2022 Sudan floods

Natural disaster in the Sudan in 2022

2022 Sudan floods

Date| May–December 2022
Location| Sudan

The 2022 Sudan floods saw the figure for flood-affected people in Sudan had exceeded the figure for 2021, rising to 314,500.[1] From 2017 to 2021, there were 388,600 people affected by floods annually.[1]

## Description

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Since May 2022, the north-eastern African country of Sudan has been in the rainy season. The rainy season in Sudan usually starts in June and ends in September. Peak rainfall and flooding is between August and September.[1] The level of the Nile has risen rapidly to the highest level of the last 70 years because of the persistent heavy rains.[2] The Nile level continues to rise and reached a crucial phase in the capital Khartoum. As of 23 August, the level of Nile stands at 16.42 meters, where the critical stage is 16 meters and flooding 16.5 meters.[3] According to reports, more than 4,800 livestock have been lost and nearly 5,100 hectares of land have been damaged or destroyed. This could lead to food production being hampered and contributing to high food prices and lead to a deterioration in food security, exacerbating an already perishing food emergency.[4][5] Torrential rains destroy the roads to rural areas, cutting off supply lines in need of humanitarian assistance.[6]

Alongside the floods, Sudan is in a situation of political turmoil and economic crisis, among other things. The government was taken control of via military coup by Sudanese military, which is led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan on 25 October 2021.[7] More than hundreds of thousands of people have been displaced since this military coup, with severe political, economic and social crises, heavy rains and floods occurring at the same time. The army was compelled to dissolve the transitional government of Abdalla Hamdok, in order to help reduce human casualties and economic losses.[8] But floods and coups still seriously exacerbate Sudan's economic crisis.The flood has contributed billions of dollars of economic damage to the people of Sudan.[8][9]

## Impact

[edit]

Impact in Gezira State, September 2022.

The effects of flooding have been vast, hitting 16 of Sudan's 18 states, with South Darfur, Gedaref, Central Darfur, White Nile, and Kassala being the worst hit.[10]

The physical impacts of flooding vary from place to place and include:

* Building damage or destruction (including homes, resulting in displacement; schools, with consequent suspending of school year start; medical facilities, reducing access to healthcare; shops) [11][12][13]
* Livestock killed or carried away [11][12]
* Loss of crops due to agricultural fields’ inundation [13][12]
* Damage to/destruction of roads has meant help cannot reach those in need, and restricted access to markets and health facilities.[14][13][12]
* Loss of belongings, including identity documents.[13]
* Livelihoods affected in connection with above

## Displacement

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Flooding occurring from May to 20 October 2022 has resulted in 97,227 newly displaced individuals (54% of whom are women) with the highest figures in Gedaref (35%), North Darfur (17%), South Darfur (13%) and River Nile (10%).[15]

Turkish (right) and Saudi (left) aids in Gezira State.

IDPs are staying in a variety of temporary housing solutions: erecting shelters close to their previous homes in areas with less damage, staying with others, sheltering in schools (where still standing), others are sleeping in the open air.[16][14][11][17][13]

Sudan has a high population of refugees (1.1M) and IDPs (3.7M).  [18] Between January and September 2022, inter-communal violence and armed attacks (which is ongoing) caused the displacement of more than 211,000 people.[19] Therefore, many of those displaced by the floods were already IDPs.[16]

South Darfur has the highest concentration of individuals in need, totalling 1,703,267 IDPs, refugees, returnees and other vulnerable people.[20] The state hosts 1.1M IDPs and 30 IDPs camps.[20] Flooding at the Kalma IDPs camp (population: 126,200) has made drinking water unsafe due to contamination and spoiled food stocks.[21] Homes, WASH facilities and school structures were also damaged.[21]

## Immediate mortality and morbidity

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Contaminated water, overcrowded shelters, displacement, and inadequate sanitation can all arise following floods, but public health initiatives can stop these things from happening.[22]

Overall, there is not a lot of definitive data on post-disaster disease and the literature and reporting on this is poor. However, conclusions can be drawn from a compilation of other relevant reports in most cases. Floods exacerbate acute episodes of chronic and non-communicable diseases as well as the management of these conditions.[22] The availability of personal and medical services is impacted by disasters, which has an impact on the management of chronic and non-communicable diseases as well as the continuity of care.[23] The majority of mortality studies' findings mirror this, and it may be linked to a rise in the number of persons seeking medical attention. For the post-disaster era, it is crucial to establish the care requirements for those with chronic or non-communicable diseases as well as the anticipated disease burden.

## See also

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* List of Sudan floods
* Floods in South Sudan

## References

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1. ^ a b c "Sudan: Humanitarian Update, September 2022 (No. 08) - Sudan | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
2. ^ "苏丹尼罗河水位上升至70多年来最高记录_洪水_受灾_报告". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2022-10-30.[permanent dead link]
3. ^ "(Updated) Sudan – Flood Death Toll Rises, Nile Climbs Above Alert Level in Khartoum – FloodList". floodlist.com. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
4. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Devastation in South Sudan following fourth year of historic floods". UNHCR. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
5. ^ "Sudan: Weekly Floods Round-up, No. 07 (19 September 2022) - Sudan | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
6. ^ AfricaNews (2022-09-15). "Sudan floods kill 134 people, destroy 16 900 homes". Africanews. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
7. ^ "October–November 2021 Sudanese coup d'état", Wikipedia, 2022-10-15, retrieved 2022-10-30
8. ^ a b "Severe flooding kills scores in Sudan - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East". www.al-monitor.com. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
9. ^ "苏丹暴雨引发洪水 全国近23万人受灾 | 早报". www.zaobao.com.sg (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 2022-10-30.
10. ^ "Sudan". reports.unocha.org. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
11. ^ a b c https://assessments.hpc.tools/attachments/48b2fa61-69d7-4f17-b616-888ad41c57cd/20220824 _Inter-Agency Flood Assessment Report_Central Darfur_ Draft.pdf
12. ^ a b c d https://assessments.hpc.tools/attachments/a2b11fa6-0cfe-4fcf-b0e4-1d38c774deb1/20220821_Inter-Agency Flood Assessment Report_Sennar State.pdf
13. ^ a b c d e "Inter-Sectoral/ Agency Assessment: Impact Of Flooding In Gedaref State | Assessment & Analysis Knowledge Management Platform". assessments.hpc.tools. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
14. ^ a b "Sudan floods: No sign of relief from torrential rains as 23 more people die". Radio Dabanga. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
15. ^ "Sudan - Rainy Season Summary (May–October) (Update 009) | Displacement". displacement.iom.int. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
16. ^ a b "Africa Today - Lesotho holds parliamentary elections - BBC Sounds". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
17. ^ "ACAPS Briefing Note - Sudan: Floods, 09 September 2022 - Sudan | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
18. ^ https://unh.cr/63505e3bdc
19. ^ "Sudan Situation Report, 17 Oct 2022 - Sudan". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
20. ^ a b "Sudan: South Darfur State Profile (Updated March 2022) - Sudan | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
21. ^ a b darfur (2022-08-12). "Dangerous Living Situations at Kalma Camp in South Darfur Nyala". Darfur Monitors. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
22. ^ a b Saulnier, Dell D.; Brolin Ribacke, Kim; von Schreeb, Johan (October 2017). "No Calm After the Storm: A Systematic Review of Human Health Following Flood and Storm Disasters". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 32 (5): 568–579. doi:10.1017/S1049023X17006574. ISSN 1945-1938. PMID 28606191.
23. ^ Alderman, Katarzyna; Turner, Lyle R.; Tong, Shilu (2012-10-15). "Floods and human health: a systematic review". Environment International. 47: 37–47. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.003. ISSN 1873-6750. PMID 22750033.

* v
* t
* e

Floods in Africa

20th century|

* 1908 Port Elizabeth flood
* 1981 Laingsburg flood
* 1987 South Africa floods
* 1988 Sudan floods
* 1994 Dronka floods and lightning strike
* 1994 Merriespruit tailings dam disaster

2000s|

* 2000 Mozambique flood
* 2007 African floods
* 2007 Mozambican flood
* 2007 Sudan floods
* 2008 Namibia floods
* 2009 Angola, Namibia and Zambia floods
* 2009 West Africa floods
* 2008 Benin floods
* Early 2000 Madagascar floods

2010s|

* 2010–2011 Southern Africa floods
* 2013 Sudan floods
* 2015 Southeast Africa floods
* 2016 Accra floods
* 2016 Ethiopian flood
* 2016 Johannesburg flood
* 2016 Niger flood
* 2016–2017 Zimbabwe floods
* 2018 Sudan floods
* 2019 Durban Easter floods
* 2019–2020 Congo River floods

2020 and 2021|

* 2020 African Sahel floods
* 2020 East Africa floods
* 2020 Sudan floods
* 2021 Niger floods

2022 Africa floods|

* 2022 Accra floods
* 2022 Antananarivo floods
* 2022 Bukavu floods
* 2022 Chad floods
* 2022 Eastern Cape floods
* 2022 Kasese District landslides
* 2022 Kinshasa floods
* 2022 KwaZulu-Natal floods
* 2022 Nigeria floods
* 2022 Rwanda floods
* 2022 Sudan floods

2023 Africa floods|

* 2023 African Great Lakes floods
* 2023 South Africa floods
* 2023 Western Cape floods

2024 Africa floods|

* Kenya–Tanzania
* Mai Mahiu
* South Africa
* West Africa

* v
* t
* e

Floods in 2022

Africa|

* Chad
* Democratic Republic of Congo
* Bukavu
* Kinshasa
* Ghana
* Accra
* Madagascar
* Antananarivo
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* Sudan
* South Africa
* Eastern Cape
* KwaZulu-Natal
* Uganda
* Kasese District

Asia|

* South Asia
* Afghanistan
* China
* Qinghai
* India–Bangladesh
* Amarnath
* Silchar
* Iran
* Jordan
* Laos
* Malaysia
* East Coast
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Saudi Arabia
* South Korea
* Sumatra
* United Arab Emirates

Europe|

* Greece
* Italy
* Marche
* United Kingdom

North America|

* Haiti
* United States
* Montana
* July–August nationwide floods
* Puerto Rico

South America|

* Brazil
* Northeastern Brazil
* Petrópolis
* Suriname
* Uruguay
* Montevideo

Oceania|

* Australia
* Eastern Australia
* New South Wales
* South Eastern Australia
* New Zealand

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