2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Award

Award

The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

"for his research in the field of genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution"

Date| 3 October 2022 (2022-10-03)
Location| Stockholm
Country| Sweden
Presented by| Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet
Hosted by| Thomas Perlmann
Reward(s)| 9 million SEK (2017)[1]
First award| 1901
2022 laureate| Svante Pääbo
Website| 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
| <- 2021 · | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine | · 2023 ->

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The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to the Swedish geneticist Svante Pääbo (born 1955) "for his research in the field of genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution".[2][3][4] It was announced by Thomas Perlmann, secretary of the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, on 3 October 2022.[5][6][7][8]

## Laureate

[edit]

Main article: Svante Pääbo

Svante Pääbo was born 1955 in Stockholm, Sweden. He completed his doctoral studies at Uppsala University in 1986, served as a postdoctoral associate at the University of Zürich, in Switzerland, and University of California, Berkeley in the United States, and joined the faculty at the University of Munich in Germany in 1990. He established the Leipzig, Germany-based Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in 1999, where he continues to be involved. He is also an adjunct professor at Japan's Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology. He was the recipient of numerous prizes including Gruber Prize in Genetics in 2013, Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences in 2016, and the Princess of Asturias Award in 2018.

## Nobel Committee

[edit]

The committee members are elected for a period of three years. In assessing the qualifications of the candidates, the committee is assisted by specially appointed expert advisers.[9] The following medical experts were the members of the 2022 Nobel Committee:

* Nils-Göran Larsson, professor of mitochondrial genetics; chair
* Thomas Perlmann, professor of molecular development biology; secretary
* Olle Kämpe, professor of endocrinology
* Gunilla Karlsson-Hedestam, professor of immunology
* Sten Linnarsson, professor of molecular systems biology
* Per Svenningsson, professor of neurology

## Key publications

[edit]

The following publications were the fundamental researches that motivated the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet to award the 2022 Prize to Pääbo:[10]

* Krings M, Stone A, Schmitz RW, Krainitzki H, Stoneking M, Pääbo S. Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans. Cell. 1997:90:19-30.
* Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Kircher M, Patterson N, Li H, Zhai W, Fritz MH, Hansen NF, Durand EY, Malaspinas AS, Jensen JD, Marques-Bonet T, Alkan C, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Burbano HA, Good JM, Schultz R, Aximu-Petri A, Butthof A, Höber B, Höffner B, Siegemund M, Weihmann A, Nusbaum C, Lander ES, Russ C, Novod N, Affourtit J, Egholm M, Verna C, Rudan P, Brajkovic D, Kucan Ž, Gušic I, Doronichev VB, Golovanova LV, Lalueza-Fox C, de la Rasilla M, Fortea J, Rosas A, Schmitz RW, Johnson PLF, Eichler EE, Falush D, Birney E, Mullikin JC, Slatkin M, Nielsen R, Kelso J, Lachmann M, Reich D, Pääbo S. A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome. Science. 2010:328:710-722.
* Krause J, Fu Q, Good JM, Viola B, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Pääbo S. The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia. Nature. 2010:464:894-897.
* Reich D, Green RE, Kircher M, Krause J, Patterson N, Durand EY, Viola B, Briggs AW, Stenzel U, Johnson PL, Maricic T, Good JM, Marques-Bonet T, Alkan C, Fu Q, Mallick S, Li H, Meyer M, Eichler EE, Stoneking M, Richards M, Talamo S, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Hublin JJ, Kelso J, Slatkin M, Pääbo S. Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia. Nature. 2010:468:1053-1060.
* Meyer M, Kircher M, Gansauge MT, Li H, Racimo F, Mallick S, Schraiber JG, Jay F, Prüfer K, de Filippo C, Sudmant PH, Alkan C, Fu Q, Do R, Rohland N, Tandon A, Siebauer M, Green RE, Bryc K, Briggs AW, Stenzel U, Dabney J, Shendure J, Kitzman J, Hammer MF, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Patterson N, Andrés AM, Eichler EE, Slatkin M, Reich D, Kelso J, Pääbo S. A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual. Science. 2012:338:222-226.
* Prüfer K, Racimo F, Patterson N, Jay F, Sankararaman S, Sawyer S, Heinze A, Renaud G, Sudmant PH, de Filippo C, Li H, Mallick S, Dannemann M, Fu Q, Kircher M, Kuhlwilm M, Lachmann M, Meyer M, Ongyerth M, Siebauer M, Theunert C, Tandon A, Moorjani P, Pickrell J, Mullikin JC, Vohr SH, Green RE, Hellmann I, Johnson PL, Blanche H, Cann H, Kitzman JO, Shendure J, Eichler EE, Lein ES, Bakken TE, Golovanova LV, Doronichev VB, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Viola B, Slatkin M, Reich D, Kelso J, Pääbo S. The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains. Nature. 2014:505: 43-49.

## References

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1. ^ "Nobel Prize amount is raised by SEK 1 million". Nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
2. ^ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022 Archived 2022-10-03 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org
3. ^ "Nobel prize in physiology or medicine awarded to Swedish geneticist". The Guardian. 3 October 2022. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
4. ^ Benjamin Mueller (3 October 2022). "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Is Awarded to Svante Pääbo". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
5. ^ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022 Archived 2019-06-11 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org
6. ^ Laura O'Callaghan (3 October 2022). "Nobel Prize for Medicine awarded to Svante Paabo for discoveries on Neanderthal genome". The National News. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
7. ^ "Svante Paabo wins 2022 Nobel Prize in Medicine". Reuters. 3 October 2022. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
8. ^ Kati Pohjanpalo (3 October 2022). "Scientist Svante Paabo Wins Nobel in Physiology for Human Evolution". Bloomberg. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
9. ^ The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine nobelprize.org
10. ^ Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022 Archived 2022-10-03 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org

## External links

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* Official website of the Nobel Foundation

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* 2001: Leland H. Hartwell / Tim Hunt / Paul Nurse
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* 2004: Richard Axel / Linda B. Buck
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* 2007: Mario Capecchi / Martin Evans / Oliver Smithies
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* 2009: Elizabeth Blackburn / Carol W. Greider / Jack W. Szostak
* 2010: Robert G. Edwards
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* 2012: John Gurdon / Shinya Yamanaka
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* 2022: Svante Pääbo
* 2023: Katalin Karikó / Drew Weissman
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Chemistry|

* Carolyn Bertozzi (United States)
* Morten P. Meldal (Denmark)
* Karl Barry Sharpless (United States)

Literature (2022)|

* Annie Ernaux (France)

Peace (2022)|

* Ales Bialiatski (Belarus)
* Memorial (Russia)
* Center for Civil Liberties (Ukraine)

Physics|

* Alain Aspect (France)
* John Clauser (United States)
* Anton Zeilinger (Austria)

Physiology or Medicine (2022)|

* Svante Pääbo (Sweden)

Economic Sciences (2022)|

* Ben Bernanke (United States)
* Douglas Diamond (United States)
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