2021–2023 inflation

Ongoing global inflation above target

Inflation rate, United States and eurozone, January 2018 through October 2023 Average annual inflation[1][2] Country/Region  | 2020  | 2021  | 2022

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Argentina  | 42.0% | 48.4% | 72.4%
Australia  | 0.9% | 2.8% | 6.6%
Brazil  | 3.2% | 8.3% | 9.3%
Canada  | 0.7% | 3.4% | 6.8%
China  | 2.5% | 0.9% | 1.9%
Japan  | 0.0% | -0.2% | 2.5%
South Korea  | 0.5% | 2.5% | 5.1%
Turkey  | 12.3% | 19.6% | 72.3%
United Kingdom  | 0.9% | 2.6% | 9.1%
United States  | 1.3% | 4.7% | 8.0%
Europe and Central Asia  | 1.2% | 3.3% | 10.4%
European Union  | 0.5% | 2.6% | 8.8%
Latin America and Caribbean  | 1.0% | 3.9% | 7.7%
South Asia  | 5.7% | 5.5% | 7.7%
World | 1.9% | 3.5% | 8.0%

A worldwide surge in inflation began in mid-2021, with many countries seeing their highest inflation rates in decades. It has been attributed to various causes, including COVID-19 pandemic-related economic dislocation, supply chain disruptions, the fiscal and monetary stimuli provided in 2020 and 2021 by governments and central banks around the world in response to the pandemic, and price gouging. Recovery in demand from the COVID-19 recession had by 2020 led to significant supply shortages across many business and consumer economic sectors. The inflation rate in the United States and the eurozone peaked in the second half of 2022 and sharply declined into 2023.

In early 2022, the Russian invasion of Ukraine's effect on global oil prices, natural gas, fertilizer, and food prices further exacerbated the situation.[3] Higher gasoline prices were a major contributor to inflation as oil producers saw record profits. Debate arose over whether inflationary pressures were transitory or persistent, and to what extent price gouging was a factor. All Central banks (except for the Bank of Japan which has kept its interest rates steady at –0.1%) responded by aggressively increasing interest rates.[4][5][6][7]

## Background and causes[edit]

The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this section, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new section, as appropriate. (November 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

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See also: 2021–2023 global energy crisis and 2022–2023 food crises

Consumer spending[where?] on goods moved in tandem with spending on services (see goods and services) prior to the COVID-19 recession, but upon emerging from the recession consumers shifted spending towards goods and away from services, particularly in the United States.[8] This shift placed stress on supply chains, such that the supply of goods could not meet demand, resulting in price increases. In November 2021 inflation in the United States was 14.9% for durable goods, compared to 10.7% for consumable goods and 3.8% for services.[8] Similar situations occurred in several other major economies.[which?] Supply chain stresses increased prices for commodities and transportation, which are cost inputs for finished goods.[8]

In countries where food constituted a large part of the inflation increase,[where?] rising prices forced low-income consumers to reduce spending on other goods, thereby slowing economic growth. "In those countries with high inflation, consumer spending has weakened because household spending power has taken a hit from rising prices," said William Jackson of Capital Economics, "And you've generally seen much more aggressive moves to tighten monetary policy."[9]

In June 2022, The Atlantic published an editorial article critical towards the U.S. Department of the Treasury controlling inflation. In 2021, Janet Yellen called the risk of inflation "small" and "manageable", and equally Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell thought inflation would be "transitory", even as inflation rose above 6 percent. In 2023, the International Monetary Fund ascertained that "food and energy are the main drivers of this inflation", as rising prices continue to squeeze living standards not only in North America but worldwide.[10][11]

Six out of ten (59%) EU enterprises were concerned about energy prices in 2023, and five out of ten (47%) were concerned about uncertainty, with some country variations.[12] Energy cost rises were more common in EU businesses than in US firms (93% vs. 83%).[12][13] Manufacturing businesses were the most likely to have encountered a 25% or more rise in energy spending, while the construction sector had the lowest number of firms suffering a 25% or greater increase in energy spending, despite the fact that more than half of firms reported this.[12][14][15]

### Fiscal and monetary policy[edit]

See also: United States Consumer Price Index

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2023)

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Among the factors contributing to the surge of inflation were the unprecedented levels of fiscal and monetary stimulus enacted to sustain household incomes and the liquidity of financial institutions in the 2020-2021 period. Many governments around the world adopted such stimulatory actions early in the COVID-19 pandemic.[16][17][18][19]

Some immediate actions were taken by banking systems across the country to combat the inflation surge, as most banks today target the rate of inflation in a country as their primary way of measuring economic flow for monetary policy. When inflation is present banks will make changes to their monetary policy by increasing interest rates or making changes to other policies. Higher interest rates make borrowing more expensive, reducing consumption. This is put into place purposely to maintain a level of consumption that will contribute to a steady level of inflation or decrease it, this is also known as inflation targeting.[20]

U.S. President Joe Biden said in August 2023 that his Inflation Reduction Act was inaptly named because it had "less to do with reducing inflation than it has to do with providing alternatives that generate economic growth,". The Congressional Budget Office had projected the law would have negligible effect on inflation, and it did not appear to reduce inflation at all. Contrary to Republican predictions, it also did not appear to have increased inflation.[21]

### Supply chain disruptions[edit]

Main article: 2021–2023 global supply chain crisis

Some economists[22] attribute the U.S. inflation surge to product shortages resulting from the global supply-chain problems, itself largely caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.[23] This coincided with strong consumer demand, driven by low unemployment and improved financial conditions following the pandemic.[24] The higher demand caused by the U.S. government's $5 trillion aid spending exacerbated supply-side issues in the United States; according to the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco researchers, this contributed 3 percentage points to inflation by the end of 2021.[25] They argued that the spending measures were nevertheless necessary to prevent deflation, which would've been harder to manage than inflation.[26]

Consumer prices have reached an all-time high within the last thirty years, soaring by 6.2% from the previous year, things like restaurant prices to clothes and the most popular being fuel, have drastically increased.[27] Fuel prices rose by 49% from January to June 2022 in the United States.[28] During the pandemic, the number of workers working worldwide plunged and had an immediate impact on the United States as less than a third of the global population has been vaccinated. Countries that supplied the United States with shoes and clothes such as Vietnam have had factory hub shortages due to not having enough vaccinated workers.[source?]

In June 2022, BlackRock CEO Larry Fink argued that consumer demand in the United States had remained steady compared to pre-pandemic years, with supply-chain issues overseas being the primary cause of the post-pandemic inflation surge. He attributed this to some countries taking longer (than the U.S.) to resume economic activity, thereby disrupting international trade.[29]

### Price gouging and windfall profits[edit]

The factual accuracy of part of this article is disputed. The dispute is about whether increasing profits in anticipation of future cost increases is price gouging. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. See the relevant discussion on the talk page. (June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

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In the United States, some Democratic politicians[30]: 1 [31]: 1 and other observers have contended that price gouging or "greedflation" exacerbated the inflation surge in the United States.[30]: 1 [32][33] They argue that the market concentration which has occurred in recent decades in some major industries, especially retailing, has given companies the ability to wield near-monopolistic pricing power.[33] Many economists responded by noting that if these large corporations indeed had so much market power, they could have used it to increase prices at any time, regardless of the pandemic.[33]

In 2022, several economists stated that price gouging could be a minor contributor to continuing inflation, but it is not one of the major underlying causes that started this surge.[30][32][33][31] Justin Wolfers, an economist at the University of Michigan quotes Jason Furman, who served as chair of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Obama said, "Blaming inflation on [corporate] greed is like blaming a plane crash on gravity. It is technically correct, but it entirely misses the point."[34] Wolfers states that companies will always charge the highest prices possible, but that competition keeps prices in check.[34]

Economists have stated that during times of high inflation, consumers know prices are increasing but do not have a good understanding of what reasonable prices should be, giving retailers the opportunity to raise prices faster than the cost inflation they are experiencing, resulting in larger profits.[30]: 1 [32][33][35] One example of this was the meat industry, where profits went up industry-wide as prices went up, because demand never decreased.[36]

A 2021 analysis conducted by The New York Times found that profit margins across more than 2,000 publicly traded companies were well above the pre-pandemic average during the year, as corporate profits reached a record high.[37][38] Economists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst found that in 2022 profit margins of US companies reached their highest level since the aftermath of World War II.[39] European Central Bank economists found in May 2023 that businesses were using the surge as a rare opportunity to boost their profit margins, finding it was a bigger factor than rising wages in fueling inflation during the second half of 2022.[40]

UBS Global Wealth Management chief economist Paul Donovan said this has happened because post-pandemic household balance sheets have kept consumer spending demand strong enough to encourage producers to raise prices faster than costs, and because consumers have been gullible enough to find exaggerated narratives justifying such price hikes plausible: "Consumers seem to be buying stories that seem to justify price increases, but which really serve as cover for profit margin expansion."[41]

In January 2023, the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, released a study which stated that "...markup growth likely contributed more than 50 percent to inflation in 2021, a substantially higher contribution than during the preceding decade. However, the markup itself is determined by a host of unobservable factors, ... We conclude that an increase in markups likely provides a signal that price setters expect persistent increases in their future costs of production."[42]

Robert Reich, who worked under President Bill Clinton as Labor Secretary, stated, "Nobody believes that price gouging is the main cause of inflation...The question really is whether corporate pricing power is aggravating the situation. And there's a great deal of evidence it is."[31]

A 2022 Working Paper by the International Monetary Fund explores implementation of windfall profit taxes, which have gained renewed interest following the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and subsequent surges in energy and food prices. The paper discusses the potential of such taxes as a tool for efficiently taxing economic rents, which are often a result of monopolistic power or unexpected events like pandemics, war, or natural disasters, and contribute to windfall profits. Such profits have raised public and policy concerns about price gouging, where firms are perceived to be profiting excessively from unforeseen circumstances.[43]

A May 2023 New York Times story reported that despite the costs of doing business falling in recent months, many large corporations have continued to raise prices, contributing to the recent inflation surge. The prices of oil, transportation, food ingredients, and other raw materials have decreased as the shocks from the pandemic and the Ukraine war have faded. However, many businesses have maintained or even increased their prices, bolstering their profits and potentially keeping inflation high. This strategy could pressure the Federal Reserve to keep raising interest rates, increasing the likelihood of an economic downturn. Analysts suggest that the continued high consumer prices are due to several factors, including increased demand for goods and services as households emerge from the pandemic, constrained supply chains, and consumers' willingness to spend more due to government stimulus payments, investment gains, pay raises, and low-interest mortgage refinancing. One investment firm estimates that these spending habits may change this summer as the bottom 25% of income earners fully deplete their pandemic savings. Some economists warn that wealthier households are affected less by inflation, with higher prices encouraging poorer consumers to substitute for less expensive purchases.[44]

An International Monetary Fund study published in June 2023 found that rising corporate profits accounted for almost half of the increase in euro area inflation during the preceding two years.[45]

According to a 2023 article in The Economist, there has been a notable rise in market concentration across various sectors, leading to significantly higher profits for dominant firms, especially in Western economies. This trend has been linked to concerns about greed-fueled price increases, particularly in sectors like energy and healthcare where large firms have been able to collect substantial economic rents.[46]

A December 2023 paper published by the UK based Institute for Public Policy Research and Common Wealth think tanks stated that corporate profiteering played an important role in the inflation spike of 2022. Corporate profits surged while wages failed to keep pace with rising prices, resulting in the working class suffering the largest decline in disposable and discretionary income since World War II.[47]

In January 2024, the progressive think thank Groundwork Collaborative published a report in which it declared that "resounding evidence" shows that high corporate profits were responsible for 53% of inflation in the United States during the second and third quarters of 2023.[48]

#### Oil and gasoline sector[edit]

The factual accuracy of part of this article is disputed. The dispute is about whether short term changes in market prices can support reliable statements. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. See the relevant discussion on the talk page. (January 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

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Shortly after initial energy price shocks caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine subsided, oil companies found that supply chain constrictions, already exacerbated by the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, supported price inelasticity, i.e., they began lowering prices to match the price of oil when it fell much more slowly than they had increased their prices when costs rose.[49]

The major American and British oil producers (Big Oil) reported record profits in 2022.[50][51][52] Amid longstanding constraints in refinery capacity, refinery profit margins were higher than their historical averages.[53] In July, the UK imposed a 25% windfall profit tax on British North Sea oil producers, which expected to raise £5 billion to pay for a government scheme that reduced household energy costs.[54] In late October, U.S. President Joe Biden accused the oil and gas sector of "war profiteering" and threatened to seek a windfall profit tax if the industry did not increase production to curb gasoline prices.[55]

Also, some argued the possibility of a "base effect" phenomenon that emerged due to a significant decline in certain prices, such as oil, at the onset of the pandemic. Comparing these anomalously low prices with the subsequent higher prices has then accentuated the perceived inflation.[56][57]

Analysis published in June 2023 by the Bureau of Labor Statistics found that from February 2020 through May 2023, gasoline retailing profit margins had increased 62%.[58]

#### Grocery prices[edit]

Analysis published in early 2024 by the White House Council of Economic Advisers found that grocery and beverage retailers had increased their margins by nearly two percentage points since the eve of the pandemic, to the highest level in two decades. The analysis found that grocer margins had remained elevated as the inflation surge eased, though margins for other types of retailers had fallen back to historical levels. President Joe Biden and others asserted that shrinkflation, a practice of reducing portion or quantity sizes of packaged foods while maintaining the same price, was keeping profit margins higher than usual.[59][60][61]

#### Industry consolidation driving inflation? - comparison to healthcare[edit]

The healthcare industry, which has become highly consolidated over previous decades like the oil industry, and has until recently had prices continuously rising faster than inflation, has not experienced recent price inflation, whereas the oil industry has.[30]: 1 [33]: 1

#### Motor vehicle prices[edit]

In the United States, higher motor vehicle prices were a significant contributor to the inflation surge. Analysis published in May 2023 by The New York Times found that auto manufacturers and dealers shifted from a high volume-low margin business model before the pandemic to a low volume-high margin model after the pandemic. Manufacturers emphasized higher-margin luxury vehicles, while dealers increased their markups over manufacturer list prices. A study published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the agency that tracks consumer prices, found that dealer markups accounted for 35% to 62% of new vehicle inflation from 2019 to 2022. Paul Ryan, the CEO of a shopping app that monitors prices across about 40,000 dealerships, remarked, "it was the best of times for car dealers, for sure."[62]

## Transitory vs persistent debate[edit]

The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this section, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new section, as appropriate. (November 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

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A debate arose among economists early in 2021 as to whether inflation was a transitory effect of the world's emergence from the pandemic, or whether it would be persistent. Economists Larry Summers and Olivier Blanchard warned of persistent inflation, while Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen argued it would be transitory.[63] Inflation continued to accelerate during 2021 and into 2022. In response, the Federal Reserve increased the fed funds rate by 25 basis points in March 2022, the first increase in three years, followed by 50 basis points in May, then a succession of four 75 basis point hikes in each of June, July, September and November. Some analysts considered these increases late and dramatic, arguing they might induce a recession.[64][65] The combined moves put the fed funds rate at its highest level[quantify] since the onset of the Great Recession in early 2008.[66][67] Inflation in the Eurozone hit a record high of 8.1% in May, prompting the European Central Bank to announce that it would raise rates in July by 25 basis points, the first increase in eleven years, and again in September by 50 basis points. By November it had increased rates by a cumulative 200 basis points.[68][69] After the Fed's third rate increase, Summers said "We are still headed for a pretty hard landing."[70] By November 2022, the inflation rate in the United States had declined five months straight while job creation remained strong and third quarter real GDP growth was 3.2% on strong consumer spending, leading a growing number of investors to conclude a hard landing might be averted.[71][72][73][74]

## Impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[edit]

Main article: Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Mark Zandi, chief economist of Moody's Analytics, analyzed United States Consumer Price Index components following the May 2022 report that showed an 8.6% inflation rate in the U.S. He found that by then the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine was the principal cause of higher inflation, comprising 3.5% of the 8.6%. He said oil and commodities prices jumped in anticipation of and response to the invasion, leading to higher gasoline prices. Resulting higher diesel prices led to higher transportation costs for consumer goods, notably food.[75]

Russian gas supply curbs, which began in 2021, aggravated energy crunch caused by demand growth and global supply limitations during the post pandemic restrictions recovery. In Europe, gas prices increased by more than 450%, and electricity by 230% in less than a year.[76] On February 22, 2022, before the Russian invasion, the German Government froze the Nord Stream 2 pipeline between Russia and Germany,[77] causing natural gas prices to rise significantly.[78]

On February 24, Russian military forces invaded Ukraine[79] to overthrow the democratically elected government, and replace it with a Russian puppet government.[80] Before the invasion, Ukraine accounted for 11.5% of the world's wheat crop market, and contributed 17% of the world's corn crop export market, and the invasion caused wheat and corn from Ukraine unable to reach international market, causing shortages, and result in dramatic rise in prices,[81] that exacerbated to foodstuffs and biodiesel prices.[82][83] Additionally, the price of Brent Crude Oil per barrel rose from $97.93 on February 25 to a high of $127.98 on March 8,[84] this caused petrochemicals and other goods reliant on crude oil to rise in price as well.[85][86]

The effect of sanctions on the Russian economy caused annual inflation in Russia to rise to 17.89%, its highest since 2002.[87] Weekly inflation hit a high of 0.99% in the week of April 8, bringing YTD inflation in Russia to 10.83%, compared to 2.72% in the same period of 2021.[87]

## Regional impacts[edit]

See also: List of countries by inflation rate and List of sovereign states by central bank interest rates

While most countries saw a rise in their annual inflation rate during 2021 and 2022, some of the highest rates of increase have been in Europe, Brazil, Turkey and the United States.[88][89] By June 2022, nearly half of Eurozone countries had double-digit inflation, and the region reached an average inflation rate of 8.6%, the highest since its formation in 1999.[90] In response, at least 75 central banks around the world have aggressively increased interest rates.[91] However, the World Bank warns that combating inflation with rate hikes has increased the risk of a global recession.[92][93]

### North Africa and Middle East[edit]

See also: Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)

Countries in North Africa were disproportionally affected by inflation. Tunisia went through a crisis triggered by soaring energy prices and unprecedented inflation of foods in 2022. Moroccan household finances also were negatively affected by imported inflation. Annual inflation rates in North African countries rose to 15.3 percent compared to 6.4 percent in 2021, according to the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics.[94][95][96]

In some North African countries, the inflation surge has encouraged hoarding practices by consumers. Price increases for basic food staples, such as coffee, were particularly high in parts of Asia and North Africa, where people spend a higher proportion of income on food and fuel than in the United States and Europe. Food producers of Nestlé's Middle East and North Africa (MENA) unit have noticed the stock-piling of non-perishable items, as a reaction to the surging inflation. Karim Al Bitar, head of consumer research and market intelligence at MENA, said that the company is considering to make some products "more affordable" to consumers.[97]

In Turkey, retail prices rose 9.65% in December compared to November, for an annual rate of 34%. Some of the largest increases were for electricity, natural gas, and gasoline. The economy was further strained by a currency crisis caused by a series of rate cuts by the central bank; the Turkish lira lost 44% of its value against the dollar during 2021.[98] By August 2022, Turkey's inflation rate was 80.21%.[99]

### Sub-Saharan Africa[edit]

According to the IMF, median inflation approached 9% in August. Rising prices of food and "tradable goods like household products" have contributed most to this increase.[100]

### North America[edit]

Housing prices inflation from Q4 2020 to Q4 2021 in the United States
40%
20%

-20%
-40%

In the United States, the Consumer Price Index rose 6.8% between November 2020 and November 2021, spurred by price increases for gasoline, food, and housing.[101] Higher energy costs caused the inflation to rise further in 2022,[102] reaching 9.1%, a high not seen since 1981.[103] In July 2022, the Fed increased the interest rate for the third time in the year,[104] yet inflation remained high outpacing the growth in wages[105] and spending.[106] According to the Economic Policy Institute the minimum wage was worth less than any time since 1956 due to inflation.[107][108]

Nevertheless, the hikes were seen as faster and sooner than the response by the European Central Bank, so while the euro fell, the dollar remained relatively stronger, helping it to be the more valuable currency for the first time in 20 years.[109][110] On July 27, the Fed announced a fourth rate rise by 0.75 points, bringing the rate to a range between 2.25% and 2.5%; although an expected move to combat the inflation, the rise has been seen more cautiously as there are signs that the economy is entering a recession, which the rate rises could potentially aggravate.[111][112][113] On July 28, data from the BEA showed that the economy shrunk for the second quarter in a row, which is commonly used to define a recession.[114][115][116] BLS data showed that inflation eased on July to 8.5%[117][118] from the 40-year peak reached in June at 8.9%.[119] Annual inflation increased to 8.3% in August 2022, in part due to rising grocery prices.[120] In September, the Fed increased the interest for a fifth time in the year reaching a 14-year high.[121] In November 2022, the year-over-year inflation rate was 7.1%, the lowest it has been since December 2021 but still much higher than average.[122]

Inflation is believed to have played a major role in a decline in the approval rating of President Joe Biden, who took office in January 2021, being net negative starting in October of that year.[123] Many Republicans have blamed stimulus spending by Biden and fellow Democrats for fueling the surge; economists argue that the government's COVID stimulus during 2020 under Trump, as well as the Federal reserve's actions, and more stimulus under Biden, started the 2021 inflation spike.[124] In March 2023, Federal Reserve chairman Jerome Powell said that currently the primary drivers of inflation are supply chain problems, consumers' change to purchases of goods rather than services, and the tight labor market.[124][125]

A recent analysis by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City ascertained the role America is playing in the current inflationary trend worldwide. Before 2019, the U.S. was seen as a last resort for consumer spending during a global recession, but after 2020, U.S. exports have contributed to foreign inflation. At the same time, energy prices have gone up as well as the value of the U.S. dollar, which both increased monetary pressures on nations that mostly rely on energy imports. In effect, the strength of the U.S. dollar and sanctions on energy commodities have contributed to global inflation in 2022.[126]

Analysis conducted by Politico in May 2023 found that in the United States, wage growth for the bottom 10th percentile of the wage scale beat inflation by a strong 5.7% from 2020 through 2022. For the middle 50th percentile, real wages were down by 1%, while they were down 5% for the top 90th percentile.[127]

After peaking at 9.1% in June 2022, the United States inflation rate declined steadily into 2023, representing overall disinflation. Analysis conducted by NerdWallet in October 2023 data found that prices for 92 of the 338 goods and services measured in CPI had declined from one year earlier, representing deflation for those items.[128] The Farm Bureau annual survey found the average cost of a Thanksgiving dinner would be down 4.5% from 2022.[129]

On July 26, the FED raised the interest rate to 5.5% the highest since 2001[130] and in October the 10-year Treasury yield rose to 5% a 16 year high.[131][132] while the 30-year fixed mortgage rate rose to 8% a 23 year high.[133] 2023 was the worst year for US home sales since 1995.[134] Despite gloom numbers the US defied recession fears with 3.3% growth in fourth quarter.[135][136]

Canada also saw multi-decade highs in inflation, hitting 5.1% in February 2022[137] and further increasing to 6.7% two months later.[138] In April, inflation rose again to 6.8%,[139][140] before jumping to 7.7% in May, the highest ever since 1983.[141][142]

In July 2022, Mexico's INEGI reported a year-on-year increase in consumer prices of 8.15%, against a Central Bank target of 2-4%.[143]

### South America[edit]

See also: La Década Perdida and Argentine monetary crisis

In Brazil, inflation hit its highest rate since 2003 — prices rose 10.74% in November 2021 compared to November 2020. Economists predicted that inflation has peaked and that, in fact, the economy may be headed for recession, in part due to aggressive interest rate increases by the central bank.[144]

According to Austing Rating data, Brazil ended 2022 with the sixth lowest G20 inflation rate. Inflation recorded in Brazil in 2022 was below the United States for the first time in 15 years, in addition to being lower than that of the United Kingdom and the 6th lowest in the G20 (group of the 19 largest and most important economies in the world and the European Union).[145]

In Argentina, a country with a chronic inflation problem, the interest rate was hiked to 69.5% in August, as inflation has further deteriorated hitting a 20-year high at 70%, and is forecasted to top 90% by the end of the year.[146] Inflation hit past 100% in February 2023 for the first time since 1991.[147][148] Argentina's December 2023 annual inflation was the highest in the world at 211.4%.[149]

Chile had low inflation for several years thanks to the monetary policy of its autonomous central bank. However, in 2022 there was a record intranual inflation of 14.1%, the highest in the last 30 years. There is a consensus among economists that Chilean inflation is mainly caused by endogenous factors, especially the aggressive expansionary policies during the COVID-19 pandemic and the massive withdrawals from pension funds. Economists have also predicted a possible recession by 2023 due to high interest rates to combat inflation.[150][151]

### Europe[edit]

See also: 2021–present United Kingdom cost-of-living crisis

In the Netherlands, the average 2021 inflation rate was the highest since 2003.[152] With energy prices having increased by 75%, December saw the highest inflation rate in decades.[152] In 2023, Netherlands fell into recession from April to June.[153]

In the UK, inflation reached a 40-year high of 10.1% in July 2022, driven by food prices, and further increase is anticipated in October when higher energy bills are expected to hit.[154] In September, the Bank of England warned the UK may already be in recession[155] and in December, the interest rate was raised by the ninth time in the year to 3.5%, the highest level for 14 years.[156]

UK food and drink prices rose by 19.2% in the year to March 2023, a 45-year high.[157][158] On 3 August the BoE raised the interest rate to 5.25%, the highest since 2008.[159]

Germany's inflation rate reached 11.7% in October, the highest level since 1951.[160] In 2023, Germany fell into recession from January to March due to persistent inflation.[161]

In France, inflation reached 5.8% in May, the highest in more than three decades.[162]

An estimated 70,000 people protested against the Czech government as a result of rising energy prices.[163][164]

In June 2022, the European Central Bank (ECB) decided to raise interest rates for the first time in eleven years due to the elevated inflation pressure.[165][166] In July, the euro fell below the U.S. dollar for the first time in 20 years, mainly due to fears of energy supply restrictions from Russia, but also because the ECB lagged behind the US, UK and other central banks in raising interest rates.[109][110] Eurozone inflation hit 9.1% and 10% in August and September, respectively,[167][168] prompting the ECB to raise interest rates for a second time in the year to 1.25% in early September.[169] In October, the inflation hit 10.7%, the highest since records began in 1997.[170][160]

In 2023, the Eurozone fell into recession from January to March[171] and also in March, the Eurozone core inflation hit a record 5.7%, the highest level since records began in 2001.[172] On 14 September, the ECB raised the interest rate for the tenth consecutive time to 4%, the highest since the euro was launched in 1999.[173][174]

### Asia[edit]

In April 2022, the Philippines recorded 6.1% inflation, its highest since October 2018. The Philippine Statistics Authority forecasted that the number would most likely be higher in the following months. President Bongbong Marcos claimed that the record inflation rate was "not that high".[175] On January 5, 2023, the Philippines rapidly increased to a record-breaking 8.1% inflation from December 2022.[176][177]

In October 2022, the Japanese yen touched a 32-year low against the U.S. dollar, mainly because of the strength of the latter.[178][179] In November, the Japanese core inflation rate reached a 41-year high of 3.7%.[180]

### Oceania[edit]

Inflation in New Zealand exceeded forecasts in July 2022, reaching 7.3%, which is the highest since 1990.[181] Economists at ANZ reportedly said they expected faster interest rate increases to counteract inflationary pressures.[182]

In Fiji, inflation rose to 4.7% in April 2022 compared to –2.4% in 2021.[183] Food prices rose by 6.9% in April 2022, fuel increased by 25.2%, kerosene by 28.5% and gas by 27.7%.[184]

In November 2023, Australia lifted the interest rate to 4.35%, a 12-year high.[185]

## See also[edit]

* COVID-19 recession
* Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
* Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
* 2021 United Kingdom natural gas supplier crisis
* 2022 stock market decline
* 2020s commodities boom
* 2023 banking crisis
* Inflation Reduction Act

## References[edit]

1. ^ "World Economic Outlook database: October 2023". International Monetary Fund. October 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
2. ^ "World Development Indicators - Databank". The World Bank. Retrieved February 10, 2024. [For regions]
3. ^ Multiple sources:
* Santul Nerkar; Amelia Thomson-DeVeaux (April 26, 2022). "Were The Stimulus Checks A Mistake?". FiveThirtyEight.
* Gharehgozli, O.; Lee, S. (2022). "Money Supply and Inflation after COVID-19". Economies. 10 (5): 101. doi:10.3390/economies10050101.
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145. ^ Shoes, Eloisa (January 19, 2023). "Inflação do Brasil está entre as menores do Mundo em 2022". Investidores Brasil - Juntos Podemos Mais (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved February 16, 2023.
146. ^ "Argentina rate hiked to 69.5% as inflation hits 20-year high". BBC News. August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
147. ^ "Argentina inflation soars past 100% mark". BBC News. March 15, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
148. ^ Bianco, Miguel Lo; Martini, Claudia (March 14, 2023). "Argentina inflation tops 100% for first time since 1991". Reuters. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
149. ^ AP (January 12, 2024). "Argentina's annual inflation soars to 211.4%, the highest in the world". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
150. ^ "Inflación anual de Chile es la más alta en 30 años". CNN Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved September 26, 2022.
151. ^ "La mayor en 30 años: Expertos analizan compleja persistencia inflacionaria y las acciones del Banco Central para controlarla". Emol (in Spanish). September 9, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
152. ^ a b "Torenhoge inflatie in december, cijfer over heel 2021 naar 2,7 procent" (in Dutch). NOS. January 11, 2022. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022.
153. ^ "Netherlands dips into recession after strong COVID rebound – DW – 08/16/2023". dw.com. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
154. ^ "UK inflation: Food costs push price rises to new 40-year high". BBC News. August 17, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
155. ^ "UK may already be in recession - Bank of England". BBC News. September 22, 2022. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
156. ^ "UK interest rates raised to highest level for 14 years". BBC News. December 15, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
157. ^ "Inflation falls but food prices climb to 45 year high". BBC News. April 19, 2023. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
158. ^ "Consumer price inflation, UK - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
159. ^ "Interest rates: No cut until 'solid evidence' price rises slowing - Bank boss". BBC News. August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
160. ^ a b Hannon, Paul (October 31, 2022). "Eurozone Inflation Rate Rises to 10.7% as Recession Looms". The Wall Street Journal.
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162. ^ "Projections macroéconomiques – Juin 2022". Banque de France (in French). June 21, 2022. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
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165. ^ Bank, European Central (June 9, 2022). "Monetary policy decisions". European Central. Archived from the original on June 12, 2022.
166. ^ "Eurozone interest rates set to rise for first time in 11 years". BBC News. June 9, 2022. Archived from the original on June 11, 2022.
167. ^ Ward-Glenton, Hannah (August 31, 2022). "Euro zone inflation hits another record of 9.1% as food and energy prices soar". CNBC. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
168. ^ "Eurozone inflation hits record 10%, highest in the history of the euro". DW. September 30, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
169. ^ "Eurozone interest rates in record rise to fight inflation". BBC News. September 8, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
170. ^ Amaro, Silvia (October 31, 2022). "Euro zone inflation hits record high of 10.7% as growth slows sharply". CNBC. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
171. ^ "Eurozone in recession as rising prices hit spending". BBC News. June 8, 2023. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
172. ^ Hannon, Paul (March 31, 2023). "Eurozone Core Inflation Hits Record High". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
173. ^ Canepa, Francesco; Koranyi, Balazs (September 14, 2023). "ECB raises rates to record high, signals end to hikes". Reuters. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
174. ^ "Eurozone interest rates raised to all-time high". BBC News. September 14, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
175. ^ Cuyco, Jan (July 6, 2022). "That high: What you need to know about inflation in the Philippines". Interaksyon. Archived from the original on July 13, 2022.
176. ^ "Summary Inflation Report Consumer Price Index (2018=100): December 2022". Philippine Statistics Authority. January 5, 2023.
177. ^ Domingo, Ronnel W. (January 5, 2023). "Philippine inflation rose further to 8.1% in December". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
178. ^ "Japanese yen touches 32-year low against US dollar". BBC News. October 14, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
179. ^ "Yen hits fresh 32-year low of 151 against U.S. dollar". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
180. ^ Monica Miller; Mariko Oi (December 23, 2022). "Cost of living: Japan's inflation hits a 41-year high". BBC.
181. ^ Brockett, Matthew (July 17, 2022). "New Zealand Inflation Outpaces Forecasts at Fresh 32-Year High". Bloomberg. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
182. ^ Janda, Michael (July 17, 2022). "Federal Treasurer Jim Chalmers warns on budget outlook, New Zealand inflation surge hints at even bigger interest rate rises". ABC News. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
183. ^ Fijivillage. "Annual headline inflation rises to 4.7% in April". www.fijivillage.com. Archived from the original on May 26, 2022.
184. ^ Fijivillage. "Food prices rose by 6.9% in April". www.fijivillage.com. Archived from the original on June 11, 2022.
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## External links[edit]

* "Real interest rates". World Bank Open Data.
* "Real interest rates". Visual Capitalist. May 4, 2023.
* FT's Global inflation tracker

* v
* t
* e

Energy in Russia

Topics|

* Climate change
* Economy of Russia
* Energy security
* Energy superpower
* Greenhouse gas emissions
* Ministry of Energy

Sources|

* Coal
* Geothermal
* Hydroelectric
* LNG industry
* Natural gas
* Gas Exporting Countries Forum
* Nuclear
* Oil industry
* Oil reserves
* Petroleum industry
* Barents Basin
* Barents Sea fields
* West Siberia
* Renewable energy
* Solar
* Wind

Electricity generation|

* Electric power industry
* in Imperial Russia
* List of power stations
* Russian floating nuclear power station
* Thermal power stations

Energy companies|

* Electric power companies of Russia
* Gazprom
* Lukoil
* Novatek
* Rosatom
* Rosneft
* Rosneftegaz
* Sakhalin Energy
* Transneft
* Yamal LNG

Politics and disputes
(before 2022 invasion)|

* Energy policy of Russia
* Soviet Union
* OPEC
* Russia–Saudi Arabia relations
* China–Russia relations
* Power of Siberia
* Germany–Russia relations
* Nord Stream 1
* Nord Stream 2
* Russia in the European energy sector

| Disputes over the Arctic|

* Arctic policy of Russia
* 2007 Russian North Pole expedition
* Continental shelf
* Petroleum exploration in the Arctic
* Territorial claims in the Arctic

|

Disputes with Belarus|

* of 2004
* of 2007

Disputes with Georgia|

* 2006 Russia–Georgia energy crisis

Disputes with Ukraine|

* Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
* of 2005–06
* of 2009
* Kharkiv Pact
* Remember about the Gas – Do not buy Russian goods!
* Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine

Ukraine invasion
and sanctions|

* 2021–2023 global energy crisis
* 2021–2023 inflation surge
* 2022–2023 food crises
* 2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute
* International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
* during the invasion
* 2022 oil sanctions
* 2023 oil sanctions
* gas price cap
* CAATSA
* Unfriendly countries list

* Category
* Russia portal
* Energy portal
* Renewable energy portal

* v
* t
* e

Financial crises

* Banking panic
* Commodity price shocks
* Credit crunch
* Credit cycle
* Currency crisis
* Debt crisis
* Energy crisis
* Financial contagion
* Social contagion
* Flash crash
* Hyperinflation
* Liquidity crisis
* Accounting
* Capital
* Funding
* Market
* Minsky moment
* Social crisis
* Stock market crash

Pre-1000|

* Crisis of the Third Century (235–284 CE)

Commercial Revolution
(1000–1760)|

* Great Bullion Famine (c. 1400–c. 1500)
* The Great Debasement (1544–1551)
* Dutch Republic stock market crashes (c. 1600–1760)
* Kipper und Wipper (1621–1623)
* Tulip mania crash (1637)
* South Sea bubble crash (1720)
* Mississippi bubble crash (1720)

1st Industrial Revolution
(1760–1840)|

* Amsterdam banking crisis of 1763
* Bengal bubble crash (1769–1784)
* British credit crisis of 1772–1773
* Dutch Republic financial collapse (c. 1780–1795)
* Panic of 1785
* Copper Panic of 1789
* Panic of 1792
* Panic of 1796–1797
* Danish state bankruptcy of 1813
* Post-Napoleonic Irish grain price and land use shocks (1815–1816)
* Panic of 1819
* Panic of 1825
* Panic of 1837

1840–1870|

* European Potato Failure (1845–1856)
* Great Irish Famine
* Highland Potato Famine
* Panic of 1847
* Panic of 1857
* Panic of 1866
* Black Friday (1869)

2nd Industrial Revolution
(1870–1914)|

* Panic of 1873
* Paris Bourse crash of 1882
* Panic of 1884
* Arendal crash (1886)
* Baring crisis (1890)
* Encilhamento (1890–1893)
* Panic of 1893
* Australian banking crisis of 1893
* Black Monday (1894)
* Panic of 1896
* Panic of 1901
* Panic of 1907
* Shanghai rubber stock market crisis (1910)
* Panic of 1910–1911
* Financial crisis of 1914

Interwar period
(1918–1939)|

* Early Soviet hyperinflation (1917–1924)
* Weimar Republic hyperinflation (1921–1923)
* Shōwa financial crisis (1927)
* Wall Street Crash of 1929
* Panic of 1930

Post–WWII expansion
(1945–1973)|

* Kennedy Slide of 1962
* 1963–1965 Indonesian hyperinflation

Great Inflation
(1973–1982)|

* 1970s energy crisis (1973–1980)
* 1973 oil crisis
* 1973–1974 stock market crash
* Secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975
* Steel crisis (1973–1982)
* Latin American debt crisis (1975–1982)
* 1976 British currency crisis
* 1979 oil crisis
* Brazilian hyperinflation (1980–1982)

Great Moderation/
Great Regression
(1982–2007)|

* Brazilian hyperinflation (1982–1994)
* Souk Al-Manakh stock market crash (1982)
* Chilean crisis of 1982
* 1983 Israel bank stock crisis
* Black Saturday (1983)
* Savings and loan crisis (1986–1995)
* Black Monday (1987)
* 1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis
* Japanese asset price bubble crash (1990–1992)
* Rhode Island banking crisis (1990–1992)
* 1991 Indian economic crisis
* 1990s Swedish financial crisis
* 1990s Finnish banking crisis
* 1990s Armenian energy crisis
* Cuban Special Period (1991–2000)
* Black Wednesday (1992 Sterling crisis)
* Yugoslav hyperinflation (1992–1994)
* 1994 bond market crisis
* Venezuelan banking crisis of 1994
* Mexican peso crisis (1994–1996)
* 1997 Asian financial crisis
* October 1997 mini-crash
* 1998 Russian financial crisis
* 1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis
* 1998–2002 Argentine great depression
* Samba effect (1999)
* Dot-com bubble crash (2000–2004)
* 9/11 stock market crash (2001)
* 2001 Turkish economic crisis
* South American economic crisis of 2002
* Stock market downturn of 2002
* 2002 Uruguay banking crisis
* 2003 Myanmar banking crisis
* 2000s energy crisis (2003–2008)
* 2004 Argentine energy crisis
* 2007 Chinese stock bubble crash
* Zimbabwean hyperinflation (2007–present)

Great Recession
(2007–2009)|

* 2007–2008 financial crisis
* September 2008
* October 2008
* November 2008
* December 2008
* 2009
* Subprime mortgage crisis
* 2000s U.S. housing market correction
* U.S. bear market of 2007–2009
* 2008 Latvian financial crisis
* 2008–2009 Belgian financial crisis
* 2008–2009 Russian financial crisis
* 2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis
* 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis
* 2008–2011 Irish banking crisis
* 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis
* Blue Monday Crash 2009
* European debt crisis
* Greek government-debt crisis

Digital Revolution
(2009–present)|

* 2009 Dubai debt standstill
* Venezuelan banking crisis of 2009–2010
* 2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis
* Energy crisis in Venezuela (2010–present)
* Syrian economic crisis (2011–present)
* August 2011 stock markets fall
* 2011 Bangladesh share market scam
* 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
* 2013 Chinese banking liquidity crisis
* Venezuela economic crisis (2013–present)
* 2014–2016 Brazilian economic crisis
* Puerto Rican government-debt crisis (2014–2022)
* Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)
* 2015 Nepal blockade
* 2015–2016 Chinese stock market turbulence
* 2015–2016 stock market selloff
* Brexit stock market crash (2016)
* Venezuelan hyperinflation (2016–present)
* 2017 Sri Lankan fuel crisis
* Ghana banking crisis (2017–2018)
* Turkish economic crisis (2018–present)
* Lebanese liquidity crisis (2019–present)
* Sri Lankan economic crisis (2019–present)
* COVID-19 pandemic
* Financial market impact
* 2020 stock market crash
* Recession
* Chinese property sector crisis (2020–present)
* 2021–2023 inflation
* 2022 Russian financial crisis
* 2022 stock market decline
* 2023 United States banking crisis

* List of banking crises
* List of economic crises
* List of sovereign debt crises
* List of stock market crashes and bear markets

* v
* t
* e

COVID-19 pandemic

* COVID-19 (disease)
* SARS-CoV-2 (virus)

Timeline

| Pre-pandemic|

* Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
* Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
* Crimson Contagion
* Disease X
* Event 201
* Exercise Cygnus
* 2019

|

2020|

* January
* responses
* February
* responses
* March
* responses
* April
* responses
* May
* responses
* June
* responses
* July
* responses
* August
* responses
* September
* responses
* October
* responses
* November
* responses
* December
* responses

2021|

* January
* responses
* February
* responses
* March
* responses
* April
* responses
* May
* responses
* June
* responses
* July
* responses
* August
* responses
* September
* responses
* October
* responses
* November
* responses
* December
* responses

2022|

* January
* responses
* February
* responses
* March
* responses
* April
* responses
* May
* responses
* June
* responses
* July
* responses
* August
* responses
* September
* responses
* October
* responses
* November
* December

2023 and after|

* 2023
* 2024

Locations

| Africa

*     * timeline
* national
responses

| Northern|

* Algeria
* Canary Islands
* Ceuta
* Egypt
* Libya
* Mauritania
* Melilla
* Morocco
* Sudan
* Tunisia
* Western Sahara
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

|

Eastern|

* Burundi
* Comoros
* Djibouti
* Eritrea
* Ethiopia
* Kenya
* Madagascar
* Mauritius
* Mayotte
* Réunion
* Rwanda
* Seychelles
* Somalia
* Puntland
* Somaliland
* South Sudan
* Tanzania
* Uganda

Southern|

* Angola
* Botswana
* Eswatini
* Lesotho
* Malawi
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* South Africa
* list of deaths
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

Central|

* Cameroon
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Gabon
* São Tomé and Príncipe

Western|

* Benin
* Burkina Faso
* Cape Verde
* Equatorial Guinea
* Gambia
* Ghana
* timeline
* 2020
* March–July
* August–December
* 2021
* government response
* impact
* education
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Liberia
* Mali
* Niger
* Nigeria
* government response
* Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
* Senegal
* Sierra Leone
* Togo

Asia|

| Central/North|

* Kazakhstan
* Kyrgyzstan
* Russia
* timeline
* January–June
* July–December
* impact
* economic
* social
* political
* Tajikistan
* Turkmenistan
* Uzbekistan

|

East|

* Hong Kong
* Japan
* timeline
* Tokyo
* 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Macau
* Mongolia
* Taiwan
* respirator diplomacy

Mainland China|

* lockdown
* detail
* statistics
* vaccination
* Beijing
* 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics
* Heilongjiang
* Henan
* Hubei
* Inner Mongolia
* Liaoning
* Shanghai
* 2022 outbreak
* Sichuan
* Tibet
* Xinjiang

South|

* Afghanistan
* Bangladesh
* timeline
* Bhutan
* Maldives
* Nepal
* Pakistan
* Tablighi Jamaat hotspot
* Sri Lanka

India|

* economic impact
* evacuations
* lockdown
* migrant workers' crisis
* statistics
* timeline
* 2020
* January–May
* June–December
* 2021
* union government response
* PM CARES Fund
* SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund
* state government responses
* vaccination
* Vaccine Maitri

By location|

* Andaman and Nicobar Islands
* Andhra Pradesh
* Arunachal Pradesh
* Assam
* Bihar
* Chandigarh
* Chhattisgarh
* Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
* Delhi
* Tablighi Jamaat hotspot
* Goa
* Gujarat
* Haryana
* Himachal Pradesh
* Jammu and Kashmir
* Jharkhand
* Karnataka
* Kerala
* timeline
* Ladakh
* Lakshadweep
* Madhya Pradesh
* Maharashtra
* Manipur
* Meghalaya
* Mizoram
* Nagaland
* Odisha
* Puducherry
* Punjab
* Rajasthan
* Sikkim
* Tamil Nadu
* Telangana
* Tripura
* Uttar Pradesh
* Uttarakhand
* West Bengal

Southeast|

* Brunei
* Cambodia
* East Timor
* Indonesia
* timeline
* 2021
* social restrictions
* Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement
* Laos
* Myanmar
* Singapore
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* circuit breaker response
* vaccination
* statistics
* Thailand
* timeline
* vaccination
* statistics
* Vietnam
* timeline
* government response

Malaysia|

* impact
* social
* economic
* political
* Aid and relief efforts
* movement control order
* Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* statistics
* Johor
* Kuala Lumpur
* Sabah
* Sarawak
* Selangor

Philippines|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* government response
* community quarantines
* Luzon
* evacuations
* testing controversy
* vaccination
* Bangsamoro
* Bicol Region
* Cagayan Valley
* Calabarzon
* Caraga
* Central Luzon
* Central Visayas
* Cordillera
* Davao Region
* Eastern Visayas
* Ilocos Region
* Metro Manila
* Mimaropa
* Northern Mindanao
* Soccsksargen
* Western Visayas
* Zamboanga Peninsula
* Overseas Filipinos

West|

* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Artsakh
* Bahrain
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* Egypt
* Georgia
* Abkhazia
* South Ossetia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Kurdistan Region
* Israel
* Jordan
* Kuwait
* Lebanon
* Oman
* Palestine
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* vaccination
* Syria
* Turkey
* timeline
* United Arab Emirates
* Yemen

Europe|

| United Kingdom|

* history
* timeline
* January–June 2020
* July–December 2020
* January–June 2021
* July–December 2021
* January–June 2022
* July–December 2022
* 2023
* responses
* government response
* response
* Operation Rescript
* contracts
* impact
* social
* economic
* education

By location|

* England
* timeline
* 2020
* January–June
* July–December
* 2021
* 2022
* London
* local lockdown regulations
* first tier regulations
* Northern Ireland
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Scotland
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Wales
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Crown Dependencies
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Guernsey
* Overseas territories
* Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Gibraltar

Eastern|

* Belarus
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Kazakhstan
* Moldova
* Gagauzia
* Transnistria
* Russia
* timeline
* January–June 2020
* July–December 2020
* government responses
* political impact
* Turkey
* timeline
* Ukraine
* Crimea
* Sevastopol

Western Balkans|

* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Kosovo
* Montenegro
* North Macedonia
* Serbia
* statistics

European Union|

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* timeline
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Faroe Islands
* Estonia
* Finland
* Åland
* France
* Guadeloupe
* French Guiana
* Réunion
* Martinique
* Mayotte
* Normandy
* Saint Martin
* Germany
* North Rhine-Westphalia
* government response
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* economic impact
* social impact
* vaccination
* Italy
* lockdowns
* timeline
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* government response
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* timeline
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* timeline
* Asturias
* Canary Islands
* Ceuta
* Community of Madrid
* Melilla
* Sweden
* government response
* Operation Gloria

EFTA countries|

* Iceland
* Liechtenstein
* Norway
* Svalbard
* Switzerland

Microstates|

* Andorra
* Monaco
* San Marino
* Vatican City

North
America|

| Atlantic|

* Bermuda
* Greenland
* Saint Pierre and Miquelon

|

Canada|

* timeline
* economic impact
* federal aid
* vaccination
* by province
* military response
* Atlantic Bubble
* Alberta
* timeline
* British Columbia
* Manitoba
* New Brunswick
* Newfoundland and Labrador
* Northwest Territories
* Nova Scotia
* Nunavut
* Ontario
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Ottawa
* Peel Region
* Toronto
* York Region
* Provincial government response
* Vaccination
* Prince Edward Island
* Quebec
* Montreal
* boroughs
* Saskatchewan
* timeline
* Yukon

Caribbean|

| Countries|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Cuba
* Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* Grenada
* Haiti
* Jamaica
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Trinidad and Tobago
* timeline

|

British Overseas Territories|

* Anguilla
* British Virgin Islands
* Cayman Islands
* Montserrat
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* response

* Aruba
* Curaçao
* Sint Maarten

Caribbean Netherlands|

* Bonaire
* Saba
* Sint Eustatius

French West Indies|

* Guadeloupe
* Martinique
* Saint Barthélemy
* Saint Martin

US insular areas|

* Puerto Rico
* U.S. Virgin Islands

Central America|

* Belize
* Costa Rica
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Honduras
* Mexico
* timeline
* vaccination
* Nicaragua
* Panama

United States|

* Trump administration communication
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* social impact
* economic impact
* 2021 hospital crisis

responses|

* federal government
* state and local governments
* California government response
* New York government response
* Texas government response
* Eastern States Multi-state Council
* Midwest Governors Regional Pact
* Western States Pact

By location|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* American Samoa
* Arizona
* Navajo Nation
* Arkansas
* California
* timeline
* S.F. Bay Area
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* timeline
* Massachusetts
* timeline
* Boston
* timeline
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* timeline
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* New York City
* timeline
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Ohio
* Columbus
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Portland
* Pennsylvania
* Philadelphia
* Puerto Rico
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* timeline
* Austin
* U.S. Virgin Islands
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* Washington, D.C.
* White House
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Oceania|

* American Samoa
* Cook Islands
* Easter Island
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Caledonia
* Niue
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Bougainville
* Pitcairn Islands
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tokelau
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu
* Wallis and Futuna

Australia|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* January–June
* July–December
* 2022
* Australian Capital Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* New South Wales
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Territory
* Queensland
* South Australia
* Tasmania
* Victoria
* Western Australia

New Zealand|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* economic impact
* government response
* Alert levels
* Traffic light system
* social impact
* managed isolation

South
America|

* Argentina
* statistics
* human rights
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* São Paulo
* Chile
* statistics
* Easter Island
* Colombia
* timeline
* Ecuador
* Falkland Islands
* French Guiana
* Guyana
* Paraguay
* Peru
* statistics
* Cusco
* Suriname
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Others|

* Antarctica
* Cruise ships
* Diamond Princess
* Grand Princess
* Naval ships
* Charles de Gaulle
* USS Theodore Roosevelt

Impact

| Culture and
entertainment|

| Arts and
cultural heritage|

* References in popular culture
* Cinema
* films affected
* Corona-chan
* Disney
* Fashion industry
* Music industry
* Performing arts
* Television
* U.S.
* U.S. sports
* programs affected
* Video games

|

Education|

* Female education
* Homeschooling

By country|

* Ghana
* Ireland
* United Kingdom
* exam grading controversy
* United States

Sports|

* Bio-secure bubble

By country|

* Ireland
* Philippines

By sport|

* Association football
* Baseball
* Basketball
* NBA
* Combat sports
* Cricket
* Disc golf
* Gaelic games
* Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)
* Ice hockey
* Motorsport
* Rugby league

Society
and rights|

| Social impact|

* Social media
* Stigma
* COVID-19 parties
* Children
* foster care in the U.S.

|

Labor|

* Healthcare workers
* Indian migrant workers
* Great Resignation
* Strikes

Human rights|

* Argentina
* Hong Kong
* Myanmar
* North Korea
* Turkmenistan

Legal|

* Abortion in the U.S.
* Crime
* Domestic violence
* Prisons
* U.S. immigration detention

Minority|

* Gender
* LGBT community
* African communities
* Disability community
* Native American communities
* Xenophobia and racism

Religion|

* Catholic Church
* Hajj

Economic|

* Charitable activity
* COVID-19 scams
* Travel restrictions

By country|

* Canada
* India
* Ireland
* COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment
* Malaysia
* New Zealand
* Russia
* U.K.
* U.S.

By industry|

* Aviation
* Airlines
* Cannabis industry
* Food industry
* meat industry in Canada
* meat industry in the U.S.
* restaurant industry in the U.S.
* Hospitals
* ICU capacity
* Long-term care facilities
* Mink farming
* Public transport
* Retail
* Tourism

Supply and trade|

* Shortages
* Chip supply
* Energy
* Global supply chain
* Oil price war
* Food security

Financial markets|

* Global stock market crash
* COVID-19 recession
* Inflation

Information|

* Journalism
* Media coverage
* Wikipedia's response

Misinformation|

* Governments
* China
* United States
* By country
* Canada
* Philippines
* Ivermectin
* Plandemic

Politics|

* National responses
* Legislation
* European Union

Political impact|

* Ireland
* Malaysia
* Russia

Protests|

* Canada
* convoy protest
* China
* Italy
* Germany
* Idar-Oberstein shooting
* the Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Serbia
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Open the States

International relations|

* Aid
* Italy
* Moldovan–Romanian collaboration
* Nicaragua–Taiwan relations
* Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan
* Vaccine diplomacy

Language|

* Anthropause
* Doomscrolling
* Flattening the curve
* Green recovery
* Long COVID
* Quarantini
* Social distancing
* Superspreader
* Twindemic
* Zero-COVID
* Zoom
* Zoom towns

Others|

* Animals
* Cluster 5
* Environment
* Military
* Pregnant women
* Science and technology

Health issues

| Medical topics|

* Transmission
* Symptoms
* Cancer
* Endemic COVID-19
* Skin manifestations
* Long COVID
* Mental health
* neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes
* Pregnancy
* Non-COVID-19–related health issues
* Shortages
* Raise the line
* Rehabilitation
* Unproven medical methods

|

Testing and
epidemiology|

* Datasets
* Death rates by country
* Disease testing
* Breathalyzer
* Operation Moonshot
* Test to Release
* UK Rapid Test Consortium
* AbC-19 rapid antibody test
* investigations into the origins
* lab leak theory
* Rapid antigen test
* Software
* Surveillance
* Undercounting COVID-19 deaths

Apps|

* Aarogya Setu
* BlueTrace
* careFIJI
* Coronavirus Australia
* Corona-Warn-App
* COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application
* COVID Alert (Canada)
* COVID AlertSA (South Africa)
* COVIDSafe
* COVID Tracker Ireland
* Covid Watch
* Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing
* Exposure Notification
* Health Code
* Healthy Together
* Immuni
* Koronavilkku
* LeaveHomeSafe
* MySejahtera
* NHS COVID-19
* NZ COVID Tracer
* NZ Pass Verifier
* PathCheck
* PeduliLindungi
* SafeEntry
* SafePass
* StaySafe.ph
* SwissCovid
* TCN Protocol
* Test, Trace, Protect
* Thai Chana
* TousAntiCovid
* TraceTogether
* Valtrace
* Zoe Health Study

Prevention|

* Air purifier (Corsi–Rosenthal Box)
* Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
* COVID fatigue
* Evacuations
* Face masks
* Anti-mask sentiment
* United States
* Flattening the curve
* Great Barrington Declaration
* International aid
* Lockdowns
* Public health mitigation
* Safe Hands Challenge
* Social distancing
* Workplace hazard controls
* Zero-COVID

Vaccines|

| Topics|

* Authorizations
* Clinical research
* Deployment
* Development
* EU Certificate
* Misinformation and hesitancy
* Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates
* US
* Operation Warp Speed (U.S.)
* Post-vaccination complications
* Vaccine card
* Vaccine passports

|

Authorized|

| DNA|

* ZyCoV-D

|

Inactivated|

* Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
* CoronaVac
* Covaxin
* COVIran Barekat
* CoviVac (Russia)
* FAKHRAVAC
* Minhai
* QazCovid-in
* Sinopharm BIBP
* Sinopharm WIBP
* Turkovac
* Valneva

mRNA|

* Moderna
* Pfizer–BioNTech

Subunit|

* Abdala
* Corbevax (Bio E COVID-19)
* COVAX-19
* EpiVacCorona
* IndoVac
* MVC
* Noora
* Novavax
* Razi Cov Pars
* Sinopharm CNBG
* Soberana 02
* Soberana Plus
* ZF2001 (Zifivax)

Viral vector|

* Convidecia
* Janssen
* Oxford–AstraZeneca
* Sputnik V
* Sputnik Light

Virus-like particles|

* CoVLP

In trials|

| Attenuated|

* COVI-VAC (United States)

|

DNA|

* AG0302-COVID‑19
* GX-19
* Inovio

Inactivated|

* KD-414
* NDV-HXP-S

RNA|

* ARCT-021
* ARCT-154
* Bangavax
* CureVac (terminated)
* HGC019
* mRNA-1283
* PTX-COVID19-B
* Sanofi–Translate Bio (terminated)
* Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine
* Walvax

Subunit|

* 202-CoV
* AKS-452
* EuCorVac-19
* IVX-411
* Nanocovax
* ReCOV
* Sanofi–GSK
* S-268019
* SCB-2019
* SCTV01C
* Skycovione
* UB-612
* V-01
* V451 (terminated)
* Vabiotech
* West China Hospital
* Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech

Viral vector|

* AdCLD-CoV19
* BriLife
* COH04S1
* DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT
* GRAd-COV2
* ImmunityBio
* iNCOVACC
* INNA-051
* NDV-HXP-S
* Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine

Virus-like particles|

* ABNCoV2
* LYB001
* MigVax-101
* VBI-2902

Deployment
by location|

| Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Cameroon
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eswatini
* Ghana
* Morocco
* Nigeria
* Senegal
* South Africa
* Zimbabwe

|

Asia|

* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Mainland China
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Israel
* Japan
* Kazakhstan
* Malaysia
* Nepal
* Philippines
* Russia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates
* Vietnam

Europe|

* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Denmark
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Moldova
* Norway
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

North America|

* Canada
* Ontario
* Quebec
* Cuba
* Haiti
* Mexico
* United States
* mandates

Oceania|

* Australia
* Fiji
* New Zealand

South America|

* Argentina
* Brazil
* Colombia
* Peru

Others|

* Antarctica

Treatment|

* Drug development
* Drug repurposing research
* Baricitinib
* Dexamethasone
* Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
* Open-source ventilator
* PANORAMIC trial (UK)
* RECOVERY Trial (UK)
* Solidarity trial (WHO)

Monoclonal antibodies|

* Bamlanivimab/etesevimab
* Bamlanivimab
* Etesevimab
* Bebtelovimab
* Casirivimab/imdevimab
* Regdanvimab
* Sarilumab
* Sotrovimab
* Tixagevimab/cilgavimab
* Tocilizumab

Small molecule antivirals|

* Broad-spectrum
* Ensitrelvir
* Molnupiravir
* Remdesivir
* Co-packaged
* Nirmatrelvir
* ritonavir

Variants

| Specific|

* Alpha
* Beta
* Gamma
* Delta
* Epsilon
* Zeta
* Eta
* Theta
* Iota
* Kappa
* Lambda
* Mu
* Omicron
* timeline

|

General|

* Cluster 5
* Lineage B.1.617
* Lineage B.1.640.2
* Variant of concern

Institutions

| Hospitals and
medical clinics|

| Mainland China|

* Central Hospital of Wuhan
* Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre
* Fangcang hospitals
* Huoshenshan Hospital
* Leishenshan Hospital
* Xinjia Express Hotel
* Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital

|

Others|

* Hospital ships
* Garran Surge Centre (Australia)
* Hospital El Salvador
* SevenHills Hospital (India)
* Kemayoran Athletes Village (Indonesia)
* Pyongyang General Hospital (North Korea)
* Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (Malaysia)
* Mega Ligtas COVID Centers (Philippines)
* Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre (Sri Lanka)
* Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital (Turkey)
* Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital (Turkey)
* COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom
* NHS Nightingale Hospitals (England)
* Birmingham
* London
* North East
* North West
* Yorkshire and the Humber
* NHS Louisa Jordan (Scotland)
* Dragon's Heart Hospital (Wales)

Organizations|

| Global|

|

By location|

* National Cabinet (Australia)
* ScienceUpFirst (Canada)
* Wuhan Institute of Virology (China)
* Independent SAGE (United Kingdom)

Health
institutes|

* Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (African Union)
* Ghana Infectious Disease Centre (Ghana)
* Department of Health (Hong Kong)
* Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (South Korea)
* National Institute for Communicable Diseases (South Africa)
* Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan)

Pandemic
institutes|

* National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board (Australia)
* COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Canada)
* COVID-19 Supply Council (Canada)
* PREPARE (European Union)
* National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19 (India)
* COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force (Indonesia)
* National Public Health Emergency Team (Ireland)
* Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting (Japan)
* Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (Malaysia)
* Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee (Philippines)
* Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (Philippines)
* Central Epidemic Command Center (Taiwan)
* Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board (Turkey)
* COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium (United Kingdom)
* Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team (United Kingdom)
* Joint Biosecurity Centre (United Kingdom)
* Vaccine Taskforce (United Kingdom)
* COVID-19 Advisory Board (United States)
* Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups (United States)
* White House Coronavirus Task Force (United States)
* White House COVID-19 Response Team (United States)
* GACH (Uruguay)

Relief funds|

* PM CARES Fund (India)
* SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund (India)
* Artist Relief (United States)

People

| Medical
professionals|

* Ai Fen
* Corona Rintawan
* Li Wenliang
* Liu Wen
* Xie Linka
* Zhang Wenhong

|

Researchers|

* Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud
* Roberto Burioni
* Chen Wei
* Kizzmekia Corbett
* Andrea Crisanti
* Peter Daszak
* Christian Drosten
* Neil Ferguson
* Dale Fisher
* George F. Gao
* Azra Ghani
* Sarah Gilbert
* Guan Yi
* Kentaro Iwata
* Katalin Karikó
* Matt Keeling
* Trudie Lang
* Li Lanjuan
* W. Ian Lipkin
* Ma Xiaowei
* Shabir Madhi
* Allison McGeer
* Camilla Rothe
* Shi Zhengli
* Moncef Slaoui
* Mike Tildesley
* John Todd
* Wang Chen
* Wang Guangfa
* Drew Weissman
* Yuen Kwok-yung
* Zeng Guang
* Zhang Jixian
* Zhang Yongzhen
* Zhong Nanshan

Officials|

| WHO|

* Tedros Adhanom
(Director-General of the WHO)
* Bruce Aylward
(Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)
* Maria Van Kerkhove
(Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)
* Michael J. Ryan
(Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)

|

By location|

* Frank Atherton
(Wales)
* Ashley Bloomfield
(New Zealand)
* Catherine Calderwood
(Scotland)
* Chang Shan-chwen
(Taiwan)
* Anutin Charnvirakul
(Thailand)
* Chen Shih-chung
(Taiwan)
* Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching
(Taiwan)
* Victor Costache
(Romania)
* Fabrizio Curcio
(Italy)
* Carmen Deseda
(Puerto Rico)
* Jaap van Dissel
(the Netherlands)
* Christian Drosten
(Germany)
* Francisco Duque III
(Philippines)
* Anthony Fauci
(United States)
* Francesco Paolo Figliuolo
(Italy)
* Graça Freitas
(Portugal)
* Henrique Gouveia e Melo
(Portugal)
* Matt Hancock
(United Kingdom)
* Hamad Hasan
(Lebanon)
* Greg Hunt
(Australia)
* Tony Holohan
(Ireland)
* Jeong Eun-kyeong
(South Korea)
* Fahrettin Koca
(Turkey)
* Li Keqiang
(China)
* Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez
(Mexico)
* Michael McBride
(Northern Ireland)
* Oriol Mitjà
(Andorra)
* Zweli Mkhize
(South Africa)
* Doni Monardo
(Indonesia)
* Alma Möller
(Iceland)
* Saeed Namaki
(Iran)
* Ala Nemerenco
(Moldova)
* Nguyễn Thanh Long
(Vietnam)
* Noor Hisham Abdullah
(Malaysia)
* Ali Pilli
(Northern Cyprus)
* Daniel Salinas
(Uruguay)
* Jérôme Salomon
(France)
* Fernando Simón
(Spain)
* Gregor Smith
(Scotland)
* Su Ih-jen
(Taiwan)
* Łukasz Szumowski
(Poland)
* Theresa Tam
(Canada)
* Anders Tegnell
(Sweden)
* Þórólfur Guðnason
(Iceland)
* Sotiris Tsiodras
(Greece)
* Harsh Vardhan
(India)
* Víðir Reynisson
(Iceland)
* Carla Vizzotti
(Argentina)
* Vlad Voiculescu
(Romania)
* Chris Whitty
(United Kingdom)
* Lawrence Wong
(Singapore)
* Jeff Zients
(United States)

Others|

* Chen Qiushi
* Brett Crozier
* Fang Bin
* Fang Fang
* Joseph Ashitey Hammond
* Li Zehua
* Captain Tom Moore
* Qiu Menghuang
* Ren Zhiqiang

Deaths|

* List

Data (templates)

| Global|

* Cases, deaths, recoveries by country
* Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country
* Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision
* WHO situation reports
* cases
* January 2020
* February 2020
* March 2020
* April 2020
* May 2020
* June 2020
* July 2020
* August 2020
* September 2020
* October 2020
* November 2020
* December 2020
* January 2021
* February 2021
* March 2021
* April 2021
* May 2021
* June 2021
* July 2021
* August 2021
* deaths
* World map by countries: confirmed per capita
* China
* Hospital beds by country
* Lockdowns

|

Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Comoros
* Egypt
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Ghana
* cases chart
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Libya
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara)
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Nigera
* cases chart
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* South Africa
* cases chart
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
* cases chart

Americas|

* Argentina
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* by province
* vaccinations by province
* Chile
* by commune
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* cases chart
* Cuba
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Mexico
* cases chart
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* United States
* by state
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Artsakh
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* by division
* Bhutan
* cases chart
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* cases chart
* summary
* China
* cases chart
* confirmed per capita
* lockdowns
* by province
* Hong Kong
* Macau
* Cyprus
* East Timor
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* cases chart
* Iran
* cases chart
* Iraq
* Israel
* cases chart
* Japan
* cases chart
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Kuwait
* cases chart
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* cases chart
* charts
* Myanmar
* cases chart
* summary
* Nepal
* cases chart
* Oman
* cases chart
* Pakistan
* cases chart
* Philippines
* cases chart
* areas of quarantine
* vaccinations chart
* Qatar
* Russia
* cases chart
* by federal subject
* North Asia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* cases chart
* vaccinations charts
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Taiwan
* vaccination charts
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* cases chart
* Turkey
* cases chart
* United Arab Emirates
* cases chart
* Uzbekistan
* cases chart
* Vietnam
* statistics charts
* Yemen

Europe|

* Albania
* Austria
* cases chart
* Belarus
* Belgium
* cases chart
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* cases chart
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* cases chart
* Faroe Islands
* Estonia
* cases chart
* Finland
* France
* cases chart
* Germany
* cases chart
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* cases chart
* Ireland
* cases chart
* Italy
* cases chart
* statistics charts
* vaccinations chart
* Kosovo
* Latvia
* cases chart
* Lithuania
* cases chart
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* cases chart
* Poland
* cases chart
* by voivodeship
* Portugal
* cases chart
* Romania
* cases chart
* Russia
* cases chart
* by federal subject
* North Asia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* cases chart
* by region
* Slovenia
* cases chart
* Spain
* cases chart
* Sweden
* cases chart
* Switzerland
* cases chart
* Turkey
* cases chart
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* Scotland
* 2020
* 2021
* Gibraltar
* vaccinations chart
* daily
* by nation
* Vatican City

Oceania|

* Australia
* by state/territory
* Fiji
* French Polynesia
* New Caledonia
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea
* Solomon Islands

Others|

* Cruise ships
* Diamond Princess

* v
* t
* e

Russian invasion of Ukraine

Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War

Overview

| General|

* Outline
* Timeline
* Prelude
* (February – April 2022)
* (April – August 2022)
* (August – November 2022)
* (November 2022 – June 2023)
* (June – August 2023)
* (September – November 2023)
* (December 2023 – present)
* Aerial warfare
* Defense lines
* Foreign fighters
* Information war
* Naval warfare
* Legality
* Map
* Order of battle
* Peace negotiations
* Proposed no-fly zone
* Red lines
* Reparations
* Territorial control
* Women

|

Prelude|

* Reactions
* Disinformation
* Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory
* Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction
* 2021 Russia–United States summit
* 2021 Black Sea incident
* Belarus–European Union border crisis
* "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians"
* Crimea Platform
* Zapad 2021
* December 2021 ultimatum
* 2022 Ukraine cyberattacks
* Zametil 2022
* Union Resolve 2022
* Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing
* British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact
* Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* "Address concerning the events in Ukraine"
* "On conducting a special military operation"

Background|

* Dissolution of the Soviet Union
* 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
* historical background
* Annexation of Crimea
* reactions
* War in Donbas
* 2022 timeline
* Minsk agreements
* humanitarian situation
* international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* Putinism
* Foundations of Geopolitics
* Novorossiya
* Ruscism
* Russian irredentism
* Russian imperialism

Foreign
relations|

* Russia–Ukraine
* Belarus–Ukraine
* Belarus–Russia
* Russia–United States
* Ukraine–United States
* Russia–NATO
* Ukraine–NATO
* enlargement of NATO
* eastward expansion controversy in Russia
* open door policy

Military engagements

| Southern
Ukraine|

* Snake Island campaign
* Siege of Mariupol
* Battle of Kherson
* Battle of Melitopol
* Battle of Mykolaiv
* Battle of Enerhodar
* Battles of Voznesensk
* Battle of Huliaipole
* Battle of Orikhiv
* Battle of Davydiv Brid
* Kherson counteroffensive
* Liberation of Kherson
* Dnieper campaign
* Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam

|

Eastern
Ukraine|

* Battle of Avdiivka
* Battle of Marinka
* Battle of Volnovakha
* Battle of Kharkiv
* Battle of Izium
* Battle of Rubizhne
* Battle of Popasna
* Sloviansk offensive
* Battle of Donbas
* Battle of Kreminna
* Battle of the Siverskyi Donets
* Battle of Sievierodonetsk
* Battle of Toshkivka
* First battle of Lyman
* Battle of Sviatohirsk
* Battle of Lysychansk
* Battle of Siversk
* Battle of Pisky
* Battle of Bakhmut
* Battle of Soledar
* Battle of Vuhledar
* Kharkiv counteroffensive
* Battle of Balakliia
* Battle of Kupiansk
* Second battle of Lyman
* Luhansk Oblast campaign

Northern
Ukraine|

* Battle of Antonov Airport
* Capture of Chernobyl
* Battle of Hlukhiv
* Battle of Ivankiv
* Battle of Kyiv
* Battle of Hostomel
* Battle of Vasylkiv
* Battle of Bucha
* Battle of Irpin
* Battle of Makariv
* Russian Kyiv convoy
* Battle of Moshchun
* Battle of Brovary
* Battle of Slavutych
* Battle of Konotop
* Battle of Sumy
* Battle of Trostianets
* Siege of Chernihiv
* Battle of Okhtyrka
* Battle of Lebedyn
* Northeastern border skirmishes

Airstrikes
by city|

* Bombing of Dnipro
* Bombing of Ivano-Frankivsk
* Bombing of Kharkiv
* Bombing of Kherson
* Bombing of Khmelnytskyi
* Bombing of Kryvyi Rih
* Bombing of Kyiv
* Bombing of Lviv
* Bombing of Mykolaiv
* Bombing of Odesa
* Bombing of Rivne
* Vinnytsia missile strikes
* Bombing of Zaporizhzhia
* Zhytomyr attacks

Airstrikes on
military targets|

* Chuhuiv air base attack
* Millerovo air base attack
* Chornobaivka attacks
* Yavoriv military base attack
* Berdiansk port attack
* Sinking of the Moskva
* Desna barracks airstrike
* Attack on Nova Kakhovka
* Crimea attacks
* Novofedorivka explosions
* Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base
* Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters
* Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks
* Makiivka military quarters shelling
* Machulishchy air base attack
* Zarichne barracks airstrike

Resistance|

| Russian-occupied Ukraine|

* Popular Resistance of Ukraine
* Berdiansk Partisan Army
* Yellow Ribbon
* Atesh

|

Belarus and Russia|

* Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky
* Civic Council
* Irpin Declaration
* Killing of Darya Dugina
* National Republican Army
* Military commissariats arsons
* Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting
* Black Bridge
* Rail war in Russia
* Stop the Wagons
* Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists
* Rail war in Belarus
* Busly liaciać
* BYPOL
* Community of Railway Workers
* Cyber Partisans

Russian
occupations|

* Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine

| Ongoing|

* Annexation referendums
* Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts
* Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine
* Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine
* Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol
* Donetsk Oblast
* Kharkiv Oblast
* Kherson Oblast
* Luhansk Oblast
* Mykolaiv Oblast
* Zaporizhzhia Oblast

|

Previous|

* Chernihiv Oblast
* Dnipropetrovsk and Poltava oblasts
* Kyiv Oblast
* Odesa Oblast
* Sumy Oblast
* Zhytomyr Oblast

Potentially
related|

* Black Sea drone incident
* Mystery fires in Russia
* Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
* Transnistria attacks
* Zagreb Tu-141 crash

Other|

* 2022 Crimean Bridge explosion
* 2023 Crimean Bridge explosion
* Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy
* Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine
* Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War
* Missile explosion in Poland
* Operation Synytsia
* Attacks in Russia
* Bryansk Oblast raid
* Kremlin drone attack
* Belgorod Oblast incursions
* 30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling
* Moscow drone strikes
* 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive
* Ukrainian officials dismissed during the counteroffensive
* Wagner Group rebellion

War crimes

| General|

* Accusations of genocide in Donbas
* Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians
* child abductions
* Attacks on hospitals
* Cluster munitions
* Incendiary weapons
* Landmines
* Russian filtration camps
* Russian mobile crematoriums
* Russian theft of Ukrainian grain
* Russian torture chambers
* Looting
* Sexual violence
* Mistreatment of prisoners of war

|

Attacks on
civilians|

* February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Kharkiv government building airstrike
* 3 March Chernihiv bombing
* Irpin refugee column shelling
* Mariupol hospital airstrike
* Stara Krasnianka care house attack
* Mykolaiv cluster bombing
* March 2022 Donetsk attack
* 2022 Borodianka airstrikes
* Chernihiv breadline attack
* Mariupol theatre airstrike
* Mariupol art school bombing
* Kyiv shopping centre bombing
* Sumykhimprom ammonia leak
* March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Mykolaiv government building missile strike
* Bucha massacre
* Kramatorsk railway station attack
* April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Bilohorivka school bombing
* Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz
* Maisky Market attack
* Kremenchuk shopping mall attack
* Serhiivka missile strike
* Chasiv Yar missile strike
* Olenivka prison massacre
* Kharkiv dormitories missile strike
* Chaplyne railway station attack
* Izium mass graves
* September 2022 Donetsk attack
* Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack
* Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling
* Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike
* Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure
* 2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike
* Ukraine Yellow Kitchen Photo
* Sloviansk airstrike
* Uman missile strike
* Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike
* Lyman cluster bombing
* 2023 Pokrovsk missile strike
* Chernihiv missile strike
* Kostiantynivka missile strike
* Hroza missile attack
* Volnovakha massacre
* 29 December 2023 Russian strikes on Ukraine
* 2 January 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine
* 2024 Pokrovsk missile strike
* 2024 Donetsk attack
* Lysychansk missile strike

Crimes over
soldiers|

* Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan
* Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia
* Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites
* Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin
* Makiivka surrender incident
* Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi
* Beheading of a Ukrainian prisoner of war in summer 2022

Legal cases|

* ICC investigation
* Arrest warrants
* ICJ court case
* Task Force on Accountability
* Universal jurisdiction
* Crime of aggression
* Criminal proceedings
* Vadim Shishimarin
* Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov
* Anton Cherednik

Reactions

| States and
official entities|

| General|

* Sanctions
* people and organizations
* restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast
* Military aid
* European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine
* People's Bayraktar
* Signmyrocket.com
* Humanitarian aid
* Sanctioned yachts
* Relations with Russia

|

Ukraine|

* Application to NATO
* Be Brave Like Ukraine
* Brave1
* Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War
* Decolonization and derussification law
* Delta
* Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition
* For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)
* Grain From Ukraine
* Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief
* Hero City
* I Want to Live
* International Defence Industries Forum
* International Legion and other foreign units
* Belarusian Volunteer Corps
* Terror Battalion
* Black Maple Company
* Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade
* Freedom of Russia Legion
* Karelian National Battalion
* Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment
* Norman Brigade
* Pahonia Regiment
* Polish Volunteer Corps
* Russian Volunteer Corps
* Separate Special Purpose Battalion
* Sibir Battalion
* Turan Battalion
* International Sponsors of War
* Forced confiscation law of Russian property [ru; uk]
* Look for Your Own
* Martial law
* Mobilization
* Media Center Ukraine
* National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War [uk]
* National Multi-Subject Test [uk]
* North Korea–Ukraine relations
* Points of Invincibility
* Recognition of Ichkeria
* Rescuer City [uk]
* Save Ukrainian Culture [uk]
* Syria–Ukraine relations
* Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra
* United24
* United News

Russia|

* 2022 Moscow rally
* 2023 Moscow rally
* 2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly
* Blockade of Ukraine [ru]
* Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion
* Censorship in Russia [ru]
* Chechnya
* Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters
* Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation" [ru]
* Conversations about Important Things
* Krasovsky case
* Legalization of parallel imports [ru]
* Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council
* Martial law
* Masha Moskalyova case
* Metropolis of Crimea
* Mikhail Simonov case
* Mobilization
* Recruitment of irregular forces [ru]
* Operation Doppelgänger [fr; ru]
* Opinion polling [ru]
* Orthodox Christmas truce proposal
* Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict
* Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war
* Salvation Committee for Peace and Order
* Special Coordinating Council
* Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory
* Unfriendly countries list
* "What Russia Should Do with Ukraine"
* War censorship laws
* We Are Together. Sports

United States|

* 2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw
* 2022 State of the Union Address
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023
* Disinformation Governance Board
* Executive Order 14071
* Pentagon document leaks
* Task Force KleptoCapture
* Ukraine Defense Contact Group
* Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act
* Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative

Other countries|

* Belarus
* Canada
* Canada‑Ukraine authorization for emergency travel
* China
* China's peace plan
* Croatia
* Denmark
* Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations [ru]
* France
* Mission Aigle
* Georgia [ru]
* Germany
* Zeitenwende speech
* Hungary [hu]
* India
* Operation Ganga
* Iran
* Israel
* Operation Israel Guarantees
* Lithuania
* Moldova
* New Zealand
* Russia Sanctions Act
* Syria [ru]
* Taiwan [zh-yue]
* United Kingdom
* Economic Crime Act
* Homes for Ukraine
* Operation Interflex

United Nations|

* Emergency special session
* Resolution ES-11/1
* Resolution ES-11/2
* Resolution ES-11/3
* Resolution ES-11/4
* Resolution ES-11/5
* Resolution ES-11/6
* Security Council Resolution 2623
* Easter truce

International
organizations|

* Accession of Moldova to the EU
* Accession of Ukraine to the EU
* Brussels summit
* European Political Community
* 1st summit
* 2nd summit
* 3rd summit
* Madrid summit
* NATO virtual summit
* Operation Oscar
* Ramstein Air Base meeting
* EU–Ukraine Summit
* REPowerEU
* Steadfast Defender 2024
* SWIFT ban against Russian banks
* Ukraine Recovery Conference
* Versailles declaration
* 2023 Vilnius summit
* 15th BRICS summit

Other|

* Consecration of Russia
* F-16 training coalition
* Finland–NATO relations
* Finland–Russia border barrier
* Iron diplomacy
* Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia
* Recognition of Russia as a terrorist state
* Removal of monuments and memorials
* Streets renamed
* Ukraine Square, Oslo
* Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion
* Sweden–NATO relations
* Swedish anti-terrorism bill

Public|

| Protests|

* In Ukraine
* in Russian-occupied Ukraine
* demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin
* ArmWomenNow
* Ukrainian Artistic Front
* In Russia
* Angry patriots
* Club of Angry Patriots
* Anti-War Committee
* Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople
* Congress of People's Deputies
* Council of Mothers and Wives
* Feminist Anti-War Resistance
* Flower protests
* Marina Ovsyannikova
* Russian Action Committee
* North Caucasian protests
* 2022 Russian Far East protests
* State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason
* White-blue-white flag
* In Belarus
* In China
* Great Translation Movement
* In Czech Republic
* Czech Republic First!

|

Companies|

* Address of the Russian Union of Rectors
* Boycott of Russia and Belarus
* "Do not buy Russian goods!"
* E.N.O.T. Corp.
* Igor Mangushev
* McDonald's in Russia
* Vkusno i tochka
* NashStore [ru]
* People's Satellite
* Starlink satellites
* Stop Bloody Energy
* Wagner Group
* Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev
* Death of Nemes Tarimo
* Yale CELI List of Companies

Technology|

* Anonymous and the invasion
* alerts.in.ua
* DDoS attacks on Romania
* DeepStateMap.Live
* IT Army of Ukraine
* Killnet
* Liveuamap
* Open-source intelligence
* peacenotwar
* Russian Asset Tracker
* Squad303 [pl]
* Ukraine Siren Alerts
* Wikipedia
* threat to block in Russia
* detention of Mark Bernstein

Spies|

* Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
* Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War

Other|

* Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families
* Black Sea Grain Initiative
* Collaboration with Russia
* We Are Together with Russia
* Concert for Ukraine
* Free Buryatia Foundation
* Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum
* Game4Ukraine
* Global Tour for Peace
* Guide to the Free World
* Mozart Group
* Olena Zelenska Foundation
* Open letter from Nobel laureates
* Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion
* Rubikus.HelpUA
* Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation
* Russia's War Crimes House
* Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online
* Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation
* Spain letter bomb attacks
* Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions
* Pavel Filatyev
* True Russia
* Volos Declaration
* Wimbledon ban

Impact

| Effects|

* Aircraft losses
* Casualties
* journalists killed
* Russian generals killed
* Economic impact
* Inflation surge
* Moldovan energy crisis
* protests
* Russia–EU gas dispute
* 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
* Russian debt default
* 2022 Russian oil price cap
* 2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap
* EU natural gas price cap
* Education
* End of the Whisky War
* Environmental impact
* Eurovision Song Contest 2022
* Russia
* Ukraine
* Eurovision Song Contest 2023
* Food crises
* Impact on theatre [uk]
* List of notable deaths
* Nuclear power plants
* Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis
* Nuclear risk
* Religion
* Russian emigration
* The Ark [ru]
* Ship losses
* Ukrainian cultural heritage
* art theft and looting
* damaged cultural sites
* Trauma
* Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion
* Women

|

Human rights|

* Humanitarian impact
* Ukrainian refugee crisis
* Sobieskiego 100
* UN Commission of Inquiry
* UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission

Terms and phrases|

* "And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from"
* "Anglo-Saxons"
* "Bavovna"
* "Grandpa in his bunker"
* "Good evening, we are from Ukraine"
* "Orc"
* "Putin khuylo!"
* "Khuy Voyne!"
* "Russia is here forever [ru; uk]"
* "Russian warship, go fuck yourself"
* "Slava Ukraini!"
* "Special military operation"
* "To bomb Voronezh"
* "Strength is in truth"
* "Westsplaining"
* "Where have you been for eight years?"
* "Without you"

Popular culture|

| Songs|

* 12
* Bakhmut Fortress [uk]
* Bayraktar
* City of Mary
* Flowers of Minefields [uk]
* Generation Cancellation
* Generation Z
* Oyda
* Hey, Hey, Rise Up!
* Mama ŠČ!
* Oi u luzi chervona kalyna
* Slava Ukraini!
* Stefania
* Ukraine

|

Films|

* 20 Days in Mariupol
* A Rising Fury
* Follow Me
* Turn in the Wound
* Ukraine on Fire 2 [uk]

Other|

* Babylon'13
* Back to the Cold War
* Borodianka cat [uk]
* Ghost of Kyiv
* Kherson watermelon
* Královec Region
* Madonna of Kyiv
* North Atlantic Fella Organization
* Newspeak in Russia [ru; uk]
* Patron
* "Putler"
* "Putinversteher"
* Raccoon of Kherson
* Saint Javelin
* Saint Mariuburg [ru; uk]
* Vasylkiv maiolica rooster
* Vladimir Putin's meeting table
* Walk of the Brave
* "Z" military symbol

Key people

| Ukrainians|

* Volodymyr Zelenskyy
* speeches during the invasion
* visit to the United States
* visit to the United Kingdom
* visits to Europe
* Andriy Biletsky
* Denys Shmyhal
* Denys Kireyev
* Denys Monastyrsky
* Denys Prokopenko
* Iryna Venediktova
* Kyrylo Budanov
* Mykola Oleschuk
* Oleksandr Pavlyuk
* Oleksandr Syrskyi
* Oleksii Reznikov
* Oleksiy Danilov
* Oleksiy Neizhpapa
* Ruslan Khomchak
* Sergiy Kyslytsya
* Serhiy Shaptala
* Serhii Sternenko
* Valerii Zaluzhnyi
* Vitali Klitschko
* Yevhen Moisiuk

|

Russians|

* Vladimir Putin
* Aleksandr Dvornikov
* Aleksandr Lapin
* Aleksey Nagin
* Alexander Bortnikov
* Andrei Kolesnikov
* Andrei Sychevoi
* Andrey Belousov
* Andrey Vorobyov
* Dmitry Medvedev
* Gennady Zhidko
* Igor Kastyukevich
* Ivan Popov
* Mikhail Mishustin
* Maria Lvova-Belova
* Nikolai Patrushev
* Oleg Salyukov
* Oleg Tsokov
* Ramzan Kadyrov
* Roman Berdnikov
* Rustam Muradov
* Sergei Shoigu
* Sergey Surovikin
* Sergey Lavrov
* Sergey Naryshkin
* Timur Ivanov
* Valery Gerasimov
* Viktor Sokolov
* Viktor Zolotov
* Vitaly Gerasimov
* Vyacheslav Gladkov
* Vyacheslav Volodin
* Yevgeny Prigozhin

Other|

* Alexander Lukashenko
* Denis Pushilin
* Leonid Pasechnik

Related

* 2023 North Korea–Russia summit
* 2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash
* Anti-Russian sentiment
* Anti-Ukrainian sentiment
* Antonov An-225 Mriya
* Azovstal Iron and Steel Works
* Belgorod accidental bombing
* Brovary helicopter crash
* Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes
* Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death
* Decolonization in Ukraine
* Decommunization in Ukraine
* Derussification in Ukraine
* Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine
* Foreign leaders that have visited during the invasion
* Institute for the Study of War
* Irkutsk military aircraft crash
* Kyivstar cyberattack [ru; uk]
* Lady R incident
* Nord Stream 2
* Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria
* Punisher
* Russian nuclear weapons
* Sarmat
* Russian military presence in Transnistria
* Ryazan military aircraft crash
* Siberian wildfires
* Sinhury mid-air collision [uk; zh]
* Soloti military training ground shooting
* Soviet imagery
* U-24 association
* Ural Airlines Flight 1383
* Voronezh military aircraft crash
* "The Vladimir Putin Interview"
* Yeysk military aircraft crash
* Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations
* 2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine
* 2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia
* 2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine
* Wagner Group plane crash
* Yaroslav Hunka scandal

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