2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement

Students' movement demanding reforms in Bangladesh government services

For other uses, see Bangladesh quota reform movement.

Bangladesh Quota Reform Movement 2018

Quota reform protesters at University of Dhaka.

Date| 17 February 2018 - 18 July 2018
Location|

Bangladesh

Goals| Decrease amount of quotas in government jobs in Bangladesh
Methods| Processions, Road Blockade
Resulted in| The Government issued a circular reducing reserved quotas for government jobs from 56% to 35% and eliminating the freedom fighters' quota. § Outcome
Parties

Students of different universities of Bangladesh led by Bangladesh Sadharon Chhatra Odhikar Songrokkhon Parishad

Bangladesh Police

Bangladesh Chhatra League

|
|

Number

Millions[quantify]

|
|

Casualties and losses

Approx 262 injuries and 44 arrested[1]

|
|

Part of the Politics series on

Students' rights

History

* 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement
* 2021 Boğaziçi University protests
* 2021 Columbia University strike
* 2020 Thai protests
* School strike for climate
* 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement
* 2018 Bangladesh road safety protests
* 2018 "March for Our Lives"
* 2017–18 Mahatma Gandhi Central University protests
* 2017–18 Iranian protests
* 2017 Jallikattu protests
* 2015 "Fees Must Fall"
* 2015 University of Missouri protests
* 2015 Bangladesh student protests
* 2015 University of Amsterdam Bungehuis and Maagdenhuis Occupations
* 2014 Jadavpur University protests
* 2014 Hong Kong student protest for democracy
* 2014 Sunflower Student Movement
* 2014 Iguala mass kidnapping
* 2013 Bangladesh quota reform movement
* 2012 Quebec student protests
* 2011 student protests in Chile
* 2010 University of Puerto Rico Strike
* 2010 UK student protests
* 2008 Greek riots
* 2007 Dutch pupil strike
* 2006 student protests in Chile
* 2006 student uprising in Iran
* 2005 Quebec student protests
* July 1999 Iran student protests
* 1996–1997 protests in Serbia
* 1996 Quebec student protests
* 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
* 1989 Anti-SAP riots
* 1980 student protests in Kabul
* 1978 "Ali Must Go" protests
* 1976-77 Soweto uprising
* November 1973 Athens Polytechnic uprising
* 1971 Diliman Commune – Philippines
* 1970-1972 Huelga schools, Houston – United States
* 1970 Student Strike
* 1968 Protests
* 1968–69 Japanese university protests
* Third World Liberation Front strikes of 1968-
* 1968 student demonstrations in Yugoslavia
* May 1968 uprisings

*     * Mexican Movement of 1968

*     * 1968 protests in Poland
* 1968 East L.A. walkouts
* 1965 Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
* 1964-65 U.C. Berkeley Free Speech Movement
* 1960 Anpo protests
* 1956 Bucharest student movement
* Września children strike
* Butter rebellion
* 1229 University of Paris strike

Concepts and theory

* Authentic assessment
* Anarchistic free school
* Democratic education
* Democratic schools
* Freedom of speech
* Hidden curriculum
* Minimally invasive education
* Sudbury school
* Student activism
* Student bill of rights
* Student-centred learning
* Student protest
* Student riot
* Students' union
* Student voice
* Unschooling

Issues

* Alternative school
* Censorship of student media
* Compulsory education
* Ordinance of Student Rights
* School corporal punishment
* School discipline
* School district drug policies
* School speech
* School-to-prison pipeline
* Zero tolerance

Organizations

* European Students' Union
* Hong Kong Federation of Students
* Rouge Forum
* RMIT University Student Union
* Scholarism
* Students for a Democratic Society (1960)
* Students for a Democratic Society (2006)
* Student Press Law Center
* Worker Student Alliance
* UP Diliman University Student Council
* PUP SPEAK

Related

* Animal rights
* Anti-racism
* Feminism
* Labor rights
* LGBTQ student movement
* Socialism
* Youth rights

* Society portal

* v
* t
* e

Part of a series on the

History of Bangladesh

* Etymology
* Timeline
* Traditional
* Urheimat

Ancient

|  Neolithic|  7600 - 3300 BCE

|

Bronze Age|  3300 – 1200 BCE
Pundra kingdom|  c.1280 – c. 300 BCE
Iron Age|  1200 – 200 BCE
Vanga kingdom|  c.1100 – c. 340 BCE
House of Vijaya|  543 BCE - 66 CE
Northern Culture|  700 – 200 BCE
Gangaridai|  c. 350 – c. 300 BCE
Nanda Dynasty|  c. 345 BCE– c. 322 BCE
Mauryan Empire|  325 – 185 BCE
Samatata kingdom|  c. 232 BCE – 800 AD
Shunga and Kushan|  c. 185 BCE – c. 75 CE
Southwestern Silk Road|  c. 114 BCE – c. 1450 CE
Indo-Roman trade relations|  c. 30 BCE – c. 600 CE
Gupta Empire|  240 – 550 CE
Kamarupa kingdom|  350 – 1140 CE

Medieval

|  Jaintia Kingdom|  500 – 1835 CE

|

Gauda Kingdom|  590 – 626 CE
Laur kingdom|  600 - 1565 CE
Harikela kingdom|  600 - 650 CE
Gour Kingdom|  600 – 1303 CE
Khadga dynasty|  650 – 750 CE
Bhadra dynasty|  c. 700s CE
Pala Empire|  750 – 1100 CE
Chandra dynasty|  900 – 1050 CE
Sena dynasty|  1070 – 1320 CE
Deva dynasty|  1100 – 1250 CE
Ghurid Conquest|  1202 CE
Khaljis of Bengal|  1204 - 1231 CE
Taraf Kingdom|  c. 1200s – c. 1600s CE
Bhulua Kingdom|  1203 – 1600s CE
Delhi Sultanate|  1204 – 1338 CE
Mamluk Dynasty|  1206 – 1290 CE
Khalji Dynasty|  1290 – 1320 CE
Tugluq Dynasty|  1320 – 1338,1342 CE
City State Sultanates|
Sonargaon|  1338 – 1352 CE
Lakhnauti/Gauda|  1342 – 1352 CE
Satagon/Saptagram|  1342 – 1352 CE
Twipra Kingdom|  c. 1400 – 1949 CE
Bengal Sultanate|  1352 – 1576 CE
Ilyas Shahi dynasty|  1342 – 1487 CE
House of Ganesha|  1414 – 1436 CE
Habshi dynasty|  1487 – 1494 CE
Hussein Shahi|  1494 – 1538 CE
Suri Interruption|  1539 – 1554 CE
Muhammad Shahi|  1554 – 1564 CE
Karrani dynasty|  1564 – 1576 CE
Pratapgarh Kingdom|  1489 – 1700s CE

Early Modern

|  Koch Kingdom|  1515 – 1956 CE

|

Suri Dynasty|  1540 – 1556 CE
Twelve Bhuyans|  1550 – 1620 CE
Porto Grande de Bengala|  1528 – 1666 CE
Kingdom of Mrauk U|  1530 – 1666 CE
Mughal Empire|  1576 – 1717 CE
Bengal Subah|  1576 – 1717 CE
Rajshahi Raj|  c. 1700s - 1950 CE
Zamindars|  1700s - 1900s CE
Pratapaditya Kingdom|  1602 – 1611 CE
Sitaram Ray Kingdom|  1688 – 1714 CE
Nawabs of Bengal|  1717 – 1757 CE
Maratha Invasions|  1742 - 1751 CE
Siege of Calcutta|  1756 CE
Shamsher Gazi's Kingdom|  1748 – 1760 CE
Company Raj|  1757 – 1858 CE
Bengal famine of 1770|  1770 CE
Bengal Renaissance|  1772 - 1913 CE
Faraizi Movement|  1818 – 1884 CE
The Great Rebellion|  1857 – 1858 CE
Tariqah-i-Muhammadiya|  1830 – 1831 CE
Titumir's rebellion|  1830s CE
British Raj|  1858 – 1947 CE
Partition of Bengal|  1905 CE
Bengal and Assam|  1905 - 1912 CE
Bengal Famine|  1943 CE
Bengali Prime Minister|  1937 - 1947 CE
Noakhali riots|  1946 CE

Modern

|  East Bengal|  1947 – 1955 CE

|

Partition of Bengal (1947)|  1947 CE
East Bengali refugees|  1947 CE
Bengali Language Movement|  1948 – 1956 CE
East Pakistan|  1955 – 1971 CE
1964 East Pakistan riots|  1964 CE
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|  1965 CE
Six Point Movement|  1966 CE
East Pakistan Uprising|  1969 CE
Pakistani general election|  1970 CE
Non-cooperation |  1971 CE
Bangladesh Liberation War|  1971 CE
Independence Declaration|  1971 CE
Provisional Government|  1971 – 1972 CE
Bangladesh Genocide|  1971 CE
Surrender of Pakistan|  1971 CE

Contemporary

|  Bangladesh famine|  1974 CE

|

Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League|  1975 CE
Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|  1975 CE
Jail Killing Day|  1975 CE
Military rule|  1975 – 1990 CE
Military coups in Bangladesh|  1975 - 2011 CE
Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict|  1977 - 1997 CE
Mass Uprising|  1990 CE
Transition to democracy|  1991 – 2008 CE
Caretaker government of Bangladesh|  1996 CE
Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord|  1997 CE
Bangladeshi political crisis|  2006–2008 CE
Hasina era|  2009–2024 CE
Vision 2021 and Digital Bangladesh|  2008 CE
Bangladesh Rifles revolt|  2009 CE
Shapla Square protests|  2013 CE
Bangladesh quota reform movement|  2013 CE
International Crimes Tribunal|  2009 CE
2015 Bangladeshi political crisis|  2015 CE
2018 Bangladesh road-safety protests|  2018 CE
2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement|  2018 CE
2021 Bangladesh Communal Violence|  2021 CE
Smart Bangladesh|
Bangladesh protests (2022–2024)|  2022- 2024 CE
July Revolution|  2024 CE
Aftermath of July Revolution|  2024–present CE
Yunus ministry|

Related articles

* Timeline of Bangladeshi history
* Bangladeshi art
* Bengali literature

Bangladesh portal

* v
* t
* e

The 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement was a students' movement demanding reforms in policies regarding recruitment in the Bangladesh government services. Bangladesh Sadharon Chhatra Odhikar Songrokkhon Parishad (Bangladesh General Students' Right Conservation Council) initiated movement initially began in Shahbag and on Dhaka University campus on 17 February 2018, and eventually spread country-wide by 8 April 2018.[2] The movement rapidly attained popularity among students of different universities and colleges forcing the government to announce changes.[3][4]

## Causes and demands

[edit]

Under the existing Bangladesh government recruitment system, 56 percent of government job entry positions are reserved for specific "entitled" classes: 30 per cent for children/grandchildren of 1971 "freedom fighters," 10 per cent for women, 10 per cent is for districts based on population, 5 per cent for ethnic minorities, and 1 per cent for people with disabilities.[5][6] Previous protests on the same issue were made in 2013 and 2008 but failed to bring change in government quota policy.

In July 2018, protests and counter-violence erupted at various Bangladeshi universities, particularly the University of Rajshahi (RU), over the ‘quota reform movement,’ which sought to change the quota system. RU's vice-chancellor, Professor M. Abdus Sobhan, dismissed the quota-reform movement as an "anti-government movement with a motive to carry out sabotage."[6]

## Five point demands

[edit]

1. The quota must be reduced from 56 per cent to 10 per cent
2. The vacant positions must be filled from the merit list if eligible candidate is not found from the quota
3. No special examination for quotas
4. The age-limit must be the same for every candidate
5. No candidate can use quota privilege for more than once

## Timeline

[edit]

### March

[edit]

#### 21 March

[edit]

On 21 March 2018, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina announced the quota system in government jobs for freedom fighters, their children and grandchildren will continue when a section of students and job-seekers were agitating seeking quota reform in government jobs.[7][8][9]

### April

[edit]

#### 8 April

[edit]

On 8 April 2018, hundreds of students began protests in Shabag after 2 pm. The protesters under the name Council to Protect Students' Rights demanded the quota system reforms by bringing down quotas altogether to 10 percent and filling up vacant quota posts by candidates from the merit list. At 7.30 pm, police started lobbing teargas shells, charged baton and used water cannons on the crowd. At 8.30 pm, protesters were attacked by a group of Bangladesh Chhatra League (BCL) activists led by DU unit General Secretary Motahar Hossain Prince.[10] More than 160 protestors were injured in the clashes that took place at Dhaka University campus.[10]

#### 9 April

[edit]

Students of BUET protesting to reform quota system.

University students from all over Bangladesh boycotted classes, took out processions and blocked highways since morning to express solidarity with the demonstrators of the central program. Thousands of students of BUET, Rajshahi University, Jahangirnagar University, Chittagong University, Khulna University, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET), Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Islamic University, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, Barisal University, etc. participated in the demonstrations in respective cities.[11][12] A delegation of protesters met Minister Obaidul Quader Chowdhury at the Secretariat in the afternoon. Mr. Quader asked to postpone protests for one month so that the government may examine the quota system. But protesters refused to pause their programmes until there was specific announcements from the prime minister.[13] Minister of Agriculture and presidium member of the ruling Awami League Matia Chowdhury made a controversial remark in Parliament by calling the quota reform protestors 'children of razakars'.[14]

#### 10 April

[edit]

Students of Stamford University Bangladesh, University of Asia Pacific, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, East West University, North South University, Daffodil International University, Eastern University (Bangladesh), Independent University, United International University, American International University of Bangladesh and University of Information Technology and Science took to different streets in Dhaka and blocked a number of key thoroughfares for several hours.[15] Leaders of Bangladesh Shadharan Chhatra Odhikar Sangrakkhan Parishad called for a nationwide road blockade and strike at universities and colleges from 11 April 2018.[16]

#### 11 April

[edit]

After midnight, Iffat Jahan Esha, the president of Sufia Kamal hall unit of BCL tortured and wounded a female student named Morsheda in Sufia Kamal Hall of DU for participating in quota reform protests.[17] Photo and video of the incident quickly went viral on different social networking sites which drew attention to other general students. At 1 am, around 5,000 students of the university thronged in front of the Kabi Sufia Kamal Hall and took position in front of the gate in protest of the incident.[18] Members of Chhatra League tried to block the protesters from getting out of halls to demonstrate by locking gates and threatening them, but protesters eventually broken down the locked gate at Bijay Ekattor Hall and came out.[19]

Resuming the ongoing agitation demanding quota reforms in government jobs, students made demonstrations in Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Comilla and other places. Many roads including two major highways were blocked by students of University of Dhaka, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Jahangirnagar University, Islamic University, Kushtia, and other institutions.[20] Dhaka-Rajshahi highway remained blocked since morning by several hundred students of Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET).[16] More than 6,000 protesters blocked the CDA Avenue in Chittagong.[21]

In a speech delivered in Parliament, the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina criticised the protesters for creating public sufferings and angrily said: "Alright then, there won't be any quotas. There is no need for quotas. They will take BCS exams and get jobs on their merit".[22][23][24] While many protesters rejoiced this statement as fulfillment of their demands, others remained skeptic about the commitment of the government and opted to wait until more specific declaration from the government regarding reformation of quota system is made.[25]

#### 12 April

[edit]

Bangladesh Sadharon Chhatra Odhikar Songrokkhon Parishad officially announced the end of quota movement and leader of this organization Nurul Haq Nur called Sheikh Hasina the Mother of Education. They demanded medical expenses for the injured students, release of the arrested students, and overall security for all of students.[26][27]

Chhatra League has expelled 22 students from residential halls to participate in the quota reform movement at the Islamic University, However, they are given the opportunity to return to the residential hall.[28]

### May–June

[edit]

#### 2 May

[edit]

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina reaffirmed abolition of quota during a press conference at Ganabhaban, Dhaka on 2 May 2018.[29]

#### 30 June

[edit]

The students started second phase of protests saying there has been no sign of quota reform implementation after three months had been passed since Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's announcement in Parliament. Protesting students came under several attacks by BCL in Dhaka University and Rajshahi University.[30]

Members of quota reform movement scheduled a press briefing on 30 June 2018 at Dhaka University campus but could not hold it as they were attacked allegedly by the members of BCL.[31]

### July

[edit]

#### 2 July

[edit]

When students were staging a demonstration demanding quota system reform at Dhaka University campus, then at point Faruk Hasan (joint convener, Bangladesh Sadharan Chhatra Odhikar Sangrakkhan Parishad) was snatched away allegedly by a group of BCL men. Moriom Mannan, a first year honours student of Political Science department at Tejgaon College, who joined the protests that day, came to rescue Faruk, but she herself experienced physical assault, verbal abuse and mental tortures allegedly inflicted by activists against quota reform movement and policemen.[32]

Later that day Faruk Hasan went on traceless after being picked up by BCL men allegedly from central Shaheed Minar area.[33]

#### 2 July Rajshahi University attack

[edit]

On 2 July 2018, during their protest march near the main gate of RU, a master's student and joint convenor of the quota reform movement at the same university, Toriqul Islam, and 15 others, were attacked by some BCL men, including several local BCL officers, as nearby police stood still. Toriqul Islam was beaten with a hammer and sticks and other weapons, resulting in multiple leg fractures and severe head injury.[6][34][35][36][37][38]

A video footage shot by reporter Arafat Rahaman, of The Daily star, covering the quota reform protests, during the attack allegedly showed the following attackers. Later the reporter Arafat Rahaman was recognised as the Best Photographer of the year-2018 for capturing the incident. :[36][6]

* Abdullah Al Mamun, student of the sociology department of the university and assistant secretary of RU BCL, attacking with hammer
* Latiful Kabir alias Manik, a student of history department of the university an activist of Muktijoddha Santan Command, was seen with a machete
* Mehedi Hossan alias Mishu, a student of sociology department of the university and organising secretary of the RU BCL and, was seen with a large stick. Mehedi confessed his involvement in the attack.
* Ramijul Islam alias Rimu, 4th year student of History department of the university and vice president of RU BCL, was seen kicking Toriqul's head. Ramijul confessed his involvement in the attack.
* Hasan Labon, student of Law department of the university and organizing secretary of RU BCL
* Ahmed Sajib, student of Applied Mathematics of the university and vice president of RU BCL
* Shovon Kaiser, student of Economics of the university and vice president of RU BCL
* Mizanur Rahman, ex student of political science of the university and vice president of RU BCL
* Gufran Gazi, student of information and library management of the university and vice president of RU BCL
* John Smith, 4th year student of Urdu of the university and activist of RU BCL
* Soumitra Karmakar, student of fine arts of the university and assistant secretary of RU BCL

#### 3 July

[edit]

Guardians and teachers of students, rights activists, and eminent citizens scheduled to hold a rally protest the continued attacks, torture and arrest of quota reform activists in front of the Jatiya Press Club at 4:00pm under the banner of "Udbigno Obhibhabok O Nagorik” (worried guardians and citizens). But Police barred demonstrators from holding the event claiming that they did not allow the programme as the demonstrators did not have the permission. When the demonstrators tried to assemble, Azimul Haque, additional deputy commissioner of police (Ramna Division), commanded his men to arrest whoever tries to take position there.[39]

On the same day, Faruk Hassan was shown arrested in a police assault case of Shahbagh police station.[33]

#### 12 July

[edit]

While addressing the parliament on 12 July 2018 Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said that it is impossible to reform the freedom fighters' quota in public jobs because of a High Court verdict.[40]

#### 17 July

[edit]

While speaking at a function through video-conferencing from the Gono Bhaban on 17 July 2018, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina explained her earlier declaration (on 11 April 2018) of quota system removal was because there had been an anarchic situation created in the name of anti-quota movement.[41]

#### 18 July

[edit]

Under the banner of "All Combined Departments", around 500 students from different departments of Dhaka University formed a human chain on the Central Shaheed Minar premises in Dhaka, demanding exemplary punishment for those who attacked the quota reformists. Holding various placards protesting the recent attacks, they also demanded the release of quota reform leaders who were under arrest and a safe campus for all. Expressing solidarity with the students, assistant professor of DU's economics department Rushad Faridi attended the program. Besides, students of the university's history department formed a human chain at the Aparejeyo Bangla premises, protesting the recent attack on their fellow student Tanzir Hossain Sarker and demanded a safe campus for students. Associate professors Golam Saklayen Saki and MM Kawser were present at the human chain joined by around 200 students of the department. Later, the students brought out a silent procession from the spot. Boycotting regular classes and examinations, several hundred students of Jahangirnagar University also formed a human chain on the campus protesting the recent spate of attacks on some teachers and students and demanded reformation in the existing quota system.[42]

## Concern over attack on quota reformists

[edit]

The Embassy of Germany, USA, Norway, Switzerland and few other countries in Dhaka expressed their concern over the 'brutal attacks' on peaceful demonstration of the quota reform protesters.[43]

## Against quota reform protest

[edit]

Some politicians and university teachers have expressed their position against quota reform protest. Among them, Prof Md Akhtaruzzaman, Vice Chancellor of Dhaka University has compared the activities of quota reform protesters with that of Islamist militant outfits like the Taliban, Al-Shabaab and Boko Haram.[44] He also compared the protests by female students at Dhaka University dormitory a characteristic of militant outfits pointing out that the militant outfits use women and children as their last resort.[44] Vice Chancellor of RU, M Abdus Sobhan, also condemned the protest by saying that it is not a quota reform movement rather it is an anti-government movement.[44] Dr. Muhammed Zafar Iqbal expressed that protesters were agitated at freedom fighters & thus disrespected freedom fighters' families.[45]

## Arrests

[edit]

According to Bangladesh police, more than 16 quota reform protesters including Muhammad Rashed Khan, Faruk Hossain, Tariqul Islam, Josim Uddin, Mashiur were arrested between April 2018 and July 2018.[46][47][48][49]

## Outcome

[edit]

In the wake of the movement, the Cabinet of the Government of Bangladesh on 3 October 2018, issued a circular dismissing the quota system for recruitment in the ninth to thirteenth grades (formerly known as first and second class jobs).[50][51] On 30 July 2019, the government said, there is no quota in recruitment in 1st and 2nd class post (9th to 13th grade) at present, the quota for the post of 3rd and 4th class (14th to 20th grade) is still in force, but if no candidate of the relevant quota is found, it has to be filled from the merit list of the general candidate.[52] In addition to clarifying the previous circular on quotas issued on 20 January 2020, the cabinet also approved a proposal provided by the Ministry of Public Administration to cancel quotas on direct appointments to eighth or higher grade posts in government jobs.[53]

## Gallery

[edit]

*   *   *   *

## See also

[edit]

* 2018 Bangladesh road safety protests
* 2015 Bangladesh student protests
* 1952 Bengali language movement
* 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement

## References

[edit]

1. ^ কোটা আন্দোলনে এ পর্যন্ত আহত ২৬২, আটক ৪৪. The Daily Nayadiganta (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
2. ^ "Protests in Bangladesh put an end to a corrupt quota system". The Economist. 21 April 2018. Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
3. ^ "History of the quota system in Bangladesh". The Daily Star (Bangladesh). 10 July 2024. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
4. ^ "Protests in Bangladesh put an end to a corrupt quota system". The Economist. Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
5. ^ বিসিএস পরীক্ষা. Bangladesh Public Service Commission (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
6. ^ a b c d "Rajshahi police saw nothing!". The Daily Star. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
7. ^ "PM: Freedom fighters quota will stay". Dhaka Tribune. 21 March 2018. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
8. ^ "Quota for FFs, their children, grandchildren to stay: PM". New Age. 22 March 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
9. ^ "Job quota for FF heirs to stay: PM". The Independent. Dhaka. UNB. 22 March 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
10. ^ a b "From protest to mayhem: How it all unfolded". Dhaka Tribune. 10 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
11. ^ "Quota reform demonstrations spread countrywide". Dhaka Tribune. 9 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
12. ^ "Quota reform protest: IU students attempt to block main road". Dhaka Tribune. 9 April 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
13. ^ "Protesters reject govt assurances, to press on with quota reform demonstration". Dhaka Tribune. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
14. ^ "Matia draws flak for comment". The Daily Star. 11 April 2018. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
15. ^ "Pvt university students stage demo for quota reform". The Daily Star. 10 April 2018. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
16. ^ a b "RU, JU students block highways for quota reform". The Daily Star. 11 April 2018. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
17. ^ "DU to expel Kabi Sufia Kamal Hall BCL chief Isha for 'torturing' quota reform protesters". bdnews24.com. 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
18. ^ "DU hall unit BCL chief expelled for 'torturing' anti-quota protester". UNB. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
19. ^ "All-night protests at DU after Chhatra League leader assaults protester". Dhaka Tribune. 12 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
20. ^ "Quota reform demonstrations continue into Wednesday". bdnews24.com. 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
21. ^ "Quota reform: Thousands of protesters block off CDA Avenue in Chattogram". Dhaka Tribune. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
22. ^ "No more need for quotas if they cause problems, says Hasina". bdnews24.com. 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
23. ^ "PM announces to abolish quota system in public service". The Daily Star. 11 April 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
24. ^ "No longer any quota in public service: PM". Prothom Alo. 12 April 2018. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
25. ^ "Quota reform demonstrators to announce next steps Thursday morning". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
26. ^ কোটা সংস্কার নিয়ে আন্দোলন স্থগিতের ঘোষণা. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
27. ^ গেজেট না হওয়া পর্যন্ত কোটা আন্দোলন স্থগিত. BBC News (in Bengali). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
28. ^ কোটা সংস্কার আন্দোলনে অংশ নেয়ায় হল ছাড়া ইবির ২২ শিক্ষার্থী. Samakal (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
29. ^ "PM Hasina: I wasn't angry to accept demand for quota reform". Dhaka Tribune. 2 May 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
30. ^ "Quota reform movement: Students seek teachers' support". Dhaka Tribune. 6 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
31. ^ "7 quota reformists hurt in 'BCL attack'". The Daily Star. 30 June 2018. Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
32. ^ "Girl shares horrors of assault, abuse by anti-quota reform men, cops". The Daily Star. 5 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
33. ^ a b "Quota reform movement organiser Faruk sent to jail". New Age. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
34. ^ "Govt playing 'dubious role'". The Daily Star. 7 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
35. ^ "Injured quota protester Tariqul moved to Dhaka". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
36. ^ a b "Quota reform activist Toriqul denied treatment in govt hospital". Prothom Alo. 6 July 2018. Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
37. ^ "Injured RU quota reformist Toriqul being brought to Dhaka". Prothom Alo. 8 July 2018. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
38. ^ "Injured quota reform leader Toriqul Islam being brought to Dhaka". The Daily Star. 8 July 2018. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
39. ^ "Just arrest!". The Daily Star. 4 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
40. ^ "FF quota to stay". The Daily Star. 13 July 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
41. ^ "What's the logic behind movement?". The Daily Star. 18 July 2018. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
42. ^ "Committee for quota review may seek 90 more days". The Daily Star. 19 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
43. ^ "US embassy in Dhaka concerned over attack on quota reformists". The New Nation. 10 July 2018. Archived from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
44. ^ a b c "VC-iuos wisdom!". The Daily Star. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
45. ^ "Reforms in quota to public services needed: Zafar Iqbal". Bangla Tribune. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
46. ^ "Quota reform leaders fear arrest, enforced disappearance". Prothom Alo. 4 July 2018. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
47. ^ "Protests face attacks, arrest, intimidation". New Age. 2 July 2018. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
48. ^ "Job quota reform protest leader Faruk arrested in Dhaka". bdnews24.com. 3 July 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
49. ^ Rahman, Prapti (13 July 2018). "Protests Rage in Bangladesh as PM Appears to Backtrack on Job-Quota Policy". BenarNews. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
50. ^ বাংলাদেশের সরকারি চাকরিতে কোটা ব্যবস্থা বাতিল নিয়ে সর্বশেষ পাঁচটি তথ্য (The latest five facts about the abolition of quota system in government service in Bangladesh). BBC Bangla (in Bengali). 4 October 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
51. ^ "Completely on merit". The Daily Star (Bangladesh). 4 October 2018. Archived from the original on 25 July 2024.
52. ^ চাকরিতে কোটা নিয়ে বিভ্রান্তি দূর করল সরকার (The government removed the confusion about job quotas). Daily Jugantor (in Bengali). 1 August 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
53. ^ চাকরিতে অষ্টম গ্রেড বা ওপরের পদেও কোটা থাকবে না [There will be no quota in the job for eighth grade or above also]. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 20 January 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.

## External links

[edit]

Media related to 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement at Wikimedia Commons
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template