2022 Russian mobilization

2022 Russian mobilisation

Mobilised Russian recruits in Sevastopol

Native name|  Частичная мобилизация в России (Chastichnaya mobilizatsiya v Rossii)
Date| 21 September 2022 – present[1][a]
Location| Russia
Cause| Russian invasion of Ukraine

* Ukrainian counteroffensives in Russian-occupied Kharkiv and Kherson oblasts[2]
* Annexation of Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine[citation needed]
* Heavy casualties during the Russian invasion of Ukraine[2]
* Lack of manpower (especially infantrymen), in comparison to the fully-mobilized Ukrainian Military

Organised by| Russian Ministry of Defense
Mobilization plan|

* ≈300,000 people (according to the Ministry of Defense)
* Clause No. 7, which details the exact number of people to be mobilized, is classified.[3]

* v
* t
* e

Russian invasion of Ukraine

Timeline

*     * February – April 2022
* April – August 2022
* August – November 2022
* November 2022 – June 2023
* June – August 2023
* September – November 2023
* December 2023 – March 2024
* April – July 2024
* August – December 2024
* January 2025 – present

* * *

* Prelude
* Casualties
* Territorial control
* map
* List of engagements
* War crimes
* Attacks on civilians
* Economic impact
* Peace negotiations
* Collaboration with Russia
* Russian emigration
* Nuclear risk
* Humanitarian impacts
* Russian annexation
* Treatment of prisoners of war

2022

Northern front

* Antonov Airport
* Chernobyl
* Hostomel
* Kyiv
* Kyiv strikes
* shopping centre bombing
* Russian Kyiv convoy
* Bucha
* massacre
* Irpin
* refugee column shelling
* Makariv
* Moshchun
* Kozarovytska Dam
* Brovary
* Slavutych
* Borodianka
* 1st Sumy
* ammonia leak
* Chernihiv
* Chernihiv strikes
* 3 March 2022 bombing
* 16 March 2022 breadline attack
* Lebedyn
* Northern Ukraine skirmishes
* Desna

* * *

Eastern front

* Mariupol
* hospital airstrike
* theatre airstrike
* art school bombing
* 1st Kharkiv
* Kharkiv strikes
* February cluster bombing
* government building airstrike
* March cluster bombing
* April cluster bombing
* dormitories missile strike
* Chuhuiv Air Base
* Volnovakha
* Izium
* massacre
* Stara Krasnianka
* Donetsk
* March 2022 attack
* June 2022 attack
* September 2022 attack
* Rubizhne
* Popasna
* Marinka
* Kramatorsk
* railway station attack
* Battle of Donbas
* Siverskyi Donets
* school bombing
* Sievierodonetsk
* Lysychansk
* Chasiv Yar strike
* Pisky
* Olenivka massacre
* Bakhmut
* Soledar
* Vuhledar
* Makiivka
* 2nd Kharkiv
* Kupiansk
* civilian convoy shelling
* 2nd Lyman
* Luhansk Oblast campaign
* Velyka Novosilka
* Russian winter offensive

* * *

Southern front

* 1st Kherson
* Kherson strikes
* Melitopol
* Mykolaiv
* bombing
* 7 March 2022 military quarters attack
* cluster bombing
* 18 March 2022 military quarters attack
* government building airstrike
* Chornobaivka
* Enerhodar
* Zaporizhzhia NPP
* Voznesensk
* Berdiansk
* Huliaipole
* Davydiv Brid
* Crimea
* Novofedorivka
* 1st Crimean Bridge
* 1st Sevastopol Naval Base
* 2nd Kherson
* Prelude
* Nova Kakhovka
* Liberation of Kherson
* Dnieper

* * *

Other regions

* Zaporizhzhia
* civilian convoy attack
* residential building airstrike
* Ivano-Frankivsk
* Kryvyi Rih
* Lviv
* Odesa
* Zhytomyr
* Rivne
* Vinnytsia
* Dnipro
* Yavoriv
* Khmelnytskyi
* Kremenchuk
* Serhiivka
* Chaplyne
* Strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure

* * *

Naval operations

* Snake Island
* Berdiansk
* Moskva

* * *

Spillover & related incidents

* Western Russia
* Millerovo
* Dyagilevo and Engels air bases
* 2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine
* Zeitenwende speech
* Zagreb Tu-141 crash
* Russian mystery fires
* Transnistria
* 2022 Russian mobilization
* Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
* 2022 Russian Far East protests
* Soloti training ground shooting
* Poland missile explosion
* 2022 Russian martial law
* Lady R incident

2023

Northern Ukraine skirmishes
* Kyiv strikes
* Chernihiv strikes

* * *

Eastern front

* Marinka
* Russian Winter Offensive
* Bakhmut
* Soledar
* Luhansk Oblast campaign
* Vuhledar
* Makiivka
* Kramatorsk strike
* Lyman cluster bombing
* Kostiantynivka
* Hroza
* Avdiivka
* Kharkiv strikes
* Velyka Novosilka

* * *

Southern front

* Huliaipole
* Dnieper
* Kakhovka Dam
* Crimea strikes
* 2nd Crimean Bridge
* 2nd Sevastopol Naval Base
* 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive (Mala Tokmachka)
* Zarichne
* Mykolaiv strikes
* Zaporizhzhia NPP

* * *

Other regions

* Sloviansk
* Uman
* Pokrovsk
* Zaporizhzhia
* Ivano-Frankivsk
* Kryvyi Rih
* Lviv
* Odesa
* Zhytomyr
* Rivne
* Vinnytsia
* Dnipro
* 14 January 2023 strikes
* 29 December 2023 strikes
* Khmelnytskyi
* Strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure

* * *

Spillover & related incidents

* Western Russia
* Bryansk Oblast
* Kremlin drone attack
* Belgorod Oblast incursion
* Moscow drone strikes
* 30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling
* Brovary helicopter crash
* Black Sea drone incident
* Synytsia

2024

Northern Ukraine skirmishes
* Kyiv strikes
* Chernihiv strikes

* * *

Eastern front

* Luhansk Oblast campaign
* Avdiivka
* Vuhledar
* Donetsk strike
* Lysychansk strike
* Chasiv Yar
* Krasnohorivka
* Ocheretyne
* 3rd Kharkiv
* Kharkiv strikes
* Toretsk
* Pokrovsk
* Pokrovsk strike
* Kurakhove
* Velyka Novosilka

* * *

Southern front

* Huliaipole
* Dnieper
* Kherson strikes
* Mykolaiv strikes
* Zaporizhzhia
* Zaporizhzhia NPP
* Crimea strikes
* Odesa
* Dnipro

* * *

Other regions

* Ivano-Frankivsk
* Poltava
* Kryvyi Rih
* Lviv
* 6 March strike
* Zhytomyr
* Rivne
* Vinnytsia
* Khmelnytskyi
* Strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure
* 22 March strikes
* 26 August strikes
* 17 November strikes

* * *

Ukrainian incursion

* Kursk offensive
* Olgovskiy Forest

* * *

Naval operations

* Tendra Spit

* * *

Spillover & related incidents

* Western Russia
* February 2024 Belgorod missile strike
* May 2024 Belgorod missile strike
* March 2024 western Russia incursion
* Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash
* Skadovsk polling center bombing
* June 2024 Ukraine peace conference
* 2024 Ukrainian coup attempt allegations
* 2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia
* Toropets explosions
* North Korean involvement
* Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243

2025

Northern Ukraine skirmishes

* 2nd Sumy
* Kyiv strikes
* Chernihiv strikes

* * *

Eastern front

* Luhansk Oblast campaign
* 3rd Kharkiv
* Chasiv Yar
* Toretsk
* Pokrovsk
* Kurakhove
* Velyka Novosilka

* * *

Southern front

* Dnipro

* * *

Other regions

* Kryvyi Rih
* Dobropillia
* Strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure

* * *

Ukrainian incursion

* Kursk offensive
* Operation Flow
* Belgorod incursion

* * *

Spillover & related incidents

* Western Russia
* North Korean involvement

* v
* t
* e

Russo-Ukrainian War (outline)

* Background

* Dissolution of the Soviet Union
* Russia–Ukraine relations
* Budapest Memorandum
* 2003 Tuzla Island conflict
* Orange Revolution
* 2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin
* Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
* Euromaidan
* Revolution of Dignity
* 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine (Odesa clashes)

* * *

* Major topics

* 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism
* Information war
* cyberwarfare
* ransomware
* cyberattacks
* Belarusian involvement
* International sanctions
* Media portrayal
* Foreign aid (military
* humanitarian)

* * *

* Crimean crisis
(Timeline)

* Little green men
* Krymnash

* Crimean Parliament
* Belbek Airport
* Southern Naval Base
* 2014 Simferopol
* 2014 Russian protests

* * *

* War in Donbas
(Timeline)

* Capture of Donetsk
* Sloviansk
* Kramatorsk
* Artemivsk
* Mariupol
* Sievierodonetsk
* Il-76 shootdown
* Zelenopillia rocket attack
* Karlivka
* 1st Donetsk Airport
* Luhansk Border Base
* Krasnyi Lyman
* Sector D clashes
* Raid of the 95th Brigade
* Shakhtarsk Raion
* Horlivka
* Yasynuvata
* Ilovaisk
* Novoazovsk
* 2nd Mariupol
* 2nd Donetsk Airport
* Debaltseve
* International recognition

Post-Minsk II conflict

* 2015
* Shyrokyne (2015)
* Marinka (2015)
* 2016
* Svitlodarsk (2016)
* 2017
* Avdiivka (2017)
* 2018
* Kerch Strait incident (2018)
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022

Attacks on civilians

* Sloviansk
* Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
* Novosvitlivka
* Volnovakha
* Donetsk
* Mariupol
* Kramatorsk
* Stanytsia Luhanska

* * *

* Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present) (Timeline)

* Prelude to invasion (Reactions)

Military engagements

* Northern Ukraine campaign
* Antonov Airport
* Kyiv
* Chernihiv
* Sumy
* Eastern Ukraine campaign
* Mariupol
* 1st Kharkiv
* Izium
* 2nd Kharkiv
* Donbas
* Sievierodonetsk
* Lysychansk
* Soledar
* Bakhmut
* Luhansk Oblast
* Marinka
* Avdiivka
* Pokrovsk
* Southern Ukraine campaign
* 1st Kherson
* Melitopol
* Mykolaiv
* Kherson counteroffensive
* 2nd Kherson

* 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive
* 2024 Kursk offensive

* Effects and aftermath

* Economic impact
* Peace negotiations
* Protests in occupied Ukraine
* War crimes
* Government and intergovernmental reactions
* Non-government reactions
* Protests
* Russian protests
* ICJ case
* Arrest warrants

Related

* Ukrainian resistance
* Belarusian and Russian partisan movement
* Zagreb Tu-141 crash
* Russian mystery fires
* Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
* Soloti training ground shooting
* Brovary helicopter crash
* Black Sea drone incident
* Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes
* Wagner Group rebellion
* Wagner Group plane crash
* Ukrainian coup attempt

On 21 September 2022, seven months into the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia declared a partial mobilization of military reservists. The decision was made a day after the announcement of the Russian annexation of the DPR, LPR, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia oblasts.[4][5]

The announcement of mobilization was seen as a significant escalation of Russia's military efforts in the war with Ukraine. Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu announced that Russia had a "huge mobilization reserve" and planned to mobilize 300,000 recruits.[6] The precise details of the mobilization plans are currently unclear, however, as the exact number of people to be mobilized is classified.[7]

On 28 October, Shoigu told Russian president Vladimir Putin that mobilization had been completed, which was followed an announcement by Putin of its completion.[8][9] However, it has been speculated that mobilization will only end after Putin signs a relevant decree, and that covert mobilization would still occur. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov refuted this claim, but as of late December numerous military analysts and media outlets maintain that mobilization continues to take place in Russia.[10][11] On 18 May 2023, the Plenary of the Supreme Court of Russia issued the Ruling No. 11 "On the practice of consideration by the courts of criminal cases for crimes against military service", in paragraph 2 of which it was noted that the period of mobilization (partial or general) begins from the date and time of the start of mobilization, which are established by the relevant decree of the President of the Russian Federation, and ends with the date and time of cancellation (termination) of mobilization. Thus, the court in fact confirmed that the mobilization was not completed, because the decree on its announcement was not canceled, and a separate decree on its termination was not issued.[12]

## Background

[edit]

According to The Moscow Times, Russian authorities had repeatedly rejected the possibility of mobilization at least 15 times prior to the announcement of partial mobilization.[13][14][15] For example, on 8 March, Vladimir Putin publicly promised that no reservists would be called upon to fight in Ukraine.[16][17]

Russia had previously avoided declaring mobilization in Ukraine until this point.[2] Previously, mobilizations were conducted in the Russian Empire during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904[18] and at the beginning of World War I in 1914. The Soviet Union mobilized its population and industry following the 1941 Nazi German invasion during World War II.[19]

### Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics

[edit]

Further information: Mobilization in Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics

Crimea, which Russia annexed in 2014, is shown in pink. Pink in the Donbas area represents areas held by the DPR/LPR separatists in September 2014 (cities in red)

On 19 February 2022, general mobilization began in the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics (DNR and LNR), which at that time were not recognized by any sovereign state, including Russia. Tens of thousands of local residents were forcibly mobilized for the war (according to one estimate, up to 140,000 people by mid-June 2022).[20][21][22]

The mobilization was accompanied by mass raids on men of military age. In the enterprises of the region, up to 80% of employees were called up, which led to shutdown of mines and public transport, as well as the paralysis of cities and public services. To avoid mobilization, residents hid or tried to illegally leave the republics.[21]

The mobilization revealed numerous problems of the armed forces of the DNR and LNR. Recruits without training and combat experience found themselves on the front lines without adequate supplies: the units lacked uniforms, weapons, food, and medicines. Human rights activists reported a huge death toll among mobilized recruits in clashes with the better-trained Ukrainian military – up to 30,000 as of August 2022.[21][22]

### Russia

[edit]

Distribution of mobilization summons for reservists began in April. The summons handed out did not indicate the purpose of the call-up. Presumably, they were sent out to invite men to military registration and enlistment offices, where they would draft contracts to take part in the mobilization of reserves.[23]

On 28 May, the Russian parliament amended their military call-up legislation, thereby removing the age limit for those wishing to enlist.[24]

After Ukrainian counteroffensives in September 2022, Putin came under increasing pressure from Russian ultra-nationalists and pro-war activists such as Igor Girkin and Alexander Kots, who called for full mobilization and all-out war against Ukraine.[25] Girkin said full mobilization in Russia was the "last chance" for victory.[26]

#### Russian losses

[edit]

See also: Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War

In September, Russian Defense Minister Shoigu announced that the Russian military had suffered 5,937 soldiers killed during the war, and that 90% of the wounded had returned to battle. Shoigu's statement was widely regarded to be misleading; as of 16 September, Russian forces had suffered at least 6,476 deaths confirmed by name, according to the BBC. Even this number was confirmed to be low; the list of losses provided by the BBC could be at least 40–60% less than the number of actual military dead buried in Russia, not to mention soldiers whose bodies were left in Ukraine or were deliberately marked as "missing in action".[27]

The BBC collected data on the deaths of more than a thousand elite military professionals, including more than 70 military pilots, more than 370 marines, hundreds of paratroopers, and more than 200 GRU special forces soldiers, of which one in four were an officer.[27] On 21 September, the General Staff of Ukraine gave a figure of 55,100 losses of Russian forces.[28]

On 12 October, citing sources close to the Kremlin, the independent Russian media project iStories reported that more than 90,000 Russian soldiers had been killed, seriously wounded or gone missing in Ukraine.[29][30]

## Prelude

[edit]

### Volunteer recruitment campaign

[edit]

Even before the Kharkiv counteroffensive, the personnel situation in Russia was already considered critical, with personnel from other war zones, such as Syria and South Ossetia, begin redeployed to Ukraine to make up for the lack of manpower.[31][32]

Around June and July 2022, local authorities of the federal subjects of Russia were tasked with doing a recruitment campaign to form new military formations, in what was called a "covert mobilization".[33] Each federal subject was to form and send a "volunteer battalion". Volunteers were offered short-term contracts with a pay of 40,000 to 50,000 rubles that will increase to 130,000 rubles once they enter in Ukraine.[33][34] By August, the newly-mobilized volunteer units were grouped in the 3rd Army Corps.[35]

### Legislative changes

[edit]

On 20 September, the day before the mobilization, the State Duma of Russia unanimously adopted amendments to include the concepts of mobilization, martial law and wartime in the Criminal Code, and introduced several articles related to military operations. Now, during the period of mobilization, voluntary surrender was now punishable by a 10-year prison sentence; looting up to 15 years, and unauthorized abandonment of a military unit up to 10 years. Criminal liability was also introduced for reserve recruits who failed to show up for training, and desertion. The law also introduced punishment for failure to comply with an order, as well as for refusing to participate in hostilities and operations.[36][37]

Political scientist Ekaterina Schulmann noted that on the official portal of the State Duma, the bill was marked as adopted by both houses of parliament, signed by the president and published, although only the State Duma had voted for it at that moment.[38]

### Recruitment of prisoners

[edit]

Beginning in July 2022, Wagner PMC representatives began visiting Russian penal colonies. According to media sources, Wagner first began a recruiting tour from the colonies for former security forces, and then switched to high-security institutions. He invited the prisoners to take part in hostilities as part of his PMC in exchange for a pardon, removal of their criminal record, a Russian passport, and cash payments (100 thousand rubles per month, 5 million in case of death).[39] In September, a video appeared to confirm the recruitment of prisoners personally by Prigozhin, filmed in strict regime colony No. 6 in Mari El.[40][41]

The Russia Behind Bars foundation has collected reports about recruitment of prisoners – according to this data, 9,728 people have been recruited as of 14 September 2022.[42]

## Putin's speech

[edit]

After a delay in broadcasting[43] Vladimir Putin announces a partial mobilization in his address on the morning of 21 September. (Subtitled in English)

On 21 September, Vladimir Putin announced the mobilization in Russia in a pre-recorded speech which aired at 9:00 Moscow time. The speech followed the State Duma's amendments to the Criminal Code.[44] In his televised address, he said that Russia was at war with the "collective West," implicitly threatening the use of nuclear weapons.[45][46] He said that "in order to protect our motherland, its sovereignty and territorial integrity, and to ensure the safety of our people and people in the liberated territories", he decided to declare a "partial mobilization" of the Russian reserve force.[45] In his speech, Putin stated that the mobilization was suggested to him by the Ministry of Defense and General staff of the Armed Forces. Putin said that only citizens with prior military experience would be eligible for mobilization, and would receive the same conditions as contract soldiers.[47]

Putin accused the United States and European Union of "nuclear blackmail" against the Russian Federation, and recalled the presence of their own weapons. Putin reaffirmed his support for the annexation referendums in occupied Ukrainian territories, pointing to the referendums as a justification for Russia to mobilize.[44]

In his address to the Russian audience, Putin demonized the "Nazi" West and claimed that the Ukrainian government was sending soldiers to the front lines as "cannon fodder". Putin also claimed that the West was trying to divide Russia.[48] Despite the successful Ukrainian counteroffensive in the Kharkiv and Kherson regions, Putin maintained in his address that Russia's goals in Ukraine had not changed.[citation needed]

## Decree

[edit]

Shortly after Putin's speech, an official decree was published enacting the announced mobilization:[49][50]

1. Declare partial mobilization in the Russian Federation from 21 September 2022.
2. Сarry out the call-up of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service for mobilization in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Citizens of the Russian Federation called up for military service by mobilization have the status of military personnel serving in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation under a contract.
3. Establish that the level of pay for citizens of the Russian Federation called up for military service for mobilization into the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation corresponds to the level of pay for military personnel serving in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation under a contract.
4. Contracts for military service concluded by military personnel continue to be valid until the end of the period of partial mobilization, with the exception of cases of dismissal of military personnel from military service on the grounds established by this Decree.
5. Establish during the period of partial mobilization the following grounds for the dismissal from military service of military personnel undergoing military service under a contract, as well as citizens of the Russian Federation called up for military service for mobilization in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation:

1. by age – upon reaching the age limit for military service;
2. for health reasons – in connection with their recognition by the military medical commission as unfit for military service, with the exception of military personnel who have expressed a desire to continue military service in military positions that can be replaced by the specified military personnel;
3. in connection with the entry into force of a court verdict on the imposition of a sentence of imprisonment.

6. To the Government of the Russian Federation:

1. to finance activities for partial mobilization;
2. take the necessary measures to meet the needs of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies during the period of partial mobilization.

7. For official use only (classified)[51]
8. The highest officials of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation shall ensure the conscription of citizens for military service for mobilization in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the number and within the time limits determined by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for each constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
9. Grant citizens of the Russian Federation working in organizations of the military-industrial complex the right to deferment from conscription for military service for mobilization (for the period of work in these organizations). The categories of citizens of the Russian Federation who are granted the right to deferment and the procedure for granting it are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
10. This Decree shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.[5]

### Official publication and entry into force

[edit]

The first page of the Decree of the President of Russia of 21 September 2022 No. 647 "On the announcement of partial mobilization in the Russian Federation"

The Presidential Decree of 21 September 2022 No. 647 "On the announcement of partial mobilization in the Russian Federation" was published on the Official Internet Portal of Legal Information [ru] pravo.gov.ru on 21 September 2022.[49] Also the Decree was published on 22 September 2022 on the front page of the issue 223(8861) of the Rossiyskaya Gazeta.[50]

According to point 10 of the Decree, this Decree entered into force from the day of official publication (i.e. on 21 September 2022 when the Decree was published on the Official Internet Portal of Legal Information).

### Point 7

[edit]

Point number 7 of the decree is classified. In the public version of the decree posted on Russian government websites, point 7 was not available and was marked as "for official use."[52][53] Peskov told press that the classified clause referred to the number of reservists who could be called up for military service.[3]

The banned opposition newspaper Novaya Gazeta, operating in exile, reported on 22 September 2022, that the classified point 7 gives the Defense Department permission to mobilize up to one million men.[54][55] Putin's spokesperson Dmitry Peskov denied this, calling the reports "a lie."[3] On 23 September 2022, a source close to one of Russia's federal ministries told Meduza that 1.2 million people were going to be conscripted.[56][57] Peskov also denied this.[58]

## Organization

[edit]

### Text of decree

[edit]

The decree does not say that only reserve servicemen are subject to conscription.[59] It lists the grounds for dismissal from military service – age, state of health, court sentence to imprisonment.[59][5] Deferment from conscription is granted to employees of the military-industrial complex.[60]

The law on mobilization also limits citizens registered with the military from leaving the country:[61]

> Citizens who are registered with the military, from the moment of the announcement of mobilization, are prohibited from leaving their place of residence without the permission of military commissariats, federal executive bodies that have a reserve.

> — The paragraph 2 of the article 21 of the Federal Law of 26 February 1997 No. 31-FZ "About mobilization preparation and mobilization in the Russian Federation"

The State Duma deputies voted for the introduction of the concepts of "wartime" and "martial law" the day before the announcement of mobilization. Senators and deputies of the State Duma are not subject to mobilization.[62][63]

### Citizens to be mobilized

[edit]

Men at a recruiting station in Yalta, Russian-occupied Crimea

According to Putin's televised address, "only citizens who are currently in the reserve and, above all, those who served in the armed forces, have certain military specialties and relevant experience" would be subject to conscription.[6] According to Shoigu, 300,000 reservists were planned to be mobilized,[64] called from a pool of 25 million "potential fighters."[65] Conscripts would be sent for training or retraining, after which they would be sent to Ukraine.[6] Reservists may be banned from leaving Russia after receiving a summons.[66] The Institute for the Study of War estimated in March that Russia's reserve comprised over two million former conscripts or contract soldiers.[67][68]

Political scientist Ekaterina Schulmann noted that according to the text of Putin's decree on mobilization, "anyone can be called up, except for workers in the military-industrial complex." Lawyer and head of the human rights group Agora, Pavel Chikov, expressed doubts about the decree; stating that the Russian Ministry of Defense in fact would decide who, from where and what quantity of soldiers to send to war."[69]

Z symbol on a billboard reads Russian: За Путина, lit. 'For Putin'

On 22 September Ramzan Kadyrov, the head of Chechnya, stated that mobilization would not be carried out in the Chechen Republic. He explained this by saying the republic had already overfulfilled their duties for force generation.[70]

## Implementation

[edit]

The military commissars of some Russian regions forbade persons in the reserve to travel outside their districts of residence, and that those who had received a summons or received a mobilization order were obliged to appear at registration offices. Employers of persons who have received summons or have mobilization orders were also ordered to make settlements with such persons and ensure their appearance at said offices.[71]

Britain's Ministry of Defence stated that many new recruits were being deployed to the front lines in Ukraine without any training or proper equipment.[72] One conscripted soldier wrote in a social media post: "We were officially told there would be no training before going to the front. The regiment commander confirmed this information that on the (Sep.) 29th we will go to Kherson."[72] A Russian officer told a group of mobilized men in a video posted on social media: "You're all soldiers now. Three days here. A flight. And then two weeks of military training." According to retired U.S. General Ben Hodges, "It is criminal to send untrained soldiers into combat… it's murder. I doubt these men will survive very long."[73]

Mikhail Degtyarev, the governor of Khabarovsk Krai, said that "About half of [the mobilized men] we returned home as they did not meet the selection criteria for entering the military service."[74]

In a video published by the independent news website The Insider, recently mobilized Russian soldiers complained of "inhumane" conditions, weapons shortages and mistreatment by officers.[75] Ukraine's Ministry of Defense compared Russian soldiers' living conditions to the Netflix TV show Squid Game.[76] Zabaykalsky Krai Duma deputy Andrey Gurulev said that 1.5 million sets of uniforms had "disappeared" from the MoD.[77] The Governor of the Omsk Region Alexander Burkov said that his region had a budget deficit of 13 billion rubles and had no money for mobilized men.[78]

It was reported that Russian authorities were targeting poor, homeless and people from poorer regions of Russia for conscription.[79][80] Russian authorities drafted detained protestors with no previous military experience, including a 17-year-old boy who was arrested at an anti-war demonstration in Moscow.[81]

Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu, Deputy Defense Minister Yunus-bek Yevkurov and Moscow Mayor Sergey Sobyanin inspected the facilities where the mobilized Russian recruits are being trained on 1 October 2022

Some of the mobilized Russian men were killed less than two weeks after being drafted, including one man who was killed near the Ukrainian city of Lysychansk on 7 October, indicating that Russian men were being sent to the front without any basic military training, which ran contrary to Putin's promise that all mobilized civilians would receive proper training before being sent into combat.[82] Some of the draftees bought uniforms and boots themselves before being sent into combat, without even minimal training.[83]

Female doctors were mobilized for the war in Ukraine. According to Renata Zhiltsova, who received a summons from a military enlistment office in the Siberian city of Omsk, "I wasn't the only woman doctor whom they wanted to send to war. There are female gynecologists and dentists among my friends who were mobilized for the war. Some of them even had babies."[84]

### Dates

[edit]

The military commissar of the Kaliningrad Oblast, Colonel Yuriy Boychenko, publicly stated that mobilization summons will be distributed before the relevant presidential decree, indicating the ambiguity about the end of the mobilization period.[85]

In Omsk, the families of conscripts were told that there would be three waves of mobilization – from 26 September to 10 October, from 11 to 25 October, and from 26 October to 10 November. This was supported by an audio recording from a meeting from the military registration and enlistment office. Information about three waves of conscription was also confirmed from Krasnoyarsk Krai.[86] A Russian military expert speculated that a second wave might take place at the end of 2022.[87] However, on 11 October 2022, Yury Shvyktin, deputy head of the State Duma's defense committee, stated that mobilization would not be divided into phases, and that statements about first and second phases were "groundless".[88] On 12 October, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov also denied the existence of a second wave.[89]

On 28 October, the Russian Minister of Defense Sergei Shoigu reported to Russian President Vladimir Putin that no new events were planned within the framework of partial mobilization. Military registration and enlistment offices would continue to work with volunteers and contract soldiers.[90] It has been speculated that officially, mobilization will only end after Putin signs the relevant decree; Putin himself has questioned this point of view.[8] On 1 November 2022, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov stated that a decree was not needed to end mobilization.[10]

On 5 November, Putin signed a decree that allows people convicted of serious crimes to be mobilized into the Russian army. The exemption does not include people convicted of sex crimes involving minors and crimes against the state such as treason, spying or terrorism. This could allow "hundreds of thousands" of people to be mobilized. Putin also claimed that 18,000 more people have been mobilized over the goal of 300,000.[91]

On 14 April 2023, Putin signed into law a bill that would allow authorities to issue electronic summons to draftees.[92][93] The law blocks anyone eligible for military service who has received a digital summons from leaving the country.[94] Russian lawyer Valeria Vetoshkina called it a "hidden mobilization." According to Russian economist Konstantin Sonin, "Now, any person, regardless of whether he took a summons or not, [or] has an account with Gosuslugi or not, can be arrested and convicted for not going to war."[95] Russian lawyer and human rights activist Ivan Pavlov said that the "only option is to leave the country as soon as possible, but there is very little time for that."[96]

## Reactions

[edit]

### In Russia

[edit]

Mobilized Russian men armed with AKM rifles

On 22 September, Deputy Chairman of the Russian Security Council Dmitry Medvedev said that newly mobilized recruits could be used to protect the newly annexed territories in Russian-occupied Ukraine.[97]

Roskomnadzor demanded Russian media to write about mobilization using information "exclusively" from Russian government sources and threatened disobeying outlets with fines of up to 5 million rubles and blocking.[98]

Imprisoned Russian opposition politician Alexei Navalny said: "I don’t understand one thing. The army has a million people, Rosgvardia has 350,000 people, the Interior Ministry has another million and a half or two million people, and the Federal Penitentiary Service is full of people. Why are they drafting civilians?"[99]

In the Levada Center poll, conducted from 22–28 September, 47% of surveyed Russians said they had felt "anxiety, fear, and horror" following Vladimir Putin's announcement on 21 September. Another 23% said they had felt "shock," while 13% felt "anger and indignation" and 23% said they felt "pride for Russia."[100][101]

Bashkir activist Fail Alsynov called the mobilization a genocide of the Bashkir people.[102] There have been allegations that Russia is sending a disproportionate number of men from ethnic minorities to fight in Ukraine.[103]

Russian Field survey of 21–29 October 2023 showed that 58% of those polled opposed the second mobilization.[104] In May 2024, Kremlin sources told Reuters that Putin was ready to end the war in Ukraine with a negotiated ceasefire that would recognize Russia's war gains and freeze the war on current front lines, as Putin wanted to avoid unpopular steps such as further nationwide mobilization.[105]

According to the Russian independent website Astra, hundreds of Russian men who refused to fight in Ukraine were transported from a military facility near St. Petersburg to a war zone in the Kursk Oblast.[106]

#### Markets

[edit]

Russian markets reacted to the introduction of mobilization with a moderate collapse. By 10:43 Moscow Time, the MOEX Index had fallen by more than 4%, and the RTS Index by 5%.[107] After the opening of the exchange, the US dollar against the ruble rose to 62.61 rubles in less than two hours (+2.01 rubles by the close of trading on 20 September).[108]

#### Russian officials and their families

[edit]

The son of high-ranking Kremlin official Dmitry Peskov said he does not intend to obey a call-up to fight in Ukraine because he is "Mr. Peskov".[109]

Russians critical of the mobilizations have used social media and other electronic means to enquire en masse Russia's top officials and deputies, who supported the war and mobilization, whether they themselves or their sons would go to the front. There have been a few officials who intended to do so, but most either refused to answer or gave excuses, such as Alexey Mishustin (premier Mikhail Mishustin's son), ignored the citizens' questions (Moscow city council deputy Andrey Zyuganov, the grandson of Gennady Zyuganov) or blocked the person asking (Dmitry Rogozin).[110]

Nikolay Peskov, the son of Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov, told pranksters, who pretended to be recruitment officers, that he had no intention of going to war and would resolve the issue "on a different level."[111][109] It was seen as an example of nepotism in Russia.[109]

State Duma deputy Mikhail Matveyev, who opposed the invasion of Ukraine, suggested that Russian governors and lawmakers supporting war and mobilization should enlist in the army and go to fight in Ukraine.[25] Mikhail Degtyarev, the governor of the Khabarovsk region, said he would like to go to Ukraine as a volunteer, but could not because of his duties as governor. Residents of the region started a petition proposing to remove Degtyarev from the post of governor and send him to fight in Ukraine, which was signed by several tens of thousands of people.[25] Russian State Duma chairman Vyacheslav Volodin said that the State Duma would support deputies who want to enlist in the army and go to war in Ukraine.[110] Putin loyalist Dmitry Vyatkin, who authored a number of restrictive bills, said in a speech that deputies should not give up their mandate and go to fight at the front, because they have the duty and responsibility to take care of the citizens of Russia and solve domestic problems.[110]

Vladimir Solovyov, who had previously condemned young people for avoiding mobilization, defended his 21-year-old son against critics who asked why his son had not volunteered to fight in Ukraine.[112]

Yevgeny Prigozhin called members of the Russian parliament "useless" and said that the "deputies should go to the front", adding that "those people who have been talking from tribunes for years need to start doing something."[113]

Margarita Simonyan, the head of state broadcaster RT, complained why the "millions of security officers and guards" who are being used in Russia were not sent to the front.[114] Speaking of the chaotic mobilization and reports of old, disabled or otherwise unfit men getting called up into the army, Vladimir Solovyov, the host of the Russian State TV show Evening with Vladimir Solovyov, suggested that recruitment officers who call up the wrong people should either be shot or sent to the front to fight themselves.[115]

Russian opposition politician Emilia Slabunova, a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia, wrote a letter to President Vladimir Putin urging him to officially declare the end of mobilization. She wrote that absence of such a decree "affects the psychological state of society".[116]

In February 2023, Putin's leading propagandist Vladimir Solovyov defended his 21-year-old son Daniil against critics who asked why his son had not enlisted in the Russian army. Vladimir Solovyov had previously encouraged every able-bodied Russian man to volunteer for service and go fight in the war in Ukraine, and condemned young people who tried to avoid mobilization.[112]

#### Within the Russian military

[edit]

Residents of Russian-occupied Crimea mobilized for military service in Ukraine Mobilized Russian troops at a training facility on 1 October 2022

On 4 October 2022, a video appeared of a man in front of a group of soldiers from Omsk Oblast voicing concern to the military leadership, primarily about payment to support their families while they were away at war.[117][118]

On 16 November 2022, Vadim Boyko, a Colonel and director of Vladivostok's Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School who was responsible for mobilization efforts committed suicide by shooting himself in the chest five times in his office.[119] Afterwards his widow claimed he was depressed and threatened with charges for failing to meet his recruitment quotas.[120]

#### Help for army conscripts

[edit]

Numerous human rights and public organizations expressed their readiness to help mobilized Russians. Among them are Agora, Committee of Soldiers' Mothers, Conscript's School, Movement of Conscious Objectors from Military Service, Call to Conscience, Citizen and Army.[121][122][123][124]

#### Exodus of Russians

[edit]

Further information: Draft evasion § Russia / Soviet Union, Russian emigration following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and Fourth-wave Russian emigration

Russian citizens reportedly purchased plane tickets to other countries following the mobilization. Before the televised address of Russian President Vladimir Putin, all air tickets to Istanbul on 21 September, as well as almost all tickets to Yerevan, were sold.[47] Russia's Federal Security Service stated that 261,000 Russians had already left Russia as of 26 September.[125] On 6 October, the Kremlin denied reports that 700,000 Russians have fled the country since Putin announced the mobilization order.[126]

After the announcement of mobilization, many kilometers of traffic jams formed at Russia's borders with Kazakhstan, Georgia, Belarus, Finland and Mongolia:[127] along the Georgian border, vehicles were lined up for at least 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and near Kazakhstan, cars were abandoned as motorists fled.[128] Finland, Poland and the Baltic Countries announced they would not offer refuge to Russians fleeing mobilization.[129][130] Chair of the Senate of Kazakhstan Mäulen Äşimbaev announced that Kazakhstan would not issue permanent residence permits to Russian citizens evading mobilization without permission from the Russian government.[131] More than 200,000 Russian men fled to Kazakhstan.[72] In the first week after the announcement, Georgia took in the most refugees.[132] Two men fled Russia by boat, landing in the small town of Gambell, Alaska on 4 October and sought for asylum.[133]

On 27 September 2022, White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre encouraged Russian men trying to escape being called up to fight in Ukraine to apply for asylum in the United States.[134] In early 2023, the Biden administration resumed deportations of Russians who had fled Russia due to mobilization and political persecution.[135] Texas-based attorney Jennifer Scarborough said that "Fleeing the draft can actually be a valid claim for asylum. If we’re against this war [in Ukraine], then why are we saying that Russia has a right to conduct this draft and deport people to fight in this draft and to fight in Ukraine? I don’t understand how you put those two policies side by side."[136]

Russians heading to South Korea by boat in hopes of evading Putin's mobilization have been denied entry in most cases.[137]

In December 2022, Kazakhstan reportedly deported a Russian citizen, a former presidential guard, who fled mobilization; Kazakhstan denied his asylum claim in late November while human rights activists have said that the country's law on refugees allows him to stay in Kazakhstan while his lawyers appeal.[138] Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan agreed to share personal data of Russians fleeing mobilization and persecution with the Russian government.[139]

Russian independent media outlet Mediazona reported that military courts have received thousands of AWOL cases since Russia's 2022 mobilization.[140] As of 2024, France was the only EU country accepting Russian deserters without a passport and allowing them to apply for asylum.[141]

#### Protests

[edit]

Further information: 2022 anti-war protests in Russia § September, 2022 North Caucasian protests, and 2022 Far Eastern protests

The Vesna movement called for wide-ranging protest action. The action called "No mogilization (grave-ization)" was scheduled for the evening of 21 September.[142][47]

Protests against the mobilization for the war with Ukraine occurred throughout Russia. Protesters in Moscow chanted the slogan "Putin to the trenches!"[143] As of 22:00 Moscow time on 21 September, more than 1,233 people had already been detained in 38 cities.[144] Moscow police intelligence received that the detained men were handed summons to the military registration and enlistment office. Peskov noted that the delivery of subpoenas to detainees did not contradict the law.[145] In Sokolinaya Gora, a detainee was threatened with a criminal case and 10-year prison sentence for refusing to receive a summons.[146] The Moscow prosecutor's office warned organizing or participating in anti-war protests could lead to up to 15 years in prison.[147]

In Grozny several dozen women tried to hold a protest rally against mobilization. All of them were detained.[148]

On 22 September, in Babayurt, Republic of Dagestan, the federal highway was blocked at the exit from the village. A group of villagers gathered near the local military registration and enlistment office, where there was a clash between them and a government employee.[149][150]

On 24 September, anti-mobilization rallies organized by Vesna took place in many Russian cities.[151] The rallies were marked by mass detentions not only of protesters, but also of ordinary passers-by.[152] According to OVD-Info, more than 750 people were detained by 22:30 Moscow Time.[153]

On 25 September, the women of Yakutsk went to a rally under the slogans "We will not give up our husbands," "No to genocide," and "No to war". People gathered in osuokhay [ru], a traditional round dance symbolizing the blessing of mothers for the safe return of their husbands and sons. The women were soon dispersed by the security forces.[154][155] On the same day, residents of Endirey, Dagestan, took part in a rally against mobilization. The police fired live rounds into the air in an attempt to disperse the rally.[156]

On 26 September, a man set himself on fire at the Ryazan bus station.[157] On 30 September, rapper Walkie T committed suicide, saying in a video posted to Telegram that he refused to kill another man.[158]

On 5 October 2022, recently mobilized Russian soldiers protested in Belgorod Oblast over their poor living conditions and lack of equipment.[159]

On 15 October 2022, relatives of men drafted from the Bryansk Oblast released a video appeal to Vladimir Putin, asking him to intervene to bring their sons and husbands back home.[83]

In November 2023, wives and mothers of mobilized men protested in several Russian cities for their demobilization. They faced pressure and intimidation from state authorities.[160]

On 31 May 2024, Russia’s Justice Ministry added the women's organization Put’ Domoi (The Way Home), a group of wives, mothers and sisters of soldiers who campaign for the return of mobilized men from Ukraine, to the list of so-called ‘foreign agents’.[161]

#### Attacks

[edit]

Further information: 2022 Russian military commissariats attacks

After the announcement of mobilization, Alexei Navalny's legal team promised to render assistance to anyone who would try to evade conscription. According to Ivan Zhdanov, Navalny's headquarters would support any form of protest over mobilization, including arson of military registration offices throughout the country.[162][163]

On 21 September, a recruiting station was set on fire in Nizhny Novgorod.[164] On the night of 21–22 September in Lomonosov, Saint Petersburg, a registration office was set on fire.[165] In the city of Gay, Orenburg Oblast, unknown people also tried to set fire to a military recruitment building.[166] In Tolyatti, an unknown person threw a Molotov cocktail at the city hall building.[167][168]

On 23 September, it was reported that military recruitment offices were set on fire in the cities of Svobodny, Khabarovsk, Kamyshin, and the village of Tselinnoye.[169][170]

On 24 September, the military office in Kansk and the office of United Russia in Salavat were set on fire.[171][172][173]

On 25 September, there were attempts to set fire to registration offices in Ruzayevka, Chernyakhovsk, Kirovsk, village administrations in Bereslavka (Volgograd Oblast) and Syaskelevo [ru] (Leningrad Oblast), and in Uryupinsk and Tarusa.[174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181]

On 26 September, during a meeting with recently mobilized recruits in Ust-Ilimsk (Irkutsk Oblast), a man opened fire at the head of the draft board, who ended up in intensive care.[182][183][184] According to local media, before opening fire, the attacker said: “Now we’ll all go home!”.[185]

### In Ukraine

[edit]

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy called on Russians to not submit to "criminal mobilization", saying "Russian commanders do not care about the lives of Russians — they just need to replenish the empty spaces left by the dead, wounded, those who fled or the Russian soldiers that were captured."[186] Ukrainian authorities said that Russians forcibly mobilized and sent to Ukraine could surrender. According to the Ukrainian Deputy Prime Minister Iryna Vereshchuk, those who surrender will be guaranteed security.[187] In a statement issued by the Ukrainian Presidential Office on 24 September, President Zelenskyy outlined a three-point promise to any Russian soldier who chooses to surrender:

1. "First, you will be treated in a civilized manner, in accordance with all conventions."
2. "Second, no one will know the circumstances of your surrender, no one in Russia will know that your surrender was voluntary."
3. "And third, if you are afraid to return to Russia and do not want an exchange, we will find a way to ensure this as well."

He ended this outline saying that "Ukraine will do everything for its victory" and that "no tricks will help the occupier."[188][189]

Oleksiy Danilov, Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, called the decision on partial mobilization a "complex program for the disposal of Russians."[190] In an interview with Bild, Zelenskyy noted that Ukraine was waiting for such a step from Putin, summarizing: “Putin wants to drown Ukraine in blood. But also in the blood of their own soldiers.”[191]

For Ukrainian society, the Russian mobilization did not enter national news, as it had been discussed since the start of the conflict. Online, the news was met with memes about the "couch troops of the Russian Federation" (people who called for a tougher war online and now have the opportunity to actually go to the front and put their ideas into practice) and compensation for the families of Russian military casualties.[191]

Anton Herashchenko, an advisor to Ukraine's Minister of Internal Affairs, estimated that Russia would begin a new wave of mobilization in January 2023.[116]

### International

[edit]

Government representatives and diplomats from European countries and the United States described Putin's decision to mobilize as a sign of Russia's failure in the war with Ukraine, a step toward escalation, and an indication of panic in the Russian leadership. Some representatives noted that their governments will continue to provide military assistance to Ukraine to protect against Russian aggression.[192] Other Western politicians have also expressed disregard of Putin's threats of nuclear escalation.[193]

* Czech Foreign Minister Jan Lipavský stated that the Czech Republic will not issue humanitarian visas to Russians who have fled to avoid mobilization.[194] The Czech Republic stopped issuing visas to Russian citizens in February 2022.[195]
* Prime Minister of Estonia Kaja Kallas announced that the country would not provide asylum to Russians fleeing mobilization.[196]
* French President Emmanuel Macron said he had "no rational explanation" for the steps of Vladimir Putin in Ukraine, adding that it was likely "a combination of ressentiment, the strategy of hegemony in the region and, I would say, the consequences of COVID-19, isolation."[197][198]
* German Chancellor Olaf Scholz called the mobilization "an act of desperation" that will "make everything worse," noting that he "completely underestimated" from the beginning the willingness of the Ukrainian people to resist.[199] German Interior Minister Nancy Faeser said that "Deserters threatened with serious repression can, as a rule, obtain international protection in Germany."[200] However, in 2024, German authorities ordered the deportation of Russian nationals who wanted to avoid mobilization and criticized Putin's government on the grounds that they would not face persecution in Russia.[201]
* In response to the move, the IDF issued an order to return to Israel all Israeli soldiers who are on vacation in Russia, and a blanket ban on departures from Israel to Russia for IDF soldiers. In addition, the Israeli Foreign Ministry issued a travel warning for Israelis with Russian citizenship to Russia, warning them that they could be conscripted.[202]
* Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev stated that Kazakhstan would help fleeing Russians, saying that "Most of them are forced to leave because of the current hopeless situation."[203] However, in December 2022, Kazakhstan deported back to Russia a Russian citizen who fled mobilization.[204] Kazakhstan said it would extradite Russians wanted for evading mobilization.[205] In January 2023, Kazakhstan announced they were tightening visa rules, a move that is expected to make it more difficult for Russians to remain in the country.[206]
* Former President of Mongolia Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj spoke on behalf of the World Mongol Federation honouring Russian refugees bound to "start freeing [their] country from dictatorship" and welcoming Buryats, Tuvans, and Kalmyks "used as nothing more than cannon fodder".[207] According to him, different countries should accept representatives of small nationalities whom the Russian authorities send to war. In particular, Mongolia is ready to shelter refugees.
* Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte called Putin's actions a "sign of panic," adding that the threat of nuclear weapons did not worry him.[193]
* In an interview with PBS News, President of Poland Andrzej Duda called the mobilization as "an attempt to save face" by Russia.[208]
* British Secretary of State for Defense Ben Wallace said that the mobilization is evidence of Russia's defeat.[209]
* United States Ambassador to Ukraine Bridget A. Brink noted that "fake referendums and mobilization are signs of Russia's weakness and failure."[210] Speaking at the United Nations Security Council, Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken castigated Putin for "choosing not to end the war, but to expand it" through the mobilization, escalatory threats, and annexation "to add fuel to the fire that he started." He reminded the council of the protest and resistance among the Russian people, quoting the anti-mobilization protesters' chant of "Let our children live."[211]

Germany offered asylum to Russian oppositionists and conscripts who did not want to go to war with Ukraine.[212] In contrast, the Finnish Foreign Ministry said that the country is preparing to introduce a complete ban on entry for Russian citizens on Schengen Visas.[213] Estonia announced that they would close entry for all Russians who participated in the war with Ukraine, and Latvia refused to issue humanitarian visas to Russians who evade mobilization, citing security concerns.[214]

## Analysis

[edit]

According to the Institute for the Study of War, mobilization is unlikely to allow Russia to significantly increase its combat power.[215] According to lawyer Alexei Tabalov, writing for The Insider, one of the objectives of amending the laws on desertion was the "enslavement of military personnel at the front."[38]

Other experts say that Russia suffers from a lack of infrastructure to train and equip the mobilized, caused by heavy losses of equipment and ammunition on the battlefield and the abolition of many logistics and management structures that once allowed the countries of the former Soviet Union to quickly train and arm mobilized conscripts.[216][217] Jean-Christophe Noël, associate researcher at IFRI, said that "One of the Russian weaknesses is joint-army combats, and their reservists are not at all prepared for that. They would be used as cannon fodder in any attempt at an offensive."[218]

The Washington Post noted that by announcing the mobilization, Putin took a big risk – according to polls, young men may begin to express opposition to the war due to the mobilization decree.[219] According to the analysis of economists Oleg Itskhoki and Maxim Mironov, Russia may lose more than 10% of men aged 20–29 as a result of losses in the war and emigration. After the end of the war, Russia expects a surge in crime. Also, a significant number of children, especially in poor regions, will be left without fathers, which will lead to a new surge in crime in 5–10 years, when these children become teenagers.[220]

Doug Klain, a nonresident fellow at the Atlantic Council’s Eurasia Center, wrote that "Sending untrained, underequipped, and largely unwilling men to fight in Ukraine will be a slaughter with little precedent in modern war fighting... In the United States, new Army recruits need 10 weeks of basic training, at a bare minimum, to be ready for combat."[221] Gustaf Gressel, a senior policy fellow at the Berlin office of the European Council on Foreign Relations, said that "My gut feeling is that Putin doesn't really care about the inferior quality [of new troops being assembled]. So my guess is that the overall aim of this is to make Ukraine run out of bullets before Russia runs out of soldiers."[222]

### Casualties

[edit]

See also: Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War

As of 5 July 2024, BBC News Russian and Mediazona confirmed by name that a total of 7,152 Russians who were mobilized had been killed, of which 54 died within Russia due to various accidents. With 7,152 mobilized personnel to have been confirmed killed, mobilized fatalities account for 12.2 per cent of all identified Russian personnel who have been confirmed killed by BBC News Russian and Mediazona.[223] Due to the fog of war and deliberate misinformation campaigns on both sides, the real number of mobilized recruits killed in Ukraine is unknown.

Newly mobilized soldiers from the Samara Oblast were among those killed in Ukrainian shelling of the Makiivka military quarters on New Year's Eve on 31 December 2022.[224] Ukraine claimed the attack killed up to 400 Russian soldiers and wounded 300 others. The attack was carried out using HIMARS rockets.[224] By 13 February 2023, BBC News Russian and Mediazona had identified the names of 107 mobilized Russians who had been killed during the shelling.[225]

Military experts speaking to the Wall Street Journal stated that the heavy Russian losses in the Battle of Vuhledar indicated orders to soldiers were coming from the top down, combined with very little training of the mobilized soldiers.[226] Analysts believed many of the Russian casualties and loss of equipment stemmed from the makeup of the Russian brigades, being predominantly untrained mobilized recruits.[227]

## See also

[edit]

* Russia portal
* Politics portal

* 2022 mobilization in the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic
* "Address concerning the events in Ukraine" – televised speech by Putin recognizing the Donetsk and Luhansk republics
* "On conducting a special military operation" – televised speech by Putin announcing the use of force against Ukraine
* Martial law in Russia
* 2022 Russian martial law
* Mobilization in Ukraine
* Reserve of the Supreme High Command
* State of emergency in Russia

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ According to Russian law, a decree either ending recruitment for the war effort or repealing the one that authorised it is required to be signed by the president.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Так завершена мобилизация в России или все-таки нет? Разбираемся в заявлениях Путина, Пескова и Минобороны". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 1 November 2022. "Так что, мобилизация в России окончена? К сожалению, нет. До тех пор, пока президент не подпишет указ о завершении «частичной» мобилизации, Минобороны в любой момент может спустить в регионы новые планы, после чего призыв возобновится."
2. ^ a b c Hopkins, Valerie (21 September 2022). "Ukraine Live Updates: Putin Calls Up More Troops as His War Effort Falters". New York Times. 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
3. ^ a b c Новости, Р. И. А. (22 September 2022). "Песков опроверг информацию о планах мобилизовать миллион человек". РИА Новости (in Russian). Retrieved 23 September 2022.
4. ^ "Путин объявил частичную мобилизацию в России". Meduza (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
5. ^ a b c "Указ "Об объявлении частичной мобилизации в Российской Федерации"". Президент России (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
6. ^ a b c "Путин объявил о частичной мобилизации в России". BBC News Russian. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
7. ^ "Песков раскрыл деталь закрытого пункта в указе о частичной мобилизации". fontanka.ru – новости Санкт-Петербурга (in Russian). 21 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
8. ^ a b Plamenev, Ilya (31 October 2022). "Путин объяснил отсутствие указа о завершении мобилизации". РБК (in Russian). Retrieved 1 November 2022.
9. ^ Zykina, Tatyana (31 October 2022). "Песков ответил на вопрос об указе Путина о завершении мобилизации". РБК (in Russian). Retrieved 31 October 2022.
10. ^ a b Nekhoroshkin, Semyon; Volkova, Yuliya (1 November 2022). "Песков заявил, что точка в частичной мобилизации поставлена и без указа". РБК (in Russian). Retrieved 1 November 2022.
11. ^ Stepanenko, Kateryna; Barros, George; Williams, Madison; Philipson, Layne; Kagan, Frederick W.; Bailey, Riley (22 December 2022). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, December 22". Critical Threats. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
12. ^ Bormotova, Yekaterina (24 May 2023). "Верховный суд постановил, что мобилизация продолжается. Что это значит для всех нас?". NGS (in Russian). Novosibirsk.
13. ^ "Российские власти 15 раз отвергали возможность мобилизации". The Moscow Times telegram. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
14. ^ "Хроника текущих событий. Экономика, общество, политика. Выпуск 201". Tayga.info (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
15. ^ Trevelyan, Mark, ed. (13 September 2022). "Despite Ukraine's advances, Russia says mobilisation is not on the agenda". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
16. ^ "Putin says will not use conscript soldiers in Ukraine". Reuters. 8 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023.
17. ^ "Putin Bets It All in Ukraine". Der Spiegel. 23 September 2022.
18. ^ J. N. Westwood (1986). Russia Against Japan, 1904–1905. State University of New York Press. p. 124\. ISBN 9780887061912.
19. ^ "Шойгу: будут мобилизованы 300 тысяч резервистов". Радио Свобода (in Russian). 21 September 2022. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
20. ^ ""Всех мужчин пускают на пушечное мясо" Многие жители ДНР уже 50 дней прячутся от принудительной мобилизации на войну. Вот рассказ одного из них". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 25 September 2022.
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185. ^ "Baza". Telegram.
186. ^ "Zelenskyy to Russians: Defy 'criminal mobilization'". Deutsche Welle. 25 September 2022.
187. ^ "Киев предложил насильно мобилизованным сдаваться в плен – DW – 22.09.2022". dw.com (in Russian). Retrieved 22 September 2022.
188. ^ Zelenskyy, Volodomyr (24 September 2022). "The heroism and grit of our warriors leave no doubt that Ukraine will prevail – address by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy". President of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
189. ^ Zelenskyy, Volodomyr (24 September 2022). "Слава усім нашим героям! Слава нашому незламному народу! Звернення Президента. 24.09.2022" [Glory to all our heroes! Glory to our indomitable people! Address by the President.]. YouTube (in Ukrainian and Russian). Office of the President of Ukraine. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
190. ^ "Данілов про оголошену Путіним мобілізацію: Комплексна програма утилізації росіян". nv.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
191. ^ a b Святослав Хоменко (23 September 2022). ""Очень просто. Будем уничтожать". Как Киев реагирует на новости из России". BBC. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
192. ^ ""Мобілізація – ознака паніки і провалу Росії у війні". Як Захід реагує на дії Путіна". BBC News Україна. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
193. ^ a b "Putin warning: What does Russian military call-up mean for Ukraine?". BBC News. 21 September 2022. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
194. ^ "Foreign minister says Russians fleeing draft won't be granted humanitarian visas in Czechia". Radio Prague International. 23 September 2022.
195. ^ "Deserting Russians will not get Czech visas". Euractiv. 23 September 2022.
196. ^ "Естонія не надаватиме притулку росіянам, які бажають уникнути мобілізації". РБК-Украина (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 22 September 2022.
197. ^ French President Macron tells Jake Tapper Russia's invasion of Ukraine is a "post Covid-19 consequence" and countries that do not align with Ukraine are complicit in a new wave of imperialism. – CNN Video, 22 September 2022, retrieved 23 September 2022
198. ^ "Макрон заявил, что не смог разобраться в причинах действий Путина на Украине". m24.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 23 September 2022.
199. ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Russia: Vladimir Putin announces partial mobilization of reservists | DW | 21 September 2022". DW.COM. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
200. ^ "Germany signals willingness to take in Russians fleeing Ukraine war conscription". Deutsche Welle. 22 September 2022.
201. ^ "Germany: No asylum for Russian draft dodgers?". Deutsche Welle. 19 April 2024.
202. ^ "Breaking: Israeli senior official: The IDF has issued a directive to all soldiers who hold Russian citizenship and are in Russia to immediately return to Israel. The directive also includes a ban on IDF soldiers who hold Russian citizenship to fly to Russia". Twitter (in Hebrew). 30 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
203. ^ "Kazakh President Urges Calm and Care for Russians Fleeing Mobilization". The Diplomat. 27 September 2022.
204. ^ "Russian officer sentenced to 6.5 years for deserting". Reuters. 24 March 2023.
205. ^ "Living In Fear Of The Draft, Russian Emigres In Kazakhstan Have No Plans To Go Home". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 22 January 2023.
206. ^ Ebel, F. (17 January 2023), "Kazakhstan tightens visa rules, setting limits for Russians fleeing war duty", Washington Post
207. ^ Tsakhiagiin, Elbegdorj (23 September 2022). "Message from Elbegdorj Tsakhia, President of the World Mongol Federation". YouTube. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
208. ^ Woodruff, Judy; Sagalyn, Dan (21 September 2022). "Poland President Andrzej Duda on Russia's war in Ukraine, Putin's nuclear threats". PBS. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
209. ^ "Міністр оборони Британії впіймав Путіна на брехні через мобілізацію | Новини Еспресо". espreso.tv (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
210. ^ "Посол США: мобілізація в Росії та псевдореферендуми – ознаки слабкості та провалу". www.eurointegration.com.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
211. ^ Blinken, Antony J. (22 September 2022). "Secretary Blinken delivers remarks at the United Nations Security Council Ministerial Meeting – 10AM". YouTube. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
212. ^ Kormbaki, Marina; Weiland, Severin (21 September 2022). "Teilmobilmachung in Russland: Grüne und FDP wollen russischen Deserteuren Asyl gewähren". Der Spiegel (in German). ISSN 2195-1349. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
213. ^ "Suomi valmistelee parhaillaan päätöstä venäläisturistien tulon estämiseksi". www.iltalehti.fi (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
214. ^ Мельникова, Мария (21 September 2022). "Латвия не будет выдавать гуманитарные визы россиянам, избегающим мобилизации". Главные события в России и мире | RTVI (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
215. ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
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217. ^ Lendon, Brad (22 September 2022). "Putin can call up all the troops he wants, but Russia can't train or support them". CNN. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
218. ^ "Russian 'partial mobilization' is a military gamble far from being won". Le Monde. 22 September 2022.
219. ^ "Analysis | Putin just called up young men to the war. He's taking a big risk". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
220. ^ "Призванная республика – Из-за войны Россия может потерять больше 10% молодых мужчин. Анализ экономистов Олега Ицхоки и Максима Миронова". Новая газета. Европа. 25 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
221. ^ "Mobilization Can't Save Russia's War". Foreign Policy. 4 October 2022.
222. ^ "Putin's mobilization plan 'very risky'". Deutsche Welle. 23 September 2022.
223. ^ "Мобилизованные в обороне: что известно о потерях России в Украине к октябрю" [Mobilized in defense: what is known about Russian losses in Ukraine by October]. BBC News Russian. 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
"Russian casualties in Ukraine. Mediazona count, updated". Mediazona. 5 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
224. ^ a b "What we know about Ukraine's attack in Makiivka". Al Jazeera. 3 January 2023.
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226. ^ "How Russia Lost Dozens of Tanks in a Costly Battle in Eastern Ukraine". WSJ.
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## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2022 Russian mobilization.

* v
* t
* e

Russian invasion of Ukraine

Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War

Overview

General|

* Outline
* Timeline
* Prelude
* Feb – Apr 2022
* Apr – Aug 2022
* Aug – Nov 2022
* Nov 2022 – Jun 2023
* Jun – Aug 2023
* Sep – Nov 2023
* Dec 2023 – Mar 2024
* Apr – Jul 2024
* Aug – Dec 2024
* Jan 2025 – present
* Aerial warfare
* Defense lines
* Foreign fighters
* Information war
* Naval warfare
* Legality
* Map
* Order of battle
* Peace negotiations
* Ukraine's Peace Formula
* China peace proposal
* June 2024 peace summit
* Proposed no-fly zone
* Red lines
* Reparations
* Territorial control
* Women

Prelude|

* Reactions
* Disinformation
* Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory
* Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction
* 2021 Russia–United States summit
* 2021 Black Sea incident
* Belarus–European Union border crisis
* "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians"
* Crimea Platform
* Zapad 2021
* December 2021 ultimatum
* 2022 Ukraine cyberattacks
* Zametil 2022
* Union Resolve 2022
* Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing
* British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact
* Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* "Address concerning the events in Ukraine"
* "On conducting a special military operation"

Background|

* Dissolution of the Soviet Union
* 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
* Annexation of Crimea
* reactions
* War in Donbas
* 2022 timeline
* Minsk agreements
* humanitarian situation
* international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* Putinism
* Foundations of Geopolitics
* Novorossiya
* Ruscism
* Russian irredentism
* Russian imperialism

Foreign
relations|

* Russia–Ukraine
* Belarus–Ukraine
* Belarus–Russia
* Russia–United States
* Ukraine–United States
* Russia–NATO
* Ukraine–NATO
* enlargement of NATO
* eastward expansion controversy in Russia
* open door policy

Military engagements

Southern
Ukraine|

* Snake Island campaign
* Siege of Mariupol
* Battle of Kherson
* Capture of Melitopol
* Battle of Mykolaiv
* Battle of Enerhodar
* Battle of Voznesensk
* Battle of Huliaipole
* Battle of Davydiv Brid
* Kherson counteroffensive
* Liberation of Kherson
* Dnieper campaign
* Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam

Eastern
Ukraine|

* Battle of Volnovakha
* Battle of Kharkiv
* Battle of Izium
* Battle of Rubizhne
* Battle of Popasna
* Battle of Marinka
* Battle of Donbas
* Battle of the Siverskyi Donets
* Battle of Sievierodonetsk
* Battle of Lysychansk
* Battle of Pisky
* Battle of Bakhmut
* Battle of Soledar
* Battle of Vuhledar
* Kharkiv counteroffensive
* Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)
* Luhansk Oblast campaign
* Battle of Avdiivka
* Battle of Chasiv Yar
* Battle of Krasnohorivka
* Battle of Ocheretyne
* Battle of Toretsk
* Pokrovsk offensive
* Battle of Kurakhove

Northern
Ukraine|

* Battle of Antonov Airport
* Capture of Chernobyl
* Battle of Kyiv
* Battle of Hostomel
* Battle of Bucha
* Battle of Irpin
* Battle of Makariv
* Russian Kyiv convoy
* Battle of Moshchun
* Destruction of the Kozarovychi Dam
* Battle of Brovary
* Battle of Slavutych
* Battle of Sumy
* Siege of Chernihiv
* Northeastern border skirmishes

Russia|

* Bryansk Oblast raid
* Kremlin drone attack
* Moscow drone strikes
* 2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions
* 30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling
* February 2024 Belgorod missile strike
* May 2024 Belgorod missile strike
* March 2024 western Russia incursion
* 2024 Kursk offensive
* occupation
* Battles for Olgovskiy Forest
* Toropets depot explosions
* 2025 Belgorod Oblast incursion

Airstrikes
by city|

* Chernihiv strikes
* Dnipro strikes
* Ivano-Frankivsk strikes
* Kharkiv strikes
* Kherson strikes
* Khmelnytskyi strikes
* Kryvyi Rih strikes
* Kyiv strikes
* Lviv strikes
* Mykolaiv strikes
* Odesa strikes
* Rivne strikes
* Vinnytsia strikes
* Zaporizhzhia strikes
* Zhytomyr strikes

Airstrikes
on military
targets|

* Chuhuiv air base attack
* Millerovo air base attack
* Chornobaivka (Saky) attacks
* 7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack
* Yavoriv military base attack
* 18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack
* Berdiansk port attack
* Sinking of the Moskva
* Desna barracks airstrike
* Attack on Nova Kakhovka
* Crimea attacks
* Novofedorivka explosions
* Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base
* Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters
* Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks
* Makiivka military quarters shelling
* Machulishchy air base attack
* Zarichne barracks airstrike

Resistance|

| Russian-occupied Ukraine|

* Popular Resistance of Ukraine
* Berdiansk Partisan Army
* Yellow Ribbon
* Atesh

|

Belarus and Russia|

* Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky
* Civic Council
* Irpin Declaration
* Killing of Darya Dugina
* National Republican Army
* Military commissariats arsons
* Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting
* Black Bridge
* Rail war in Russia
* Stop the Wagons
* Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists
* Rail war in Belarus
* Busly liaciać
* BYPOL
* Community of Railway Workers
* Cyber Partisans

Russian
occupations|

* Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine

Ongoing|

* Annexation referendums
* Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts
* Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine
* Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine
* Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol
* Donetsk Oblast
* Kharkiv Oblast
* Kherson Oblast
* Luhansk Oblast
* Mykolaiv Oblast
* Zaporizhzhia Oblast
* Sumy Oblast (2025, reentry)

Previous|

* Chernihiv Oblast
* Kyiv Oblast
* Odesa Oblast
* Sumy Oblast (2022)
* Zhytomyr Oblast

Potentially
related|

* Black Sea drone incident
* Mystery fires in Russia
* Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
* Transnistria attacks
* Zagreb Tu-141 crash

Other|

* 2022 Crimean Bridge explosion
* 2023 Crimean Bridge explosion
* Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy
* Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike
* Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine
* Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War
* Dragon drone
* Violations of non-combatant airspaces
* Missile explosion in Poland
* Operation Synytsia
* Ukraine and electronic warfare
* Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia
* 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive
* 2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia
* Wagner Group rebellion

War crimes

General|

* Accusations of genocide in Donbas
* Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians
* child abductions
* Attacks on hospitals
* Cluster munitions
* Incendiary weapons
* Landmines
* Russian filtration camps
* Russian mobile crematoriums
* Russian theft of Ukrainian grain
* Russian torture chambers
* Looting
* Sexual violence
* Mistreatment of prisoners of war

Attacks on
civilians|

* February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Kharkiv government building airstrike
* 3 March Chernihiv bombing
* Irpin refugee column shelling
* Mariupol hospital airstrike
* Stara Krasnianka care house attack
* Mykolaiv cluster bombing
* March 2022 Donetsk attack
* 2022 Borodianka airstrikes
* Chernihiv breadline attack
* Mariupol theatre airstrike
* Kyiv shopping centre bombing
* Sumykhimprom ammonia leak
* March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Mykolaiv government building missile strike
* Bucha massacre
* Kramatorsk railway station attack
* April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Bilohorivka school bombing
* Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz
* Maisky Market attack
* Kremenchuk shopping mall attack
* Serhiivka missile strike
* Chasiv Yar missile strike
* Olenivka prison massacre
* Kharkiv dormitories missile strike
* Chaplyne railway station attack
* Izium mass graves
* September 2022 Donetsk attack
* Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack
* Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling
* Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike
* Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure
* 2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike
* Sloviansk airstrike
* Uman missile strike
* Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike
* Lyman cluster bombing
* 2023 Pokrovsk missile strike
* Chernihiv missile strike
* Kostiantynivka missile strike
* Hroza missile attack
* Volnovakha massacre
* December 2023 strikes
* 2024 Pokrovsk missile strike
* 2024 Donetsk attack
* Lysychansk missile strike
* 6 March 2024 Odesa strike
* March 2024 strikes
* May 2024 Kharkiv strikes
* 8 July 2024 strikes
* 2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack
* 26 August 2024 strikes
* September 2024 Poltava strike
* November 2024 strikes
* 2025 Dobropillia missile strikes

Crimes
against
soldiers|

* Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan
* Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia
* Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites
* Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin
* Makiivka surrender incident
* Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi
* 2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading

Legal cases|

* ICC investigation
* Arrest warrants
* ICJ court case
* Task Force on Accountability
* Universal jurisdiction
* Crime of aggression
* Criminal proceedings
* Vadim Shishimarin
* Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov
* Anton Cherednik

Reactions

States
and
official
entities|

| General|

* Sanctions
* people and organizations
* restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast
* Military aid
* European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine
* People's Bayraktar
* Signmyrocket.com
* Humanitarian aid
* Sanctioned yachts
* Relations with Russia

|

Ukraine|

* Application to NATO
* Be Brave Like Ukraine
* Brave1
* Bring Kids Back UA [uk]
* Ban on Russia-associated religious groups
* Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War
* Decolonization and derussification law
* Delta
* Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition
* For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)
* Grain From Ukraine
* Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief
* Hero City
* I Want to Live
* International Legion and other foreign units
* Belarusian Volunteer Corps
* Terror Battalion
* Black Maple Company
* Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade
* Freedom of Russia Legion
* German Volunteer Corps
* Karelian National Battalion
* Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment
* Norman Brigade
* Pahonia Regiment
* Polish Volunteer Corps
* Romanian Battlegroup Getica
* Russian Volunteer Corps
* Separate Special Purpose Battalion
* Sibir Battalion
* Turan Battalion
* International Sponsors of War
* Forced confiscation law of Russian property [ru; uk]
* Look for Your Own
* Lukoil sanctions
* Martial law
* Mobilization
* Media Center Ukraine
* National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War [uk]
* National Multi-Subject Test [uk]
* North Korea–Ukraine relations
* Points of Invincibility
* Recognition of Ichkeria
* Rescuer City
* Save Ukrainian Culture [uk]
* Syria–Ukraine relations
* Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra
* United24
* United News

Russia|

* highways in the annexed territories
* A290
* A291 "Tavrida"
* R260
* R280 "Novorossiya"
* 2022 Moscow rally
* 2023 Moscow rally
* 2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly
* Blockade of Ukraine [ru]
* Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion
* Censorship in Russia [ru]
* Chechnya
* Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters
* Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation" [ru]
* Conversations about Important Things
* Krasovsky case
* Legalization of parallel imports [ru]
* Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council
* Martial law
* Masha Moskalyova case
* Metropolis of Crimea
* Mikhail Simonov case
* Mobilization
* Recruitment of irregular forces [ru]
* Operation Doppelgänger
* Opinion polling [ru]
* Orthodox Christmas truce proposal
* Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict
* Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war
* Salvation Committee for Peace and Order
* Special Coordinating Council
* Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory
* Unfriendly countries list
* War censorship laws
* We Are Together. Sports
* "What Russia Should Do with Ukraine"

United States|

* 2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw
* 2022 State of the Union Address
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023
* Disinformation Governance Board
* Executive Order 14071
* Pentagon document leaks
* Task Force KleptoCapture
* Ukraine Defense Contact Group
* Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act
* Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative

Other countries|

* Belarus
* Canada
* Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel
* China
* Closer ties with Russia
* Chinese peace plan
* Hong Kong
* Croatia
* Denmark
* Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations [ru]
* France
* Mission Aigle
* Georgia
* Germany
* German Taurus controversy
* Taurus leak
* Zeitenwende speech
* Hungary
* India
* Operation Ganga
* Iran
* Closer ties with Russia
* Israel
* Operation Israel Guarantees
* Lithuania
* Moldova
* New Zealand
* Russia Sanctions Act
* North Korea
* Poland
* border crisis with Ukraine
* Syria [ru]
* Taiwan
* United Kingdom
* Economic Crime Act
* Homes for Ukraine
* Operation Interflex
* 2025 London Summit on Ukraine
* Coalition of the willing

United Nations|

* Emergency special session
* Resolution ES-11/1
* Resolution ES-11/2
* Resolution ES-11/3
* Resolution ES-11/4
* Resolution ES-11/5
* Resolution ES-11/6
* Resolution ES-11/7
* Security Council Resolution 2623
* Resolution A/RES/77/229
* Easter truce

International
organizations|

* Accession of Moldova to the EU
* Accession of Ukraine to the EU
* Brussels summit
* European Political Community
* 1st summit
* 2nd summit
* 3rd summit
* Madrid summit
* NATO virtual summit
* Operation Oscar
* Ramstein Air Base meeting
* EU–Ukraine Summit
* REPowerEU
* Steadfast Defender 2024
* SWIFT ban against Russian banks
* Ukraine Recovery Conference
* Versailles declaration
* 2023 Vilnius summit
* 15th BRICS summit
* 2024 Washington summit
* Weimar+

Other|

* Consecration of Russia
* F-16 training coalition
* Finland–NATO relations
* Finland–Russia border barrier
* Iron diplomacy
* Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia
* Recognition of Russia as a terrorist state
* Removal of monuments and memorials
* Streets renamed
* Ukraine Square, Oslo
* Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion
* Sweden–NATO relations
* Swedish anti-terrorism bill

Public|

| Protests|

* In Ukraine
* in Russian-occupied Ukraine
* demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin
* ArmWomenNow
* Ukrainian Artistic Front
* In Russia
* Angry patriots
* Club of Angry Patriots
* Anti-War Committee
* Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople
* Congress of People's Deputies
* Council of Mothers and Wives
* Feminist Anti-War Resistance
* Flower protests
* Marina Ovsyannikova
* Russian Action Committee
* North Caucasian protests
* 2022 Russian Far East protests
* State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason
* White-blue-white flag
* In Belarus
* In China
* Great Translation Movement
* In Czech Republic
* Czech Republic First!

|

Companies|

* Address of the Russian Union of Rectors
* Boycott of Russia and Belarus
* "Do not buy Russian goods!"
* E.N.O.T. Corp.
* Igor Mangushev
* McDonald's in Russia
* Vkusno i tochka
* NashStore [ru]
* People's Satellite
* Starlink satellites
* Stop Bloody Energy
* Wagner Group
* Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev
* Death of Nemes Tarimo
* Yale CELI List of Companies

Technology|

* Anonymous and the invasion
* alerts.in.ua
* DDoS attacks on Romania
* DeepStateMap.Live
* IT Army of Ukraine
* Killnet
* Liveuamap
* Open-source intelligence
* peacenotwar
* Russian Asset Tracker
* Squad303 [pl]
* Ukraine Siren Alerts
* Wikipedia
* threat to block in Russia
* detention of Mark Bernstein

Spies|

* Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
* Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War

Other|

* Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families
* Black Sea Grain Initiative
* Collaboration with Russia
* We Are Together with Russia
* Concert for Ukraine
* Free Buryatia Foundation
* Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum
* Game4Ukraine
* Get Lost
* Global Tour for Peace
* Go by the Forest
* Guide to the Free World
* Mozart Group
* Olena Zelenska Foundation
* Open letter from Nobel laureates
* Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion
* Rubikus.HelpUA
* Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation
* Russia's War Crimes House
* Save Ukraine
* Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online
* Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation
* Spain letter bomb attacks
* Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions
* Pavel Filatyev
* True Russia
* Volos Declaration
* Wimbledon ban

Impact

Effects|

* Aircraft losses
* Casualties
* journalists killed
* Russian generals killed
* Economic impact
* Inflation surge
* 2022 Moldovan energy crisis
* protests
* 2025 Moldovan energy crisis
* Russia–EU gas dispute
* 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
* Russian debt default
* 2022 Russian oil price cap
* 2022-2024 German economic crisis
* 2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap
* EU natural gas price cap
* Education
* End of the Whisky War
* Environmental impact
* European re-armament
* Eurovision Song Contest 2022
* Russia
* Ukraine
* Eurovision Song Contest 2023
* Food crises
* Impact on theatre [uk]
* List of notable deaths
* Lukoil oil transit dispute
* Nuclear power plants
* Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis
* Nuclear risk
* Religion
* Russian emigration
* The Ark
* Ship losses
* Ukrainian cultural heritage
* art theft and looting
* damaged cultural sites
* Trauma
* Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion
* Ukrainian energy crisis
* Violations of non-combatant airspaces
* Women

Human
rights|

* Humanitarian impact
* Ukrainian refugee crisis
* 2025 Amsterdam stabbing attack
* Sobieskiego 100
* UN Commission of Inquiry
* UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission

Terms and
phrases|

* "And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from"
* "Anglo-Saxons"
* "Bavovna"
* "Grandpa in his bunker"
* "Good evening, we are from Ukraine"
* "Orc"
* "Putin khuylo!"
* "Khuy Voyne!"
* "Russia is here forever [uk]"
* "Russian warship, go fuck yourself"
* "Slava Ukraini!"
* "Special military operation"
* "To bomb Voronezh"
* "Strength is in truth"
* "Westsplaining"
* "Where have you been for eight years?"
* "Without you"

Popular
culture|

| Songs|

* "12"
* "Bakhmut Fortress"
* "Bayraktar"
* "Bilia topoli"
* "City of Mary"
* "Flowers of Minefields"
* "Generation Cancellation"
* "Generation Z"
* "I'm Russian"
* "Oyda"
* "Hey, Hey, Rise Up!"
* "Mama ŠČ!"
* "Oi u luzi chervona kalyna"
* "Slava Ukraini!"
* "Stefania"
* "Ukraine"
* "Crushed"

|

Films|

* 20 Days in Mariupol
* A Rising Fury
* Follow Me
* Intercepted
* Russians at War
* Turn in the Wound
* Ukraine on Fire 2 [uk]

Other|

* Babylon'13
* Back to the Cold War
* Borodianka cat [uk]
* Ghost of Kyiv
* Kherson watermelon
* Královec Region
* Madonna of Kyiv
* North Atlantic Fella Organization
* Newspeak in Russia [ru; uk]
* Patron
* "Putler"
* "Putinversteher"
* Raccoon of Kherson
* Saint Javelin
* Saint Mariuburg [ru; uk]
* Vasylkiv maiolica rooster
* Vladimir Putin's meeting table
* Walk of the Brave
* "Z" military symbol

Key people

Ukrainians|

* Volodymyr Zelenskyy
* speeches during the invasion
* visit to the United States
* visit to the United Kingdom
* visits to Europe
* Andriy Biletsky
* Andriy Yermak
* Denis Pushilin
* Denys Shmyhal
* Denys Kireyev
* Denys Monastyrsky
* Denys Prokopenko
* Iryna Venediktova
* Kyrylo Budanov
* Leonid Pasechnik
* Mykhailo Drapatyi
* Mykola Oleschuk
* Oleksandr Pavlyuk
* Oleksandr Syrskyi
* Oleksii Reznikov
* Oleksiy Danilov
* Oleksiy Neizhpapa
* Ruslan Khomchak
* Rustem Umerov
* Sergiy Kyslytsya
* Serhiy Shaptala
* Serhii Sternenko
* Valerii Zaluzhnyi
* Vasyl Malyuk
* Vitali Klitschko
* Yevhen Moisiuk

Russians|

* Vladimir Putin
* Aleksandr Dvornikov
* Aleksandr Lapin
* Aleksey Dyumin
* Aleksey Nagin
* Alexander Bortnikov
* Andrei Kolesnikov
* Andrei Sychevoi
* Andrey Belousov
* Andrey Vorobyov
* Dmitry Medvedev
* Gennady Zhidko
* Igor Kastyukevich
* Ivan Popov
* Mikhail Mishustin
* Maria Lvova-Belova
* Nikolai Patrushev
* Oleg Salyukov
* Oleg Tsokov
* Ramzan Kadyrov
* Roman Berdnikov
* Rustam Muradov
* Sergey Kobylash
* Sergey Lavrov
* Sergey Naryshkin
* Sergei Shoigu
* Sergey Surovikin
* Timur Ivanov
* Valery Gerasimov
* Viktor Sokolov
* Viktor Zolotov
* Vitaly Gerasimov
* Vyacheslav Gladkov
* Vyacheslav Volodin
* Yevgeny Prigozhin

Other|

* Alexander Lukashenko

Related

* 2023 North Korea–Russia summit
* 2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine
* 2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine
* 2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia
* 2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine
* 2025 Putin–Trump call
* Anti-drone mesh
* Anti-Russian sentiment
* Anti-Ukrainian sentiment
* Antonov An-225 Mriya
* Axis of Upheaval
* Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243
* Azovstal Iron and Steel Works
* Brovary helicopter crash
* Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes
* Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death
* Decolonization in Ukraine
* Decommunization in Ukraine
* Derussification in Ukraine
* Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine
* Foreign leaders that have visited during the invasion
* Institute for the Study of War
* Irkutsk Su-30 crash
* Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash
* Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash
* Kyivstar cyberattack [ru; uk]
* Lady R incident
* Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations
* Nord Stream 2
* Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria
* Punisher
* Russian nuclear weapons
* Sarmat
* Russian military presence in Transnistria
* Ryazan Il-76 crash
* Siberian wildfires
* Sinhury mid-air collision [uk; zh]
* Soloti military training ground shooting
* Soviet imagery
* Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support
* Turtle tank
* U-24 association
* Ukrainian-African Renaissance
* Ukrainian conscription crisis
* Western long-range weapons in Russia
* Ural Airlines Flight 1383
* "The Vladimir Putin Interview"
* Voronezh An-26 crash
* Wagner Group plane crash
* Yeysk Su-34 crash
* Yaroslav Hunka scandal

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Vladimir Putin

* 2nd and 4th President of Russia (2000–2008; 2012–present)
* 33rd Prime Minister of Russia (1999–2000, 2008–2012)

Political activities|

* Electoral history
* Presidential elections
* 2000
* campaign
* 2004
* campaign
* 2012
* campaign
* 2018
* campaign
* 2024
* campaign
* First Cabinet
* Second Cabinet
* United Russia
* All-Russia People's Front

Presidency|

* Inaugurations
* first
* second
* third
* fourth
* fifth
* Political groups
* Putinism
* Sovereign democracy
* Speeches
* Munich 2007
* Crimea 2014
* Valdai 2014
* Federal Assembly 2020
* Donetsk and Luhansk 2022
* Ukraine 2022
* Moscow 2022
* Moscow 2023
* Protests
* 2011–2013
* 2014 anti-war protests
* 2017–2018
* 2019 Moscow election protests
* 2020–2021 Khabarovsk Krai protests
* 2021
* 2021 election protests
* 2022 anti-war protests
* Opposition
* Arrest warrant
* Wagner Group rebellion

Domestic policy|

* Legislation and programs
* national champions
* priority projects
* stabilization fund
* Managed nationalism
* Putin's Plan
* 2008–2009 recession
* 2014–2016 financial crisis
* 2022 mobilization

Foreign policy|

* International trips
* President
* Prime Minister
* United States summits
* Slovenia 2001
* Slovakia 2005
* Helsinki 2018
* Geneva 2021
* 2008 Russo-Georgian war
* North Korea summits
* 2019
* 2023
* 2024
* European energy sector
* Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
* Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
* Russo-Ukrainian War
* 2014 annexation of Crimea
* War in Donbas
* Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
* December 2021 ultimatum
* 2022 invasion
* 2022 annexations in Ukraine
* 2023 Xi Jinping visit to Russia
* 2024 Vladimir Putin visit to China
* Syrian civil war
* military intervention
* Russian world
* 2024 Ankara prisoner exchange

Family|

* Lyudmila Putina (former wife)
* Maria Vorontsova (daughter)
* Katerina Tikhonova (daughter)
* Pets
* Konni (family dog)
* Spiridon Putin (paternal grandfather)
* Igor Putin (first cousin)
* Roman Putin (son of first cousin)
* Jorrit Faassen (former son-in-law)
* Kirill Shamalov (former son-in-law)
* Svetlana Krivonogikh (alleged mother of another daughter)
* Alina Kabaeva (alleged mother of more Putin children)
* Vera Putina (alleged mother)

Public image|

* Direct Line with Vladimir Putin
* Followers
* Chapel of Russia's Resurrection
* Nashi
* PutinTeam
* Walking Together
* Tributes
* "A man like Putin"
* Happy Birthday, Mr. Putin!
* Vladimir Putin Peak
* Criticism
* Grandpa in his bunker
* NTV affair
* Putin khuylo!
* Putin Must Go
* Putin's Palace
* Putin. Corruption
* Putin. War
* Putinland
* Putinversteher
* Putler
* Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy
* Putin: The New Tsar
* Spitting Image
* Putin's Palace
* Meeting table
* Language
* Jokes
* Songs
* Claims of body doubles
* Claims of incapacity and death
* Interviews (Oliver Stone, Tucker Carlson)

* ← Dmitry Medvedev

* ← Boris Yeltsin
* Dmitry Medvedev →

* Category

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