2018 Strasbourg attack

Terrorist attack in Strasbourg, France

2018 Strasbourg attack

Part of Islamic terrorism in Europe

Rue des Orfèvres where the attack started (pictured in December 2016)

Strasbourg

Strasbourg (France)

Location| Strasbourg, France
Coordinates| 48°34′57″N 7°44′56″E﻿ / ﻿48.582611°N 7.748889°E﻿ / 48.582611; 7.748889
Date| 11 December 2018; 5 years ago (2018-12-11)
19:50 ((UTC+1))

Attack type

| Mass shooting, stabbing, mass murder, Islamic terrorism
Weapons|

* Modèle 1892 revolver
* Knife

Deaths| 5
Injured| 11 (4 severely)
Perpetrator| Chérif Chekatt
(killed in subsequent shootout)
Motive| Jihadism

On the evening of 11 December 2018, a terrorist attack[1] occurred in Strasbourg, France, when a man attacked civilians in the city's busy Christkindelsmärik (Christmas market) with a revolver and a knife, killing five and wounding 11 before fleeing in a taxi.[2][3][4] Authorities called the shooting an act of terrorism.[5][6]

The attacker was 29-year-old Chérif Chekatt, who had multiple criminal convictions and was on a security services watchlist as a suspected Islamist extremist. Chekatt was killed in a shootout with French police on the evening of 13 December after a manhunt involving 700 officers. He had pledged allegiance to the terrorist organisation Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) judicial sources said.

## Background

[edit]

Christkindelsmärik is the Alsatian dialect name of the Christmas market in Strasbourg, held annually on the square in front of the Strasbourg Cathedral since 1570.[7][8] In 2000, a bombing plot was foiled by the French and German police when Al-Qaeda-linked operatives[9] had planned to detonate pressure cookers rigged as bombs in the crowd at the Christkindelsmärik. Since then, the market has been under reinforced security.[10] In 2016, several people were arrested in Marseille and Strasbourg for planning a terrorist attack; officials considered cancelling the Christmas market, but it was ultimately held as scheduled.[11]

On the morning of 11 December 2018, the police raided the home of Chérif Chekatt in Neudorf with the intention of arresting him on suspicion of attempted murder.[12] He was not at home, but they found a stun grenade,[13] a loaded .22 calibre rifle, four knives, and ammunition.[8][14][15]

## Attack

[edit]

Place Broglie, showing a different Strasbourg Christmas market closed two days after the attack

The attack started at approximately 19:50 local time (18:50 UTC)[16] near Place Kléber, where the Christkindelsmärik was being held.[15] Chérif Chekatt entered the area through Pont du Corbeau, then went through Rue des Orfèvres, opening fire and stabbing people in three different locations, first at Carré-d'Or (Rue des Orfèvres), then Rue des Grandes-Arcades.[3][17] The attack lasted ten minutes and took place in multiple streets, during which time Chekatt was heard shouting "Allahu akbar" as he attacked members of the crowd.[17] He then exchanged fire with soldiers of Opération Sentinelle, and then with the National Police;[3] a soldier was hit in the hand, and Chekatt was shot in the arm.[3][8][18] A 45-year-old Thai tourist[3] was hit in the head in front of a restaurant and died, despite a passersby attempting to resuscitate him; ambulances took over 45 minutes to arrive.[8][12]

Chekatt then escaped in the direction of Neudorf and Place de l'Étoile, taking a taxi cab; the driver was unharmed and reported to the police having taken an armed and wounded man.[3] His testimony allowed the police to identify the gunman, as the man bragged about killing people and having a grenade at home.[17][19] Two days after the attack, Chekatt's gun was revealed to be a Modèle 1892 revolver.[20][21][22]

Initially, 350 personnel of the security forces hunted for Chekatt, supported by air units.[3][23] Five hundred more personnel joined the next day, with a further 1,300 planned to join as reinforcements.[24] The incident led to the closure of locations around the city, including the European Parliament building.[25] Police used Twitter to relay information to the public.[25][26][27] The French government raised their security threat level to the highest possible as the search continued,[28] though Justice Minister Nicole Belloubet stated on Public Sénat that a state of emergency would not be declared for the incident.[3] Five thousand people were stranded in a sports facility used as temporary shelter, and the European Parliament was put on lockdown.[8] President Antonio Tajani tweeted that the European Parliament "will not be intimidated by terrorist or criminal attacks" and will "continue to work and react, strengthened by freedom and democracy against terrorist violence".[29] The incident was declared an act of terrorism by French authorities.[30]

## Victims

[edit]

Five people were killed;[31] two died at the scene and three others in hospital, while 11 others were injured, four critically.[4] The first of the dead to be identified was a 45-year-old male tourist from Thailand who was shot multiple times and died at the scene.[32] He was on holiday with his wife, who was also shot, but survived.[33] The others were a French 61-year-old former bank employee;[32] a 45-year-old local male mechanic and Muslim originally from Afghanistan who died two days later,[32][34] Antonio Megalizzi, a 29-year-old journalist from Italy covering the European Parliament plenary session, who died on 14 December;[32][35][36][37] and Barto Pedro Orent-Niedzielski, a 36-year-old French-Polish national who died on 16 December.[38][39][40]

## Attacker

[edit]

Chérif Chekatt

Chérif Chekatt (photograph released by police after the attack)

Born| (1989-02-04)4 February 1989[41]

Strasbourg, France

Died| 13 December 2018(2018-12-13) (aged 29)

Strasbourg, France

Nationality| French-Algerian

The perpetrator was Chérif Chekatt (French pronunciation: [ʃɛʁif ʃɛkat]),[15][42][43] a 29-year-old man born of a retired national French-Algerian delivery driver,[41][44] characterised as a "hardened criminal" who "converted to rigorous Islam".[45]

According to French authorities, Chekatt had been known to police since the age of 10 and he had his first criminal conviction by age 13.[46] He was known to security services for a total of 27 convictions in France, Germany, and Switzerland, arising from 67 recorded crimes in France alone.[47][48] His criminal activities started with petty crime, robbery and drug dealing.[49]

French police considered him a "gangster-jihadist", a term referring to people convicted of various crimes and "radicalised" in prison.[50] Chekatt was released from prison in France in 2015, then received a prison sentence for theft in Singen, Germany and was expelled to France after his release in 2017.[51]

Chekatt was tagged with a fiche "S" ("State Security" file), a type of extra-judiciary document that French State Security uses to keep track of suspect individuals while not necessarily keeping surveillance on them. He was listed for his recent "religious radicalisation"[8][28][52] and for "Islamic extremism".[53][54][55] Neighbours said that he seemed quite ordinary, comparing him to his more traditional brother.[56] His German lawyer told media that "he was just an ordinary criminal. It was no special case. We didn't notice any radicalisation."[57] Secretary of State Laurent Nuñez stated that Chekatt had become a "terrorism apologist" in prison, but had not been expected to perform an attack.[56] On the morning of the attack, local police had attempted to arrest him in relation to an attempted murder, but they could not locate him[12] because Chekatt's father had warned him by SMS that the gendarmes were about to arrest him.[58]

Investigators subsequently concluded that Chekatt had made extensive preparations for the attack.[59] He told fellow inmates in 2015 that he would "commit a robbery before departing for Syria or die a martyr",[60][61] and became "very interested in seeking weapons", according to a friend of the jihadist, Audrey Mondjehi.[according to whom?][62]

### Manhunt and Chekatt's death

[edit]

Police mobilized in Neudorf hours after the attack

An investigation was initiated for "murder and acts of terrorism in relation to a criminal enterprise".[8] Four people close to Chekatt were detained for questioning after the shooting,[19] namely his father, who is tagged with a fiche "S" as well because of his religious fundamentalism,[63] his mother, and two of his brothers, both known for their local Salafist affiliation,[64] and a fifth person was taken into custody on 13 December.[65] A search warrant was issued in Algeria for a "very radicalised" third brother,[66] who has his own fiche "S" record because of radicalisation and "contacts with Islamist circles in Strasbourg".[67]

Chekatt was still at large after the attack, and an international manhunt began. There were some initial fears that he had escaped to Germany across the Rhine.[68] Immediate efforts for the manhunt included closing the city's A35 autoroute that leads to Switzerland and Germany, a coordinated security reinforcement between Strasbourg and German state police, and suspending the tramway between the city and Kehl in Germany.[8] Ultimately, more than 700 officers were involved in the manhunt.[69] On 12 December at 19:20 (18:20 UTC), the French National Police released a photograph of Chekatt and asked for any witnesses to come forward.[24][70][71]

On the evening of 13 December, police found Chekatt in Strasbourg between Neudorf and the Stade de la Meinau. He fired on officers when they tried to question him and they returned fire, killing him.[65][72][73]

Soon after his death, the Islamic State claimed him as one of their "soldiers" through their propaganda outlet, Amaq.[74][75] Christophe Castaner, France's interior minister, dismissed the claim as "completely opportunistic".[76] In an interview for France 2, Chekatt's father said his son had been an Islamic State supporter.[77] Nine days after Chekatt's death, a USB key containing a video of him pledging allegiance to the Islamic State was found among his belongings, judicial sources said.[78][79]

## Reactions

[edit]

Memorial on Rue des Orfèvres on 13 December

The leader of the Rassemblement National (RN) party, Marine Le Pen, described the attack as an "Islamist massacre".[80] Laurent Wauquiez, leader of the conservative party Les Républicains, called for a strengthening of the laws.[80]

Border controls were increased due to Strasbourg's proximity to Germany.[81] The Christmas market was closed on the day after the attack.[12]

### Conspiracy theories

[edit]

Conspiracy theorists and some members of the yellow vests movement, which was ongoing at the time of the attack, commented on social media that the shooting was a false flag conspiracy by the French president, to distract attention from the movement's protests. This prompted angry denials from cabinet ministers,[who?] who called the claims "disgusting".[82][83][84]

## Legal action

[edit]

On 3 April 2024, a court in Paris sentenced Audrey Mondjehi to 30 years in prison for his role in providing the gun Chekatt used in the attack but acquitted him of the specific charge of complicity in the "terrorist murders", supporting Mondjehi's defence that he was unaware of where the weapon was to be used for. Two other suspects were also convicted of helping Chekatt and were sentenced to five years' imprisonment, while a third suspect was acquitted. Mondjehi expressed regret for his actions.[85]

## See also

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2018 Strasbourg attack.

* 2016 Berlin truck attack
* 2016 Nice truck attack
* November 2015 Paris attacks
* Campinas Cathedral shooting, an unrelated attack which happened on the same day

## Notes

[edit]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Peltier, Elian; Breeden, Aurelien (12 December 2018). "France Declares Strasbourg Shooting an Act of Terrorism". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 January 2019 - via NYTimes.com.
2. ^ "Strasbourg shooting: gunman was listed as potential terror threat". The Guardian. 12 December 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Fusillade à Strasbourg, en direct: trois morts, la France en " urgence attentat "". Le Monde (in French). 12 December 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
4. ^ a b "Attaque à Strasbourg le 11 décembre : point de situation n°6 du 13 décembre à 12h00" (in French). 13 December 2018. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
5. ^ Peltier, Elian; Breeden, Aurelien (12 December 2018). "France Declares Strasbourg Shooting to Be an Act of Terrorism". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
6. ^ "Christmas market attack: France declares Strasbourg shooting an act of terrorism". The Washington Post. 12 December 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
7. ^ "Un attentat déjoué après l'arrestation de 7 personnes à Strasbourg et Marseille". L'Humanité (in French). 21 November 2016. Archived from the original on 22 November 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
8. ^ a b c d e f g h "Strasbourg Christmas market shooting: suspect on the run after three killed". The Guardian. 11 December 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
9. ^ "Christmas market attack: France declares Strasbourg shooting an act of terrorism". Washington Post. 12 December 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
10. ^ "Fusillade sur le Marché de Noël de Strasbourg: deux morts et treize blessés, le tireur "identifié" en fuite". L'Express (in French). 11 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
11. ^ "Un attentat envisagé " de longue date " déjoué en France". Le Monde (in French). 21 November 2016. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
12. ^ a b c d "Strasbourg shooting witnesses say Christmas market killer shouted 'Allahu Akbar'". CBS News. 12 December 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
13. ^ Willsher, Kim (13 December 2018). "Strasbourg attack suspect killed by police". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018 - via www.theguardian.com.
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18. ^ "Fusillade à Strasbourg, en direct : trois morts, la France en " urgence attentat "". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
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20. ^ "Cherif Chekatt était armé d'un revolver du XIXe siècle : "Ce n'est pas parce qu'une arme est ancienne qu'elle n'est pas dangereuse". LCI (in French). 14 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
21. ^ "Attentat à Strasbourg : ce que l'on sait de l'arme ancienne utilisée par Cherif Chekatt". Franceinfo (in French). 14 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
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24. ^ a b "Strasbourg: ce que l'on sait de l'attentat". Le Monde (in French). 13 December 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
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26. ^ Police Nationale (12 December 2018). "Appel à Témoins: La Police judiciaire recherche l'individu suspecté d'être le tireur du marché de Noël de Strasbourg. Aidez Nous. Attention, individu dangereux, n'intervenez pas vous-même" (in French). Twitter. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
27. ^ Police Nationale (12 December 2018). "CALL FOR WITNESSES: Help the French police to find the suspect of Strasbourg Attack". Twitter. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
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29. ^ Tajani, Antonio (11 December 2018). "I express all my sorrow for the victims of the Strasbourg attacks. This Parliament will not be intimidated by terrorist or criminal attacks. Let us move on. We will continue to work and react strengthened by freedom and democracy against terrorist violence". Retrieved 12 December 2018.
30. ^ Peltier, Elian; Breeden, Aurelien (12 December 2018). "France Declares Strasbourg Shooting to Be an Act of Terrorism". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
31. ^ "Attentat de Strasbourg : une cinquième victime est décédée". FIGARO. 16 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
32. ^ a b c d "Strasbourg shooting: Who are the victims?". BBC News. 14 December 2018.
33. ^ "Strasbourg shooting: Tourists and locals among the victims" (in French). Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
34. ^ "Afghan-Muslim man in coma after Strasbourg attack has died, family says". 12 December 2018.
35. ^ "Attaque de Strasbourg: qui sont les victimes?" (in French). BFMTV. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
36. ^ "Kamal, papa de trois enfants, est la troisième victime de l'attentat sur le marché de Noël". SudInfo (in French). Archived from the original on 14 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
37. ^ "Strasburgo, morto Antonio Megalizzi: il giornalista italiano era in coma". 14 December 2018 - via Il Messaggero.
38. ^ "Strasbourg Christmas market shooting: Fifth victim dies". BBC News. 16 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
39. ^ Strasburgo, morto Orent-Niedzielski, era con Megalizzi (ansa.it)
40. ^ Strasbourg honours victims of terror attack as death toll rises to five (france24.com)
41. ^ a b Jean Chichizola (13 December 2018). "Chérif Chekatt, un délinquant tombé dans l'islam radical". Le Figaro (in French). Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
42. ^ "At least two dead, 11 wounded in Strasbourg shooting". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 11 December 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
43. ^ "Fusillade à Strasbourg: ce que l'on sait du tireur du marché de Noël". L'Obs (in French). 11 December 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
44. ^ Willsher, Kim (12 December 2018). "Chérif Chekatt: who is the Strasbourg shooting suspect?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
45. ^ Jean-Michel Décugis; Éric Pelletier; Jérémie Pham-Lê (15 December 2018). "Attack in Strasbourg: after the death of Cherif Chekatt, the investigation is not over". Le Parisien (in French). Retrieved 15 December 2018. "le tueur du marché de Noël, délinquant chevronné de 29 ans, converti à un islam rigoriste"
46. ^ Gatehouse, Jonathon (12 December 2018). "By the numbers: France's battle against terror". CBC News. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
47. ^ Marc Antoine BAUDOUX (12 December 2018). "Le tireur présumé de Strasbourg reste introuvable, la police lance un appel à témoins". Arte TV (in French). Retrieved 13 December 2018.
48. ^ "Strasbourg: Chérif Chekatt abattu par la police". Paris Match (in French). 13 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
49. ^ Willsher, Kim (12 December 2018). "Chérif Chekatt: who is the Strasbourg shooting suspect?". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 December 2018 - via www.theguardian.com.
50. ^ Kim Willsher (12 December 2018). "Chérif Chekatt: who is the Strasbourg shooting suspect?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
51. ^ "Fusillade à Strasbourg, en direct : " Le terrorisme a une nouvelle fois frappé notre territoire "". Le Monde (in French). 12 December 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
52. ^ "Strasbourg Christmas market shooting: Gunman injures multiple people". news.com.au. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
53. ^ Tom Barnes (13 December 2018). "Chérif Chekatt: Strasbourg shooting suspect's family questioned by police as hundreds of officers hunt alleged gunman". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
54. ^ LORI HINNANT; JAMEY KEATEN (12 December 2018). "Strasbourg suspect: From young criminal to fugitive attacker". Associated Press. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
55. ^ JACOB JARVIS (13 December 2018). "Strasbourg Christmas market shooting: Cherif Chekatt accused of shouting 'Allahu Akbar' ahead of attack that killed two". Evening Standard. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
56. ^ a b "To neighbours, suspect in French market killings seemed just a local boy". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
57. ^ "Strasbourg shooting: "He was just an ordinary criminal", says suspect's former lawyer". France 24 English. 12 December 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
58. ^ "Strasbourg : l'attaque de Cherif Chekatt était "préméditée" selon Le Monde". Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace. Retrieved 15 January 2019. "Quant au père, Ange Chekatt, âgé de 71 ans, il a prévenu son fils, par SMS, qu'il était recherché par les gendarmes, au matin du 11 décembre, qualifiant les forces de l'ordre de "chiens"."
59. ^ "How Cherif Chekatt prepared for the Strasbourg attack". L'Obs (in French). 14 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019. "Several elements confirm that Cherif Chekatt, the terrorist of the attack of Strasbourg, had prepared his attack"
60. ^ "Attentat à Strasbourg : comment Cherif Chekatt a préparé pendant des mois son projet terroriste". France Télévisions (in French). 14 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019. "les confidences d'un des ex-codétenus du terroriste, à qui il a confié en 2015 vouloir "commettre un braquage avant de partir en Syrie ou mourir en martyr"."
61. ^ Elise Vincent (14 January 2019). "L'attentat de Strasbourg était prémédité". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 15 January 2019. "the jihadi sought weapons for several weeks - le djihadiste cherchait des armes depuis plusieurs semaines"
62. ^ "Attentat de Strasbourg : Cherif Chekatt avait prémédité son attaque". Le Figaro (in French). 14 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019. "Cherik Chekatt also seemed very interested in seeking weapons, according to a friend of the jihadist, Audrey Mondjehi"
63. ^ "Le père de Chérif Chekatt témoigne : "s'il m'avait parlé de ce projet, je l'aurais dénoncé"" (in French). Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
64. ^ "Attack in Strasbourg: Cherif Chekatt still untraceable". Le Parisien (in French). 12 December 2018. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
65. ^ a b Simon, Darran; Vandoorne, Saskya (13 December 2018). "Strasbourg shooting suspect killed by police, Paris authorities say". CNN. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
66. ^ Elise Vincent (14 December 2018). "Attack in Strasbourg: how the vise tightened on Cherif Chekatt". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 14 December 2018.
67. ^ Jean Chichizola (14 December 2018). "Strasbourg: after the death of the terrorist, the search for possible accomplices". Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 14 December 2018.
68. ^ Samuel, Henry; Chazan, David; Ward, Victoria (13 December 2018). "Strasbourg Shooting: Christmas Market Terror Suspect Still On Run". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
69. ^ Marlowe, Lara (13 December 2018). "Strasbourg attack: Suspect Cherif Chekatt 'has been killed'". The Irish Times. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
70. ^ Police Nationale (12 December 2018). "Appel à Témoins: La Police judiciaire recherche l'individu suspecté d'être le tireur du marché de Noël de Strasbourg. Aidez Nous. Attention, individu dangereux, n'intervenez pas vous-même" (in French). Archived from the original on 13 December 2018.
71. ^ Police Nationale (12 December 2018). "CALL FOR WITNESSES: Help the French police to find the suspect of Strasbourg Attack". Archived from the original on 13 December 2018.
72. ^ "Strasbourg: Christmas market attacker 'shot dead'". BBC News. 13 December 2018. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
73. ^ "Police Nationale 67 on Twitter: "#Strasbourg Fin de la traque.… "". Archived from the original on 14 December 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
74. ^ "Fusillade de Strasbourg: Daesh reconnaît Chérif Chekatt comme "un de ses soldats"". Le Soir (in French). Retrieved 13 December 2018.
75. ^ "Strasbourg: l'auteur de la fusillade du marché de Noël, un "soldat" de Daesh". RTBF (in French). 13 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
76. ^ Chrisafis, Angelique (14 December 2018). "French authorities investigate why Strasbourg attacker wasn't stopped". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
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85. ^ "French court sentences Christmas market attack plotter to three years in jail". France 24. 5 April 2024.

* v
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Islamic terrorism in Europe

General|

* Terrorism in Europe
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Germany|

* 2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting
* Hanover stabbing
* Würzburg train attack
* 2016 Ansbach bombing
* 2016 Berlin truck attack
* 2017 Hamburg knife attack
* 2020 Dresden knife attack

Netherlands|

* Murder of Theo van Gogh
* 2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack
* 2019 Utrecht tram shooting

Counter-
terrorism|

| Operations|

* Opération Sentinelle, France
* Operation Vigilant Guardian, Belgium
* Operation Temperer, UK

|

Raids|

* 2014 anti-terrorism operations in Norway
* January 2015 anti-terrorism operations in Belgium
* Brussels lockdown
* 2016 Brussels police raids
* 2015 Saint-Denis, France raid
* 2017 Saint Petersburg raid

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