 120,335| 0.53| 0
| Ta'ang National Party| 93,242| 0.41| 1
| National Democratic Force| 92,638| 0.41| 0
| Mon National Party| 78,914| 0.35| 1
| Tai-Leng Nationalities Development Party| 70,479| 0.31| 0
| All Mon Region Democracy Party| 54,130| 0.24| 0
| Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party| 40,039| 0.18| 0
| The 88 Generation Students Youth| 35,643| 0.16| 0
| Danu National Democracy Party| 31,647| 0.14| 0
| Chin National Democratic Party| 29,561| 0.13| 0
| Kachin State Democracy Party| 27,105| 0.12| 0
| Democratic Party| 24,664| 0.11| 0
| United Democratic Party| 24,203| 0.11| 0
| Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State| 22,234| 0.10| 0
| Union Pa-O National Organisation| 19,007| 0.08| 0
| Inn National Development Party| 15,516| 0.07| 0
| Zomi Congress for Democracy| 14,689| 0.06| 2
| Kachin National Congress for Democracy| 14,009| 0.06| 0
| Lahu National Development Party| 12,707| 0.06| 0
| Rakhine State National United Party| 12,642| 0.06| 0
| Chin League for Democracy| 10,481| 0.05| 0
| Kayin State Democracy and Development Party| 9,492| 0.04| 0
| Mro National Democracy Party| 9,487| 0.04| 0
| Lisu National Development Party| 9,177| 0.04| 0
| Federal Union Party| 9,103| 0.04| 0
| New National Democracy Party| 8,274| 0.04| 0
| All Nationals' Democracy Party Kayah State| 8,010| 0.04| 0
| Chin Progressive Party| 7,857| 0.03| 0
| Kayin Democratic Party| 6,761| 0.03| 0
| People's Party of Myanmar Farmers and Workers| 6,294| 0.03| 0
| Kachin Democratic Party| 6,118| 0.03| 0
| Democratic Party for A New Society| 6,099| 0.03| 0
| Kayah Unity Democracy Party| 5,625| 0.02| 0
| Arakan Patriot Party| 5,477| 0.02| 0
| Danu National Organisation Party| 5,258| 0.02| 0
| Khumi (Khami) National Party| 4,882| 0.02| 0
| Women Party (Mon)| 4,676| 0.02| 0
| Lhaovo National Unity and Development Party| 4,046| 0.02| 0
| Ethnic National Development Party| 3,823| 0.02| 0
| Eastern Shan State Development Democratic Party| 3,641| 0.02| 0
| Kayan National Party| 3,543| 0.02| 0
| Dawei Nationality Party| 3,081| 0.01| 0
| Wa National Unity Party| 2,990| 0.01| 0
| Democracy and Peace Party| 2,906| 0.01| 0
| Daingnet National Development Party| 2,723| 0.01| 0
| Kayin Unity Democratic Party| 2,680| 0.01| 0
| Myanmar National Congress Party| 2,622| 0.01| 0
| Wa Democratic Party| 2,470| 0.01| 0
| Public Contribute Students Democracy Party| 2,386| 0.01| 0
| Shan State Kokang Democratic Party| 2,294| 0.01| 0
| Union Democratic Party| 2,244| 0.01| 0
| Confederate Farmers Party| 2,133| 0.01| 0
| Mro National Development Party| 1,812| 0.01| 0
| Shan-Ni & Northern Shan Ethnics Solidarity Party| 1,301| 0.01| 0
| Guiding Star Party| 1,197| 0.01| 0
| National Prosperity Party| 1,046| 0.00| 0
| Zo National Region Development Party| 893| 0.00| 0
| Ka Man National Development Party| 741| 0.00| 0
| Union of Myanmar Federation of National Politics| 730| 0.00| 0
| Mro Nationality Party| 329| 0.00| 0
| New Society Party| 292| 0.00| 0
| 88 Generation Democracy Party| 286| 0.00| 0
| Independents| 173,455| 0.76| 2
Military appointees| | 56
Total| 22,714,637| 100.00| 224
Valid votes| 22,714,637| 94.85|
Invalid/blank votes| 1,232,072| 5.15|
Total votes| 23,946,709| 100.00|
Registered voters/turnout| 34,295,334| 69.82|
Source: UEC, IPU
Representatives elected into House of Nationalities  Division  | Constituency
Number | Political Party  | Name

|
|
|

Chin State | 1 |  | NLD | Ngun Hay
2 |  | NLD | Shan Awr
3 |  | NLD | Henry Van Thio
4 |  | NLD | Zone Hlae Htan
5 |  | ZCD | Pu Gin Kam Lian
6 |  | USDP | Cin Khan Pau
7 |  | ZCD | Kyein Ngaik Man
8 |  | NLD | Mon Law Maung
9 |  | NLD | Khi Swe Win
10 |  | NLD | Larl Min Htan
11 |  | NLD | Hway Tin
12 |  | NLD | Myo Htet (a.k.a. Sa Lite Myo Htike)
Kachin State | 1 |  | NUP | J Yaw Wu
2 |  | NLD | Sheila Nan Taung (a.k.a. Ann Nan Taung)
3 |  | NLD | Ze Khaung
4 |  | NLD | Naung Na Jatan
5 |  | Independent | Za Khine Tein Yein
6 |  | NLD | Min Swe Naing
7 |  | NLD | Win Zaw
8 |  | NLD | Khin Ma Gyi
9 |  | NLD | Khin Maung Myint
10 |  | NLD | Thein Lwin
11 |  | NLD | Kham Win Thaung
12 |  | NLD | Naing Ko Ko
Kayah State | 1 |  | NLD | Phyaeyal (a.k.a. Myint Than Tun)
2 |  | NLD | Shay Ral Sha Maung
3 |  | NLD | Bawral Soe Wai
4 |  | NLD | Saw Sein Tun
5 |  | NLD | Shan Mu
6 |  | NLD | Lwee Zae
7 |  | NLD | Aung Kyaw Soe
8 |  | USDP | Kyaw Than
9 |  | Independent | Soe Thein
10 |  | USDP | Sai Thae Sein
11 |  | NLD | Naw Mya Say
12 |  | NLD | Sai Pan Pha
Kayin State | 1 |  | NLD | Saw Moe Myint (a.k.a. Samuel)
2 |  | NLD | Saw Than Htut
3 |  | NLD | Saw Chit Oo
4 |  | NLD | Nan Moe Moe Htwe
5 |  | USDP | Sai Than Naing
6 |  | USDP | Nan Ni Ni Aye
7 |  | NLD | Naw Christ Tun (a.k.a. Arr Kar Moe)
8 |  | NLD | Mahn Win Khaing Than
9 |  | NLD | Saw B Sam Thein Myint
10 |  | NLD | Myo Aung
11 |  | NLD | Naw Sar Mu Htoo
12 |  | NLD | Saw Yar Phaung Awa
Mon State | 1 |  | NLD | Aye Min Han
2 |  | NLD | Nwe Nwe Aung
3 |  | NLD | Khin Zaw Oo
4 |  | NLD | Lin Tin Htay
5 |  | NLD | Myat Thidar Htun
6 |  | NLD | Pe Tin
7 |  | MNP | Naing Thiha
8 |  | NLD | Myo Win
9 |  | NLD | Zaw Lin Htut
10 |  | NLD | Soe Thiha (a.k.a. Maung Too)
11 |  | NLD | Hla Myint (a.k.a. Hla Myint Than)
12 |  | NLD | Thiri Yadanar
Rakhine State | 1 |  | ANP | Wai Sein Aung
2 |  | ANP | Tet Tun Aung
3 |  | ANP | Khin Maung Latt
4 |  | ANP | Kyaw Kyaw
5 |  | ANP | Myint Naing
6 |  | ANP | Aye Thar Aung
7 |  | USDP | Kyaw Thein
8 |  | ANP | Kyaw Kyaw Win
9 |  | ANP | Maung Kyaw Zan
10 |  | ANP | Kyaw Htan
11 |  | ANP | Htu May
12 |  | NLD | Soe Win
Shan State | 1 |  | NLD | Zaw Min Latt (a.k.a. Ko Latt)
2 |  | SNLD | Sai Tun Aung
3 |  | SNLD | Sai Wan Hlaing Kham
4 |  | SNLD | Sai Ohn Kyaw
5 |  | TNP | Nyi Sein[20]
6 |  | USDP | Sai Sai Kyauk Sam
7 |  | NLD | Sai Lone San Khat
8 |  | NLD | Ma Ma Lay
9 |  | PNO | Khin Thein Pe
10 |  | TNP | Mai Ohn Khine
11 |  | USDP | Kyaw Ni Niang
12 |  | USDP | Sai San Aung
Ayeyarwady Region | 1 |  | NLD | Soe Moe
2 |  | NLD | Sa Khin Zaw Lin
3 |  | NLD | San Myint
4 |  | NLD | Htain Win
5 |  | NLD | Maung Maung Ohn
6 |  | NLD | Man Tun Kyine
7 |  | NLD | Pya Mto
8 |  | NLD | Ei Ei Pyone
9 |  | NLD | Man Toe Shwe
10 |  | NLD | Thein Swe
11 |  | NLD | May Than Nwe
12 |  | NLD | Kyi Win
Bago Region | 1 |  | NLD | San Maung Maung
2 |  | NLD | Moe Myint Aung
3 |  | NLD | Shwe Shwe Sein Latt
4 |  | NLD | Win Myat Aye
5 |  | NLD | Tin Tin Win
6 |  | NLD | Min Oo
7 |  | NLD | Mya Thaung
8 |  | NLD | Win Myint Chit
9 |  | NLD | Aye Cho
10 |  | NLD | Win Kyaing
11 |  | NLD | Win Myint
12 |  | NLD | Aung Thein
Magwe Region | 1 |  | NLD | Hla San
2 |  | NLD | Khin Win
3 |  | NLD | Chit Htwe
4 |  | NLD | Aung Kyi Nyunt
5 |  | NLD | Tin Aung Tun
6 |  | NLD | Win Maung
7 |  | NLD | Than Than Aye
8 |  | NLD | Win Myint
9 |  | NLD | Mya Min Swe
10 |  | NLD | Kyaw Ngwe
11 |  | NLD | Kyaw Swe
12 |  | NLD | Phyu Lwin
Mandalay Region | 1 |  | NLD | Than Win
2 |  | NLD | Tun Tun Oo
3 |  | NLD | Kyaw Than Htun
4 |  | NLD | Hla Htay (a.k.a. Ohn Kyi)
5 |  | NLD | Aung Myo Latt
6 |  | NLD | Kywel Kywel
7 |  | NLD | Kyaw Tote
8 |  | USDP | Khin Aung Myint
9 |  | NLD | Maung Maung Swe
10 |  | NLD | Kyaw Myint Oo
11 |  | USDP | Soe Aung
12 |  | NLD | Kyaw Thiha
Sagaing Region | 1 |  | NLD | Kyaw Thaung
2 |  | NLD | Aung Myo
3 |  | NLD | Win Aung
4 |  | NLD | Hla Oo
5 |  | NLD | Ye Htut
6 |  | NLD | Zaw Min
7 |  | NLD | Khin Maung Win
8 |  | NLD | Ko Ko Naing
9 |  | NLD | Maung Maung Latt
10 |  | NLD | Tin Maung Win
11 |  | NLD | Nyi Nyi Htwe (a.k.a. Ko Ko Lay)
12 |  | NLD | Min Naing
Tanintharyi Region | 1 |  | NLD | Aung Win
2 |  | NLD | Thet Naing Soe
3 |  | NLD | Tun Lin
4 |  | NLD | Han Win Thein
5 |  | NLD | Lin Wai Phyo Latt
6 |  | NLD | Tin Wai
7 |  | NLD | Zaw Hein
8 |  | NLD | Okkar Min
9 |  | NLD | Kin Shein
10 |  | NLD | Soe Thein (a.k.a. Maung Soe)
11 |  | NLD | Khin Maung Win
12 |  | NLD | Khin Myo Win
Yangon Region | 1 |  | NLD | Htwe Kywe
2 |  | NLD | Htay Oo
3 |  | NLD | Myat Nyana Soe
4 |  | NLD | Than Soe (a.k.a. Than Soe (Economics))
5 |  | NLD | Ba Myo Thein
6 |  | NLD | Aung Thu
7 |  | NLD | Ye Myint Soe
8 |  | NLD | Kyaw Htwe
9 |  | NLD | Pe Chit
10 |  | NLD | Naw Hla Hla Soe
11 |  | NLD | Aye Bo
12 |  | NLD | Kyaw Naing

The list of military appointees was published as the UEC Announcement 2/2016.[21]

### House of Representatives

[edit]

There are 330 of 440 seats in the House of Representatives (Pyithu Hluttaw) that are elected, of which 323 were filled after seven seats were cancelled due to the ongoing armed insurgencies in Shan State.[22] The remaining 110 seats (25%) were not elected, and instead reserved for military appointees (taken from Tatmadaw personnel; officially known as "Defence Services Personnel Representatives"). Members are elected to constituencies based on township and population.

Party| Votes| %| Seats
| National League for Democracy| 12,821,899| 57.20| 255
| Union Solidarity and Development Party| 6,349,879| 28.33| 30
| Arakan National Party| 490,664| 2.19| 12
| National Unity Party| 418,443| 1.87| 0
| Shan Nationalities League for Democracy| 357,928| 1.60| 12
| National Development Party| 228,483| 1.02| 0
| Pa-O National Organisation| 224,673| 1.00| 3
| Myanmar Farmers Development Party| 173,420| 0.77| 0
| Shan Nationalities Democratic Party| 120,815| 0.54| 0
| National Democratic Force| 113,292| 0.51| 0
| Mon National Party| 94,721| 0.42| 0
| Ta'ang National Party| 86,394| 0.39| 3
| Kayin People's Party| 71,776| 0.32| 0
| Tai-Leng Nationalities Development Party| 62,907| 0.28| 0
| The 88 Generation Students Youth| 47,763| 0.21| 0
| All Mon Region Democracy Party| 44,798| 0.20| 0
| Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party| 37,010| 0.17| 0
| Chin National Democratic Party| 30,957| 0.14| 0
| Kachin State Democracy Party| 27,682| 0.12| 1
| Zomi Congress for Democracy| 27,142| 0.12| 2
| Lisu National Development Party| 24,096| 0.11| 2
| Danu National Democracy Party| 22,544| 0.10| 0
| Lahu National Development Party| 19,988| 0.09| 0
| Democratic Party| 19,325| 0.09| 0
| United Democratic Party| 18,683| 0.08| 0
| Chin League for Democracy| 17,117| 0.08| 0
| Rakhine State National United Party| 16,297| 0.07| 0
| Democratic Party for a New Society| 14,708| 0.07| 0
| Kokang Democracy and Unity Party| 13,990| 0.06| 1
| Federal Union Party| 12,972| 0.06| 0
| Kayin Democratic Party| 12,372| 0.06| 0
| Wa National Unity Party| 11,760| 0.05| 0
| Kachin National Congress for Democracy| 11,544| 0.05| 0
| Kayin Democratic Party–Kayin People's Party| 11,134| 0.05| 0
| Kachin Democratic Party| 11,082| 0.05| 0
| Karen National Party| 10,861| 0.05| 0
| Arakan Patriot Party| 10,439| 0.05| 0
| Kayan National Party| 9,953| 0.04| 0
| New National Democracy Party| 9,124| 0.04| 0
| Wa Democratic Party| 8,216| 0.04| 1
| People's Party of Myanmar Farmers and Workers| 7,965| 0.04| 0
| Modern People Party| 7,848| 0.04| 0
| Inn National Development Party| 7,160| 0.03| 0
| Myanmar National Congress Party| 6,845| 0.03| 0
| Lhaovo National Unity and Development Party| 6,507| 0.03| 0
| Union Pao National Organisation| 6,281| 0.03| 0
| Chin Progressive Party| 6,212| 0.03| 0
| Khumi (Khami) National Party| 5,694| 0.03| 0
| All Nationals' Democracy Party Kayah State| 5,626| 0.03| 0
| Khami National Development Party| 5,111| 0.02| 0
| Union of Myanmar Federation of National Politics| 4,695| 0.02| 0
| Inn National League Party| 4,322| 0.02| 0
| Danu National Organisation Party| 4,275| 0.02| 0
| New Society Party| 3,833| 0.02| 0
| Public Contribute Students Democracy Party| 3,509| 0.02| 0
| Kayah Unity Democracy Party| 3,501| 0.02| 0
| Guiding Star Party| 3,496| 0.02| 0
| Mro National Democracy Party| 3,389| 0.02| 0
| Confederate Farmers Party| 3,283| 0.01| 0
| Peace for Diversity Party| 3,100| 0.01| 0
| Democracy Party for Myanmar New Society| 3,042| 0.01| 0
| Asho Chin National Party| 3,038| 0.01| 0
| National Unity Congress Party| 2,832| 0.01| 0
| Eastern Shan State Development Democratic Party| 2,337| 0.01| 0
| Dawei Nationality Party| 2,220| 0.01| 0
| Shan State Kokang Democratic Party| 2,071| 0.01| 0
| Akha National Development Party| 2,038| 0.01| 0
| National Prosperity Party| 2,005| 0.01| 0
| National Unity Party–National Development Party| 1,709| 0.01| 0
| Democracy and Peace Party| 1,374| 0.01| 0
| Union Farmer Force Party| 1,266| 0.01| 0
| Union Democratic Party| 1,106| 0.00| 0
| Shan-Ni & Northern Shan Ethnics Solidarity Party| 1,075| 0.00| 0
| Mro National Development Party| 1,053| 0.00| 0
| Women Party (Mon)| 892| 0.00| 0
| Negotiation, Stability and Peace Party| 800| 0.00| 0
| Zo National Region Development Party| 541| 0.00| 0
| People Democracy Party| 340| 0.00| 0
| Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State| 239| 0.00| 0
| Ka Man National Development Party| 121| 0.00| 0
| National Democratic Party for Development| 101| 0.00| 0
| New Era Union Party| 24| 0.00| 0
| Independents| 166,583| 0.74| 1
Military appointees| | 110
Vacant| | 7
Total| 22,416,310| 100.00| 440
Valid votes| 22,416,310| 93.75|
Invalid/blank votes| 1,495,474| 6.25|
Total votes| 23,911,784| 100.00|
Registered voters/turnout| 34,295,334| 69.72|
Source: UEC, IPU
Representatives elected into House of Representatives  Division  | Constituency
Township | Political Party  | Name

|
|
|

Chin State | Falam |  | NLD | Salai Reyalbal (a.k.a. Salai Yambel)
Hakha |  | NLD | Nia Oh
Kanpetlet |  | NLD | San Khin
Madupi |  | NLD | Par Htan
Mindat |  | NLD | Nay Lin Aung
Paletwa |  | NLD | Sein Aung
Thantlang |  | NLD | Ni Shwe Lyan
Tiddim |  | ZCD | Chin Sian Thang
Tonzang |  | ZCD | Kham Khant Htan
Kachin State | Bhamo |  | NLD | Aung Thein
Chipwi |  | USDP | Zone Taint
Hpakant |  | NLD | Tint Soe
Hsawlaw |  | LNDP | Lae Mae Lay
Injangyang |  | KSDP | Lama Naw Aung
Kawnglanghpu |  | LNDP | Armoe See
Machanbaw |  | USDP | Nam Mon Htin
Mansi |  | NLD | Chin Phae Lin
Mogaung |  | NLD | Win Naing
Mohnyin |  | NLD | San San Ei
Momauk |  | NLD | Win Aung (politician)
Myitkyina |  | NLD | In Htone Khar Naw
Nogmung |  | USDP | Ji Pan Sar
Putao |  | NLD | Moe Swe
Shwegu |  | NLD | Zarni Min
Sumprabum |  | NLD | Lone Jone Seng Mai
Tanai |  | NLD | Lin Lin Oo
Wingmaw |  | NLD | La Gan Zal Jone
Kayah State | Bawlakhe |  | USDP | Aye Maung
Demoso |  | NLD | Paw Seng
Hpasaung |  | NLD | Nan Htwe Thu
Hpruso |  | NLD | We Du
Loikaw |  | NLD | Khin Sithu
Mese |  | NLD | Than Lin Lin
Shadaw |  | NLD | Wint War Tun
Kayin State | Hlaingbwe |  | NLD | Khin Cho
Hpa-an |  | NLD | Nang Than Than Lwin
Kawkareik |  | NLD | Soe Htay
Kyain Seikgyi |  | NLD | Saw Tin Win
Myawaddy |  | NLD | Sein Bo
Phapun |  | USDP | Tun Mya Aung (a.k.a. Saw Tun Mya Aung)
Thandaung |  | NLD | Son Victor Khalite
Mon State | Bilin |  | NLD | Tin Ko Ko Oo (a.k.a. A Tut)
Chaungzon |  | NLD | Khin Htay Kwal
Kyaukmaraw |  | NLD | San Kyaw Wan Maung
Kyaikto |  | NLD | Khin Saung
Mawlamyine |  | NLD | Naing Thaung Nyunt
Mudon |  | NLD | Saw Tun
Paung |  | NLD | Mi Kon Chan
Thanbyuzayat |  | NLD | Nyan Hein
Thaton |  | NLD | Mar Mar Khaing
Ye |  | NLD | Aung Tun Khaing
Rakhine State | Ann |  | USDP | Thein Swe
Buthidaung |  | ANP | Aung Thaing Shwe
Gwa |  | NLD | Myint Wai
Kyaukphyu |  | ANP | Ba Shein
Kyauktaw |  | ANP | Oo Tun Win
Manaung |  | NLD | Tin Nu
Maungdaw |  | ANP | Hla Tun Kyaw
Minbya |  | ANP | Sit Naing
Mrauk-U |  | ANP | Oo Hla Saw
Myebon |  | ANP | Pe Than
Pauktaw |  | ANP | Aung Kyaw Dan
Ponnagyun |  | ANP | Do Tun Maung
Ramree |  | ANP | Kyaw Shwe
Rathedaung |  | ANP | Khin Saw Wai
Sittwe |  | ANP | Maung Thein Khaing
Thandwe |  | NLD | Min Kyi
Toungup |  | NLD | Ni Ni May Myint
Shan State | Hseni |  | SNLD | Sai Oo Kham
Hopang |  | WDP | Kyin Wang
Hopong |  | PNO | Kham Aung Kyaw
Hsi Hseng |  | PNO | Kham Than Htoo
Hsipaw |  | SNLD | Sai Thant Zin
Kalaw |  | NLD | Pyone Kaythi Naing
Kengtung |  | USDP | Steven
Kongyan |  | USDP | Le Kyain Phu (a.k.a. Myint Swe)
Kunhing |  | SNLD | Nan Khin Saw
Kunlong |  | KDUP | Yan Kyin Ral
Kutkai |  | USDP | T Khun Myat
Kyaukme |  | SNLD | Sai Htun Aung
Laihka |  | SNLD | Sai Mone
Linkhae |  | SNLD | Sai Ba Thein
Lashio |  | USDP | Sai Mauk Kham
Laukkaing |  | USDP | Lu Htal Hone
Lawksawk |  | USDP | Khin Maing Myint
Loilen |  | USDP | Khin Maung Thi
Mabeine |  | NLD | Aung Myint Shein
Manton |  | TNP | Nang Moe
Matman |  | Independent | Tin Aye
Mawkmai |  | USDP | Sai Ngo Seng Hein
Monghsat |  | USDP | Sai Khattiya
Mongkhet |  | USDP | Sel Ki Kaw
Mong Kung |  | SNLD | Sai Sang Mai
Mongmit |  | NLD | Toe Thaung
Mong Nai |  | SNLD | Sai San Thein
Mong Pan |  | USDP | Sai Kyaw Moe
Mong Ping |  | USDP | Sai Tun Sein
Mongpyak |  | USDP | Lin Zaw Tun
Mongtong |  | NLD | Aung Kyaw Oo
Mong Yang |  | USDP | Sai San
Mong Yai |  | SNLD | Sai Thiha Kyaw
Mong Yawng |  | NLD | Sai Tun Aung
Mu Se |  | SNLD | Sai Phoe Myat
Namtu |  | SNLD | Nan Kham Aye
Namhsan |  | TNP | Win Htoo
Namhkam |  | TNP | Tun Kyaw
Nansang |  | USDP | Htay Lwin
Nawnghkio |  | NLD | Tun Aung (a.k.a. Tun Tun Hein)
Nyaung Shwe |  | NLD | Win Myint Oo (a.k.a. Nay Myu)
Pekon |  | NLD | Phoe Maung
Pindaya |  | NLD | Soe Myint
Pinlaung |  | PNO | Khun Maung Thaung
Tangyan |  | SNLD | Sai Aung Pwint
Tachileik |  | NLD | Htay Win
Taunggyi |  | NLD | Than Ngwe
Ywangan |  | NLD | Aung Soe Min
Ayeyarwady Region | Bogale |  | NLD | Min Thaing
Dedaye |  | NLD | Khin Nyo
Danubyu |  | NLD | Tin Hla
Einme |  | NLD | Thanda
Hinthada |  | NLD | Khin Maung Yee
Ingapu |  | NLD | Aye Win
Kangyidaunt |  | NLD | Shwe Hla Kyaing
Kyaiklat |  | NLD | Yan Lin
Kyangin |  | NLD | Tun Lin Maw
Kyaunggon |  | USDP | Thein Tun
Kyonpyaw |  | NLD | Soe Aung Naing
Labutta |  | NLD | Aye Kyu
Lemyethna |  | NLD | Zaw Min Thein
Ma-ubin |  | NLD | Sein Win
Mawlamyinegyun |  | NLD | Win Swe
Myanaung |  | NLD | Khin Maung Latt
Myaungmya |  | NLD | Soe Moe Thu
Ngapudaw |  | NLD | Than Aung
Nyaungdon |  | NLD | Ohn Lwin
Pantanaw |  | NLD | Man Nyunt Thein
Pathein |  | NLD | Wai Hlaing Tun
Pyapon |  | NLD | Win Htut
Thabaung |  | NLD | Thein Tun
Wakema |  | NLD | Zaw Thein
Yekyi |  | NLD | San Shwe Win
Zalun |  | NLD | Aung Min
Bago Region | Bago |  | NLD | Shwe Pone
Daik-U |  | NLD | Phone Myint Aung
Gyobingauk |  | NLD | Htay Min Thein
Kawa |  | NLD | Hla Than
Kyauktaga |  | NLD | Khin Maung Oo
Kyaukkyi |  | NLD | Myint Ngwe
Letpadan |  | NLD | Kyaw Minn
Minhla |  | NLD | Than Aung Soe
Monyo |  | NLD | Kyaw Myo Min
Nattalin |  | NLD | Khin Aye
Nyaunglebin |  | NLD | Myint Thein
Okpho |  | NLD | Zaw Min
Oktwin |  | NLD | Cho Cho
Padaung |  | NLD | Khin Hnin Thit
Paukkaung |  | NLD | Ni Nio Dun
Paungde |  | NLD | Aye Min Aung (a.k.a. Y Min Min)
Pyay |  | NLD | Khin Soe Soe Kyi
Pyu |  | NLD | Than Nyunt
Shwedaung |  | NLD | Tin Soe
Shwegyin |  | NLD | Saw Thalay Saw
Tantabin |  | NLD | Zaw Win
Taungoo |  | NLD | Khin Maung Than
Thanatpin |  | NLD | Myint Oo
Tharrawaddy |  | NLD | Aung Myint
Thegon |  | NLD | Aung Than
Waw |  | NLD | Tin Htwe
Yedashe |  | NLD | Kyi Moe Naing
Zigon |  | USDP | Nyan Tun
Magwe Region | Chauk |  | NLD | Bo Gyi
Yenangyaung |  | NLD | Thar Cho (a.k.a. Tin Kyaing)
Salin |  | NLD | Kan Oo
Magway |  | NLD | Myint Oo
Thayet |  | NLD | Kan Myint
Taungdwingyi |  | NLD | Min Htein
Myothit |  | NLD | Thar Aung
Natmauk |  | NLD | Aung Tin Lin
Minbu |  | NLD | Win Win
Pwintbyu |  | NLD | Htun Htun
Kamma |  | NLD | Sein Han
Sinbaungwe |  | NLD | Nay Htet Win
Aunglan |  | NLD | Aung Thu Myint
Seikphyu |  | NLD | Aung Thaik
Saw |  | NLD | Kyaw Tin
Mindon |  | NLD | Khin Than Nu
Ngape |  | NLD | Soe Myint (a.k.a. Soe Lwin)
Sidoktaya |  | NLD | Kyaw Aung Lwin
Minhla |  | NLD | Kyaw Gyi (a.k.a. Ohn Khin)
Yesagyo |  | NLD | Toe Shwe (a.k.a. Dr Tin Htay Aye)
Myaing |  | NLD | Aung Khin Win
Pakkoku |  | NLD | Paik Ko
Pauk |  | NLD | Ye Tun Win
Gangaw |  | NLD | Yin Min Hlaing
Tilin |  | NLD | Myat Lay Oo
Mandalay Region | Amarapura |  | NLD | Soe Myint (a.k.a. Aung Zaw Myint)
Aungmyethazan |  | NLD | Hla Moe
Chanayethazan |  | NLD | Myo Naing
Chanmyathazi |  | NLD | Sai Hla Thein
Dekkhinathiri |  | NLD | Thant Zin Tun
Kyaukpadaung |  | NLD | Shwe Ko
Kyaukse |  | NLD | Tin Aung
Lewe |  | NLD | Myo Zaw Oo
Madaya |  | NLD | Zaw Min Lwin
Mahlaing |  | NLD | Hla Tung Aung
Maha Aungmye |  | NLD | Nyein Thit (a.k.a. Taung Tun)
Meiktila |  | USDP | Maung Thin
Mogok |  | NLD | Aung Nein
Myit Thar |  | NLD | Lin Lin Kyaw
Myingyan |  | NLD | Thet Lwin (a.k.a. Paw Khin)
Natogyi |  | NLD | Naing Htoo Aung
Nganzun |  | NLD | Min Thein
Nyaung-U |  | NLD | Saw
Ottarathiri |  | NLD | Kyaw Min Hlaing
Patheingye |  | NLD | Thaung Htay Lin
Pobbathiri |  | NLD | Tin Thit
Pyigyidagun |  | NLD | Kyaw Lin Soe
Pyin Oo Lwin |  | NLD | Aung Khin
Pyinmana |  | NLD | Than Soe Aung
Pyawbwe |  | USDP | Thaung Aye
Sintgaing |  | NLD | Kyi Moh Moh Lwin
Singu |  | NLD | Zaw Win Myint
Tada U |  | NLD | Soe Nwe Aye
Tatkone |  | NLD | Mae Mae Khine
Taungtha |  | NLD | Sit Aye
Thabeikkyin |  | NLD | Aung Nite
Thazi |  | USDP | Than Soe
Wundwin |  | NLD | Khin Maung Soe
Yamethin |  | USDP | Ko Ko Naung
Zabuthiri |  | NLD | Zayar Thaw
Zeyarthiri |  | USDP | Hla Htay Win
Sagaing Region | Ayadaw |  | NLD | Khin Maung Thin
Banmauk |  | NLD | Kyaw Soe
Budalin |  | NLD | Myint Han Trun
Chaung-U |  | NLD | Myo
Hkamti |  | NLD | Aung Than Sein
Homalin |  | NLD | Myo Nyunt
Indaw |  | NLD | Pyone
Kale |  | NLD | Aye Aye Mu
Kalewa |  | NLD | Thar Htoo Myint
Kanbalu |  | NLD | Hlaing Myint Han
Kani |  | NLD | Tun Tun Naing
Katha |  | NLD | Myint Kyi
Kawlin |  | NLD | Myo Zaw Aung
Kyunhla |  | NLD | Tun Win
Khin-U |  | NLD | Win Aung
Lahe |  | NLD | Thet Naung
Leshi |  | NLD | Kyaw Htay
Mawlaik |  | NLD | Cho Cho Win
Mingin |  | USDP | Maung Myint
Myinmu |  | NLD | Soe San Thet Tun
Myaung |  | NLD | Htay Ngwe
Monywa |  | NLD | Thant Zin Maung
Nanyun |  | NLD | Wan Hla
Pale |  | NLD | Khin San Hlaing
Paungbyin |  | NLD | Tun Wai
Pinlebu |  | NLD | Myint Naung
Sagaing |  | NLD | Khin Maung Thein
Salingyi |  | NLD | Win Thein Zaw
Shwebo |  | NLD | A Zin Latt
Tabayin |  | NLD | Win Myint Aung
Tamu |  | NLD | Naing Naing Win
Taze |  | NLD | Myint Tun
Tigyaing |  | NLD | Maung Maung
Wetlet |  | NLD | Myint Thein
Wuntho |  | NLD | Nay Soe Aung
Ye-U |  | NLD | Min Thein
Yinmabin |  | NLD | Aung Soe
Tanintharyi Region | Bokepyin |  | NLD | Nay Lin Tun
Dawei |  | NLD | Aung Sein
Kawthaung |  | NLD | Khin Zaw
Kyunsu |  | NLD | Tin Tin Ye
Launglon |  | NLD | Khin Sari
Myeik |  | NLD | Soe Paing Htay
Palaw |  | NLD | Ohn Khin
Tinnathayi |  | NLD | Aung Kyaw Hein
Thayetchaung |  | NLD | Aung Soe
Yebyu |  | NLD | Thet Naing Oo
Yangon Region | Ahlone |  | NLD | Ye Lwin
Bahan |  | NLD | Tun Myint
Botahtaung |  | NLD | Myint Myint Soe (a.k.a. May Soe)
Cocokyun |  | USDP | Thet Swe
Dagon |  | NLD | Thet Thet Khaing
Dagon Seikkan |  | NLD | Kyaw Win
Dala |  | NLD | Sein Mya Aye
Dawbon |  | NLD | Htay Win Aung (Pyone Cho)
East Dagon |  | NLD | Myo Aung
Hlaing |  | NLD | Aung Kyaw Kyaw Oo
Hlaingthaya |  | NLD | Than Myint
Hlegu |  | NLD | Thein Tan
Hmawbi |  | NLD | Aung Win
Htantabin |  | NLD | Nay Myo Tun
Insein |  | NLD | Maung Maung Oo
Kamayut |  | NLD | Kyaw Min
Kawhmu |  | NLD | Aung San Suu Kyi
Khayan |  | NLD | Aye Min
Kungyangon |  | NLD | Soe Thura Tun
Kyauktada |  | NLD | Nay Myo Htet
Kyauktan |  | NLD | Aye Mya Mya Myo
Kyeemyindaing |  | NLD | Zaw Win
Lanmadaw |  | NLD | Khin Maung Win
Latha |  | NLD | Khin Moh Moh Aung
Mayangone |  | NLD | May Win Myint
Mingalar Taung Nyunt |  | NLD | Phyu Phyu Thin
Mingaladon |  | NLD | Aung Hlaing Win
North Dagon |  | NLD | Khin Maung Maung
North Okkalapa |  | NLD | Than Win
Pabedan |  | NLD | Nay Pho Ba Swe
Pazundaung |  | NLD | Myint Lwin
Sanchaung |  | NLD | Bo Bo Oo
Seikkyi Kanaungto |  | NLD | Tin Tun Naing
Seikkan |  | NLD | Tin Maung Win
Shwepyitha |  | NLD | Nyan Lin
South Dagon |  | NLD | Aye Naing
Taikkyi |  | NLD | Kyaw Myint
South Okkalapa |  | NLD | Saw Naing
Tamwe |  | NLD | Win Myint
Thaketa |  | NLD | Wai Phyo Aung
Thanlyin |  | NLD | Lwin Ko Lat
Thingangyun |  | NLD | Shwe Hla (a.k.a. Shwe Hla Win)
Thongwa |  | NLD | Su Su Lwin
Twante |  | NLD | Myint Lwin
Yankin |  | NLD | Zin Mar Aung
Source: The Myanmar Times[23]

The list of military appointees was published as the UEC Announcement 1/2016.[24]

### State and Regional Hluttaws

[edit]

There are 644 district seats[25] (out of a total of 864)[a][b] in the State and Regional Hluttaws, or Local Assemblies, of which 630 were up for election after 14 seats were cancelled due to the ongoing armed insurgencies in Shan State. These figures exclude the 29 elected Ethnic Affairs Ministers, who have different election parameters and their accountability solely to an ethnic electorate, but also sit alongside the elected district and appointed military members of their respective state/region. There are two members are elected for each township of the state/region. The remaining 220 seats[26] (approximately 25% of each assembly) were not elected, and instead reserved for military appointees (taken from Tatmadaw personnel; officially known as "Defence Services Personnel Representatives").

Party| Seats| +/–

|
|

| National League for Democracy| 476| New
| Union Solidarity and Development Party| 73| –411
| Shan Nationalities League for Democracy| 25| +21
| Arakan National Party| 22| +4
| Ta'ang National Party| 7| +3
| Pa-O National Organisation| 6| 0
| Kachin State Democracy Party| 3| New
| Lisu National Development Party| 2| New
| Mon National Party| 2| New
| Wa Democratic Party| 2| +2
| Zomi Congress for Democracy| 2| +2
| All Mon Region Democracy Party| 1| –7
| Democratic Party| 1| –2
| Kayin People's Party| 1| –1
| Kokang Democracy and Unity Party| 1| +1
| Lahu National Development Party| 1| 0
| Shan Nationalities Democratic Party| 1| –30
| Tai-Leng Nationalities Development Party| 1| New
| Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State| 1| –1
| Wa National Unity Party| 1| +1
| Other parties| 0| –27
| Independents| 1| –2
Military appointees| 220| 0
Vacant| 14| –
Total| 864| –
Source: The Irrawaddy,[27][failed verification] The Myanmar Times,[23]

The list of military appointees was published as the UEC Announcement 3/2016.[28]

#### Ethnic Affairs Ministers

[edit]

29 Ministers of Ethnic Affairs for the State and Regional Assemblies were up for election.

"Under the 2008 Constitution, ethnic affairs ministers are elected to a given state or division if that division is comprised of an ethnic minority population of 0.1 percent or greater of the total populace [roughly 51,400 people].[29] If one of the country's ethnic minorities counts a state as its namesake, however, it is not granted an ethnic affairs minister (e.g., there is no Mon ethnic affairs minister in Mon State). Only voters who share an ethnic identity with a given ethnic affairs minister post are allowed to vote for candidates to the position."[30] Ministers are not elected for ethnicities that are a majority of their state or region, or where a state/region already has a self-administered region or self-administered division dedicated to those ethnic groups.[29]

Party| Seats| +/–

|
|

| National League for Democracy| 21| New
| Union Solidarity and Development Party| 2| –9
| Arakan National Party| 1| +1
| Akha National Development Party| 1| +1
| Lahu National Development Party| 1| +1
| Lisu National Development Party| 1| +1
| Tai-Leng Nationalities Development Party| 1| New
| Shan Nationalities League for Democracy| 0| –1
| Other parties| 0| –6
| Independents| 1| 0
Total| 29| –
Source: UEC[31]
Elected Ethnic Affairs Ministers  Division  | Ethnicity  | Political Party  | Name

|
|
|

Kachin State (4) | Bamar |  | NLD | Khin Maung Myint (a.k.a. U Dake)
Lisu |  | NLD | Arti Yaw Han
Rawang |  | NLD | Yan Nann Phone
Shan |  | NLD | Sai Sein Lin
Kayah State (1) | Bamar |  | USDP | Hla Myo Swe
Kayin State (3) | Bamar |  | NLD | Taza Htut Hlaing Htwe
Pa-O |  | NLD | Khun Myo Tint
Mon |  | NLD | Min Tin Win
Mon State (3) | Bamar |  | NLD | Shwe Myint
Kayin |  | NLD | Aung Myint Khaing
Pa-O |  | NLD | San Wint Khaing
Rakhine State (1) | Chin |  | NLD | Pone Bwe
Shan State (7) | Akha |  | ANDP | Are Bay Hla
Bamar |  | USDP | Aung Than Maung
Intha |  | NLD | Tun Hlaing
Kachin |  | Independent | Zote Daung
Kayan (a.k.a. Padaung) |  | NLD | Khun Aye Maung
Lahu |  | LHNDP | Yaw That
Lisu |  | LNDP | Gu Sar
Ayeyarwady Region (2) | Kayin |  | NLD | Gar Moe Myat Myat Thu
Rakhine |  | NLD | Tin Saw
Bago Region (1) | Kayin |  | NLD | Naw Pwal Say
Magway Region (1) | Chin |  | NLD | Hla Tun
Mandalay Region (1) | Shan |  | NLD | Sai Kyaw Zaw
Sagaing Region (2) | Chin |  | NLD | Lal Htaung Htan
Shan |  | TLNDP | Hmwe Hmwe Khin
Tanintharyi Region (1) | Kayin |  | NLD | Saw Lu Ka
Yangon Region (2) | Kayin |  | NLD | Pan Thinzar Myo
Rakhine |  | ANP | Zaw Aye Maung

## Reactions

[edit]

On 9 November 2015, former chairperson of the Union Solidarity and Development Party and Speaker of the House of Representatives, Shwe Mann, conceded defeat to the National League for Democracy's Than Nyunt in his hometown constituency of Phyu, announcing on his Facebook that he had 'personally congratulated' his opponent for the victory.[32]

On 9 November 2015, acting chairperson of the Union Solidarity and Development Party, Htay Oo, announced that the party had conceded defeat in a statement to Reuters.[33]

On 11 November 2015, chairperson of the National League for Democracy, Aung San Suu Kyi, called for 'national reconciliation' talks with incumbent president, Thein Sein, commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, and Speaker of the House of Representatives, Shwe Mann to be set for a later date. All have accepted her invitation.[34]

On 12 November 2015, incumbent President of Myanmar, Thein Sein, who has led political reforms during his tenure, congratulated Aung San Suu Kyi and her party on his Facebook, promising that his current government will 'respect and obey' the election results and 'transfer power peacefully'. Commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, also took to his Facebook to congratulate Suu Kyi, vowing that the Tatmadaw will co-operate with the new government following the transition. This was after a meeting conducted within the Tatmadaw's top ranks.[35] US President Barack Obama and UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon congratulated Suu Kyi on her victory and praised Thein Sein for his organisation of the election.[36] Suu Kyi also received calls from French President François Hollande, British Prime Minister David Cameron, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Philippine President Benigno Aquino III.[37][38]

## Political transition

[edit]

Myanmar's recent political history is underlined by its struggle to establish democratic structures amidst conflicting factions. This political transition from a closely held military rule to a free democratic system is widely believed to be determining the future of Myanmar. The resounding victory of Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy in 2015 general elections has raised hope for a successful culmination of this transition.[39][40]

The 2017 murder of Ko Ni, a prominent Muslim lawyer and a key member of Myanmar’s governing National League for Democracy party and the Rohingya genocide is seen as a serious blow to the country’s fragile democracy. Mr. Ko Ni’s murder has caused fears about the removal of a trusted advisor for Aung San Suu Kyi, particularly in regards to reforming Myanmar’s military-drafted Constitution and ushering the country to democracy.[41]

## Controversy

[edit]

Controversy has been raised over such issues as inaccurate voter lists, cancellation of voting in some violent areas, vilification of Burmese Muslims as a campaign tool,[42] and the ineligibility to vote of the Muslim Rohingyas.[43] According to The Economist, "No matter how many millions of Burmese vote against the Union Solidarity and Development Party, which rules the country and is backed by the army, the army will remain the real power in Myanmar."[44]

There have been allegations of fraud in many townships where unknown ballots cast as advance votes boosted the results of the Union Solidarity Development Party. The Union Election Commission has defended these votes, stating that they had arrived before the polling booths closed, and thus they were legitimate votes. In Lashio, where the National League for Democracy was expected to win, there are allegations of voting fraud which pulled USDP candidate and incumbent vice-president Sai Mauk Kham forward by more than 4000 votes. The NLD, Shan Nationalities League for Democracy and Shan Nationalities Democratic Party have agreed to file a complaint with the Union Election Commission. The UEC responded by declaring that the victory of Sai Mauk Kham was legal and that no fraud had taken place.[45]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Sum of the number of seats for election (644) and for the military (220)
2. ^ EODS reported a total of 860.[25]

## References

[edit]

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