2021 Nobel Peace Prize

Award

Award

2021 Nobel Peace Prize

Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov

Ressa (left) and Muratov (right) "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace."

Date|

* 8 October 2021 (2021-10-08) (announcement by Berit Reiss-Andersen)
* 10 December 2021
(ceremony)

Location| Oslo, Norway
Presented by| Norwegian Nobel Committee
Reward(s)| 10.0 million SEK
First award| 1901
Website| Official website
| <- 2020 · | Nobel Peace Prize | · 2022 ->

|
|

The 2021 Nobel Peace Prize was announced by the Norwegian Nobel Committee in Oslo on 8 October 2021. Maria Ressa (b. 1963) and Dmitry Muratov (b. 1961) received the prize "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace."[1]

The formal award ceremony was held in Oslo on 10 December 2021, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. In 2020, the ceremony returned to its former venue, the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law, after being held in Oslo City Hall during the period 1990–2019.[2] In 2021, the ceremony returned to Oslo City Hall.[3]

There were 329 candidates for the prize when nominations closed on 31 January 2021.[4] The Norwegian News Agency reported earlier in 2021 that Maria Ressa had been nominated by Jonas Gahr Støre, the designated Prime Minister following the 2021 election,[5] and many sources in Russia claim that Dmitry Muratov was nominated by Mikhail Gorbachev.[citation needed]

## Nomination process

[edit]

Different groups of qualified nominators may nominate candidates, including members of national assemblies and national governments, heads of state, judges of certain international courts, (full) professor-level academics in relevant fields, and former laureates; a significant proportion of the nominations are submitted by Norwegian MPs and academics. Nominations are submitted to the Oslo-based Norwegian Nobel Committee, usually in a Scandinavian language (Norwegian, Swedish, Danish) or English. Nominations for the 2021 prize opened on 1 September 2020 and closed on 31 January 2021 (Norwegian time).[4]

## Candidates

[edit]

There are 329 candidates in 2021, 234 individuals and 95 organizations.[6] The Nobel Foundation is not allowed to publish nominations for at least 50 years.[7] Individual nominators can, and sometimes do, choose to publish their nomination, and Norwegian media often report nominations by qualified nominators such as members of parliament and qualified academics.

The Norwegian News Agency reported on 31 January 2021 that the 2021 nominees confirmed by qualified Norwegian nominators (MPs or academics) before the deadline included the following candidates:

Nominations confirmed by the various News Agencies  Nominee | Country | Motivations | Nominator(s) | Source

|
|
|
|

Individuals
Stacey Abrams (b. 1973)  |  United States | "for her work to promote nonviolent change on voting rights"  | Lars Haltbrekken (b. 1971)  | [8][9]
Julian Assange (b. 1971)  |  Australia | "for their countless examples of courage exposing governments' illegal actions that caused millions of deaths – putting their own freedom and lives on the line"  |  Mairead Maguire (b. 1944)  | [10][11]
Chelsea Manning (b. 1987)  |  United States
Edward Snowden (b. 1983)  |  United States
Avi Berkowitz (b. 1988)  |  United States | for their role in negotiating four normalisation deals between Israel and Arab nations known as the 'Abraham Accords'."  |

* Lee Zeldin (b. 1980)
* Alan Dershowitz (b. 1938)

| [12][13]
Jared Kushner (b. 1981)  |  United States
Zineb El Rhazoui (b. 1982)  |  France | "for her fight for freedom of expression and human rights in the face of Islamism"  |  | [14]
Jane Goodall (b. 1934)  |  United Kingdom | "[with IPBES] for their efforts in the preservation and protection of the environment and wildlife, a contributing factor for world and ecological peace"  | Dag Øistein Endsjø (b. 1968)  | [4][5]
Aminatou Haidar (b. 1966)  |  Western Sahara | "for her peaceful campaign for an independent Western Sahara"  |  | [15][16]
Martin Lee (b. 1938)  |  Hong Kong | "for championing greater freedoms and peaceful democracy in Hong Kong"  |

* Mathilde Tybring-Gjedde (b. 1992)
* Peter Christian Frølich (b. 1987)

| [4][5]
Alexei Navalny (1976–2024)  |  Russia | "for his efforts for a peaceful democratization of Russia"  | Ola Elvestuen (b. 1967)  | [4][5]
Pedro Opeka, C.M. (b. 1948)  |  Argentina
Madagascar | "for his work among the poor in Madagascar for more than three decades"  | Janez Janša (b. 1958)  | [17][18]
Malcolm Ranjith (b. 1947)  |  Sri Lanka | "for the role he played in ensuring peace in the wake of the horrendous date that befell on the Catholic community in Sri Lanka by the Easter Sunday terror attacks"  | Amara Ranaweeara (?)  | [19]
Maria Ressa (b. 1963)  |  Philippines
United States | "for her brave commitments to free expression, human dignity and democratic government in reporting on the authoritarian Duterte administration"  | Jonas Gahr Støre (b. 1960)  | [4][5]
Greta Thunberg (b. 2003)  |  Sweden | "for her pioneering campaign in the fight against climate crises"  |  | [16]
Donald Trump (b. 1946)  |  United States | "for his role in the normalizing of relations between Israel and the United Arab Emirates"  |

* Christian Tybring-Gjedde (b. 1963)
* Joe Wilson (b. 1947)

| [20][16]
Veronika Tsepkalo (b. 1972)  |  Belarus | "for their struggle for fair elections and for inspiring peaceful opposition against the illegitimate regime in Belarus"  |

* Hårek Elvenes (b. 1959)
* Jette F. Christensen (b. 1983)
* Geir Toskedal (b. 1954)

| [4][5][21]
Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya (b. 1982)
Maria Kolesnikova (b. 1982)
Marilyn Waring (b. 1952)  |  New Zealand | "for her pioneering work on women, the environment and economics, and peace activism, contributing to the advancement of human and planetary justice and wellbeing"  | Margunn Bjørnholt (b. 1958)  | [4][5]
Organizations
Black Lives Matter
(founded in 2013)  |  United States | "for their struggle against racism and racially motivated violence"  | Petter Eide (b. 1959)  | [4][5]
Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT)
(founded in 1974)  |  United Kingdom | "for their work during and after the two world wars to feed starving children and help Europe rebuild itself"  | American Friends Service Committee | [22]
Mwatana for Human Rights
(founded in 2007)  |  Yemen
Campaign to Stop Killer Robots
(founded in 2013)  |  Switzerland | "for its tireless campaign against the use of lethal autonomous weapons"  | Audun Lysbakken (b. 1977)  | [4][5]
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)
(founded in 2017)  |  Switzerland | "for their work related to the COVID-19 vaccines"  | Carl-Erik Grimstad (b. 1952)  | [4][5]
Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance
(founded in 2000)  |  Switzerland
Committee to Protect Journalists
(founded in 1981)  |  United States | "for promoting media freedom and protecting journalists around the world"  | Sveinung Stensland (b. 1972)  | [4][5]
Reporters Without Borders
(founded in 1985)  |  France
Henry Reeve Brigade
(founded in 2005)  |  Cuba | "for their altruistic work carried out in 2020 to save more than 10,000 patients who contracted the COVID-19 virus in 38 foreign countries and to serve another 355,000 people affected by the pandemic"  |

* Krasae Chanawongse (b. 1934)
* John O'Dowd (b. 1967)[a]

| [23][24]
Hong Kong Free Press
(founded in 2015)  |  Hong Kong | "for its efforts to report on the China's trampling of democracy and silencing the stories of pro-democracy activists in Hong Kong"  |

* Ola Elvestuen (b. 1967)
* Terje Breivik (b. 1965)
* Jon Gunnes (b. 1956)

| [4][5]
Hong Kong Pro-Democracy Movement |  Hong Kong | "in honor of their bravery and determination of peacefully expressing their political views that have inspired the world"  |

* Jim McGovern (b. 1959)
* Marco Rubio (b. 1971)

| [25][16][26]
Hungarian Helsinki Committee
(founded in 1989)  |  Hungary | "for their efforts to protect human dignity and the rule of law through legal intervention and public advocacy"  | Jette F. Christensen (b. 1983)  | [16]
IUSTITIA - Polish Judges Association
(founded in 1990)  |  Poland
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)
(founded in 2012)  |  United Nations | "[with Goodall] for their efforts in the preservation and protection of the environment and wildlife, a contributing factor for world and ecological peace"  | Dag Øistein Endsjø (b. 1968)  | [4][5]
International Fact-Checking Network
(founded in 2015)  |  United States | "for working to promote higher standards in fact-checking and to advocate for reliable information"  |

* Trine Skei Grande (b. 1969)
* Tore Storehaug (b. 1992)

| [4][5]
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
(founded in 1949)  |  Belgium | "for its actions to prevent further tensions from flaring between the West and Russia over Ukraine"  | Erlend Wiborg (b. 1984)  | [4][5]
Scout movement
(established in 1908)  |  United Kingdom | "in recognition for the outstanding contributions of Scouting and Guiding that have empowered hundreds of millions of young people to create a lasting culture of peace in their communities for more than a century  | Solveig Schytz (b. 1976)  | [4][5]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ With John Kirk (?) of Canada, Antonio Paris (?) of the Philippines, the Government of South Africa, Government of Namibia, the Government of St Vincent and the Grenadines, 51 parliamentarians, and others

## Laureates

[edit]

On 8 October 2021, the Norwegian Nobel Committee announced its decision to award the prize to journalists Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace."[1] As a result, the Nobel Prize Committee was criticized for rewarding Muratov and not jailed Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny, as an attempt by the Committee "to keep the maximum distance from the current political process" in Russia.[27] Muratov has said that he would have given the prize to Alexei Navalny if it were his choice.[28]

During his acceptance speech, at a time when Russia began a major military build-up near the Russia–Ukraine border, Muratov warned that "In [the] heads of some crazy geopoliticians, a war between Russia and Ukraine is not something impossible any longer."[29] In April 2022, the U.S. government assessed that Russian intelligence was behind an attack on Dmitry Muratov for criticizing the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[30]

On 22 March 2022, Muratov decided to sell his Nobel Peace Prize medal to an auction, donating the proceeds to UNICEF for the benefit of refugees from Ukraine.[31] The medal sold for $103.5 million, the highest price ever recorded for a Nobel medal.[32]

## Prize committee

[edit]

The members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee are elected by the Norwegian Parliament and are responsible for selecting the laureate in accordance with the will of Alfred Nobel; the committee's members in 2021 are:[33][34]

* Berit Reiss-Andersen (chair, born 1954), advocate (barrister) and former President of the Norwegian Bar Association, former state secretary for the Minister of Justice and the Police (representing the Labour Party). Member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee since 2012, reappointed for the period 2018–2023.
* Asle Toje (vice chair, born 1974), foreign policy scholar. Appointed for the period 2018–2023.
* Anne Enger (born 1949), former Leader of the Centre Party and Minister of Culture. Member since 2018, reappointed for the period 2021–2026.
* Kristin Clemet (born 1957), former Minister of Government Administration and Labour and Minister of Education and Research. Appointed for the period 2021–2026.
* Jørgen Watne Frydnes (born 1984), former board member of Médecins Sans Frontières Norway, board member of the Norwegian Helsinki Committee.[35] Appointed for the period 2021–2026.

## Prize ceremony

[edit]

Oslo City Hall, the venue for the 2021 award ceremony

The award ceremony was held in Oslo on 10 December 2021, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. In 2020 the ceremony returned to its former venue, the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law, after being held in Oslo City Hall during the period 1990–2019.[2] In 2021 the ceremony was once again held in Oslo City Hall.[36]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "The Nobel Peace Prize 2021". NobelPrize.org. 8 October 2021. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021.
2. ^ a b "Dropper utdeling av fredsprisen i Oslo rådhus". Klar Tale. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
3. ^ "Prisutdelingen - Nobel Peace Prize". www.nobelpeaceprize.org (in Norwegian). 9 September 2021. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Flere fredsprisforslag før fristen gikk ut". Aftenposten. Norwegian News Agency. 31 January 2021.
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Hektisk nomineringsaktivitet før fredsprisfrist". Dagsavisen. 31 January 2021.
6. ^ "Nomination". The Nobel Peace Prize. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
7. ^ "Confidentiality". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
8. ^ Terje Solsvik and Gwladys Fouche (1 February 2021). "U.S. voting rights activist Stacey Abrams nominated for Nobel Peace Prize". Reuters.
9. ^ Chelsey Sanchez (2 February 2021). "Stacey Abrams Has Been Nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize". Harpers Bazaar.
10. ^ "Nomination of Julian Assange, Chelsea Manning and Edward Snowden for the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize". cpnn-world.org. 15 January 2022.
11. ^ "Assange, Manning and Snowden nominated for Nobel Prize". Report News Agency. 5 January 2021.
12. ^ "Jared Kushner nominated for Nobel peace prize". The Guardian. 1 February 2021.
13. ^ "Jared Kushner, Avi Berkowitz nominated for Nobel Peace Prize for Abraham Accords". Times of Israel. 15 February 2021.
14. ^ "Zineb El Rhazoui nominated for the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize". tekdeeps.com. 31 January 2021. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023.
15. ^ "Aminatou Haidar nominated for Nobel Peace Prize". APS Online. 31 January 2021.
16. ^ a b c d e Gwladys Fouche and Nora Buli (31 January 2021). "Navalny, WHO and Thunberg among nominees for Nobel Peace Prize". Reuters.
17. ^ Lisa Zengarini (11 February 2021). "Father Opeka of "Akamasoa" nominated for Nobel Peace Prize". Vatican News.
18. ^ "Prime Minister Janez Janša nominates Pedro Opeka for the Nobel Peace Prize". gov.si. 31 January 2021.
19. ^ "Malcolm Cardinal Ranjith nominated for Nobel Peace Prize". Daily News. 14 February 2021.
20. ^ Belam, Martin (9 September 2020). "Norwegian far-right MP nominates Donald Trump for Nobel peace prize". The Guardian.
21. ^ "Tikhanovskaya, Kolesnikova and Tsepkalo nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize 2021". belaruswomen.org. 1 February 2021.
22. ^ "Quaker orgs announce Nobel Prize nominations". afsc.org. 19 February 2022.
23. ^ "The Henry Reeve Brigade nominated from Canada for the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize". misiones.cubainrex.cu. 17 November 2020.
24. ^ "30,000 back US campaign seeking Nobel for Cuban doctors". aa.com.tr. 27 June 2020.
25. ^ Agence France-Presse (4 February 2021). "Hong Kong pro-democracy movement nominated for Nobel peace prize by US lawmakers". The Guardian.
26. ^ "U.S. lawmakers nominate Hong Kong democracy movement for Nobel Prize". Reuters. 4 February 2021.
27. ^ Hopkins, Valerie (8 October 2021). "Nobel announcement draws mixed reactions from Russia, with frustration from Navalny supporters". The New York times.
28. ^ Troianovski, Anton (8 October 2021). "Navalny Deserved Peace Prize, Russian Nobel Winner Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
29. ^ "US believes Russia behind attack on Nobel laureate Dmitry Muratov". Al Jazeera. 29 April 2022.
30. ^ "U.S. says Russian intelligence orchestrated attack on Nobel laureate". The Washington Post.
31. ^ "Russian Nobel Peace Prize winner donates medal to fund for Ukrainian refugees". Reuters. 22 March 2022.
32. ^ The Associated Press (20 June 2022). "Nobel sold for Ukrainian kids shatters record at $103.5M". POLITICO. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
33. ^ "Valg av medlemmer til Nobelkomiteen". Stortinget. 18 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
34. ^ "The Norwegian Nobel Committee". The Nobel Peace Prize. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
35. ^ "Board and council". Norwegian Helsinki Committee. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
36. ^ "Prisutdelingen - Nobel Peace Prize". www.nobelpeaceprize.org (in Norwegian). 9 September 2021. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.

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Laureates of the Nobel Peace Prize

1901–1925|

* 1901: Henry Dunant / Frédéric Passy
* 1902: Élie Ducommun / Charles Gobat
* 1903: Randal Cremer
* 1904: Institut de Droit International
* 1905: Bertha von Suttner
* 1906: Theodore Roosevelt
* 1907: Ernesto Moneta / Louis Renault
* 1908: Klas Arnoldson / Fredrik Bajer
* 1909: A. M. F. Beernaert / Paul Estournelles de Constant
* 1910: International Peace Bureau
* 1911: Tobias Asser / Alfred Fried
* 1912: Elihu Root
* 1913: Henri La Fontaine
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* 1919: Woodrow Wilson
* 1920: Léon Bourgeois
* 1921: Hjalmar Branting / Christian Lange
* 1922: Fridtjof Nansen
* 1923
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* 1925: Austen Chamberlain / Charles Dawes

1926–1950|

* 1926: Aristide Briand / Gustav Stresemann
* 1927: Ferdinand Buisson / Ludwig Quidde
* 1928
* 1929: Frank B. Kellogg
* 1930: Nathan Söderblom
* 1931: Jane Addams / Nicholas Butler
* 1932
* 1933: Norman Angell
* 1934: Arthur Henderson
* 1935: Carl von Ossietzky
* 1936: Carlos Saavedra Lamas
* 1937: Robert Cecil
* 1938: Nansen International Office for Refugees
* 1939
* 1940
* 1941
* 1942
* 1943
* 1944: International Committee of the Red Cross
* 1945: Cordell Hull
* 1946: Emily Balch / John Mott
* 1947: Friends Service Council / American Friends Service Committee
* 1948
* 1949: John Boyd Orr
* 1950: Ralph Bunche

1951–1975|

* 1951: Léon Jouhaux
* 1952: Albert Schweitzer
* 1953: George C. Marshall
* 1954: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
* 1955
* 1956
* 1957: Lester B. Pearson
* 1958: Georges Pire
* 1959: Philip Noel-Baker
* 1960: Albert Luthuli
* 1961: Dag Hammarskjöld
* 1962: Linus Pauling
* 1963: International Committee of the Red Cross / League of Red Cross Societies
* 1964: Martin Luther King Jr.
* 1965: UNICEF
* 1966
* 1967
* 1968: René Cassin
* 1969: International Labour Organization
* 1970: Norman Borlaug
* 1971: Willy Brandt
* 1972
* 1973: Lê Đức Thọ (declined award) / Henry Kissinger
* 1974: Seán MacBride / Eisaku Satō
* 1975: Andrei Sakharov

1976–2000|

* 1976: Betty Williams / Mairead Corrigan
* 1977: Amnesty International
* 1978: Anwar Sadat / Menachem Begin
* 1979: Mother Teresa
* 1980: Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
* 1981: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
* 1982: Alva Myrdal / Alfonso García Robles
* 1983: Lech Wałęsa
* 1984: Desmond Tutu
* 1985: International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
* 1986: Elie Wiesel
* 1987: Óscar Arias
* 1988: UN Peacekeeping Forces
* 1989: Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)
* 1990: Mikhail Gorbachev
* 1991: Aung San Suu Kyi
* 1992: Rigoberta Menchú
* 1993: Nelson Mandela / F. W. de Klerk
* 1994: Shimon Peres / Yitzhak Rabin / Yasser Arafat
* 1995: Pugwash Conferences / Joseph Rotblat
* 1996: Carlos Belo / José Ramos-Horta
* 1997: International Campaign to Ban Landmines / Jody Williams
* 1998: John Hume / David Trimble
* 1999: Médecins Sans Frontières
* 2000: Kim Dae-jung

2001–present|

* 2001: United Nations / Kofi Annan
* 2002: Jimmy Carter
* 2003: Shirin Ebadi
* 2004: Wangari Maathai
* 2005: International Atomic Energy Agency / Mohamed ElBaradei
* 2006: Grameen Bank / Muhammad Yunus
* 2007: Al Gore / Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
* 2008: Martti Ahtisaari
* 2009: Barack Obama
* 2010: Liu Xiaobo
* 2011: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf / Leymah Gbowee / Tawakkol Karman
* 2012: European Union
* 2013: Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
* 2014: Kailash Satyarthi / Malala Yousafzai
* 2015: Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
* 2016: Juan Manuel Santos
* 2017: International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
* 2018: Denis Mukwege / Nadia Murad
* 2019: Abiy Ahmed
* 2020: World Food Programme
* 2021: Maria Ressa / Dmitry Muratov
* 2022: Ales Bialiatski / Memorial / Center for Civil Liberties
* 2023: Narges Mohammadi
* 2024: Nihon Hidankyo

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2021 Nobel Prize laureates

Chemistry|

* Benjamin List (Germany)
* David MacMillan (United Kingdom/United States)

Literature (2021)|

* Abdulrazak Gurnah (Tanzania/United Kingdom)

Peace (2021)|

* Dmitry Muratov (Russia)
* Maria Ressa (Philippines/United States)

Physics|

* Klaus Hasselmann (Germany)
* Syukuro Manabe (United States)
* Giorgio Parisi (Italy)

Physiology or Medicine (2021)|

* David Julius (United States)
* Ardem Patapoutian (Lebanon/United States)

Economic Sciences (2021)|

* Joshua Angrist (Israel/United States)
* David Card (Canada/United States)
* Guido Imbens (Netherlands/United States)

Nobel Prize recipients
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