2015 Polish parliamentary election

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| <- 2011 | 25 October 2015 | 2019 ->

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All 460 seats in the Sejm
231 seats needed for a majority
Turnout| 50.92%
|  | First party  | Second party  | Third party

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Leader  | Beata Szydło | Ewa Kopacz | Paweł Kukiz
Party  | PiS | PO | Kukiz'15
Last election  | 29.89%, 157 seats  | 39.18%, 207 seats  | New party
Seats won  | 235 | 138  | 42
Seat change  |  78  |  69  | New
Popular vote  | 5,711,687 | 3,661,474  | 1,339,094
Percentage  | 37.58% | 24.09%  | 8.81%
Swing  |  7.69pp  |  15.09pp  | New party

* * *

| Fourth party  | Fifth party  | Sixth party

Leader  | Ryszard Petru | Janusz Piechociński | Ryszard Galla
Party  | .N | PSL | MN
Last election  | New party | 8.36%, 28 seats  | 0.19%, 1 seat
Seats won  | 28  | 16  | 1
Seat change  | New |  12  |
Popular vote  | 1,155,370  | 779,875  | 27,530
Percentage  | 7.60%  | 5.13%  | 0.18%
Swing  | New party |  3.23pp  |  0.01pp

* * *

Seats won by Sejm District

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| Government before election

Kopacz cabinet
PO—PSL

| Elected Government

Szydło cabinet
PiS (ZP)

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Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 25 October 2015. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate were elected. The election was won by the largest opposition party, the right-wing Law and Justice (PiS), with 38% of the vote against the governing Civic Platform (PO), which achieved 24%. Official results, announced on 27 October, gave Law and Justice 235 of the 460 seats, a majority of four.[1] PiS vice chairwoman Beata Szydło succeeded PO leader Ewa Kopacz as Prime Minister of Poland, heading a one-party cabinet.

It was the first election for a national parliament in Europe since the 1993 Norwegian elections in which the two largest parties were led by a female candidate, and the second election in history (also since the 1993 Norwegian election) where more than three parties fielded female leadership candidates. It was also the first election in Poland since the restoration of full democracy that a party won an absolute majority in the Sejm.

Following PiS's victory in the May 2015 presidential elections, PiS would have control over both the presidency and parliament for the next eight years.

## Electoral system

[edit]

The process of election for the Sejm is through open party-list proportional representation via the D'hondt method in multi-seat constituencies, with a 5% national threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (requirements waived for ethnic minorities). The senate is elected using first-past-the-post voting in single-member districts.[2] To be included on a ballot, a senate candidate must present 2,000 signatures of support from their constituents.[3] For Sejm elections, the threshold is 5,000 signatures per constituency, though that requirement is waived for parties that have already registered lists in at least half of all constituencies (21 out of 41 as of this election).[4]

Overall, the Sejm includes 460 MPs. Should a party have 231 or more deputies in Parliament, it has an absolute majority and can thus govern autonomously, without the need for support from other parties. The constitution can be amended with a supermajority of two-thirds, or 307 deputies.

## Election date

[edit]

The date of the election, 25 October, was set by the previous President of Poland, Bronisław Komorowski.[5] The latest possible date for the election to be held was in November 2015, four years after the previous election. Prior to the announcement of the election date, the most likely dates were thought to be in October or November.

In the previous parliamentary elections in 2011 the Civic Platform–Polish People's Party coalition government, in power since 2007, won a second term. All 460 seats in the Sejm and 100 seats in the Senate were up for election.

## Parties standing in the election

[edit]

### Nationwide committees

[edit]

Party  | Leader  | Ideologies  | Political spectrum | Political groups of the European Parliament

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| Civic Platform (PO)  | Ewa Kopacz | Christian democracy, Liberal conservatism, Pro-Europeanism[6][7][8] | Centre[9][10][11] to Centre-right | European People's Party Group (EPP)
| Law and Justice (PiS)
• Solidary Poland (SP)
• Poland Together – United Right (PRZP)
• Right Wing of the Republic (PRz)  | Jarosław Kaczyński
Beata Szydło (PM candidate)  | National conservatism, Social conservatism, Euroscepticism | Right-wing[12][13][14] to far-right[15] | European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR)
| United Left[16][17][18][19] (ZL)
• Democratic Left Alliance (SLD)
• Your Movement (TR)
• Polish Socialist Party (PPS)
• Labour Union (UP)
• The Greens (Zieloni)
• Polish Labour Party[20] (PPP) | Barbara Nowacka | Social democracy, Social liberalism, Social progressivism, Green politics, Democratic socialism (minority), Feminism[17][20][21][22] | Centre-left to Left-wing | Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)
| Polish People's Party (PSL)  | Janusz Piechociński | Christian democracy, strongly based around Agrarianism, Conservatism | Centre-right | European People's Party Group (EPP)
Parties not in the Sejm before the election are below
| Coalition for the Renewal of the Republic - Liberty and Hope (KORWiN)  | Janusz Korwin-Mikke | Right libertarianism, Anti-immigration, Hard-Euroscepticism, Paleolibertarianism[23] | Right-wing[24] | Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD)
| Kukiz'15 (K'15)  | Paweł Kukiz | Populism, Anti-establishment, Anti-particracy[25] | Big tent[26] to Right-wing[27]
| .Modern (.N)  | Ryszard Petru | Social liberalism, Economic liberalism, Pro-Europeanism | Centre-left
| Together (Razem)  | collective leadership  | Social democracy, Democratic socialism, Progressivism | Left-wing

### Regional committees

[edit]

Party  | Leader  | Ideology  | Political spectrum  | Political groups of the European Parliament

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| German Minority Electoral Committee (MN)  | Ryszard Galla | Regionalism, German minority interests  | Centre
Parties not in the Sejm before the election are below
| Congress of the New Right (KNP)  | Michał Marusik | Right libertarianism, New Right, Euroscepticism | Right-wing | Europe of Nations and Freedom (ENF)
| Single-member district – Nonpartisan (JOW Bezpartyjni)  | Robert Raczyński | Pro single-member constituency | Big tent
| Committee of Zbigniew Stonoga (KWW ZS)  | Zbigniew Stonoga | Anti-communism, Civil libertarianism, Populism | Big tent
| Social Movement of the Republic of Poland (RS RP)  | Sławomir Izdebski | Agrarian socialism, Left-wing populism | Left-wing
| United for Silesia (ZdŚ)  | Dietmar Brehmer | Silesian regionalism, Fiscal federalism | Centre
| Self-Defence (Samoobrona)  | Lech Kuropatwiński | Agrarianism, Left-wing nationalism | Left-wing
| God Bless! (SzB!)  | Grzegorz Braun | Monarchism, Traditionalism, Ordoliberalism | Right-wing
| Citizens to Parliament (OdP)  | Jan Zbigniew Potocki  | Liberal democracy | Big tent

## Opinion polls

[edit]

Main article: Opinion polling for the Polish parliamentary election, 2015

Election polls

## Results

[edit]

The opposition party, Law and Justice won the election with 37.58% of the vote against the governing Civic Platform, which gained a 24.09% share.[28] Beata Szydło became the new Prime Minister, succeeding Ewa Kopacz.[29][30] Law and Justice became the first party in Poland to win majority government in a free election, since 1991. The other parties considered winners were two newcomer parties, Kukiz's Movement (third place) and Ryszard Petru's Modern party (4th place).

Two of the biggest losers were Civic Platform and the Polish People's Party. PO suffered its worst result in a parliamentary election in ten years, ending eight years of political dominance. The PSL, the junior partner in the outgoing government, had its worst result in 25 years (5.13%), just crossing the 5% threshold by a few thousand votes. Another perceived loser was the Democratic Left Alliance, Poland's largest left-wing party, which failed to win a seat for the first time since the change of system. The SLD ran as the largest partner of the United Left, which was 0.5% short of the 8% threshold for electoral alliances to win seats.

### Sejm

[edit]

Results of the Sejm election by electoral district. Blue represents Law and Justice, and orange Civic Platform.

Party| Votes| %| Seats| +/–
| Law and Justice| 5,711,687| 37.58| 235| +78
| Civic Platform| 3,661,474| 24.09| 138| –69
| Kukiz'15| 1,339,094| 8.81| 42| New
| Modern| 1,155,370| 7.60| 28| New
| United Left| 1,147,102| 7.55| 0| –67
| Polish People's Party| 779,875| 5.13| 16| –12
| KORWiN| 722,999| 4.76| 0| New
| Together| 550,349| 3.62| 0| New
| Committee of Zbigniew Stonoga| 42,731| 0.28| 0| New
| German Minority Electoral Committee| 27,530| 0.18| 1| 0
| United for Silesia| 18,668| 0.12| 0| New
| JOW Bezpartyjni| 15,656| 0.10| 0| New
| Committee of Grzegorz Braun "God Bless You!"| 13,113| 0.09| 0| New
| Congress of the New Right| 4,852| 0.03| 0| 0
| Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland| 4,266| 0.03| 0| 0
| Social Movement of the Republic of Poland| 3,941| 0.03| 0| New
| Citizens to Parliament| 1,964| 0.01| 0| New
Total| 15,200,671| 100.00| 460| 0
Valid votes| 15,200,671| 97.47|
Invalid/blank votes| 394,664| 2.53|
Total votes| 15,595,335| 100.00|
Registered voters/turnout| 30,629,150| 50.92|
Source: PKW

#### Party breakdown

[edit]

Party or alliance| Votes| %| Seats

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| United Right| | Law and Justice| 4,487,339| 29.52| 193
| Independents| 746,474| 4.91| 26
| Sovereign Poland| 277,622| 1.83| 9
| Poland Together| 145,358| 0.96| 6
| Right Wing of the Republic| 48,442| 0.32| 1
| Piast Faction| 6,452| 0.04| 0
Total| 5,711,687| 37.58| 235
| Civic Platform| | Civic Platform| 3,142,767| 20.68| 126
| Independents| 516,457| 3.40| 12
| Polish People's Party[a]| 2,250| 0.01| 0
Total| 3,661,474| 24.09| 138
| Kukiz'15| | Independents| 1,207,419| 7.94| 37
| National Movement| 73,641| 0.48| 3
| Congress of the New Right[a]| 25,831| 0.17| 1
| Real Politics Union| 12,080| 0.08| 1
| Direct Democracy| 7,611| 0.05| 0
| Right Wing of the Republic| 4,409| 0.03| 0
| Self-Defence[a]| 2,138| 0.01| 0
| Libertarian Party| 1,664| 0.01| 0
| Poland Together| 1,306| 0.01| 0
| Labour Party| 1,061| 0.01| 0
| Sovereign Poland| 1,012| 0.01| 0
| Community| 922| 0.01| 0
Total| 1,339,094| 8.81| 42
| Modern| | Independents| 965,130| 6.35| 23
| Modern| 185,188| 1.22| 5
| Women's Party| 3,707| 0.02| 0
| Polish People's Party[a]| 875| 0.01| 0
| Civic Platform[a]| 470| 0.00| 0
Total| 1,155,370| 7.60| 28
| United Left| | Democratic Left Alliance| 694,150| 4.57| 0
| Your Movement| 220,326| 1.45| 0
| Independents| 164,345| 1.08| 0
| The Greens| 35,292| 0.23| 0
| Labour Union| 18,181| 0.12| 0
| Alliance of Democrats| 3,796| 0.02| 0
| Polish Socialist Party| 3,621| 0.02| 0
| Polish Labour Party - August 80| 3,586| 0.02| 0
| Social Democracy of Poland| 1,600| 0.01| 0
| National Party of Retirees and Pensioners| 1,098| 0.01| 0
| Democratic Party – demokraci.pl| 850| 0.01| 0
Total| 1,147,102| 7.55| 0
| Polish People's Party| | Polish People's Party| 673,483| 4.43| 16
| Independents| 106,392| 0.70| 0
Total| 779,875| 5.13| 16
| KORWiN| | KORWiN| 480,029| 3.16| 0
| Independents| 231,810| 1.53| 0
| Congress of the New Right[a]| 8,085| 0.05| 0
| National Movement| 2,919| 0.02| 0
| Libertarian Party| 88| 0.00| 0
Total| 722,999| 4.76| 0
| Together| | Together| 501,195| 3.30| 0
| Independents| 49,154| 0.32| 0
Total| 550,349| 3.62| 0
| Committee of Zbigniew Stonoga| | Independents| 42,731| 0.28| 0
| German Minority| | Independents| 27,530| 0.18| 1
| United for Silesia| | Independents| 18,668| 0.12| 0
| JOW Bezpartyjni| | Independents| 15,234| 0.10| 0
| National Party of Retirees and Pensioners| 422| 0.00| 0
Total| 15,656| 0.10| 0
| Committee of Grzegorz Braun
"God Bless You!"| | Independents| 11,228| 0.07| 0
| Unity of the Nation| 520| 0.00| 0
| Real Politics Union| 477| 0.00| 0
| Congress of the New Right[a]| 356| 0.00| 0
| Popular National Alliance| 115| 0.00| 0
| National Movement| 139| 0.00| 0
| Sovereign Poland| 77| 0.00| 0
| League of Polish Families| 55| 0.00| 0
| Community| 50| 0.00| 0
| Law and Justice[a]| 43| 0.00| 0
| National Alliance of the Name of Dmowski Roman| 27| 0.00| 0
| Brave Dad| 14| 0.00| 0
| Right Wing of the Republic| 12| 0.00| 0
Total| 13,113| 0.09| 0
| Congress of the New Right| | Congress of the New Right| 2,850| 0.02| 0
| Independents| 2,002| 0.01| 0
Total| 4,852| 0.03| 0
| Self-Defence| | Self-Defence| 2,660| 0.02| 0
| Independents| 1,606| 0.01| 0
Total| 4,266| 0.03| 0
| Social Movement of
the Republic of Poland| | Social Justice Movement| 2,753| 0.02| 0
| Independents| 986| 0.01| 0
| White-Red| 192| 0.00| 0
| Freedom and Equality| 10| 0.00| 0
Total| 3,941| 0.03| 0
| Citizens to Parliament| | Independents| 1,790| 0.01| 0
| Alliance of Democrats| 155| 0.00| 0
| Civic Platform[a]| 19| 0.00| 0
Total| 1,964| 0.01| 0
Total| 15,200,346| 100.00| 460
Source: National Electoral Commission[b]

#### By constituency

[edit]

Constituency  | Turnout  | PiS | PO | Kukiz'15 | Modern | ZL | PSL | KORWiN | Razem | MN | Others  | Lead

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1 – Legnica | 46.71  | 35.70  | 25.24  | 9.59  | 7.15  | 10.45  | 3.89  | 4.32  | 3.64  | \-  | 0.00  | 10.46
2 – Wałbrzych | 44.83  | 31.15  | 32.65  | 8.81  | 6.64  | 8.76  | 3.18  | 4.30  | 3.41  | \-  | 1.09  | 1.50
3 – Wrocław | 54.08  | 31.21  | 30.49  | 8.74  | 10.65  | 6.10  | 2.60  | 5.22  | 4.21  | \-  | 0.77  | 0.72
4 – Bydgoszcz | 47.87  | 30.20  | 29.64  | 7.77  | 7.30  | 10.04  | 6.07  | 4.54  | 3.76  | \-  | 0.68  | 0.56
5 – Toruń | 44.90  | 33.57  | 25.77  | 8.32  | 6.50  | 10.76  | 6.75  | 3.90  | 3.65  | \-  | 0.78  | 7.80
6 – Lublin | 52.01  | 47.57  | 16.59  | 9.32  | 4.54  | 5.98  | 7.74  | 5.00  | 2.75  | \-  | 0.52  | 30.98
7 – Chełm | 45.30  | 48.02  | 12.31  | 10.47  | 3.75  | 7.11  | 11.39  | 4.37  | 2.39  | \-  | 0.18  | 35.71
8 – Zielona Góra | 44.63  | 28.27  | 28.21  | 8.75  | 9.99  | 10.02  | 5.12  | 4.99  | 3.99  | \-  | 0.65  | 0.06
9 – Łódź | 56.74  | 29.90  | 31.28  | 7.24  | 8.99  | 10.48  | 2.70  | 4.78  | 4.63  | \-  | 0.00  | 1.38
10 – Piotrków Trybunalski | 50.26  | 46.95  | 15.46  | 10.08  | 5.59  | 7.47  | 7.48  | 3.91  | 3.06  | \-  | 0.00  | 31.49
11 – Sieradz | 48.47  | 39.93  | 21.18  | 8.92  | 5.32  | 8.18  | 7.86  | 4.10  | 3.54  | \-  | 0.98  | 18.75
12 – Chrzanów | 54.46  | 49.05  | 20.42  | 8.67  | 5.79  | 5.33  | 3.03  | 4.45  | 3.26  | \-  | 0.00  | 28.63
13 – Kraków | 58.81  | 38.62  | 24.61  | 7.26  | 9.73  | 6.38  | 2.70  | 6.35  | 3.88  | \-  | 0.48  | 14.01
14 – Nowy Sącz | 52.18  | 60.56  | 13.95  | 7.83  | 3.69  | 2.55  | 4.16  | 4.31  | 2.13  | \-  | 0.80  | 46.61
15 – Tarnów | 51.85  | 51.99  | 14.71  | 9.60  | 4.54  | 3.41  | 8.08  | 4.72  | 2.43  | \-  | 0.53  | 37.28
16 – Płock | 46.22  | 43.78  | 16.44  | 8.41  | 5.15  | 8.14  | 10.66  | 4.07  | 3.35  | \-  | 0.00  | 27.34
17 – Radom | 49.38  | 47.49  | 17.55  | 8.41  | 4.81  | 4.82  | 9.42  | 3.91  | 2.62  | \-  | 0.98  | 29.94
18 – Siedlce | 50.56  | 51.10  | 13.55  | 8.36  | 4.63  | 4.35  | 10.23  | 4.35  | 2.66  | \-  | 0.76  | 37.55
19 – Warsaw I | 70.80  | 29.89  | 27.54  | 7.76  | 13.39  | 8.55  | 0.72  | 6.18  | 5.54  | \-  | 0.43  | 2.35
20 – Warsaw II | 60.00  | 38.80  | 25.12  | 7.22  | 10.01  | 5.66  | 3.80  | 4.81  | 3.85  | \-  | 0.73  | 13.68
21 – Opole | 43.12  | 27.77  | 26.23  | 12.57  | 7.14  | 6.75  | 3.68  | 3.95  | 3.02  | 8.14  | 0.75  | 1.54
22 – Krosno | 47.47  | 53.51  | 13.76  | 9.15  | 3.97  | 4.56  | 7.28  | 4.28  | 2.32  | \-  | 1.17  | 39.75
23 – Rzeszów | 52.56  | 56.11  | 13.11  | 9.28  | 4.16  | 4.42  | 4.67  | 4.96  | 2.29  | \-  | 1.00  | 43.00
24 – Białystok | 47.10  | 45.38  | 16.74  | 9.07  | 5.37  | 7.35  | 8.07  | 4.66  | 2.59  | \-  | 0.77  | 28.64
25 – Gdańsk | 52.55  | 29.61  | 34.72  | 7.15  | 9.17  | 6.59  | 3.02  | 5.00  | 3.98  | \-  | 0.75  | 5.11
26 – Gdynia | 51.28  | 31.22  | 33.46  | 8.02  | 8.22  | 6.64  | 3.23  | 4.43  | 4.05  | \-  | 0.75  | 2.24
27 – Bielsko-Biała | 56.35  | 40.42  | 23.57  | 9.36  | 8.27  | 6.56  | 3.42  | 4.68  | 3.72  | \-  | 0.00  | 16.82
28 – Częstochowa | 49.83  | 35.82  | 20.95  | 11.63  | 6.74  | 11.12  | 4.99  | 4.27  | 3.64  | \-  | 0.84  | 14.87
29 – Gliwice | 49.12  | 30.51  | 28.99  | 12.19  | 8.90  | 7.21  | 2.50  | 5.09  | 4.15  | \-  | 0.48  | 1.52
30 – Rybnik | 51.82  | 39.59  | 24.21  | 11.31  | 6.33  | 5.93  | 1.79  | 4.53  | 3.33  | \-  | 2.98  | 15.38
31 – Katowice | 53.92  | 32.92  | 28.37  | 10.05  | 8.66  | 6.77  | 0.99  | 5.55  | 4.08  | \-  | 2.61  | 4.55
32 – Sosnowiec | 51.41  | 29.65  | 25.56  | 10.24  | 8.97  | 13.97  | 2.35  | 4.81  | 4.44  | \-  | 0.00  | 4.09
33 – Kielce | 46.82  | 42.81  | 17.25  | 9.41  | 4.98  | 7.87  | 9.51  | 4.14  | 2.80  | \-  | 1.23  | 25.56
34 – Elbląg | 41.30  | 31.56  | 30.12  | 8.24  | 5.82  | 7.69  | 6.69  | 4.73  | 3.80  | \-  | 1.34  | 1.44
35 – Olsztyn | 43.13  | 30.42  | 27.07  | 8.97  | 6.82  | 8.76  | 8.44  | 5.10  | 3.74  | \-  | 0.68  | 3.35
36 – Kalisz | 47.27  | 31.85  | 24.69  | 7.98  | 7.04  | 8.82  | 10.98  | 4.25  | 3.17  | \-  | 1.23  | 7.16
37 – Konin | 46.64  | 37.41  | 20.23  | 8.83  | 6.94  | 11.77  | 6.86  | 3.99  | 3.98  | \-  | 0.00  | 17.18
38 – Piła | 46.07  | 27.26  | 31.02  | 9.01  | 6.98  | 9.15  | 7.66  | 4.07  | 3.92  | \-  | 0.93  | 3.76
39 – Poznań | 60.23  | 23.90  | 35.65  | 6.06  | 14.49  | 8.07  | 1.91  | 4.77  | 4.60  | \-  | 0.55  | 11.75
40 – Koszalin | 43.63  | 28.58  | 30.07  | 9.41  | 8.06  | 11.38  | 4.13  | 4.46  | 3.90  | \-  | 0.00  | 1.49
41 – Szczecin | 47.27  | 29.09  | 31.93  | 8.42  | 8.66  | 8.56  | 3.88  | 5.33  | 4.12  | \-  | 0.00  | 2.84
Poland  | 50.92  | 37.58  | 24.09  | 8.81  | 7.60  | 7.55  | 5.13  | 4.76  | 3.62  | 0.18  | 0.69  | 13.49

### Senate

[edit]

Results of the Senate election by single-mandate districts.Blue represents Law and Justice, orange - Civic Platform, green - Polish People Party, grey - independents. Results of elections 1991–2015

Party| Votes| %| Seats| +/–
| Law and Justice| 5,993,433| 39.99| 61| +30
| Civic Platform| 4,323,789| 28.85| 34| –29
| Polish People's Party| 1,109,675| 7.40| 1| –1
| United Left| 595,206| 3.97| 0| 0
| Modern| 394,817| 2.63| 0| New
| Kukiz'15| 207,156| 1.38| 0| New
| KORWiN| 186,510| 1.24| 0| New
| JOW Bezpartyjni| 113,669| 0.76| 0| New
| Citizens to Parliament| 84,246| 0.56| 0| New
| Congress of the New Right| 79,946| 0.53| 0| 0
| Democratic Party| 64,829| 0.43| 0| 0
| National Revival of Poland| 57,012| 0.38| 0| 0
| German Minority Electoral Committee| 40,472| 0.27| 0| 0
| Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland| 20,913| 0.14| 0| 0
| Social Movement of the Republic of Poland| 14,316| 0.10| 0| New
| Whites–Reds| 10,973| 0.07| 0| New
| Committee of Zbigniew Stonoga| 10,167| 0.07| 0| New
| Slavic Union| 9,562| 0.06| 0| New
| Committee of Grzegorz Braun "God Bless You!"| 7,916| 0.05| 0| New
| Real Politics Union| 6,190| 0.04| 0| 0
| Patriotic Poland| 6,090| 0.04| 0| 0
| National Movement| 5,462| 0.04| 0| New
| Labour Party| 3,380| 0.02| 0| 0
| Piast – Unity of the Thoughts of European Nations| 1,786| 0.01| 0| New
| Independents| 1,640,571| 10.95| 4| 0
Total| 14,988,086| 100.00| 100| 0
Valid votes| 14,988,086| 96.12|
Invalid/blank votes| 604,947| 3.88|
Total votes| 15,593,033| 100.00|
Registered voters/turnout| 30,629,150| 50.91|
Source: PKW, PKW

#### By constituency

[edit]

# | Voivodeship | Commission | # | Result | Elected member

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1 | Lower Silesian | Legnica | I |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Rafał Ślusarz
2 | II |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Krzysztof Mróz
3 | III |  | Law and Justice hold | Dorota Czudowska
4 | Wałbrzych | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Wiesław Kilian
5 | II |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Aleksander Szwed
6 | Wrocław | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Jarosław Duda
7 | II |  | Civic Coalition hold | Barbara Zdrojewska
8 | III |  | Independent hold | Jarosław Obremski
9 | Kuyavian-Pomeranian | Bydgoszcz | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Andrzej Kobiak
10 | II |  | Civic Coalition hold | Jan Rulewski
11 | Toruń | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Przemysław Termiński
12 | II |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Andrzej Mioduszewski
13 | III |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Józef Łyczak
14 | Lublin | Lublin | I |  | Law and Justice hold | Stanisław Gogacz
15 | II |  | Law and Justice hold | Grzegorz Czelej
16 | III |  | Law and Justice hold | Andrzej Stanisławek
17 | Chełm | I |  | Independent hold | Grzegorz Bierecki
18 | II |  | Polish People's Party hold | Józef Zając
19 | III |  | Law and Justice hold | Jerzy Chróścikowski
20 | Lubusz | Zielona Góra | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Waldemar Sługocki
21 | II |  | Civic Coalition hold | Władysław Komarnicki
22 | III |  | Civic Coalition hold | Robert Dowhan
23 | Łódź | Łódź | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Maciej Grubski
24 | II |  | Civic Coalition hold | Ryszard Bonisławski
25 | Sieradz | I |  | Law and Justice hold | Przemysław Błaszczyk
26 | II |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Maciej Łuczak
27 | III |  | Law and Justice hold | Michał Seweryński
28 | Piotrków Trybunalski | I |  | Law and Justice hold | Wiesław Dobkowski
29 | II |  | Law and Justice hold | Rafał Ambrozik
30 | Lesser Poland | Kraków | I |  | Law and Justice hold | Andrzej Pająk
31 | II |  | Law and Justice hold | Marek Pęk
32 | III |  | Civic Coalition hold | Jerzy Fedorowicz
33 | IV |  | Civic Coalition hold | Bogdan Klich
34 | Tarnów | I |  | Law and Justice hold | Zbigniew Cichoń
35 | II |  | Law and Justice hold | Kazimierz Wiatr
36 | Nowy Sącz | I |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Jan Hamerski
37 | II |  | Law and Justice hold | Stanisław Kogut
38 | Masovian | Płock | I |  | Law and Justice hold | Marek Martynowski
39 | II |  | Law and Justice hold | Jan Jackowski
40 | Warszawa | I |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Jan Żaryn
41 | II |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Konstanty Radziwiłł
42 | III |  | Independent hold | Marek Borowski
43 | IV |  | Civic Coalition hold | Marek Rocki
44 | V |  | Civic Coalition hold | Barbara Borys-Damięcka
45 | VI |  | Civic Coalition hold | Aleksander Pociej
46 | Siedlce | I |  | Law and Justice hold | Robert Mamątow
47 | II |  | Law and Justice hold | Maria Koc
48 | III |  | Law and Justice hold | Waldemar Kraska
49 | Radom | I |  | Law and Justice hold | Stanisław Karczewski
50 | II |  | Law and Justice hold | Adam Bielan
51 | Opole | Opole | I |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Jerzy Czerwiński
52 | II |  | Civic Coalition hold | Piotr Wach
53 | III |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Grzegorz Peczkis
54 | Subcarpathian | Rzeszów | I |  | Law and Justice hold | Janina Sagatowska
55 | II |  | Law and Justice hold | Zdzisław Pupa
56 | III |  | Law and Justice hold | Aleksander Bobko
57 | Krosno | I |  | Law and Justice hold | Alicja Zając
58 | II |  | Law and Justice hold | Mieczysław Golba
59 | Podlaskie | Białystok | I |  | Law and Justice hold | Bohdan Paszkowski
60 | II |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Jan Dobrzyński
61 | III |  | Law and Justice gain from Independent | Tadeusz Romańczuk
62 | Pomeranian | Słupsk | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Kazimierz Kleina
63 | II |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Waldemar Bonkowski
64 | III |  | Civic Coalition hold | Sławomir Rybicki
65 | Gdańsk | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Bogdan Borusewicz
66 | II |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Antoni Szymański
67 | III |  | Civic Coalition hold | Leszek Czarnobaj
68 | Silesian | Częstochowa | I |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Ryszard Majer
69 | II |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Artur Warzocha
70 | Katowice | I |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Krystian Probierz
71 | II |  | Civic Coalition hold | Maria Pańczyk-Pozdziej
72 | Bielsko-Biała | I |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Adam Gawęda
73 | II |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Wojciech Piecha
74 | Katowice | III |  | Civic Coalition hold | Leszek Piechota
75 | IV |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Czesław Ryszka
76 | V |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Arkadiusz Grabowski
77 | VI |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Michał Potoczny
78 | Bielsko-Biała | III |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Andrzej Kamiński
79 | IV |  | Law and Justice hold | Tadeusz Kopeć
80 | Katowice | VII |  | Civic Coalition gain from Independent | Andrzej Misiołek
81 | Świętokrzyskie | Kielce | I |  | Law and Justice hold | Jacek Włosowicz
82 | II |  | Law and Justice hold | Jarosław Rusiecki
83 | III  |  | Law and Justice hold | Krzysztof Słoń
84 | Warmian-Masurian | Elbląg | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Jerzy Wcisła
85 | II  |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Bogusława Orzechowska
86 | Olsztyn | I |  | Independent gain from Civic Coalition | Lidia Staroń
87 | II  |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Małgorzata Kopiczko
88 | Greater Poland | Piła | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Mieczysław Augustyn
89 | II |  | Civic Coalition hold | Jan Libicki
90 | Poznań | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Piotr Florek
91 | II |  | Civic Coalition hold | Jadwiga Rotnicka
92 | Konin | I  |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Robert Gaweł
93 | II  |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Margareta Budner
94 | Kalisz | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Marian Poślednik
95 | II  |  | Law and Justice gain from Polish People's Party | Łukasz Mikołajczyk
96 | III  |  | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Andrzej Wojtyła
97 | West Pomeranian | Szczecin | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Tomasz Grodzki
98 | II |  | Civic Coalition hold | Grzegorz Napieralski
99 | Koszalin | I |  | Civic Coalition hold | Grażyna Sztark
100 | II |  | Civic Coalition hold | Piotr Zientarski

## Reactions

[edit]

Political analysts noted that the election marked the first time in the post-communist era that a political party received enough votes to form a majority government.[31][32] BBC News suggested that Law and Justice's strategy of putting forward Szydło as its candidate for prime minister was a "winning formula" in the election. Szydło was widely perceived as being more moderate than PiS' outspoken leader, Jarosław Kaczyński. However, it also noted that Kaczyński could step into the role of prime minister after the election.[32]

According to the Associated Press, the new Sejm was the most right-wing parliament in Europe due to the absence of centre-left MPs in the chamber. All five parties in the Sejm tilted rightward on social issues. Between them, left-leaning alliances only gained 11 percent of the vote.[33]

Kopacz swiftly conceded defeat after exit polls from TVP showed PiS on its way to a majority, while Kaczyński declared victory and hailed his party's historic majority.[34] Kaczyński also paid tribute to his late brother, President Lech Kaczyński, who died in the 2010 plane crash.[30]

## See also

[edit]

* History of Poland (1989–present)
* List of political parties in Poland
* 2015 Polish presidential election
* 2015 Polish Constitutional Court crisis

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Individual members running on lists different from their own parties
2. ^ In result breakdown by candidate provided by the National Electoral Commission, the sum of party votes are different from final released vote totals for coalitions for United Left (by 257) and KORWiN (by 68). In the table, figures provided for each party are taken from the candidate breakdown while coalition sums are taken from the final result.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Poland's Eurosceptics win outright majority in parliament". Reuters. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
2. ^ Álvarez-Rivera, Manuel (17 October 2015). "Election Resources on the Internet: Elections to the Polish Sejm, Part I". electionresources.org. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
3. ^ "Notes on the Senate" (PDF). Senate of Poland. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
4. ^ "Sejm of the Republic of Poland". Sejm. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
5. ^ Rylukowski, Wojciech (17 July 2015). "Komorowski announces elections date". Warsaw Business Journal. Archived from the original on 21 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
6. ^ "Polish premier's departure leaves party facing test". Financial Times.
7. ^ Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír (2010). Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 9780754678403 - via google.de.
8. ^ Guardiancich, Igor (2013). Pension Reforms in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Routledge. ISBN 9780415688987 - via google.de.
9. ^ Copsey, Nathaniel (2013). "Poland:An Awkward Partner Redeemed". The Member States of the European Union (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 191.
10. ^ Szczerbiak, Aleks (2012). Poland Within the European Union: New awkward partner or new heart of Europe?. Routledge. p. 2.
11. ^ De Waele, Jean-Michel; Pacześniak, Anna (2012). "The Europeanisation of Poland's political parties and party system". Europeanisation and Party Politics. ECPR Press. p. 125.
12. ^ Michael Minkenberg (2013). "Between Tradition and Transition: the Central European Radical Right and the New European Order". In Christina Schori Liang (ed.). Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 261\. ISBN 978-1-4094-9825-4.
13. ^ Lenka Bustikova (2018). "The Radical Right in Eastern Europe". In Jens Rydgren (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. Oxford University Press. p. 574\. ISBN 978-0-19-027455-9.
14. ^ Aleks Szczerbiak (2012). Poland Within the European Union: New Awkward Partner Or New Heart of Europe?. Routledge. p. 1\. ISBN 978-0-415-38073-7.
15. ^

* Marc Santora (26 March 2019). "Poland Bashes Immigrants, but Quietly Takes Christian Ones". The New York Times. "The far-right Law and Justice party came to power in 2015, at the height of Europe's migrant crisis, after running a campaign that inspired choruses of "Poland for Poles"."
* Monika Nalepa (28 November 2017). "Poland's in crisis again. Here's what you should know about the far right's latest power-grab". The Washington Post. "Since taking control of both the presidency and the parliament in November 2015, Poland's far-right Law and Justice (PiS) party has swiftly changed the rules for public media, the secret service, education, and the military."
* "EU's top court shows how to tackle autocrats". Financial Times. 27 June 2019. "Poland's ultra-conservative Law and Justice (PiS) government followed suit last year."
* "Why will Poland not take in any Muslims?". Al Jazeera America. 8 November 2019. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020. "Poland's ultra-conservative Law and Justice Party (PiS) won a second term in office last month, a victory that critics fear will accelerate the country's slide towards authoritarianism."
* Makana Eyre; Martin Goillandeau (31 May 2019). "Poland's Government Is Systematically Silencing Opposition Voices". Foreign Policy. "Today, it is the main voice holding the ruling far-right Law and Justice (PiS) party accountable, while facing constant attacks from that government."
* "How Poland uses foreign lobbyists to fight PR wars and influence U.S. policy". OpenSecrets. 19 February 2019. "Since the 2015 election of the far-right Law and Justice party in Poland, the country's history with the Holocaust has become a point of contention with Israel."
* Zack Blumberg (11 April 2019). "Europe's far right movements come on strong, but what next?". The Michigan Daily. "In the 2015 Polish parliamentary election, the far-right Law and Justice Party, or PiS, won with an outright majority (meaning they did not need to form a coalition to govern), something that had not been done in Poland since the fall of communism in 1989."
* "Revealed: dozens of European politicians linked to US 'incubator for extremism'". Open Democracy. 27 March 2019. "He had then recently left the far right Law and Justice (PiS) party over its failure to push through a constitutional amendment that would have banned abortion in all cases."
* Yascha Mounk (30 May 2019). "What to Make of the European Elections". The Atlantic. "In Poland, the far-right Law and Justice bested a broad alliance of moderate politicians."

16. ^ "Poland's United Left puts forward candidate for PM". Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy.
17. ^ a b "Do Zjednoczonej Lewicy dołączył nowy koalicjant". interia.pl. 14 September 2015.
18. ^ "United Left presents its new leader and PM candidate". WBJ. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
19. ^ "Start". Zjednoczona Lewica.
20. ^ a b Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. "Marxismus". bpb.de.
21. ^ "Where Does the Left Come From?". internationalviewpoint.org.
22. ^ "Polska Partia Pracy". partiapracy.pl. Archived from the original on 3 July 2006. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
23. ^ "Maverick MEP Korwin-Mikke launches new party". Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy.
24. ^ "Maverick MEP Korwin-Mikke launches new party – National". Thenews.pl. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
25. ^ Rightist Party That Made Auschwitz Joke Wins Polish Elections Haaretz, 27 October 2015
26. ^ "Kulturalny flesz dnia: KUKIZ vs. PIERSI, WILDSTEIN vs. PESZEK, SHIRLEY TEMPLE". wpolityce.pl.
27. ^ Poland expected to turn inward under right-wing party The Washington Post, 26 October 2015
28. ^ Lyman, Nick (25 October 2015). "Law and Justice Party Wins in Poland's Parliamentary Elections". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
29. ^ "Poland conservatives 'win election'". BBC News. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
30. ^ a b Cienski, Jan (25 October 2015). "Polish right sweeps parliamentary elections". Politico. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
31. ^ "Poland Ousts Government as Law & Justice Gains Historic Majority". Bloomberg. 25 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
32. ^ a b "Poland elections: Conservatives secure decisive win". 25 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
33. ^ Gaeta, Vanessa (28 October 2015). "Left wing is shut out in parliamentary vote in conservative Poland". The Boston Globe. Associated Press.
34. ^ "Eurosceptic conservatives win Polish election – exit poll". RTÉ News. 25 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.

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