2021 United States Electoral College vote count

Last step of 2020 presidential election

2021 United States Electoral College vote count

* * *

| <- 2017 | January 6–7, 2021 | 2025 ->

|
|

* * *

538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
|  |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Joe Biden | Donald Trump |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Home state  | Delaware | Florida
Running mate  | Kamala Harris | Mike Pence
Electoral vote  | 306 | 232
States carried  | 25 + DC \+ NE-02 | 25 + ME-02

* * *

Numbers = Electoral college votes

No objections

Objection(s) attempted[a]

Objections defeated

* * *

| President before election

Donald Trump
Republican

| Elected President

Joe Biden
Democratic

|

2020 U.S. presidential election

* Timeline
* 2017–2019
* January–October 2020
* November 2020 – January 2021
* Presidential debates
* Parties
* Polling
* national
* statewide
* News media endorsements
* primary
* general
* Fundraising
* Russian interference
* Presidential electors (fake electors)
* Electoral College vote count
* Presidential transition
* Subsequent voting restrictions

Attempts to overturn

* Protests
* inauguration week
* Lawsuits
* pre-election
* post-election
* Texas v. Pennsylvania
* January 6 Capitol attack
* timeline
* reactions
* domestic
* international
* aftermath

Democratic Party

* Primaries
* timeline
* Candidates
* Debates
* Forums
* Results
* Positions
* Polling
* national
* statewide
* Endorsements
* Nominee
* VP candidate selection
* Convention
* automatic delegates

Republican Party

* Primaries
* Debates
* Results
* Polling
* Endorsements
* Nominee
* Convention
* Reactions to Trump's fraud claims

Third parties

* Libertarian Party
* primaries
* convention
* nominee
* Green Party
* primaries
* debates
* results
* convention
* nominee
* Third-party and independent candidates

Related races

* Senate
* House
* Governors

| <- 2016 | 2020 | 2024 ->

|
|

* v
* t
* e

January 6 United
States Capitol attack

Timeline • Planning
Background

2020 presidential election
and other causes

* 2020–21 presidential election protests
* 2021 Electoral College vote count (alternate electors)
* Attempts to overturn the election
* Democratic backsliding in the US
* QAnon
* Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of election fraud
* Social media use by Donald Trump
* Trumpism

Related groups and persons

* Ali Alexander
* Ray Epps
* Nick Fuentes
* Rudy Giuliani
* Jericho March
* Alex Jones
* Sedition Caucus
* Enrique Tarrio
* Donald Trump
* Donald Trump Jr.

Participants

Notable people

* Ashli Babbitt
* Joe Biggs
* Richard Barnett
* Jacob "QAnon Shaman" Chansley
* Derrick Evans
* Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet
* Simone Gold
* Klete Keller
* Ethan Nordean
* Rick Saccone
* Jon Schaffer
* John Earle Sullivan

Organizations

* Boogaloo movement
* Groypers
* Oath Keepers
* Proud Boys
* Three Percenters

Law enforcement response

* Capitol Police
* Harry Dunn
* Eugene Goodman
* Brian Sicknick
* Howard Liebengood
* Steven Sund
* Department of Defense
* Michael C. Stenger
* Paul D. Irving
* Christopher C. Miller
* Ryan D. McCarthy
* Walter E. Piatt
* Charles A. Flynn
* Daniel Hokanson
* William J. Walker
* D.C. National Guard
* DC
* Muriel Bowser
* Robert Contee
* Michael Fanone
* Jeffrey L. Smith
* Virginia
* Ralph Northam

Aftermath

Biden inauguration

* 2021 inauguration week protests
* Security preparations

Investigations and charges

* Justice Department investigation
* Criminal proceedings
* list
* Fischer v. United States
* January 6 commission
* House Select Committee
* public hearings
* Smith special counsel investigation
* federal prosecution of Donald Trump

Corporate actions

* List of companies that halted political contributions
* Social media suspensions of Donald Trump
* permanent suspension
* Suspensions of other social media accounts
* shutdown of Parler
* Facebook

Reactions

* Domestic
* Antifa culpability conspiracy theory
* International

Impeachment and 2024 presidential election

* Second impeachment of Donald Trump
* trial
* Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump
* Trump v. Anderson

* v
* t
* e

The count of the Electoral College ballots during a joint session of the 117th United States Congress, pursuant to the Electoral Count Act, on January 6–7, 2021, was the final step to confirm President-elect Joe Biden's victory in the 2020 presidential election over President Donald Trump.

The event drew unprecedented attention because of the efforts of Trump and his allies to overturn the election results. A group of legislators from Trump's Republican Party announced they would formally object to counting Biden's votes in swing states, while Trump unsuccessfully sought to have Vice President Mike Pence use his presiding role over the count to change the outcome. The joint session adjourned twice to debate objections against the votes won by Biden in Arizona and Pennsylvania; both objections were defeated in the House and Senate, with only six Republican senators supporting the former and seven supporting the latter. Republican representatives also raised objections against votes for Biden from Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, and Wisconsin, but these objections failed because they were not co-signed by a senator.

Amid the debate on Arizona's votes, rioters stormed the Capitol building, causing the count to be temporarily halted until officials could safely return to their chambers. The counting resumed in the evening after the Capitol was secured and concluded by the following morning.

## Background

[edit]

### Electoral College

[edit]

See also: United States Electoral College, Certificate of ascertainment, and Certificate of vote

The United States Electoral College is the group of presidential electors required by the Constitution to form every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president. Each state appoints electors according to its legislature, equal in number to its congressional delegation (senators and representatives). Federal office holders cannot be electors. Of the current 538 electors, an absolute majority of 270 or more electoral votes is required to elect the president and vice president.[1] As stated in the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, if no candidate for either office achieves an absolute majority there, a contingent election is held by the United States House of Representatives to elect the president, and by the United States Senate to elect the vice president; under this amendment, only the election of 1824 failed to produce a majority for president, and the election of 1836 for vice president.

Each state and the District of Columbia produces two documents to be forwarded to Congress, a certificate of ascertainment and a certificate of vote. A certificate of ascertainment is an official document that identifies the state's appointed College electors and the tally of the final popular vote count for each candidate in that state[2] in a presidential election;[3][4] the certificate of ascertainment is submitted after an election by the governor of each state to the archivist of the United States[5][6] and others,[7] in accordance with 3 U.S.C. §§ 6–14[8][9] and the Electoral Count Act.[10][11] Within the United States' electoral system, the certificates "[represent] a crucial link between the popular vote and votes cast by electors".[12] The certificates must bear the state seal and the governor's signature. Staff from the Office of the Federal Register ensure that each certificate contains all legally required information.[13] When each state's appointed electors meet to vote (on the first Monday after the second Wednesday of December),[4] they sign and record their vote on a certificate of vote,[9][11] which are then paired with the certificate of ascertainment, which together are sent to be opened and counted by Congress.[14]

The 12th Amendment mandates Congress assemble in joint session to count the electoral votes and declare the winners of the election.[15] The Electoral Count Act, a federal law enacted in 1887, further established specific procedures for the counting of the electoral votes by the joint Congress.[16] The session is ordinarily required to take place on January 6 in the calendar year immediately following the meetings of the presidential electors.[17] Since the 20th Amendment, the newly elected joint Congress declares the winner of the election; all elections before 1936 were determined by the outgoing Congress.

A state's certificate of vote can be rejected only if both Houses of Congress, debating separately, vote to accept an objection by a majority in each House.[18] If the objection is approved by both Houses, the state's votes are not included in the count. Individual votes can also be objected to, and are also not counted. If there are no objections or all objections are overruled, the presiding officer simply includes a state's votes, as declared in the certificate of vote, in the official tally. After the certificates from all states are read and the respective votes are counted, the presiding officer simply announces the final state of the vote. This announcement concludes the joint session and formalizes the recognition of the president-elect and of the vice president-elect.[1] The senators then depart from the House chamber. The final tally is printed in the Senate and House journals.

### Attempts to thwart the electoral college

[edit]

Main article: Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election

See also: Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election § Gohmert et al. v. Pence

President Trump, his campaign, and his supporters engaged in numerous attempts to overturn the results of the 2020 United States presidential election.[19]

#### Proposal for the military to decide the winner

[edit]

On December 18, 2020, a team of Trump allies met the president in the White House and urged him to issue a drafted executive order, "Presidential Findings to Preserve Collect and Analyze National Security Information Regarding the 2020 General Election." According to the draft order, the military would seize voting machines; the Trump White House would delay the transition to the Biden administration while Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe and the Defense Department decided whether the election had been fair; and Trump would appoint a special counsel to prosecute those involved in the election. One of the guests, attorney Sidney Powell, proposed that Trump appoint her to the last position.[20][21]

#### Pressure on Vice President Pence to obstruct the certification of electoral votes

[edit]

See also: Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election § Pressure on Pence

On December 28, 2020, Republican U.S. Representative Louis Gohmert of Texas and the slate of Republican presidential electors for Arizona filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas against Vice President Mike Pence, seeking to force him to decide the election outcome.[22][23] Gohmert argued that the Electoral Count Act of 1887 was unconstitutional, that the Constitution gave Vice President Pence the "sole" power to decide the election outcome, and that Pence had the power to "count elector votes certified by a state's executive", select "a competing slate of duly qualified electors," or "ignore all electors from a certain state."[24][25][26] On January 1, 2021, U.S. District Judge Jeremy Kernodle dismissed the suit for lack of standing.[23][27][28] The next day, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the dismissal of Gohmert's suit in a unanimous decision by a three-judge panel.[29]

President Trump had repeatedly raised with his vice president the notion he could delay or obstruct the Electoral College vote count set to occur in Congress on January 6 and was "confused" on why Vice President Pence could not unilaterally reject electoral votes and overturn the results of the election.[30] Trump had argued that Pence, instead of simply acting in his constitutionally prescribed role, could delay the count beyond January 6 and ultimately force the question of who won the election to either the House of Representatives or the Supreme Court.[31] However, on January 5, Pence told Trump that he did not have the authority to block counting of votes for President-elect Joe Biden's win in the joint session of Congress to count electoral votes.[31] On July 5, 2023, in the lead up to the 2024 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses, Pence responded to questions from an Iowa woman about his Constitutional authority saying that "The Constitution affords no authority -- to the vice president or anyone else -- to reject votes or return votes to the states."[32][33][34][35][36]

#### Fake electors sent by the Trump campaign in seven states

[edit]

See also: Trump fake electors plot

Another proposed method was to reject results in Pennsylvania, Georgia, Michigan, Arizona, Wisconsin, Nevada and New Mexico by alleging that these states had sent competing sets of electors. If the results from those seven states had been rejected, neither candidate would have had the 270 votes required in the Electoral College, and the House would have had to decide the election.[37][38]

This strategy, including the drafting of fake documents for the supposedly competing electors, was coordinated by Rudy Giuliani in December 2020.[39] Boris Epshteyn acknowledged being involved.[40] Attorney John Eastman mentioned it in a January 4 meeting with Trump and Pence.

In reality, the states only sent one set of electors each. The Trump campaign sent its own supposedly competing electors and backed them by forged documents. While real state certificates tend to have "their own quirks, their own fancy or not fancy paper and decorations and seals," the Republicans' fake documents had the "same formatting, same font, same spacing, almost the same exact wording, all of them," as MSNBC commentator Rachel Maddow noted.[41]

In Pennsylvania and Nevada, the documents explicitly admitted that these "electors in waiting" were not the state's official electors and were only being proposed as alternate electors pending the outcome of Trump's election lawsuits. In the other five states, however, the documents falsely identified the Trump allies as the official state electors.[42][43] As of January 2022, the Justice Department is investigating the matter.[44] The 59 people who presented themselves as fake electors could face federal and state charges.[45]

### Announcements of planned Electoral College vote count objections

[edit]

In December 2020, several Republican members of the House led by Representative Mo Brooks of Alabama,[46][47] as well as Republican senator Josh Hawley of Missouri,[48] declared that they would formally object to the counting of the electoral votes of five swing states won by Biden during the January 6, 2021, joint session.[46][47][49] The objections would then trigger votes from both houses.[49] In December Brooks organized three White House meetings between Trump, Republican lawmakers, and others, including Vice President Pence and members of Trump's legal team. As Brooks confirmed at the time, the purpose of the meetings was to strategize about how Congress could overturn the election results on January 6.[50]

The last time an objection was successfully filed was after the 2004 presidential election, when Senator Barbara Boxer of California joined Representative Stephanie Tubbs Jones of Ohio in filing a congressional objection to the certification of Ohio's Electoral College votes due to alleged irregularities.[51][52] The Senate voted the objection down 1–74; the House voted the objection down 31–267.[51]

At least 140 House Republicans reportedly planned to vote against the 2020 counting of electoral votes, despite the lack of any credible allegation of an irregularity that would have affected the election, and the allegations' rejections by courts, election officials, the Electoral College, and others,[46] and despite the fact that almost all of the Republican objectors had "just won elections in the very same balloting they are now claiming was fraudulently administered."[53]

Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, who on December 15 acknowledged Biden's victory the day after the Electoral College vote, privately urged his Republican Senate colleagues not to join efforts by some House Republicans to challenge the vote count,[46] but was unable to persuade Hawley not to lodge an objection.[54] Hawley used his objection stance in fundraising emails.[55][56] Twelve additional Republican senators and senators-elect (Ted Cruz, Ron Johnson, James Lankford, Steve Daines, John Kennedy, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Braun, Cynthia Lummis, Roger Marshall, Bill Hagerty, Tommy Tuberville, and Kelly Loeffler) eventually announced that they would join Hawley's challenge, while acknowledging that it would not succeed.[53][57]

On January 2, 2021, Vice President Pence expressed support for the attempt to overturn Biden's victory.[53] Neither Pence nor the senators planning to object made any specific allegation of fraud; rather, they vaguely suggested that some wrongdoing might have taken place.[53] Other Senate Republicans were noncommittal or opposed to the attempt to subvert the election results.[54]

#### Reactions

[edit]

A spokesperson for President-elect Biden called the proposed objection effort a publicity stunt that would fail,[58] a statement echoed by Senator Amy Klobuchar, the top Democrat of the committee with jurisdiction over federal elections.[53] A bipartisan group of senators condemned the scheme to undo the election for Trump;[58] Joe Manchin (D-WV), Susan Collins (R-ME), Mark Warner (D-VA), Bill Cassidy (R-LA), Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH), Lisa Murkowski (R-AK), Angus King (I-ME), Mitt Romney (R-UT), and Maggie Hassan (D-NH) said, "The 2020 election is over. All challenges through recounts and appeals have been exhausted. At this point, further attempts to cast doubt on the legitimacy of the 2020 Presidential election are contrary to the clearly expressed will of the American people and only serve to undermine Americans' confidence in the already determined election results."[59] In a separate statement, Senator Ben Sasse, Republican of Nebraska, denounced his Republican colleagues who have sought to overturn the election results, terming them "the institutional arsonist members of Congress" and the submission of objection to counting the electoral votes as a "dangerous ploy" by Republican members of Congress who, in seeking "a quick way to tap into the president's populist base", were pointing "a loaded gun at the heart of legitimate self-government."[60] Other prominent Republicans who spoke out against attempts to subvert the election results included Maryland Governor Larry Hogan, former House Speaker Paul Ryan, and Representative Liz Cheney of Wyoming, the third-highest-ranking Republican in the House.[58]

Objections to the electoral votes had virtually no chance of success, as Democrats had a majority in the House of Representatives.[46] Although the Senate had a Republican majority, there was no committed majority for overturning the election results.[54] Trevor Potter, a Republican former chairman of the Federal Election Commission and the president of the Campaign Legal Center, wrote that the counting joint session "gives Trump's die-hard supporters in Congress an opportunity to again provide more disinformation about the election on national television."[49] After Senator John Thune, the second highest-ranking Senate Republican, said that the challenge to the election results would fail "like a shot dog" in the Senate, Trump attacked him on Twitter.[53][61]

In December, Trump repeatedly encouraged his supporters to protest in Washington, D.C., on January 6 in support of his campaign to overturn the election results,[19] appealing his supporters to "Be there, will be wild!"[62] The Washington Post editorial board criticized Trump for urging street protests, referring to previous violence by some Trump supporters at two earlier rallies and his earlier statement during a presidential debate telling the Proud Boys to "stand back and stand by."[63] Multiple groups of "die-hard" Trump supporters planned rallies in D.C. on that day: Women for America First; the Eighty Percent Coalition (also at Freedom Plaza); the group's name refers to the approximately 80% of Trump voters who do not accept the legitimacy of Biden's win); and "The Silent Majority" (a group organized by a South Carolina conservative activist).[64][19] George Papadopoulos and Roger Stone, ardent allies of Trump, planned to headline some of the events.[19] In addition to the formally organized events, the Proud Boys, other far-right groups, and white supremacists vowed to descend on Washington on January 6, with some threatening violence and pledging to carry weapons.[19] Proud Boys leader Enrique Tarrio said that his followers would "be incognito" and "spread across downtown DC in smaller teams."[64] On January 4, Tarrio was arrested by D.C. police on misdemeanor and felony charges.[65]

On January 10, a number of companies (including the financial company Morgan Stanley and the hotel chain Marriott, which each have their own PAC) announced they would cease their political contributions to members of Congress who had voted against certifying the Electoral College results.[66][67]

## Joint session of Congress

[edit]

Counting of Electoral College votes 2021, part 1 Counting of Electoral College votes 2021, part 2 Counting of Electoral College votes 2021, part 3

The joint session of Congress met at 1:00 p.m. EST to count the results of the Electoral College. Prior to the vote, Pence released a letter to Congress which denied the assertion that Pence, as the presiding officer of the count, had "unilateral authority" to overturn any state results.[68] (See also Gohmert v. Pence.)

The results from each state were opened and read one at a time, in alphabetical order. The results of Alabama and Alaska were read without objection. The results of Arizona were then objected to by Paul Gosar (AZ-4) and Ted Cruz (TX). Because of the objection, the joint session adjourned at 1:15 p.m. to allow each chamber to debate and vote on the objection.[69]

During the debate of Arizona's votes, Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol at approximately 2:15 p.m. and members of the House of Representatives and Senate were promptly evacuated from the Capitol by Capitol Police, and Congress was placed under lockdown.[70] The District of Columbia National Guard, as well as the National Guards and state police of the neighboring states of Virginia and Maryland, were activated within the hour.[71] At approximately 5:40 p.m., the Sergeant-at-Arms announced that the Capitol building had been secured.[72] Congress then reconvened at 8:00 p.m. and politicians from both parties condemned both Trump and the rioters' failed insurrection.[73]

Before the session resumed, at 7:00 p.m. Trump's lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, left a voice message to Senator Mike Lee by mistake, as the intended recipient was Senator Tommy Tuberville. Lee subsequently released the message to the public. In the message, Giuliani is heard saying: "I know they're reconvening at 8 tonight, but it ... the only strategy we can follow is to object to numerous states and raise issues so that we get ourselves into tomorrow – ideally until the end of tomorrow."[74] The legal or tactical purpose of the attempted delay is not clear; but may have been to form the basis of another legal challenge if the certification could not have been finalized on the 6th. Senator Tuberville was not aware of the message intended for him until after it became public.[74] How many other members of Congress received similar calls is not known.

Senate rejects Arizona objection 93–6. Session 8:00 p.m. Jan 6th Speech by Rep. Adam Kinzinger in the House opposing objection to Pennsylvania's votes after the rioting in the Capitol

Debate on the objection to Arizona's electoral votes resumed at 8:00 p.m., and both chambers spent some time condemning the storming of the Capitol. The Senate then voted to reject the objection by 6–93 at 10:10 p.m.,[75] and was followed by the House rejection by 121–303 at 11:08 p.m.[76][77] The joint session resumed again shortly afterwards where Pence requested the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House to report the actions of both, with the written objection being formally rejected, allowing the session to resume for the rest of the states. Objections to the electoral votes of Georgia, Michigan and Nevada were raised by Republican members of the House, but were not sustained because no senator joined the objection. In the case of Georgia, Senator Kelly Loeffler (R–GA) had withdrawn her objection after the unrest.[78][79][80] After the failed objection to Michigan's electoral votes, the outstanding planned objections for Nevada, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin totaling 36 votes were not sufficient to deny the Biden/Harris ticket the 270 votes needed to win. Representative Jake LaTurner was notified of his positive diagnosis with COVID after the vote on Arizona and went into isolation, missing the Pennsylvania vote.[81]

The next state objected to was Pennsylvania where Scott Perry (PA-10) and Josh Hawley (MO) objected to the results, and the joint session adjourned at 12:15 a.m.[82] The Senate held no further debate and within minutes the Senate rejected the objection by a 7–92 vote.[83] The House held a debate where there was a single instance of disruption during a speech by Conor Lamb (PA-17). An objection by Morgan Griffith (VA-9) to Lamb's words was denied over timeliness, during which Andy Harris (MD-1) and Colin Allred (TX-32) argued with each other, causing a disruption. Their confrontation was broken up, after which Lamb resumed his speech.[84][85] After further debate, the House voted to reject the objection at 3:08 a.m. by a 138–282 vote.[86][87]

Across the objections for Arizona and Pennsylvania, a total of 147 Republicans in Congress—eight senators and 139 representatives—voted to sustain one or both objections.[88]

The joint session resumed once again at 3:25 a.m.,[89] with the Secretary and the Clerk reporting the results of the vote, formally rejecting the second written objection. The session resumed the tallying of the results. At 3:33 a.m., the electoral votes of Vermont were counted, putting the Biden/Harris ticket over the 270 electoral votes needed to secure the presidency and vice presidency.[90] The final objection was to Wisconsin, but it failed because no senator joined the objection.[91] The joint session was dissolved by Pence at 3:44 a.m.[92]

Republican representative Peter Meijer said that several of his Republican colleagues in the House would have voted to certify the votes, but did not out of fear for the safety of their families,[93] and that at least one specifically voted to overturn Biden's victory against their conscience because they were shaken by the mob attack that day.[94]

State  | EV | EV
winners  | Objection

|
|
|

Raised by  | Vote  | Outcome
House  | Senate  | House  | Senate
Alabama | 9  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Alaska | 3  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Arizona | 11  | Biden/Harris  | Paul Gosar (R–AZ-4) | Ted Cruz (R–TX) | 121–303 | 6–93 | Objection defeated
Arkansas | 6  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
California | 55  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
Colorado | 9  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
Connecticut | 7  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
Delaware | 3  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
District of Columbia | 3  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
Florida | 29  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Georgia | 16  | Biden/Harris  | Jody Hice (R–GA-10) | None[b] | —  | Objection not debated
Hawaii | 4  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
Idaho | 4  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Illinois | 20  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
Indiana | 11  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Iowa | 6  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Kansas | 6  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Kentucky | 8  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Louisiana | 8  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Maine | 4  | 3 for Biden/Harris
1 for Trump/Pence[c] | None  | —  | No objection
Maryland | 10  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
Massachusetts | 11  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
Michigan | 16  | Biden/Harris  | Marjorie Taylor Greene
(R–GA-14) | None  | —  | Objection not debated
Minnesota | 10  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
Mississippi | 6  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Missouri | 10  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Montana | 3  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Nebraska | 5  | 4 for Trump/Pence
1 for Biden/Harris[c] | None  | —  | No objection
Nevada | 6  | Biden/Harris  | Mo Brooks (R–AL-5) | None  | —  | Objection not debated
New Hampshire | 4  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
New Jersey | 14  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
New Mexico | 5  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
New York | 29  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
North Carolina | 15  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
North Dakota | 3  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Ohio | 18  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Oklahoma | 7  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Oregon | 7  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
Pennsylvania | 20  | Biden/Harris  | Scott Perry (R–PA-10) | Josh Hawley (R–MO) | 138–282 | 7–92 | Objection defeated
Rhode Island | 4  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
South Carolina | 9  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
South Dakota | 3  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Tennessee | 11  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Texas | 38  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Utah | 6  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Vermont[d] | 3  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
Virginia | 13  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
Washington | 12  | Biden/Harris  | None  | —  | No objection
West Virginia | 5  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection
Wisconsin | 10  | Biden/Harris  | Louie Gohmert (R–TX-1) | None  | —  | Objection not debated
Wyoming | 3  | Trump/Pence  | None  | —  | No objection

1. ^ Pursuant to the Electoral Count Act of 1887, an objection requires the assent of a Representative and a Senator in order to be sustained before Congress. In all these cases, the attempted objections failed to receive assent from a Senator.
2. ^ Georgia Senator Kelly Loeffler had planned on objecting to the Georgia electors, but withdrew her objection following the storming of the United States Capitol that occurred earlier in the day.
3. ^ a b Electoral votes for Maine and Nebraska are allocated between statewide vote and congressional districts.
4. ^ With Vermont's 3 electoral votes, Joe Biden and Kamala Harris surpassed the 270 electoral vote threshold, securing victory in the electoral vote count. This occurred at approximately 3:33 am Eastern Time[95]

### Arizona

[edit]

Nay: 303 seats

Not voting/not present: 9 seats (7 not voting, 2 not present)

Yea: 121 seats

Not shown: 2 seats House of Representatives  "On agreeing to the objection"[77] Party  | Votes for  | Votes against  | Not voting  | Not present

|
|
|
|

| Democratic (222)  | –  | 220 |

* Alcee Hastings (FL–20)
* Rashida Tlaib (MI–13)

| –
| Republican (211)[a] | 121 | 83 |

* Gus Bilirakis (FL–12)
* Kevin Brady (TX–8)
* Kay Granger (TX–12)
* Young Kim (CA–39)
* Michelle Steel (CA–48)

* María Elvira Salazar (FL–27)
* David Valadao (CA–21)

Total (433)[a] | 121  | 303  | 7  | 2

Republicans voting for the objection (121)[77]

* Robert Aderholt (AL–4)
* Rick W. Allen (GA–12)
* Jodey Arrington (TX–19)
* Brian Babin (TX–36)
* Jim Baird (IN–4)
* Jim Banks (IN–3)
* Jack Bergman (MI–1)
* Stephanie Bice (OK–5)
* Andy Biggs (AZ–5)
* Dan Bishop (NC–9)
* Lauren Boebert (CO–3)
* Mike Bost (IL–12)
* Mo Brooks (AL–5)
* Ted Budd (NC–13)
* Tim Burchett (TN–2)
* Michael C. Burgess (TX–26)
* Ken Calvert (CA–42)
* Kat Cammack (FL–3)
* Jerry Carl (AL–1)
* Buddy Carter (GA–1)
* John Carter (TX–31)
* Madison Cawthorn (NC–11)
* Ben Cline (VA–6)
* Michael Cloud (TX–27)
* Andrew Clyde (GA–9)
* Tom Cole (OK–4)
* Rick Crawford (AR–1)
* Warren Davidson (OH–8)
* Scott DesJarlais (TN–4)
* Mario Díaz-Balart (FL–25)
* Byron Donalds (FL–19)
* Jeff Duncan (SC–3)
* Neal Dunn (FL–2)
* Ron Estes (KS–4)
* Pat Fallon (TX–4)
* Michelle Fischbach (MN–7)
* Scott L. Fitzgerald (WI–5)
* Chuck Fleischmann (TN–3)
* Scott Franklin (FL–15)
* Russ Fulcher (ID–1)
* Matt Gaetz (FL–1)
* Mike Garcia (CA–25)
* Bob Gibbs (OH–7)
* Carlos A. Giménez (FL–26)
* Louie Gohmert (TX–1)
* Bob Good (VA–5)
* Lance Gooden (TX–5)
* Paul Gosar (AZ–4)
* Sam Graves (MO–6)
* Mark E. Green (TN–7)
* Marjorie Taylor Greene (GA–14)
* Morgan Griffith (VA–9)
* Michael Guest (MS–3)
* Jim Hagedorn (MN–1)
* Andy Harris (MD–1)
* Diana Harshbarger (TN–1)
* Vicky Hartzler (MO–4)
* Kevin Hern (OK–1)
* Yvette Herrell (NM–2)
* Jody Hice (GA–10)
* Clay Higgins (LA–3)
* Richard Hudson (NC–8)
* Darrell Issa (CA–50)
* Ronny Jackson (TX–13)
* Chris Jacobs (NY–27)
* Mike Johnson (LA–4)
* Bill Johnson (OH–6)
* Jim Jordan (OH–4)
* John Joyce (PA–13)
* Trent Kelly (MS–1)
* Mike Kelly (PA–16)
* Doug LaMalfa (CA–1)
* Doug Lamborn (CO–5)
* Jake LaTurner (KS–2)
* Debbie Lesko (AZ–8)
* Billy Long (MO–7)
* Barry Loudermilk (GA–11)
* Frank Lucas (OK–3)
* Blaine Luetkemeyer (MO–3)
* Nicole Malliotakis (NY–11)
* Tracey Mann (KS–1)
* Brian Mast (FL–18)
* Kevin McCarthy (CA–23)
* Lisa McClain (MI–10)
* Mary Miller (IL–15)
* Carol Miller (WV–3)
* Barry Moore (AL–2)
* Markwayne Mullin (OK–2)
* Troy Nehls (TX–22)
* Ralph Norman (SC–5)
* Devin Nunes (CA–22)
* Jay Obernolte (CA–8)
* Steven Palazzo (MS–4)
* Gary Palmer (AL–6)
* Scott Perry (PA–10)
* August Pfluger (TX–11)
* Bill Posey (FL–8)
* Guy Reschenthaler (PA–14)
* Tom Rice (SC–7)
* Hal Rogers (KY–5)
* Mike Rogers (AL–3)
* John Rose (TN–6)
* Matt Rosendale (MT–AL)
* David Rouzer (NC–7)
* John Rutherford (FL–4)
* Steve Scalise (LA–1)
* Pete Sessions (TX–17)
* Jason Smith (MO–8)
* Adrian Smith (NE–3)
* Greg Steube (FL–17)
* Tom Tiffany (WI–7)
* William Timmons (SC–4)
* Jeff Van Drew (NJ–2)
* Tim Walberg (MI–7)
* Jackie Walorski (IN–2)
* Randy Weber (TX–14)
* Daniel Webster (FL–11)
* Roger Williams (TX–25)
* Joe Wilson (SC–2)
* Ron Wright (TX–6)
* Lee Zeldin (NY–1)

Republicans voting against the objection (83)[77]

* Mark Amodei (NV–2)
* Kelly Armstrong (ND–AL)
* Don Bacon (NE–2)
* Troy Balderson (OH–12)
* Andy Barr (KY–6)
* Cliff Bentz (OR–2)
* Vern Buchanan (FL–16)
* Ken Buck (CO–4)
* Larry Bucshon (IN–8)
* Steve Chabot (OH–1)
* Liz Cheney (WY–AL)
* James Comer (KY–1)
* Dan Crenshaw (TX–2)
* John Curtis (UT–3)
* Rodney Davis (IL–13)
* Tom Emmer (MN–6)
* Randy Feenstra (IA–4)
* Drew Ferguson (GA–3)
* Brian Fitzpatrick (PA–1)
* Jeff Fortenberry (NE–1)
* Virginia Foxx (NC–5)
* Mike Gallagher (WI–8)
* Andrew Garbarino (NY–2)
* Tony Gonzales (TX–23)
* Anthony Gonzalez (OH–16)
* Garret Graves (LA–6)
* Glenn Grothman (WI–6)
* Brett Guthrie (KY–2)
* Jaime Herrera Beutler (WA–3)
* French Hill (AR–2)
* Ashley Hinson (IA–1)
* Trey Hollingsworth (IN–9)
* Bill Huizenga (MI–2)
* Dusty Johnson (SD–AL)
* David Joyce (OH–14)
* John Katko (NY–24)
* Fred Keller (PA–12)
* Adam Kinzinger (IL–16)
* David Kustoff (TN–8)
* Darin LaHood (IL–18)
* Bob Latta (OH–5)
* Nancy Mace (SC–1)
* Thomas Massie (KY–4)
* Michael McCaul (TX–10)
* Tom McClintock (CA–4)
* Patrick McHenry (NC–10)
* David McKinley (WV–1)
* Peter Meijer (MI–3)
* Dan Meuser (PA–9)
* Mariannette Miller-Meeks (IA–2)
* John Moolenaar (MI–4)
* Alex Mooney (WV–2)
* Blake Moore (UT–1)
* Greg Murphy (NC–3)
* Dan Newhouse (WA–4)
* Burgess Owens (UT–4)
* Greg Pence (IN–6)
* Tom Reed (NY–23)
* Cathy McMorris Rodgers (WA–5)
* Chip Roy (TX–21)
* David Schweikert (AZ–6)
* Austin Scott (GA–8)
* Mike Simpson (ID–2)
* Chris Smith (NJ–4)
* Lloyd Smucker (PA–11)
* Victoria Spartz (IN–5)
* Pete Stauber (MN–8)
* Elise Stefanik (NY–21)
* Bryan Steil (WI–1)
* Chris Stewart (UT–2)
* Steve Stivers (OH–15)
* Van Taylor (TX–3)
* Glenn Thompson (PA–15)
* Mike Turner (OH–10)
* Fred Upton (MI–6)
* Beth Van Duyne (TX–24)
* Ann Wagner (MO–2)
* Michael Waltz (FL–6)
* Brad Wenstrup (OH–2)
* Bruce Westerman (AR–4)
* Rob Wittman (VA–1)
* Steve Womack (AR–3)
* Don Young (AK–AL)

Nay: 93 seats

Yea: 6 seats

Not shown: 1 seat Senate  "Objection to the electoral ballot certification with regard to the state of Arizona"[96] Party  | Votes for  | Votes against  | Not voting

|
|
|

| Republican (51)  |

* Ted Cruz (TX)
* Josh Hawley (MO)
* Cindy Hyde-Smith (MS)
* John Kennedy (LA)
* Roger Marshall (KS)
* Tommy Tuberville (AL)

| 45 | –
| Democratic (46)  | –  | 46 | –
| Independent (2)  | –  |

* Angus King (ME)
* Bernie Sanders (VT)

| –
Total (99)[b] | 6  | 93  | –

### Pennsylvania

[edit]

Nay: 282 seats

Not voting/not present: 13 seats (11 not voting, 2 not present)

Yea: 138 seats

Not shown: 2 seats House of Representatives  "On agreeing to the objection"[87] Party  | Votes for  | Votes against  | Not voting  | Not present

|
|
|
|

| Democratic (222)  | –  | 218 |

* Alcee Hastings (FL–20)
* David Scott (GA–13)
* Rashida Tlaib (MI–13)
* David Trone (MD–6)

| –
| Republican (211)[a] | 138 | 64 |

* Gus Bilirakis (FL–12)
* Kevin Brady (TX–8)
* Ken Buck (CO–4)
* Kay Granger (TX–12)
* David Joyce (OH–14)
* Jake LaTurner (KS–2)
* Michelle Steel (CA–48)

* María Elvira Salazar (FL–27)
* David Valadao (CA–21)

Total (433)[a] | 138  | 282  | 11  | 2

Republicans voting for the objection (138)[87]

* Robert Aderholt (AL–4)
* Rick W. Allen (GA–12)
* Jodey Arrington (TX–19)
* Brian Babin (TX–36)
* Jim Baird (IN–4)
* Jim Banks (IN–3)
* Cliff Bentz (OR–2)
* Jack Bergman (MI–1)
* Stephanie Bice (OK–5)
* Andy Biggs (AZ–5)
* Dan Bishop (NC–9)
* Lauren Boebert (CO–3)
* Mike Bost (IL–12)
* Mo Brooks (AL–5)
* Ted Budd (NC–13)
* Tim Burchett (TN–2)
* Michael C. Burgess (TX–26)
* Ken Calvert (CA–42)
* Kat Cammack (FL–3)
* Jerry Carl (AL–1)
* Buddy Carter (GA–1)
* John Carter (TX–31)
* Madison Cawthorn (NC–11)
* Steve Chabot (OH–1)
* Ben Cline (VA–6)
* Michael Cloud (TX–27)
* Andrew Clyde (GA–9)
* Tom Cole (OK–4)
* Rick Crawford (AR–1)
* Warren Davidson (OH–8)
* Scott DesJarlais (TN–4)
* Mario Díaz-Balart (FL–25)
* Byron Donalds (FL–19)
* Jeff Duncan (SC–3)
* Neal Dunn (FL–2)
* Ron Estes (KS–4)
* Pat Fallon (TX–4)
* Michelle Fischbach (MN–7)
* Scott L. Fitzgerald (WI–5)
* Chuck Fleischmann (TN–3)
* Virginia Foxx (NC–5)
* Scott Franklin (FL–15)
* Russ Fulcher (ID–1)
* Matt Gaetz (FL–1)
* Mike Garcia (CA–25)
* Bob Gibbs (OH–7)
* Carlos A. Giménez (FL–26)
* Louie Gohmert (TX–1)
* Bob Good (VA–5)
* Lance Gooden (TX–5)
* Paul Gosar (AZ–4)
* Garret Graves (LA–6)
* Sam Graves (MO–6)
* Mark E. Green (TN–7)
* Marjorie Taylor Greene (GA–14)
* Morgan Griffith (VA–9)
* Michael Guest (MS–3)
* Jim Hagedorn (MN–1)
* Andy Harris (MD–1)
* Diana Harshbarger (TN–1)
* Vicky Hartzler (MO–4)
* Kevin Hern (OK–1)
* Yvette Herrell (NM–2)
* Jody Hice (GA–10)
* Clay Higgins (LA–3)
* Richard Hudson (NC–8)
* Darrell Issa (CA–50)
* Ronny Jackson (TX–13)
* Chris Jacobs (NY–27)
* Mike Johnson (LA–4)
* Bill Johnson (OH–6)
* Jim Jordan (OH–4)
* John Joyce (PA–13)
* Fred Keller (PA–12)
* Trent Kelly (MS–1)
* Mike Kelly (PA–16)
* David Kustoff (TN–8)
* Doug LaMalfa (CA–1)
* Doug Lamborn (CO–5)
* Debbie Lesko (AZ–8)
* Billy Long (MO–7)
* Barry Loudermilk (GA–11)
* Frank Lucas (OK–3)
* Blaine Luetkemeyer (MO–3)
* Nicole Malliotakis (NY–11)
* Tracey Mann (KS–1)
* Brian Mast (FL–18)
* Kevin McCarthy (CA–23)
* Lisa McClain (MI–10)
* Dan Meuser (PA–9)
* Mary Miller (IL–15)
* Carol Miller (WV–3)
* Alex Mooney (WV–2)
* Barry Moore (AL–2)
* Markwayne Mullin (OK–2)
* Greg Murphy (NC–3)
* Troy Nehls (TX–22)
* Ralph Norman (SC–5)
* Devin Nunes (CA–22)
* Jay Obernolte (CA–8)
* Burgess Owens (UT–4)
* Steven Palazzo (MS–4)
* Gary Palmer (AL–6)
* Greg Pence (IN–6)
* Scott Perry (PA–10)
* August Pfluger (TX–11)
* Bill Posey (FL–8)
* Guy Reschenthaler (PA–14)
* Tom Rice (SC–7)
* Hal Rogers (KY–5)
* Mike Rogers (AL–3)
* John Rose (TN–6)
* Matt Rosendale (MT–AL)
* David Rouzer (NC–7)
* John Rutherford (FL–4)
* Steve Scalise (LA–1)
* David Schweikert (AZ–6)
* Pete Sessions (TX–17)
* Jason Smith (MO–8)
* Adrian Smith (NE–3)
* Lloyd Smucker (PA–11)
* Elise Stefanik (NY–21)
* Greg Steube (FL–17)
* Chris Stewart (UT–2)
* Glenn Thompson (PA–15)
* Tom Tiffany (WI–7)
* William Timmons (SC–4)
* Jeff Van Drew (NJ–2)
* Beth Van Duyne (TX–24)
* Tim Walberg (MI–7)
* Jackie Walorski (IN–2)
* Randy Weber (TX–14)
* Daniel Webster (FL–11)
* Roger Williams (TX–25)
* Joe Wilson (SC–2)
* Rob Wittman (VA–1)
* Ron Wright (TX–6)
* Lee Zeldin (NY–1)

Republicans voting against the objection (64)[87]

* Mark Amodei (NV–2)
* Kelly Armstrong (ND–AL)
* Don Bacon (NE–2)
* Troy Balderson (OH–12)
* Andy Barr (KY–6)
* Vern Buchanan (FL–16)
* Larry Bucshon (IN–8)
* Liz Cheney (WY–AL)
* James Comer (KY–1)
* Dan Crenshaw (TX–2)
* John Curtis (UT–3)
* Rodney Davis (IL–13)
* Tom Emmer (MN–6)
* Randy Feenstra (IA–4)
* Drew Ferguson (GA–3)
* Brian Fitzpatrick (PA–1)
* Jeff Fortenberry (NE–1)
* Mike Gallagher (WI–8)
* Andrew Garbarino (NY–2)
* Tony Gonzales (TX–23)
* Anthony Gonzalez (OH–16)
* Glenn Grothman (WI–6)
* Brett Guthrie (KY–2)
* Jaime Herrera Beutler (WA–3)
* French Hill (AR–2)
* Ashley Hinson (IA–1)
* Trey Hollingsworth (IN–9)
* Bill Huizenga (MI–2)
* Dusty Johnson (SD–AL)
* John Katko (NY–24)
* Young Kim (CA–39)
* Adam Kinzinger (IL–16)
* Darin LaHood (IL–18)
* Bob Latta (OH–5)
* Nancy Mace (SC–1)
* Thomas Massie (KY–4)
* Michael McCaul (TX–10)
* Tom McClintock (CA–4)
* Patrick McHenry (NC–10)
* David McKinley (WV–1)
* Peter Meijer (MI–3)
* Mariannette Miller-Meeks (IA–2)
* John Moolenaar (MI–4)
* Blake Moore (UT–1)
* Dan Newhouse (WA–4)
* Tom Reed (NY–23)
* Cathy McMorris Rodgers (WA–5)
* Chip Roy (TX–21)
* Austin Scott (GA–8)
* Mike Simpson (ID–2)
* Chris Smith (NJ–4)
* Victoria Spartz (IN–5)
* Pete Stauber (MN–8)
* Bryan Steil (WI–1)
* Steve Stivers (OH–15)
* Van Taylor (TX–3)
* Mike Turner (OH–10)
* Fred Upton (MI–6)
* Ann Wagner (MO–2)
* Michael Waltz (FL–6)
* Brad Wenstrup (OH–2)
* Bruce Westerman (AR–4)
* Steve Womack (AR–3)
* Don Young (AK–AL)

Nay: 92 seats

Yea: 7 seats

Not shown: 1 seat Senate  "Objection to the electoral ballot certification with regard to the state of Pennsylvania"[97] Party  | Votes for  | Votes against  | Not voting

|
|
|

| Republican (51)  |

* Ted Cruz (TX)
* Josh Hawley (MO)
* Cindy Hyde-Smith (MS)
* Cynthia Lummis (WY)
* Roger Marshall (KS)
* Rick Scott (FL)
* Tommy Tuberville (AL)

| 44 | –
| Democratic (46)  | –  | 46 | –
| Independent (2)  | –  |

* Angus King (ME)
* Bernie Sanders (VT)

| –
Total (99)[b] | 7  | 92  | –

## Aftermath

[edit]

On January 11, 2021, Representative Cori Bush of Missouri filed a resolution calling for the possible expulsion of more than 100 Republican members of the U.S. House of Representatives who voted against certifying results of the presidential election, and Senator Sheldon Whitehouse of Rhode Island said the Senate Ethics Committee "must consider the expulsion, or censure and punishment, of Senators Cruz, Hawley, and perhaps others."[98]

On December 22, 2022, the United States Senate passed the Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022, sponsored by Senator Susan Collins of Maine and Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia. After about a year of negotiations, it became Division P of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, which passed 68–29 in the Senate and 225–201 in the House the following day.[99][100] It was signed into law by President Joe Biden on December 29.

Some of the highlights of the bill:[101]

* Identifies each state's governor as responsible for submitting certificates of ascertainment, unless otherwise specified by state laws or constitutions.
* Provides for expedited review, including a three-judge panel with a direct appeal to the Supreme Court, of certain claims related to a state's certificate identifying its electors.
* Requires Congress to defer to slates of electors submitted by a state's executive pursuant to the judgments of state or federal courts.
* Clarifies that the vice president cannot solely determine, accept, reject, or otherwise adjudicate disputes over electors.
* Raises objection threshold from one member of each chamber to 20% of each chamber.
* Prohibits state legislatures from declaring a "failed election". They can now move their election only under "extraordinary and catastrophic" circumstances.

## See also

[edit]

* Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election
* Presidential transition of Joe Biden
* Public hearings of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d 209 out of 211 Republican representatives—431 of 433 representatives total—were present. Two Republican U.S. Representatives, María Elvira Salazar (FL–27) and David Valadao (CA–21), were not present due to contracting and being diagnosed with COVID-19. Additionally, two seats later seated by Republicans, Louisiana's 5th congressional district and New York's 22nd congressional district, were vacant, meaning only 433 members were seated.
2. ^ a b The reason for the total vote count being 99 was a vacancy in one of the Georgia senate seats. Senator David Perdue's term had ended, and his successor, Jon Ossoff had yet to be sworn-in, having won the run-off election the day before the counting of the electoral vote.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Neale, Thomas H. (October 22, 2020). "The Electoral College: A 2020 Presidential Election Timeline". Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
2. ^ Robinson, Courtney (November 17, 2020). "It's official: Florida certifies its 2020 election results". WTSP. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
3. ^ Conniff, Ruth (November 19, 2020). "Wisconsin's divisive presidential recount begins". Wisconsin Examiner. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
4. ^ a b Astor, Maggie (November 12, 2020). "Here's What Will Happen Between Election Day and Inauguration Day". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
5. ^ Bedillion, Caleb (November 16, 2020). "Final vote tally shows Lee County turnout increase". Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
6. ^ Lee, Jessica (November 19, 2020). "Could Trump Defy Popular Vote By Halting Voter Certification?". Snopes. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
7. ^ Albiges, Marie (November 13, 2020). "Meet Pennsylvania's Electoral College voters: Everything they can — and can't — do". WHYY. Archived from the original on December 15, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
8. ^ Karson, Kendall (December 8, 2020). "What to know about Tuesday's 'safe harbor' deadline to certify election results". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
9. ^ a b Viebeck, Elise; Santamariña, Daniela (November 12, 2020). "Vote certification deadlines in states facing legal challenges from Trump, GOP". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
10. ^ Montellaro, Zach (November 19, 2020). "What you need to know about how the Electoral College works". Politico. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
11. ^ a b Neale, Thomas H. (October 22, 2020). "The Electoral College: A 2020 Presidential Election Timeline". Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
12. ^ Friedmann, Sarah (November 3, 2016). "The Certificate Of Ascertainment Records Each Vote". Bustle. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
13. ^ "The 2020 Presidential Election: Provisions of the Constitution and U.S. Code" (PDF). Office of the Federal Register. National Archives and Records Administration. July 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
14. ^ Dixon, R. G. (June 1950). "Electoral College Procedure". The Western Political Quarterly. 3 (2). University of Utah: 214–224. doi:10.2307/443484. JSTOR 443484.+G.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2021+United+States+Electoral+College+vote+count" class="Z3988">
15. ^ "Constitution of the United States: Amendments 11–27". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved January 5, 2021. "The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted."
16. ^ Rybicki, Elizabeth; Whitaker, L. Paige. "Counting Electoral Votes: An Overview of Procedures at the Joint Session, Including Objections by Members of Congress" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Congressional Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
17. ^ 3 U.S.C. § 15, Counting electoral votes in Congress
18. ^ Jalonick, Mary Clare (December 15, 2020). "EXPLAINER: How Congress will count Electoral College votes". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
19. ^ a b c d e Lang, Marissa J. (December 30, 2020). "Jan. 6 protests multiply as Trump continues to call supporters to Washington". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
20. ^ Swan, Betsy Woodruff (January 21, 2022). "Read the never-issued Trump order that would have seized voting machines". POLITICO. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
21. ^ Cooper, Anderson (January 21, 2022), George Conway on draft executive order: Absolute banana republic stuff - CNN Video, retrieved January 22, 2022
22. ^ Linton, Caroline (January 2, 2021). "Judge dismisses Gohmert's attempt to force Pence to decide election results". CBS News. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
23. ^ a b "Order of Dismissal" (PDF). Gohmert v. Pence. January 1, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021 - via courtlistener.com. "6:20-cv-00660-JDK"
24. ^ Linton, Caroline (January 2, 2021). "Judge dismisses Gohmert's attempt to force Pence to decide election results". CBS News. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
25. ^ Cheney, Kyle (December 28, 2020). "Gohmert suit may force Pence's hand in effort to overturn Trump's defeat". POLITICO. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
26. ^ Breuninger, Kevin (December 28, 2020). "Congressman, other Republicans sue Vice President Pence in last-ditch effort to overturn Biden win". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
27. ^ Edmondson, Catie; Haberman, Maggie (January 1, 2021). "Federal Judge Dismisses Election Lawsuit Against Pence". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
28. ^ Barrett, Devlin (January 1, 2021). "Judge dismisses Gohmert lawsuit seeking to stymie Biden electoral college count". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
29. ^ Gerstein, Josh; Cheney, Kyle (January 1, 2021). "Federal appeals court tosses Gohmert suit aimed at overturning 2020 election results". Politico. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
30. ^ Kevin Liptak (January 5, 2021). "Pence faces pressure from Trump to thwart Electoral College vote". CNN. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
31. ^ a b Kaitlan Collins and Jim Acosta (January 6, 2021). "Pence informed Trump that he can't block Biden's win". CNN. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
32. ^ Pence, Mike (July 5, 2023). Watch All In With Chris Hayes Highlights: July 6. MSNBC. Event occurs at 7:52. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023.
33. ^ Murray, Isabella (July 6, 2023). "'Trump was wrong': Pence confronts Iowan angry about his role certifying election on Jan. 6". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023.
34. ^ "While campaigning in Iowa, Mike Pence confronted about January 6 vote". KGAN. July 6, 2023. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023.
35. ^ Gruber-Miller, Stephen (July 6, 2023). "Mike Pence: It would only be appropriate to consider pardoning Trump if he's found guilty". The Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023.
36. ^ Marcotte, Amanda (July 7, 2023). "Mike Pence's Big Lie campaign trail torture: He's reaping the disinformation he sowed". Salon.com. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023.
37. ^ Gangel, Jamie; Herb, Jeremy (September 21, 2021). "Memo shows Trump lawyer's six-step plan for Pence to overturn the election". CNN. Retrieved October 24, 2021.
38. ^ Cohen, Zachary; Cohen, Marshall (January 13, 2022). "Trump allies' fake Electoral College certificates offer fresh insights about plot to overturn Biden's victory". CNN. Archived from the original on January 13, 2022. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
39. ^ Cohen, Marshall; Cohen, Zachary; Merica, Dan (January 20, 2022). "Trump campaign officials, led by Rudy Giuliani, oversaw fake electors plot in 7 states". CNN. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
40. ^ Swire, Sonnet (January 22, 2022). "Former Trump campaign adviser acknowledges being part of 2020 fake electors plot". CNN. Archived from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
41. ^ Maddow, Rachel (January 11, 2022). "Transcript: The Rachel Maddow Show, 1/11/22". MSNBC.com. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
42. ^ Wereschagin, Mike (January 17, 2022). "Pa. Republicans' hedged language may have saved them from prosecution over electoral vote scheme". LancasterOnline. Archived from the original on January 17, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
43. ^ Papenfuss, Mary (January 22, 2022). "Jan. 6 Investigators Zeroing In On Apparent Plot To Hijack Election With Fake Electors". HuffPost. Archived from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
44. ^ Cohen, Marshall (January 27, 2022). "What to know about the Trump 'fake electors' scheme". CNN. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
45. ^ Date, S.V. (January 27, 2022). "The 59 Republicans Who Joined In Electoral Voter Fraud Scheme For Trump Could Face Prison". HuffPost. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
46. ^ a b c d e Tapper, Jake (December 31, 2020). "At least 140 House Republicans to vote against counting electoral votes, two GOP lawmakers say". CNN. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
47. ^ a b Fandos, Nicholas (December 15, 2020). "Defying Trump, McConnell Seeks to Squelch Bid to Overturn the Election". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
48. ^ Brockell, Gillian (January 5, 2021). "The senators who were expelled after refusing to accept Lincoln's election". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
49. ^ a b c Potter, Trevor (December 17, 2020). "No, Jan. 6 isn't another chance for Trump to reverse the election". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
50. ^ Zanona, Melanie (December 21, 2021). "House Republicans meet with Trump to discuss overturning election results". Politico. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
51. ^ a b Ted, Barrett (January 6, 2005), "Bush carries Electoral College after delay", CNN, archived from the original on April 23, 2009, retrieved January 10, 2021
52. ^ Barbara, Boxer (January 6, 2005), Press Release of Senator Boxer: Statement On Her Objection To The Certification Of Ohio's Electoral Votes, archived from the original on June 7, 2008, retrieved January 10, 2021
53. ^ a b c d e f Broadwater, Luke (January 2, 2021). "Pence Welcomes Bid to Overturn Biden's Election as Republican Senators Join". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
54. ^ a b c Everett, Burgess (January 1, 2021). "'Exercise in futility': Republicans lambaste Hawley's push to challenge election". Politico. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
55. ^ Axelrod, Tal (December 31, 2020). "Outgoing GOP congressman criticizes Hawley for fundraising off Electoral College challenge". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
56. ^ Isenstadt, Alex (December 21, 2020). "Hawley faces heat from Senate Republicans over Electoral College plans". Politico. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
57. ^ Nelson, Steven (January 5, 2021). "Sen. Kelly Loeffler will object to Biden's Electoral College win". New York Post. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
58. ^ a b c Mascaro, Lisa; Jalonick, Mary Clare (January 3, 2021). "Republicans condemn GOP 'scheme' to undo election for Trump". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
59. ^ "Durbin, Bipartisan Colleagues: Voters Have Spoken, Congress Must Fulfill Its Responsibility". durbin.senate.gov (Press release). January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
60. ^

* Cheney, Kyle (December 31, 2020). "'Institutional arsonist members of Congress': Sasse rips GOP lawmakers challenging 2020 results". Politico. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
* Blitzer, Ronn (December 31, 2020). "Sasse slams 'institutional arsonist members of Congress' who plan Electoral College objection". Fox News. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
* Egan, Lauren (December 31, 2020). "'Playing with fire': GOP Sen. Ben Sasse tears into Republicans planning to object to Electoral College results". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
* Jalonick, Mary Clare; Mascaro, Lisa (December 31, 2020). "GOP senator rebukes 'dangerous ploy' to fight Biden victory". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.

61. ^ Sneve, Joe (January 1, 2021). "Trump again attacks Thune via Twitter, Noem repeats she won't challenge for Senate seat". Sioux Falls Argus Leader. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
62. ^ Shaw, Adam (December 19, 2020). "Trump promises 'wild' protest in Washington DC on Jan. 6, claims it's 'impossible' he lost". Fox News. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
63. ^ Editorial Board (December 30, 2020). "Trump is inciting chaos on Jan. 6, both in and outside the Capitol". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
64. ^ a b Jackson, David; Brown, Matthew (January 2, 2021). "'Wild' protests: Police brace for pro-Trump rallies when Congress meets Jan. 6 to certify Biden's win". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
65. ^ Hermann, Peter; Weil, Martin (January 4, 2021). "Proud Boys leader arrested in the burning of Black Lives Matter banner, D.C. police say". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
66. ^ Hirsch, Lauren (January 11, 2021). "Banks Halt Political Donations After Pro-Trump Mob Storms Capitol: Live Updates". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
67. ^ Legum, Judd (January 10, 2021). "Major corporations say they will stop donating to members of Congress who tried to overturn the election". popular.info. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
68. ^ "Read Pence's full letter saying he can't claim 'unilateral authority' to reject electoral votes". PBS NewsHour. Associated Press. January 6, 2021. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
69. ^ Swanson, Ian (January 6, 2021). "LIVE COVERAGE: GOP objects to Arizona; McConnell rebukes efforts to overturn Electoral College". TheHill. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
70. ^ Fandos, Nicholas; Cochrane, Emily; Sullivan, Eileen; Thrush, Glenn; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan (January 6, 2021). "Pence and lawmakers evacuated as protesters storm the Capitol, halting Congress's counting of electoral votes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
71. ^ Pramuk, Jacob; Macias, Amanda (January 6, 2021). "National Guard heads to the Capitol to tamp down pro-Trump insurrection". CNBC. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
72. ^ Wilson, Kristin (January 6, 2021). "US Capitol building is now secure, Sergeant-at-Arms says". CNN. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021.
73. ^ Woodward, Alex (January 7, 2021). "A timeline of insurrection: What happened in Washington DC". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
74. ^ a b Serfaty, Sunlen; Cole, Devan; Rogers, Alex (January 9, 2021). "As riot raged at Capitol, Trump tried to call senators to overturn election". CNN. Archived from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
75. ^ Raju, Manu (January 6, 2021). "Senate rejects objection to Arizona electoral vote". CNN. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
76. ^ Vales, Leinz (January 6, 2021). "Riot at Capitol building was "beyond awful," former GOP Sen. Jeff Flake says". CNN. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
77. ^ a b c d "Roll Call 10". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. January 6, 2021. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
78. ^ Wilson, Kristin (January 6, 2021). "Rejection of GOP objection to Georgia's electoral results draws applause in Congress". CNN. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
79. ^ "GOP bid to object to Michigan's electoral result fails". CNN. January 6, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
80. ^ "GOP objection to Nevada's electoral results rejected due to senator not joining their effort". CNN. January 6, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
81. ^ Lowry, Bryan (January 7, 2021). "Kansas congressman tests positive for COVID-19 after House vote on Biden's electors". Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021.
82. ^ "GOP objection to Pennsylvania's electoral results is now under deliberation". CNN. January 6, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
83. ^ "These 7 senators voted to sustain the objection against Pennsylvania's electoral votes". CNN. January 6, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
84. ^ Wilson, Kristin; Diaz, Daniella (January 7, 2021). "2 House members confronted each other during the Pennsylvania objection debate. Here's what happened". CNN. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021.
85. ^ "Tempers flare as House debates PA electoral vote". WOAI-TV. Associated Press. January 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021.
86. ^ Wilson, Kristin (January 6, 2021). "The House just rejected an objection to Pennsylvania's electoral vote". CNN. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
87. ^ a b c d "Roll Call 11". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. January 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
88. ^ Yourish, Karen; Buchanan, Larry; Lu, Denise (January 7, 2021). "The 147 Republicans Who Voted to Overturn Election Results". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
89. ^ "The Latest: Trump promises 'orderly transition' on Jan. 20". Associated Press. January 6, 2021. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
90. ^ "Congress affirms Biden's Electoral College victory". CNN. January 6, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
91. ^ Vetterkind, Riley (January 8, 2021). "Scott Fitzgerald, Tom Tiffany sole Republicans from Wisconsin to object to Joe Biden certification". madison.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
92. ^ Mangan, Dan; Pramuk, Jacob; Breuninger, Kevin (January 7, 2021). "Congress confirms Biden election as president, morning after Trump-fueled mob invades Capitol". CNBC. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
93. ^ Welch, Matt (January 8, 2021). "Amash's Successor Peter Meijer: Trump's Deceptions Are 'Rankly Unfit' – Reason.com". Reason. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
94. ^ Meijer, Peter (January 9, 2021). "Rep. Meijer: I experienced the heinous assault on Capitol; now, time to face reality". Detroit News. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
95. ^ Summers, Juana (January 7, 2021). "Congress Certifies Biden Victory; Trump Pledges 'Orderly Transition' On Jan. 20". National Public Radio.
96. ^ "On the Objection (Shall the Objection Submitted by the Gentleman from Arizona, Mr. Gosar, and the Senator from Texas, Mr. Cruz, and Others Be Sustained?)". United States Senate. January 6, 2021. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
97. ^ "On the Objection (Shall the Objection Submitted by the Gentleman from Pennsylvania, Mr. Perry, and the Senator from Missouri, Mr. Hawley, Be Sustained?)". United States Senate. January 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
98. ^ Benchaabane, Nassim (January 12, 2021). "Bush files resolution to expel Republican lawmakers who objected to election results". St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
99. ^ "Senate passes Electoral Count Act overhaul in response to Jan. 6 attack". The Washington Post.
100. ^ Cochrane, Emily (December 23, 2022). "House Clears $1.7 Trillion Spending Package, Averting Shutdown". The New York Times.
101. ^ "ELECTORAL COUNT REFORM ACT OF 2022" (PDF). Senator Susan Collins.

* v
* t
* e

January 6 United States Capitol attack

Background|

| U.S. Capitol|

* United States Capitol Police
* Harry Dunn
* Michael Fanone
* Eugene Goodman
* Steven Sund
* Yogananda Pittman
* Timeline of prior security incidents

|

Election|

* 2020–21 presidential election protests
* 2021 Electoral College vote count
* Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election
* Trump fake electors plot
* Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud

Other|

* Predictions of violence
* 1776 Returns

Events|

* Planning
* Timeline of attack
* Law enforcement response
* killing of Ashli Babbitt
* Death of Brian Sicknick

Participants|

| Proud Boys|

* Enrique Tarrio
* Joe Biggs
* Ethan Nordean
* Dominic Pezzola

|

Oath Keepers|

* Stewart Rhodes
* Kelly Meggs
* Jeremy Bertino
* Ray Epps
* Roberto Minuta
* Jessica Marie Watkins

Others|

* Richard Barnett
* Jacob Chansley
* Derrick Evans
* Nick Fuentes
* Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet
* Simone Gold
* Couy Griffin
* Alan Hostetter
* Adam Christian Johnson
* Jay Johnston
* Klete Keller
* Carol Kicinski
* Kevin James Lyons
* Doug Mastriano
* Jaden McNeil
* Evan Neumann
* Nicholas Ochs
* Rachel Powell
* Chaya "Libs of TikTok" Raichik
* Guy Reffitt
* Dana Rohrabacher
* Rick Saccone
* Ryan Samsel
* Ronald Sandlin
* Jon Schaffer
* Kevin Seefried
* Owen Shroyer
* Peter Francis Stager
* Brandon Straka
* John Earle Sullivan‎‎
* Christopher John Worrell

Aftermath|

* 2021 U.S. inauguration week protests
* Companies that halted political contributions
* Reactions
* domestic
* international
* Second impeachment of Donald Trump
* trial
* Suicides
* Howard Liebengood
* Jeffrey L. Smith
* Proceedings
* Justice Department investigation
* January 6 commission
* House Select Committee
* criminal proceedings
* list
* Fischer v. United States
* public hearings
* Thompson v. Trump
* Smith special counsel investigation
* Federal prosecution of Donald Trump
* Trump v. United States
* Justice for J6 rally
* 2021 Facebook company files leak
* Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump
* Trump v. Anderson

Related|

* Alex Jones
* Ali Alexander
* Kathy Barnette
* Boogaloo movement
* Jericho March
* Groypers
* QAnon
* Rudy Giuliani
* Sedition Caucus
* Social media use by Donald Trump
* Three Percenters
* Trumpism
* Day of Rage: How Trump Supporters Took the U.S. Capitol (2021)
* Four Hours at the Capitol (2021)
* This Place Rules (2022)
* "Justice for All" (2023)
* A Storm Foretold (2023)
* The Sixth (2024)
* Democratic backsliding in the United States
* Cincinnati FBI field office attack

* v
* t
* e

(← 2016) 2020 United States presidential election (2024 →)

Joe Biden, Kamala Harris (D), 306 electoral votes; Donald Trump, Mike Pence (R), 232 electoral votes

* 2020 United States elections
* Polls
* national
* state
* Predictions
* Timeline
* Debates
* Postal voting
* Social media
* Fundraising
* Electors
* Electoral College vote count
* Transition
* inauguration

| Democratic Party
▌IPO · ▌WFP|

* Primaries
* Candidates
* Debates
* Forums
* Results
* Convention (automatic delegates)
* Polls (national · state)
* Positions
* Endorsements
* VP candidate selection
* Unity Task Forces

Candidates|

* Nominee: Joe Biden
* campaign
* endorsements
* celebrity
* organizations
* Congress
* state & territorial officials
* municipal officials
* positions
* VP nominee: Kamala Harris
* positions

Withdrew during primaries
Michael Bennet
Michael Bloomberg

campaign
endorsements
positions
Pete Buttigieg

campaign
endorsements
positions
Tulsi Gabbard

campaign
positions
Amy Klobuchar

campaign
endorsements
positions
Deval Patrick
Bernie Sanders

campaign
endorsements
positions
media coverage
Tom Steyer
Elizabeth Warren

campaign
endorsements
positions
Andrew Yang

campaign
endorsements

Withdrew before primaries
Cory Booker

campaign
endorsements
positions
Steve Bullock
Julian Castro
Bill de Blasio
John Delaney

campaign
positions
Kirsten Gillibrand

positions
Ben Gleib
Mike Gravel

campaign
Kamala Harris

campaign
endorsements
positions
John Hickenlooper
Jay Inslee

campaign
Wayne Messam
Seth Moulton
Richard Ojeda
Beto O'Rourke

campaign
Tim Ryan
Joe Sestak
Eric Swalwell
Marianne Williamson

campaign

Republican Party
▌CPNYS · ▌RTLP|

* Primaries
* Results
* Debates
* Convention
* Polls

Candidates|

Incumbent nominee
Donald Trump

campaign
endorsements

political
non-political
positions
GOP opposition
GOP reactions to fraud claims
Incumbent VP nominee: Mike Pence

Withdrew during primaries
Rocky De La Fuente
Bob Ely
Jack Fellure
Zoltan Istvan
Joe Walsh

campaign
Bill Weld

campaign

Withdrew before primaries
Mark Sanford

campaign

Libertarian Party|

* Primaries
* Results
* Convention

Candidates|

Nominee
Jo Jorgensen

campaign
endorsements
VP nominee: Spike Cohen

Eliminated in balloting
Jim Gray
Adam Kokesh
John McAfee
John Monds
Vermin Supreme

campaign

Withdrew before or during primaries
Max Abramson
Lincoln Chafee
Zoltan Istvan

Formed exploratory committee but did not run
Justin Amash

Green Party
▌LMN · ▌SA · ▌SPUSA|

* Primaries
* Results
* Debates
* Convention

Candidates|

* Nominee: Howie Hawkins
* campaign
* endorsements
* VP nominee: Angela Walker

Withdrew during primaries
Dario Hunter

Other candidates
Jesse Ventura

Constitution Party|

* Primaries
* Nominee: Don Blankenship

Other third-party candidates

Alliance Party
▌AIP · ▌Reform|

* Nominee: Rocky De La Fuente
* VP nominee: Darcy Richardson
* AIP VP nominee: Kanye West

Other candidates
Max Abramson
Phil Collins

American Solidarity Party|

* Nominee: Brian T. Carroll

Other candidates
Joe Schriner

Birthday Party|

* Nominee: Kanye West
* campaign
* positions

Bread and Roses|

* Nominee: Jerome Segal

Party for Socialism & Liberation
▌LUP · ▌PFP|

* Nominee: Gloria La Riva
* VP nominee: Leonard Peltier (withdrew)

* Other candidates: Howie Hawkins

Progressive Party|

* Nominee: Dario Hunter

Prohibition Party|

* Nominee: Phil Collins

Socialist Action|

* Nominee: Jeff Mackler

Socialist Equality Party|

* Nominee: Joseph Kishore

Socialist Workers Party|

* Nominee: Alyson Kennedy

Independent candidates|

Declared
Pete Accetturo
Mark Charles
Brock Pierce (▌IPNY nominee)
Jade Simmons
Joe Schriner

Withdrew
Perry Caravello
Jeremy Gable

Disputes

Attempts to overturn|

* Protests
* during inauguration week
* U.S. Capitol attack
* timeline
* aftermath
* second impeachment of Donald Trump
* trial
* January 6 commission
* reactions
* domestic
* international
* Trump fake electors plot
* Arizona
* Georgia
* Michigan
* Trump–Raffensperger phone call
* Eastman memos

Lawsuits|

* Filed before Election Day
* Filed during or after Election Day
* Arizona
* Georgia
* Michigan
* Nevada
* Pennsylvania
* Wisconsin
* Texas v. Pennsylvania
* Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference

Controversies|

* Russian interference
* Voting restrictions

* v
* t
* e

Second impeachment and impeachment trial of Donald Trump

Background|

* Efforts to impeach Donald Trump
* Resolutions
* January 6 United States Capitol attack
* Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election
* Trump–Raffensperger phone call
* Trump fake electors plot
* Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud
* 2020–21 United States election protests
* 2021 United States Electoral College vote count

Impeachment trial|

Presiding officer:

* Patrick Leahy

House managers:

* Jamie Raskin lead manager
* Diana DeGette
* David Cicilline
* Joaquin Castro
* Eric Swalwell
* Ted Lieu
* Stacey Plaskett
* Joe Neguse
* Madeleine Dean

President's counsel:

* William J. Brennan
* Bruce Castor
* Michael van der Veen
* David Schoen

Other|

* Proposed expungement

* v
* t
* e

Donald Trump

* 45th President of the United States (2017–2021)

Life and
politics|

* Business career
* The Trump Organization
* legal affairs
* business projects in Russia
* links between business partners and Russian government officials
* wealth
* tax returns
* Trump Media & Technology Group
* Media career
* The Apprentice
* American football
* Golf
* Honors and awards
* Political positions
* Trumpism
* Rhetoric
* 2021 CPAC speech
* Endorsements
* False or misleading statements
* Protests
* timeline
* Racial views
* Pre-presidential security incidents
* Las Vegas rally incident
* Assassination attempt
* Raised-fist photographs

Family|

* Ivana Trump (first wife)
* Marla Maples (second wife)
* Melania Trump (third wife)
* Donald Trump Jr. (son)
* Ivanka Trump (daughter)
* Eric Trump (son)
* Tiffany Trump (daughter)
* Fred Trump (father)
* Mary Anne MacLeod Trump (mother)
* Maryanne Trump Barry (sister)
* Fred Trump Jr. (brother)
* Robert Trump (brother)
* Frederick Trump (grandfather)
* Elizabeth Christ Trump (grandmother)
* Jared Kushner (son-in-law)
* Lara Trump (daughter-in-law)
* Vanessa Trump (former daughter-in-law)
* Blaine Trump (former sister-in-law)
* Amalija Knavs (mother-in-law)
* John G. Trump (uncle)
* Mary L. Trump (niece)
* Frederick Crist Trump III (nephew)
* John Whitney Walter (cousin)

Books|

* Trump: The Art of the Deal (1987)
* Trump: Surviving at the Top (1990)
* Trump: The Art of the Comeback (1997)
* The America We Deserve (2000)
* Trump: How to Get Rich (2004)
* The Way to the Top (2004)
* Trump 101 (2006)
* Why We Want You to Be Rich (2006)
* Think Big and Kick Ass (2007)
* Time to Get Tough (2011)
* Midas Touch (2011)
* Crippled America (2015)

Campaigns|

* 2000 presidential campaign
* 2016 presidential campaign
* announcement
* "Make America Great Again"
* rallies
* links between campaign officials and Russian government officials
* Crossfire Hurricane
* 2016 Republican primaries
* endorsements
* debates
* running mate selection
* convention
* 2016 general election
* endorsements
* debates
* reactions
* Republican opposition
* Never Trump movement
* 2016
* Mitt Romney speech
* 2020
* 2024
* Sexual misconduct allegations
* Access Hollywood recording
* 2020 presidential campaign
* rallies
* 2020 Tulsa rally
* 2020 Republican primaries
* convention
* 2020 general election
* political endorsements
* non-political endorsements
* debates
* attempts to overturn
* Republican reactions to Trump's election fraud claims
* 2024 presidential campaign
* rallies
* 2024 Republican primaries
* endorsements
* debates
* running mate selection
* convention
* 2024 general election
* eligibility
* endorsements
* debates
* Trump Bible
* "God Bless the U.S.A." (campaign song)

Post-presidential
legal affairs|

* FBI investigation into handling of government documents
* FBI search of Mar-a-Lago
* New York investigations of The Trump Organization
* Stormy Daniels scandal
* civil
* criminal
* Carroll v. Trump
* Trump v. United States (2022)
* State prosecutions
* Georgia
* New York
* Smith special counsel investigation
* Federal prosecution
* classified documents case
* election obstruction case
* Trump mug shot
* Trump v. United States (2024)

Related|

* Family
* Foundation
* In popular culture
* filmography
* in music
* SNL parodies
* Residences
* 85-15 Wareham Place
* Trump Tower
* Trump Tower penthouse of Donald Trump
* Bedminster
* Mar-a-Lago
* The Visionary
* Social media
* Media use
* Conflict
* Wiretapping allegations
* Real News Update
* Covfefe
* Donald J. Trump State Park
* Nicknames used
* Trump Force One
* Trump derangement syndrome
* Fort Trump
* Trumpism
* Bikers for Trump
* Women for Trump
* Blacks for Trump
* Black Voices for Trump
* Gays for Trump
* pseudonyms
* Wikipedia coverage

* ← Barack Obama
* Joe Biden →

* * *

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Presidency of Donald Trump (2017–2021)

Tenure|

* Transition
* Inauguration
* speech
* Opinion polling
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* Social media
* 2018 midterm elections
* Government shutdowns
* January 2018
* 2018–2019
* Executive actions
* executive orders
* proclamations
* State funeral of George H. W. Bush
* State funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsberg
* Executive clemency
* pardon of Joe Arpaio
* Travel bans
* reactions
* legal challenges
* protests
* replacement
* Trump wall
* Executive Order 13767
* Family separation policy
* Migrant detentions
* Operation Faithful Patriot
* Stormy Daniels scandal
* Anonymous senior official op-ed
* Relations with Israel
* Jerusalem recognition
* Golan Heights recognition
* Peace plan
* Abraham Accords
* UAE
* Bahrain
* Sudan
* Morocco
* Kosovo–Serbia agreement
* North Korea crisis
* peace process
* Singapore summit
* Hanoi summit
* DMZ summit
* Trump–Ukraine scandal
* Relations with Russia
* Helsinki summit
* Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials
* Russian bounty program
* Farmer bailouts
* Saudi Arabia arms deal
* Syria strikes
* 2017
* 2018
* Proposed invasion of Venezuela
* Taiwan call
* Withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal
* Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
* Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
* Afghanistan withdrawal
* COVID-19 pandemic response
* Communication
* White House COVID-19 outbreak
* Political interference with science agencies
* Federal government data breach
* Crossfire Hurricane
* Classified information disclosures
* Mueller special counsel investigation
* Durham special counsel investigation
* Legal affairs
* Impeachments
* efforts
* resolutions
* impeachment inquiry
* first impeachment
* first trial
* second impeachment
* second trial
* proposed expungements
* Photo op at St. John's Church
* 2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration
* National Garden of American Heroes
* Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election
* Stop the Steal
* January 6 United States Capitol attack
* timeline
* aftermath
* continued protests
* domestic reactions
* international reactions
* Presidential Library
* Judicial appointments
* Gorsuch
* Kavanaugh
* Barrett
* Supreme Court candidates
* controversies
* Biden transition

Timeline|

* First 100 days
* 2017
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2018
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2019
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* 2020
* Q1
* Q2
* Q3
* Q4
* January 2021
* Trips
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020–2021
* international
* by Rex Tillerson
* by Mike Pompeo
* Riyadh summit
* Singapore summit
* Helsinki summit
* Hanoi summit
* DMZ summit

| Speeches|

* Joint session of Congress (2017)
* Warsaw speech (2017)
* National Scout Jamboree (2017)
* 2018 SOTU Address
* 2019 Oval Office address
* 2019 SOTU Address
* 2020 SOTU Address
* 2020 Oval Office address
* Farewell address (2021)

|

Policies|

* Economy
* tax cuts
* tariffs
* China trade war
* USMCA
* Environment
* Paris Agreement withdrawal
* America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018
* Foreign policy
* as candidate
* as President
* America First
* Immigration
* Infrastructure
* Racial views
* Social issues
* cannabis
* Space policy

Personnel|

* Cabinet
* formation
* Ambassadors
* Attorneys
* Economic advisors
* Withdrawn appointees
* Short-tenure appointees
* Dismissals and resignations
* attorneys
* Comey
* inspectors general

* ← Obama administration
* Biden administration →

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[EV]: Electoral vote