2023 Guatemalan general election

* * *

| <- 2019 | 25 June 2023 (2023-06-25) (first round)
20 August 2023 (2023-08-20) (second round) | 2027 ->

|
|

Opinion polls

Presidential election

Turnout| 60.78% (first round)  1.06pp
44.98% (second round)  2.32pp
|  |  |

|
|

Candidate  | Bernardo Arévalo | Sandra Torres
Party  | Semilla | UNE
Running mate  | Karin Herrera | Romeo Guerra
Popular vote  | 2,442,718 | 1,567,664
Percentage  | 60.91% | 39.09%

* * *

First round results by municipality

First round results by department

Second round results by municipality

Second round results by department

* * *

| President before election

Alejandro Giammattei
Vamos

| Elected President

Bernardo Arévalo
Semilla

|

Legislative election

* * *

All 160 seats in Congress
81 seats needed for a majority
| Party | Leader  | Vote %  | Seats  | +/–

|
|
|
|

Vamos | Víctor Valenzuela  | 18.69  | 39  | +22
UNE | Adim Maldonado  | 15.85  | 28  | −24
Semilla | Jonathan Menkos | 14.61  | 23  | +16
Cabal | Julio Héctor Estrada | 7.96  | 18  | +18
VIVA | Evelyn Morataya | 5.89  | 11  | +4
Valor–Unionist | Álvaro Arzú Escobar | 4.84  | 12  | 0
VOS | Orlando Blanco  | 3.78  | 4  | +4
Todos | Felipe Alejos  | 3.60  | 6  | −1
Winaq–URNG | Sonia Gutiérrez | 2.67  | 1  | −6
PPN | Nadia de León Torres | 2.50  | 3  | +3
BIEN | Fidel Reyes Lee  | 2.38  | 4  | −4
Victoria | Juan Carlos Rivera  | 2.17  | 3  | −1
Blue | Jorge Villagrán  | 1.95  | 2  | +2
Elephant | Rodrigo Pellecer  | 1.87  | 2  | +2
CREO | Óscar Chinchilla | 1.66  | 3  | −3
Change | Jorge Baldizón  | 1.02  | 1  | +1

This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

President of the Congress before | President of the Congress after

|

Shirley Rivera
Vamos | Samuel Pérez
Semilla
This article is part of a series on

Politics of Guatemala

Legal framework

* Constitution of Guatemala

* Human rights
* LGBT rights
* Abortion law
* Capital punishment

Executive

* President of Guatemala

* Bernardo Arévalo

* Vice President of Guatemala

* Karin Herrera

* * *

* Ministries
* Secretariats

Legislature

* Guatemalan Congress

* * *

* Leadership

* President Nery Ramos

* 1st Vice President Darwin Lucas Paiz

* 2nd Vice President César Amézquita

* 3rd Vice President Nery Rodas

Judiciary

* Supreme Court of Justice of Guatemala

* President Oscar Cruz Oliva

* Sagastume
* Palacios
* Padilla
* Coyoy
* Duarte
* Castañeda

* Roca
* Calderón
* Méndez
* Barrera
* Carillo
* Palacios

* * *

* Constitutional Court of Guatemala

* President Héctor Hugo Pérez Aguilera

* Pimentel
* Arriaga
* Barreto
* Escribá

* Contreras
* Pérez
* Villatoro
* Texaj
* Marroquín

Elections

* Recent Elections

* 2023
* 2019
* 2015
* 2011
* 2007

* * *

* Administrative divisions

* Departments
* Municipalities

Political parties

* AZUL
* BIEN
* CABAL
* CAMBIO
* CREO
* ELEFANTE
* PPN
* SEMILLA
* TODOS
* UNE
* VALOR
* VAMOS
* VICTORIA
* VIVA
* VOS
* WINAQ

* * *

* Former parties

* * *

* List of political parties

Foreign relations

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs

* Minister: Carlos Ramiro Martínez

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of / in Guatemala

* * *

* Nationality law
* Passport

Visa requirements
* Visa policy

* * *

* Belize
* Cuba
* India
* Kosovo
* Mexico
* Peru
* Russia
* Spain
* Taiwan
* Turkey
* United States
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Guatemala portal

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

|  |

This article is part of
a series about

Bernardo Arévalo

|

* Biography

* * *

Political career

* Member of Congress (2020–2024)
* Secretary-General of Semilla (2022–2023)
* President of Guatemala (2024–present)

* * *

Presidency

* Cabinet
* Transition
* Inauguration

* * *

Elections

* 2019 (Deputy)
* 2023 (President)

* * *

Family

* Lucrecia Peinado
* Juan José Arévalo

* * *

* v
* t
* e

General elections were held in Guatemala on 25 June 2023 to elect the president and vice president, all 160 seats in Congress, all 20 members of the Central American Parliament, and mayors and councils for all the country's 340 municipalities. Incumbent president Alejandro Giammattei was constitutionally prohibited from running for a second four-year term.[1] However, as no presidential candidate obtained over 50 percent of the vote in the first round on 25 June 2023, a second round was held between the top two finishers on 20 August 2023: Congressman Bernardo Arévalo (the son of former president Juan José Arévalo) of the Movimiento Semilla and Sandra Torres, a former first lady representing the National Unity of Hope (UNE) party.[2] Arévalo defeated Torres in the second round with nearly 61 percent of the vote in what was seen as a landslide.[3] The ruling Vamos party won the largest number of seats in Congress.[4]

The certification of the first round results by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal was delayed after the Constitutional Court granted an injunction to parties who challenged the results. On 12 July, the Public Prosecution Service (MP) announced that Semilla was suspended for alleged cases of false signatures to establish the party. This action would have prohibited Arévalo's participation in the second round. The following day, the Constitutional Court reversed the suspension, paving the way for the second round of the presidential election to proceed.

President Alejandro Giammattei congratulated Arévalo for his win in the runoff, promising an orderly transition once the results are certified. A key representative of the Organization of American States (OAS), which has a team of 86 election observers in Guatemala, said the runoff voting had gone smoothly. Torres and the National Unity of Hope did not accept the electoral result and alleged electoral fraud in favor of Arévalo.[5][6]

On 12 September 2023, the Public Prosecution Service opened the boxes containing the electoral ballots. The Supreme Electoral Tribunal condemned the decision and described it as "illegal". The attorney general's office stated that there are "several investigations" against the electoral process.[7] Legally, it is not possible to open electoral boxes and it is only valid with those contested within the time established by law.[8]

On 8 December 2023, the Attorney General's office found "irregularities" in the presidential election and requested that the results be annulled. Prosecutors José Rafael Curruchiche and Leonor Eugenia Morales Lazo announced that they found "altered vote counts" inside ballot boxes and claimed the boxes were not properly secured. Lazo said the irregularities should annul the election for president, Vice President, and Congress.[9] On 14 December, the Constitutional Court, in a 4–1 decision, upheld the results of the election, ordered the Congress to "guarantee" the inauguration of Arévalo, and rejected the moves of the Public Prosecutor to have the elections nullified.[10] However, challenges in the Congress led to delays in the inauguration, which finally took place in the early morning of 15 January.[11]

## Background

[edit]

In July 2021, Attorney General María Consuelo Porras dismissed the head of the special prosecutor's office against impunity, Juan Francisco Sandoval. Sandoval left the country shortly afterwards to 'protect [his] life and integrity'. The Attorney General subsequently increased investigations on judges, lawyers and prosecutors linked to the fight against corruption; several former investigators of the Special Prosecutor's Office against Impunity (FECI) and the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) were arrested in 2022 and others forced into exile or else continually harassed.[12][13] Among the exiled judges are Miguel Ángel Gálvez (known for handling the La Línea corruption case) and Erika Aifán (awarded with the International Women of Courage Award in 2021).[13] In September 2021, the United States Department of State announced that it had added Porras to a list of "undemocratic and corrupt" officials.[14] According to the US State Department, Porras "actively undermined" the corruption investigations conducted by Sandoval and his team.[14] Among those sanctioned by the United States are also the Secretary General of the Public Prosecution Service Ángel Pineda and the head of the Special Prosecutor's Office Against Impunity and Porras' right-hand man, Rafael Curruchiche.[15]

At the end of July 2022, the police arrested journalist José Rubén Zamora, founder of the daily El Periódico, and searched the newspaper's headquarters, which had accused President Alejandro Giammattei and Attorney General Consuelo Porras of corruption.[16] Some journalists also went into exile after the Public Prosecution Service began investigations against them.[17] During the trial of José Rubén Zamora in 2023, a judge asked to initiate an investigation against nine journalists.[18] In November 2022, Amnesty International declared Virginia Laparra a "prisoner of conscience". Laparra was one of the jailed anti-corruption prosecutors who was part of Juan Francisco Sandoval's team.[19]

The United Nations and the European Union condemned the investigations of anti-corruption prosecutors in Guatemala and expressed that these procedures "weaken" the rule of law.[20] The International Federation for Human Rights, the World Organisation Against Torture and other NGOs warned in 2022 about the "strengthening of authoritarian rule" in Guatemala and declared that the country was "experiencing an alarming phenomenon of capture and control of public institutions by economic and political elites".[21]

A sharp increase in violent crime and a punishingly high cost of living have made Giammattei deeply unpopular.[22] In January 2022, halfway through his term, Giammattei had a 27% approval rating according to a CID Gallup poll, one of the lowest among the continent's presidents.[23] In 2023, only 2.9% of respondents rate the Giammattei administration as good.[24] Emigration to the United States increased sharply under his presidency.[22]

### Registration of candidates

[edit]

The registration of candidates for the elections was also clouded by criticism for the "unclear" arguments used by the Registry of Citizens and the magistrates of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal. The ticket of Movement for the Liberation of Peoples was not registered due to "legal problems" of the vice-presidential candidate Jordán Rodas;[25] while Roberto Arzú's candidacy was revoked for allegedly carrying out "anticipated campaigning".[25] Presidential candidate Edmond Mulet was denounced by the Public Prosecution Service for three consecutive days. The first complaint he received was for having spoken out against the investigation of the nine journalists during the Zamora trial, while the other two were for allegedly engaging in "anticipated campaigning" for which reason Mulet's participation is uncertain.[26][27] The Supreme Court of Justice rejected the challenge, however, on 11 May, the Public Prosecution Service challenged Mulet's candidacy before the Constitutional Court.[28]

On 21 March 2023, the Electoral Tribunal announced that it had rejected the candidacy of the party Commitment, Renewal and Order due to "legal problems" of presidential candidate Francisco Arredondo.[29] The political party filed a legal appeal to reverse the decision of the electoral court, finally, the magistrates accepted the appeal and registered Arredondo as a presidential candidate.[30] The candidacies presented by the Opportunities and Development Party were annulled for not correctly carrying out their nomination assemblies.[31]

Cabal[32] and the URNG–Winaq coalition[33] challenged the candidacy of Zury Ríos before the Registry of Citizens, stating that the Constitution prevented her from running for the presidency because she is the daughter of former president Efraín Ríos Montt who came to power through a coup. Although the appeals were dismissed, Cabal also challenged before the Supreme Court of Justice and the Constitutional Court but they were rejected and Ríos's candidacy remained firm.[32][34]

Todos challenged the candidacy of Sandra Torres before the Registry of Citizens, the Supreme Court of Justice and the Constitutional Court, affirming that Romeo Guerra, Torres's nominee for vice president, had a constitutional impediment, since the Constitution prevents ministers of worship to running for president and vice president and Guerra was an evangelical pastor before becoming Torres's running mate. The process was rejected by the Electoral Registry and the Supreme Court of Justice.[35][36] Finally, the Constitutional Court rejected the legal challenge and Torres's candidacy was maintained.[37]

In May 2023, Change challenged the candidacy of Carlos Pineda before the Supreme Court of Justice. The legal filing claimed that there were "irregularities" in the nomination assemblies of Citizen Prosperity.[38] On 19 May, a judge accepted the legal appeal presented, so Carlos Pineda's candidacy was annulled, along with 218 other candidates for deputies and mayors from Citizen Prosperity.[39][40] On 9 June, a court accepted a legal appeal filed by the Secretary-General of Citizen Prosperity Lilian Piedad García and ordered the registration of lists for candidates for deputies in eleven departments, however, the presidential ticket, the candidates for deputies by National List, the Central District, the Central American Parliament and the other eleven departments, and mayoral candidates remained out of contention.[41] On 11 June, the Constitutional Court revoked the legal recourse granted to the party and ordered the Public Prosecution Service to investigate the court that issued the recourse.[42]

The opposition party Semilla has alleged "irregularities" in a case against it for allegedly forging the signature of a party affiliate. The file was transferred from the Electoral Crimes Prosecutor's Office to the Special Prosecutor's Office Against Impunity led by Curruchiche. Presidential candidate Bernardo Arévalo said that these actions put the party's electoral participation at risk.[43] Deputy Samuel Pérez Álvarez alleged "partiality" on the part of the judicial authorities. He also indicated that in 2015, the Registry of Citizens detected alleged anomalies in almost 12,000 signatures of members of the Progressive Liberator Party (now Valor) and the process has not advanced.[44][45]

The opposition party Will, Opportunity and Solidarity led by presidential candidate Manuel Villacorta was denounced for allegedly falsifying affiliate signatures in May 2023. Villacorta has previously denounced "systematic attacks" to curb his party's participation.[46][47]

## Campaign

[edit]

Results from the 2020 Latinobarómetro survey indicated that Guatemala had one of the lowest levels of trust and support for democracy in the region among the electorate: only 37% of citizens considered democracy to be preferable to any other form of government, and 65% were not satisfied with how it operated in Guatemala. In terms of political rights, only 9% of Guatemalans considered that their right to participate in political life is fully guaranteed. The atmosphere of optimism for change that had been present for the elections in 2015 had faded by 2020.[48]

Of the 4.5 million registered citizens aged between 18 and 30, only 2.6 million were on the electoral roll and eligible to vote in 2023.[48]

A substantial number of candidates ran a right-wing campaign, highlighting their attachment to religious values and the defence of private property, as well as their opposition to the legalisation of abortion. In particular, the security policies of Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele were held up as an example to follow. The Evangelical churches continue to have a major influence on political life, having participated in the selection of Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges, among other things. During the final debate of the campaign, the discussions focused in particular on gay marriage, while the issue of poverty, which affects at least 54% of the population, was ignored. On the contrary, "the discourse and ideas of the left have disappeared from the debate", due to the elimination of the most popular left-wing candidates by the electoral authorities.[49]

The three favourites in the election (Ríos, Torres, and Mulet) made extensive use of clientelist practices. People who came to their meetings were offered various gifts, even a sum of money in the case of Ríos. Political party activists circulate among the ranks, taking down the names and addresses of those present as "primary beneficiaries" in the event of their candidate's victory. Vote buying is a common practice in Guatemalan elections and often goes unpunished.[49]

After proceeding to the run-off, Torres focused on winning over conservative voters, particularly supporters of Ríos. Torres expressed her opposition to same-sex marriage and instead promoted family values.[50] She accused Semilla of being a "socialist" and "communist" party.[51] She accused her second round opponent, Arévalo, of being a puppet of both former attorney general Thelma Aldana and Colombian defense minister Iván Velásquez. Aldana and Velásquez together had investigated corruption cases in Guatemala for the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala. Political analyst Luis Mack noted that Torres's attacks against Arévalo were an appeal to religious conservatives and the far-right, both of which opposed anti-corruption efforts and foreign interference in Guatemala.[50] Torres also accused Arévalo of wanting to expropriate private property and end religious freedom in favor of an "LGBT ideology".[51]

### Fraud allegations

[edit]

Some political parties and their presidential candidates such as Amílcar Rivera (Victory),[52] Arévalo (Semilla)[52] and Manuel Villacorta (Will, Opportunity and Solidarity)[53] openly expressed the possibility of electoral fraud. Adding to these denunciations were the excluded presidential candidates Thelma Cabrera (Movement for the Liberation of Peoples),[54] Roberto Arzú (Podemos)[53] and Pineda (Citizen Prosperity),[55] the last of whom saw a steep rise in opinion polls in April 2023, placing him within the top three finishers.[56]

Journalist Andrés Oppenheimer compared the electoral fraud accusations in Guatemala to Donald Trump's attempts to overturn the results of the 2020 United States presidential election.[57]

## Electoral system

[edit]

### President

[edit]

The President of Guatemala is elected using the two-round system.[58]

### Congress

[edit]

The 160 members of Congress are elected by two methods; 130 are elected from 22 multi-member constituencies based on the departments, with the remaining 31 elected from a single nationwide constituency. Seats are elected using closed list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the D'Hondt method.[58]

District  | Seats

|

Alta Verapaz | 9
Baja Verapaz | 2
Chimaltenango | 5
Chiquimula | 3
El Progreso | 2
Escuintla | 6
Guatemala | 19
Guatemala City | 11
Huehuetenango | 10
Izabal | 3
Jalapa | 3
Jutiapa | 4
National List | 32
Petén | 4
Quetzaltenango | 7
Quiché | 8
Retalhuleu | 3
Sacatepéquez | 3
San Marcos | 9
Santa Rosa | 3
Sololá | 3
Suchitepéquez | 5
Totonicapán | 4
Zacapa | 2
Total  | 160

## Presidential candidates

[edit]

Party  | Presidential candidate  | Vice presidential candidate[a] | Date declared

|
|
|

UNE |  | Sandra Torres
First Lady of Guatemala
(2008–2011) | Romeo Guerra | 8 January 2023[59]
| Blue
Party |  | Isaac Farchi
Member of the Congress
(1996–2000) | Mauricio Zaldaña | 4 December 2022[60]

Valor

* * *

Unionist |  | Zury Ríos (Valor)
2nd Vice President of the Congress
(2000–2004)
Member of the Congress
(1996–2012) | Héctor Cifuentes (Unionist)
Member of the Congress
(2000–2004)
Minister of Labor
(1997–1998) | 11 December 2022[61]
| Cabal |  | Edmond Mulet
Head of MINUSTAH
(2006–2007; 2010–2011)
President of the Congress
(1992–1993)
Member of the Congress
(1982–1993) | Máximo Santa Cruz | 11 December 2022[62]

Todos |  | Ricardo Sagastume
Minister of Economy
(2015) | Guillermo González | 23 October 2022[63]

Vamos |  | Manuel Conde
Member of the Congress
(2016–2024)
Member of the Central American
Parliament
(1991–1996) | Luis Antonio Suárez | 7 January 2023[64]

PHG |  | Rudio Lecsan Mérida
Member of the Congress
(1996–2000; 2020–present)
Head of PNC
(2000–2001) | Rubén Darío Rosales
Mayor of Santa María Cahabón
(2008–2012) | 10 December 2022[65]
| Republican
Party |  | Rafael Espada
Member of the Central American
Parliament
(2012–2016)
Vice President of Guatemala
(2008–2012) | Arturo Herrador | 14 January 2023[66]
| National
Integration
Party |  | Luis Lam Padilla
Ambassador to the United Nations
(2019–2022) | Otto Marroquín | 8 January 2023[67]
| Elephant
Community |  | Hugo Peña | Hugo Jhonson | 11 February 2023[68]

Victory |  | Amílcar Rivera
Mayor of Mixco
(2004–2012) | Fernando Mazariegos | 15 January 2023[69]
| Semilla |  | Bernardo Arévalo
Member of the Congress
(2020–2024)
Ambassador to Spain
(1995–1996)
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
(1994–1995) | Karin Larissa Herrera | 22 January 2023[70]

FCN |  | Sammy Morales | Miguel Ángel Moir | 12 February 2023[71]
| PPN |  | Rudy Guzmán | Diego González
Member of the Congress
(2020–present) | 22 January 2023[72]
| Republican
Union |  | Giulio Talamonti
Director of the Penitentiary System
(2009) | Oscar Barrientos | 29 January 2023[73]

URNG

* * *

Winaq |  | Amílcar Pop (Winaq)
Member of the Central American
Parliament
(2020–present)
Member of the Congress
(2012–2020) | Mónica Enríquez (URNG)  | 29 January 2023[74]

CREO |  | Francisco Arredondo
Minister of Public Health
(2012) | Francisco Bermúdez Amado
Minister of Defense
(2005–2006) | 26 February 2023[75]

BIEN |  | Giovanni Reyes | Oscar Figueroa | 12 February 2023[76]

VIVA |  | Armando Castillo
3rd Vice President of the Congress
(2020–2022)
Member of the Congress
(2020–2024) | Édgar Grisolia | 11 February 2023[77]
| My Family |  | Julio Rivera Clavería
Deputy Minister of the Interior
(1988–1989; 2012) | José Urrutia Estrada | 18 March 2023[78]
| Change |  | Álvaro Trujillo Baldizón
Member of the Congress
(2012–2016) | Miguel Ángel Ibarra
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
(2008–2010) | 5 February 2023[79]
| VOS |  | Manuel Villacorta
Ambassador to Israel
(1999–2000) | Jorge Mario García España | 26 February 2023[80]

### Rejected

[edit]

Party  | Presidential candidate  | Vice presidential candidate[a] | Date declared

|
|
|

| MLP |  | Thelma Cabrera |  | Jordán Rodas
Ombudsman
(2017–2022) | 28 December 2022[81]
| Podemos |  | Roberto Arzú | David Pineda | 11 December 2022[82]
| PODER |  | Óscar Rodolfo Castañeda
Minister of Agriculture
(2000)
Member of the Congress
(1996–2000) | Luis Adrián Ruiz
Deputy Minister of Communications
(2012) | 19 March 2023[83]

PC |  | Carlos Pineda | Efraín Orozco | 5 February 2023[84]

### Declined

[edit]

#### Parties

[edit]

The following political parties did not run for a presidential ticket, but did run candidates for deputies and mayors.

* Guatemalan People's Party (PPG)[85]
* National Advancement Party (PAN)[86]

#### Individuals

[edit]

* Alfonso Alonso, Minister of Environment and Natural Resources (2018–2020) (National Convergence Front)[87]
* Marcos Antil, immigrant rights activist (Will, Opportunity and Solidarity)[88][89]
* Manuel Baldizón, member of Congress (2004–2008) (Change) (running for re-election)[90]
* Neto Bran, Mayor of Mixco (2016–present) (Guatemalan People's Party) (running for re-election)[91][92][93]
* Juan Carlos Eggenberger, businessman (Together) (running for Mayor of Guatemala City for National Advancement Party)[87]
* Javier Hernández, member of Congress (2016–present) (National Convergence Front) (running for re-election)[94]
* Antonio Malouf, Minister of Economy (2020–2022) (Humanist Party of Guatemala/Citizen Prosperity)[95]
* Jordán Rodas, Ombudsman (2017–2022) (Semilla–Winaq–URNG) (running for Vice President for Movement for the Liberation of Peoples)[96][81]

## Congress

[edit]

Party  | Leader  | 2019 result

|
|

Votes (%)  | Seats
| National Unity of Hope |  | Adim Maldonado | 17.92%  |

54 / 160

| Vamos |  | Víctor Valenzuela | 7.96%  |

17 / 160

| Valor |  | Álvaro Arzú Escobar | 4.55%  |

9 / 160

| Unionist Party | 2.93%  |

3 / 160

| National Convergence Front |  | Jimmy Morales | 5.23%  |

8 / 160

| Bienestar Nacional |  | Fidel Reyes Lee | 4.79%  |

8 / 160

| Movimiento Semilla |  | Jonathan Menkos | 5.24%  |

7 / 160

| Vision with Values |  | Evelyn Morataya | 4.70%  |

7 / 160

| Todos |  | Felipe Alejos | 4.39%  |

7 / 160

| Winaq |  | Sonia Gutiérrez | 3.50%  |

4 / 160

| Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity | 2.78%  |

3 / 160

| Humanist Party of Guatemala |  | Laura Mérida | 4.66%  |

6 / 160

| Commitment, Renewal and Order |  | Óscar Chinchilla | 4.40%  |

6 / 160

| Victory |  | Juan Carlos Rivera | 2.51%  |

4 / 160

| National Advancement Party |  | Aníbal Rojas | 2.72%  |

2 / 160

| Movement for the Liberation of Peoples |  | Blanca Julia Ajtún | 2.98%  |

1 / 160

| Podemos |  | Ronald Sierra | 1.68%  |

1 / 160

| National Change Union[b] | —  | —  | 5.46%  |

12 / 160

| Republican Union  |  | Herber Melgar Padilla | New party
| Blue Party  |  | Jorge Mario Villagrán | New party
| Nosotros |  | Nadia de León Torres | New party
| Cabal |  | Julio Héctor Estrada | New party
| Change |  | Jorge Baldizón | New party
| Guatemalan People's Party |  | Elder Zoel Arévalo | New party
| Republican Party  |  | Carlos Velásquez | New party
| Elephant Community  |  | Rodrigo Pellecer | New party
| National Integration Party  |  | Henry Castillo | New party
| Will, Opportunity and Solidarity |  | Orlando Blanco | New party
| My Family  |  | Byron López | New party

## Opinion polls

[edit]

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2023 Guatemalan general election

### Second round

[edit]

Polling firm  | Fieldwork date  | Sample size  | Arévalo
Semilla | Torres
UNE | Blank/ Null

|
|
|
|
|

Second round | 20 August 2023  | —  | 60.9% | 39.1%  | —
Prodatos / Prensa Libre[97] | 10–14 August 2023 | 1,200  | 64.9% | 35.1%  | —
53.6% | 29.0%  | 17.4%
CID Gallup[98] | 4–13 August 2023 | 1,819  | 61.0% | 39.0%  | —
CID Gallup[99] | 18–27 July 2023  | 1,242  | 63.0% | 37.0%  | —
Innovem[100] | 20–26 July 2023  | 3,773  | 37.8%  | 45.0% | 17.2%

### First round

[edit]

## Results

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: full results at 100% count. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2023)

|

### President

[edit]

Candidate| Running mate| Party| First round| Second round

|
|
|
|

Votes| %| Votes| %
| Sandra Torres| Romeo Guerra| National Unity of Hope| 888,924| 21.10| 1,567,664| 39.09
| Bernardo Arévalo| Karin Herrera| Semilla| 653,486| 15.51| 2,442,718| 60.91
| Manuel Conde| Luis Antonio Suárez| Vamos| 436,918| 10.37|
| Armando Castillo| Édgar Grisolia| Vision with Values| 397,469| 9.44|
| Edmond Mulet| Máximo Santa Cruz| Cabal| 369,903| 8.78|
| Zury Ríos| Héctor Cifuentes| Valor–Unionist| 366,574| 8.70|
| Manuel Villacorta| Jorge Mario García| Will, Opportunity and Solidarity| 236,886| 5.62|
| Giovanni Reyes| Óscar Figueroa| Bienestar Nacional| 142,129| 3.37|
| Amílcar Rivera| Fernando Mazariegos| Victory| 137,793| 3.27|
| Amílcar Pop| Mónica Enríquez| Winaq–URNG–MAIZ| 88,211| 2.09|
| Ricardo Sagastume| Guillermo González| Todos| 78,503| 1.86|
| Rudy Guzmán| Diego González| Nosotros| 66,962| 1.59|
| Isaac Farchi| Mauricio Zaldaña| Blue Party| 61,544| 1.46|
| Julio Rivera| José Urrutia| My Family| 46,365| 1.10|
| Francisco Arredondo| Francisco Bermúdez| Commitment, Renewal and Order| 43,786| 1.04|
| Giulio Talamonti| Óscar Barrientos| Republican Union| 40,363| 0.96|
| Hugo Peña| Hugo Johnson| Elephant Community| 39,658| 0.94|
| Rudio Lecsan Mérida| Rubén Darío Rosales| Humanist Party| 35,423| 0.84|
| Rafael Espada| Arturo Herrador| Republican Party| 32,497| 0.77|
| Sammy Morales| Miguel Ángel Moir| National Convergence Front| 22,816| 0.54|
| Álvaro Trujillo| Miguel Ángel Ibarra| Change| 18,306| 0.43|
| Luis Lam Padilla| Otto Marroquín| National Integration Party| 7,944| 0.19|
Total| 4,212,460| 100.00| 4,010,382| 100.00
Valid votes| 4,212,460| 74.92| 4,010,382| 95.25
Invalid votes| 1,021,607| 18.17| 147,165| 3.50
Blank votes| 388,363| 6.91| 52,687| 1.25
Total votes| 5,622,430| 100.00| 4,210,234| 100.00
Registered voters/turnout| 9,249,794| 60.78| 9,361,068| 44.98
Source: TSE (first round) TSE (second round)

### Congress

[edit]

Party or alliance| National| District| Total
seats| +/–
Votes| %| Seats| Votes| %| Seats
| Vamos| 628,126| 15.06| 6| 696,325| 15.54| 33| 39| +23
| National Unity of Hope| 538,010| 12.90| 5| 571,867| 12.76| 23| 28| –26
| Semilla| 488,692| 11.72| 5| 430,297| 9.60| 18| 23| +16
| Cabal| 371,215| 8.90| 3| 401,035| 8.95| 15| 18| New
| Vision with Values| 288,546| 6.92| 3| 258,605| 5.77| 8| 11| +4
| Valor–Unionist| | Valor–Unionist| 229,861| 5.51| 2| 124,133| 2.77| 3| 5| New
| Valor| –| 197,538| 4.41| 7| 7| –2
| Unionist Party| –| 22,363| 0.50| 0| 0| –3
| Will, Opportunity and Solidarity| 186,438| 4.47| 1| 178,750| 3.99| 3| 4| New
| Todos| 169,101| 4.05| 1| 198,893| 4.44| 5| 6| –1
| URNG–MAIZ–Winaq| | URNG–MAIZ–Winaq| 133,694| 3.21| 1| 25,013| 0.56| 0| 1| New
| Winaq| –| 76,137| 1.70| 0| 0| –3
| Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity| –| 87,687| 1.96| 0| 0| –3
| Nosotros| 131,217| 3.15| 1| 138,742| 3.10| 2| 3| New
| Victory| 124,946| 3.00| 1| 126,830| 2.83| 2| 3| –
| Bienestar Nacional| 112,742| 2.70| 1| 121,488| 2.71| 3| 4| –4
| Blue Party| 98,487| 2.36| 1| 109,802| 2.45| 1| 2| New
| Elephant Community| 95,435| 2.29| 1| 90,040| 2.01| 1| 2| New
| Podemos| 86,475| 2.07| 0| 87,011| 1.94| 0| 0| –1
| Commitment, Renewal and Order| 84,667| 2.03| 0| 102,421| 2.29| 3| 3| –3
| Movement for the Liberation of Peoples| 74,802| 1.79| 0| 81,142| 1.81| 0| 0| –1
| Humanist Party of Guatemala| 61,564| 1.48| 0| 72,059| 1.61| 0| 0| –6
| Change| 52,754| 1.26| 0| 87,821| 1.96| 1| 1| New
| National Advancement Party| 45,940| 1.10| 0| 41,594| 0.93| 0| 0| –2
| My Family| 45,402| 1.09| 0| 44,576| 0.99| 0| 0| New
| Republican Union| 34,982| 0.84| 0| 34,159| 0.76| 0| 0| New
| National Convergence Front| 28,827| 0.69| 0| 29,386| 0.66| 0| 0| –8
| Guatemalan People's Party| 23,837| 0.57| 0| 12,672| 0.28| 0| 0| New
| Republican Party| 21,658| 0.52| 0| 20,115| 0.45| 0| 0| New
| National Integration Party| 13,927| 0.33| 0| 12,416| 0.28| 0| 0| New
Total| 4,171,345| 100.00| 32| 4,480,917| 100.00| 128| 160| –
Source: TSE (99.13% counted, national votes) TSE

### Central American Parliament

[edit]

Party| Votes| %| Seats| +/–
| Vamos| 655,906| 17.75| 5| +2
| National Unity of Hope| 594,918| 16.10| 4| –1
| Semilla| 425,629| 11.52| 3| +2
| Vision with Values| 274,193| 7.42| 2| +1
| Valor–Unionist| 256,291| 6.94| 2| +1
| Todos| 166,509| 4.51| 1| –
| Will, Opportunity and Solidarity| 155,181| 4.20| 1| +1
| Nosotros| 131,284| 3.55| 1| +1
| Victory| 120,106| 3.25| 1| +1
| URNG–MAIZ–Winaq| 118,998| 3.22| 0| –2
| Bienestar Nacional| 108,030| 2.92| 0| –
| Elephant Community| 100,932| 2.73| 0| –
| Blue Party| 95,540| 2.59| 0| –
| Podemos| 86,116| 2.33| 0| –
| Commitment, Renewal and Order| 81,892| 2.22| 0| –1
| Humanist Party of Guatemala| 70,219| 1.90| 0| –
| Change| 55,276| 1.50| 0| –
| My Family| 48,948| 1.32| 0| –
| National Advancement Party| 41,712| 1.13| 0| –
| Republican Union| 34,415| 0.93| 0| –
| National Convergence Front| 28,930| 0.78| 0| –2
| Guatemalan People's Party| 23,435| 0.63| 0| –
| Republican Party| 20,666| 0.56| 0| –
Total| 3,695,126| 100.00| 20| –
Valid votes| 3,695,126| 65.83|
Invalid votes| 1,272,521| 22.67|
Blank votes| 645,511| 11.50|
Total votes| 5,613,158| 100.00|
Source: TSE (99.10% percent counted)

### Mayors

[edit]

Party  | Number of mayors  | Total votes  | %

|
|
|

| Vamos | 132/340  |  | 38.82%
| Cabal | 49/340  |  | 14.41%
| National Unity of Hope | 39/340  |  | 11.47%
| Civic committees | 20/340  |  | 5.88%
| Todos | 15/340  |  | 4.41%
| Valor | 14/340  |  | 4.12%
| Nosotros | 10/340  |  | 2.94%
| Vision with Values | 9/340  |  | 2.65%
| Valor–Unionist Party | 9/340  |  | 2.65%
| Bienestar Nacional | 6/340  |  | 1.76%
| Podemos | 5/340  |  | 1.47%
| Cambio | 5/340  |  | 1.47%
| Victory | 5/340  |  | 1.47%
| Humanist Party of Guatemala | 4/340  |  | 1.18%
| Commitment, Renewal and Order | 3/340  |  | 0.88%
| Blue Party | 2/340  |  | 0.59%
| Movement for the Liberation of Peoples | 2/340  |  | 0.59%
| Unionist Party | 2/340  |  | 0.59%
| Elephant Community | 2/340  |  | 0.59%
| Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity | 2/340  |  | 0.59%
| Will, Opportunity and Solidarity | 1/340  |  | 0.29%
| Semilla | 1/340  |  | 0.29%
| Winaq | 1/340  |  | 0.29%
| Guatemalan People's Party | 1/340  |  | 0.29%
| URNG–Winaq | 0/340  |  | 0.00%
| Semilla–URNG | 0/340  |  | 0.00%
| Republican Union | 0/340  |  | 0.00%
| Semilla–URNG–Winaq | 0/340  |  | 0.00%
| My Family | 0/340  |  | 0.00%
| Republican Party | 0/340  |  | 0.00%
| National Convergence Front | 0/340  |  | 0.00%
| National Advancement Party | 0/340  |  | 0.00%
| Opportunities and Development Party | 0/340  |  | 0.00%
| National Integration Party | 0/340  |  | 0.00%
Source: TSE (99.12% votes counted)

## Aftermath

[edit]

### First round

[edit]

Map of the number of invalid and blank votes as a share of total votes by municipality in the first round

No presidential candidate obtained more than 50% of the vote in the first round, meaning a second round was required. In an upset, Bernardo Arévalo finished in second place, qualifying for the runoff along with one of the favorites to win, former first lady and 2015 and 2019 presidential runner-up Sandra Torres. Zury Ríos and Edmond Mulet, two other candidates that ranked near the top of opinion polls, finished in 6th and 5th place, respectively.

The first round also saw a record number of invalid ballots, where more than 24% of voters either spoilt their ballots or left their ballots blank entirely. This was attributed to distrust among the electorate towards the electoral system, including the disqualification of some presidential candidates.[101][102]

#### Ensuing controversies

[edit]

President Alejandro Giammattei and members of his cabinet meet with Eladio Loizaga and an OAS delegation

The official count of the general election by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal indicated that Sandra Torres from National Unity of Hope and Bernardo Arévalo from Semilla would contest the second round.[103] However, the certification of the result by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal was delayed after the Constitutional Court of Guatemala granted an injunction to 10 parties that challenged the result. The court wanted to compare the tallies in the electoral system with the tallies from the polling places. Due to the injunction, the results of the races for president, vice president, all of the seats in Congress and hundreds of local elections remained unofficial.[104] The Electoral Observation Mission in Guatemala, the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union asked the court to respect the electoral results, said that the results matched their observations and denied any accusations of electoral fraud.[104][105][106][107][108]

The Supreme Court of Justice ruled that the Supreme Electoral Tribunal correctly carried out what was requested by the Constitutional Court and rejected the legal recourse requested by the nine parties, therefore releasing the injunction and permitted the results be made official.[109]

On 12 July, the Public Prosecution Service announced that at their request judge Fredy Orellana had suspended Semilla's legal personality for alleged cases of false signatures to establish the party.[110] However, Article 92 of the Electoral and Political Parties Law establishes that "A party may not be suspended after an election has been called and until it has been held".[111] Previously, member of Congress Samuel Pérez Álvarez of Semilla had announced the possibility of attempting a legal "maneuver" to dissolve the party and thus avoid Arévalo's participation in a second round.[112] The Public Prosecution Service's actions were widely condemned by the private sector, non-governmental organizations, and various foreign governments.[113]

On 13 July, the Constitutional Court reversed the suspension, paving the way for the second round of the presidential election to proceed.[114] Although the Constitutional Court legally favored Semilla, the judge and the Public Prosecution Service continued to pressure the Supreme Electoral Tribunal to cancel the party's participation in the election.[115][116] Judge Orellana requested the capture of electoral officials with immunity and then ordered a search of the headquarters of the Semilla party. During the raid at the party headquarters, Semilla's legal team, led by Juan Gerardo Guerrero and Ligia Hernández, submitted a petition for personal exhibition in order to clarify the situation of the workers who were inside the facilities.[117][118] The Supreme Electoral Tribunal requested a legal appeal to the Constitutional Court, affirming that these authorities could attempt to violate the "democratic rule of law" in the future, or the constitutional order.[119]

On 19 August, two days before the runoff, the Supreme Court of Justice granted a permanent injunction to Semilla, blocking a lower court's order suspending the party's legal status.[120]

### Second round

[edit]

President Giammattei casts his ballot during the second round

Arévalo defeated Torres in the second round with nearly 61 percent of the vote in what was seen as a landslide.[3] It is the first election since the return to democracy in 1985 in which the winning party does not have clientelist networks.[121]

On the day of the second round of the election, there were several bomb explosions at voting centers across the country.[122]

After the results were announced on the night of 20 August, hundreds of citizens congregated in the Obelisco in Guatemala City, as well as the central park of Quetzaltenango to celebrate Arévalo's victory.[123]

On 28 August, the TSE, in a conference, officialized the results of the second round.[124]

### Reactions

[edit]

#### National and regional

[edit]

President Alejandro Giammattei congratulated Arévalo for his win in a post on X, saying he would "extend the invitation to start the ordered transition the day after the results are official."[125]

Several regional presidents sent their congratulations to president-elect Arévalo, including President Nayib Bukele of El Salvador and President Andrés Manuel López Obrador of Mexico.[126] On 21 August, President Joe Biden of the United States congratulated Arévalo on a post made on X, remarking the "fair and peaceful" election that took place in the second round.[127] That same day, President Xiomara Castro of Honduras and President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua gave their congratulations to Arévalo and the Guatemalan populace.[128]

Eladio Loizaga, head of the electoral observation mission deployed by the Organization of American States (OAS), said the voting went smoothly and that the election had "fulfilled all the demanding obligations".[129]

Eduardo Núñez,[130] the Guatemala resident senior director for the National Democratic Institute, expected two trends to continue and intensify in the coming days: the country's polarization and the judicialization of the electoral process. He said there will be three key moments: the immediate positions staked out by Semilla and National Unity of Hope party about the results; then on 31 October, when Guatemala's electoral process officially ends and Semilla will no longer enjoy the legal protection that would keep it from being cancelled, and finally on 14 January, when Giammattei is constitutionally mandated to leave office.[131]

Edmond Mulet, who finished fifth in the first round, told Associated Press after Arévalo's victory that he sees at least two possible scenarios in the coming weeks and months, both of which see the cancellation of Semilla's registration. In one, Semilla has its registration cancelled but Arévalo is allowed to assume the presidency without a party. It would have dire effects on his party's representatives in Congress, however, who would be barred from holding leadership positions or leading committees and would already be in minority from the beginning. In the other scenario, the Attorney General's Office succeeds in cancelling the legal status of Semilla, and it makes the argument that because the party was improperly registered, everything that occurred afterward, including Arévalo's nomination, is nullified and he cannot assume the presidency.[131]

#### International

[edit]

* Argentina's Ministry of Foreign Affairs congratulated Arévalo and assurred to "strengthen the historic bonds" of both nations.[132]
* Bolivian President Luis Arce congratulated and wished success to Arévalo through a post made on X.[133]
* Colombian President Gustavo Petro on a post made on X, congratulated Arévalo on his electoral win.[134]
* Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel sent his congratulations in a post published on X.[135]
* The EU's High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs published a statement congratulating Arévalo and Karin Herrera on their win.[136]
* King Mohammed VI of Morocco expressed his congratulations to Arévalo.[137]
* Paraguay's Ministry of Foreign Affairs congratulated and reaffirmed its willingness to strengthen its bonds of "friendship and cooperation" with Guatemala.[138]
* Peru's Ministry of Foreign Affairs congratulated Arévalo's electoral triumph.[139]
* Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent its congratulations through its embassy in Guatemala.[140]
* Venezuela's Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed its congratulation's towards Arévalo and the election results.[141]

### Political crisis

[edit]

It has been suggested that this section be split out into another article titled 2023–2024 Guatemalan political crisis. (Discuss) (December 2023)

|

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2023)

|

In August 2023, judge Fredy Orellana issued a ruling to reinstate a suspension of Semilla's party registration. The Registry of Citizens of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal provisionally cancelled the party's registration on 28 August.[142] Semilla filed an appeal, saying the ruling was an attempt to prevent the party's parliamentarians and president-elect from taking office.[143] Semilla had previously been targeted during the 2019 elections, with its presidential candidate, Thelma Aldana, considered the frontrunner, having her candidacy rejected for dubious reasons. She appealed but was denied.[144][145] On 30 August 2023, President of Congress Shirley Rivera dissolved the parliamentary group of Semilla and declared them "independent". President-elect and member of Congress Bernardo Arévalo was also affected by the decision.[146] On 3 September, the Supreme Electoral Tribunal nullified the suspension of the party's registration through October.[147][148] The offices of the TSE were also raided several times under the pretense of investigating alleged fraud, despite no evidence being presented.[149]

Shortly after announcing Arévalo as winner, documents were published from the citizens registry suspending Semilla's registration once more, meaning that the members of Congress elected as part of the party would be forced to sit as independents. Arévalo said he would not "give up", and the move was condemned by the Organization of American States.[150] Following several raids on Semilla offices around the country committed by the Public Prosecutor's Office, Arévalo formally suspended his participation in the presidential transition, saying that the raids were "flagrant crimes of abuse of authority for electoral purposes". President Alejandro Giammattei disagreed with the move, stating that the executive branch had nothing to do with it.[151]

Following urging from the international community, Arévalo formally resumed the process on 4 October, despite Attorney General of Guatemala María Consuelo Porras' continued effort to deregister Semilla as a political party, including raids on the Supreme Electoral Tribune's offices.[152] An OAS mediator was named to help manage the transition two days later,[153] with the organisation's observation mission stating that it appeared the actions by prosecutors were intended to keep Arévalo from taking office. Protests in favor of Arévalo also intensified following the Supreme Court of Justice of Guatemala upholding the party's suspension.[154] Schools were subsequently closed across the country, and President Giammattei condemned any violence that might occur.[155][156][157]

On 2 November, Movimiento Semilla was officially suspended by the Public Ministry. Indigenous movements vowed to continue to protest, and the United States government stripped the visas of 14 people in the Public Ministry on the same day. The U.S. State Department's Deputy Assistant Secretary for Western Hemisphere Affairs, Eric Jacobstein, stated that the suspension was worrisome as an apparent way to interfere with Arévalo's transition to office. The suspension also means that members of the party elected to the Congress of the Republic of Guatemala under the banner of the party cannot hold leadership positions or chair committees. It also means that the party cannot hold assemblies or carry out administrative procedures.[158][159]

In mid-November, the Public Ministry requested that the immunity of the President-elect Arévalo and the Vice President-elect Herrera be withdrawn for allegedly participating in the takeover of the facilities of the state university, the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, which occurred between April 2022 to June 2023.[160][161] This takeover occurred as a result of alleged irregularities that occurred in the elections for rector of the university, where Walter Mazariegos was elected.[161] In 2023, Mazariegos was included on the United States government's Engel List. According to the State Department, Mazariegos "undermined democratic processes or institutions by accepting the position of rector of the public education institution in July 2022 following a fraudulent selection process".[162] The capture of former ombudsman and opposition candidate for rector Jordán Rodas, former candidate for member of Congress for Semilla Marcela Blanco and Gabriela Dávila, sister of member of Congress Aldo Dávila, were ordered. The arrest of around twenty university students and professors who opposed Mazariegos was also ordered.[161]

This case raised controversy because the Public Ministry continued with the investigation against the President-elect and Vice President-elect despite the fact that the National Institute of Forensic Sciences of Guatemala determined through an expert report that there were no indications of the alleged participation of Arévalo and Herrera. However, the Public Ministry criticized the results.[163] In early December, prosecutor's from Porras' office called for the results to be officially annulled due to electoral fraud, despite international observers declaring the election to have been free from fraud. This was met with further protests against the Attorney General's office, and further condemnation by international organizations, such as the United Nations and OAS again.[164]

In 2023, Porras' final attempt to block the inauguration by alleging fraud was taken to the Constitutional Court of Guatemala, who denied Porras her attempt and later issued an order to guarantee Arévalo his inauguration.[165] In January, it issued another order giving immunity to the Vice President elect, Karin Herrera, who had been repeatedly under risk of being arrested by Porras.[166] Despite this, however, Porras has continued to target former members of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal, and arrested former Interior Minister David Napoleón Barrientos Girón for his refusal to violently disperse protests against Porras.[167]

The planned Inauguration of Arévalo would be delayed on 14 January as well as a result of infighting over who the overseeing commission would select for the congressional delegation.[168] On the same day, clashes between erupted between Arévalo's supporters and riot police,[169] while Semilla representatives were reportedly detained inside Congress.[170] A nine-hour delay of the inauguration of Arévalo and Herrera caused by a delay of the inauguration of incoming deputies, due to a judicial order earlier in the day by the Constitutional Court stripping Semilla of party status.[171] Led by Semilla leader Samuel Pérez, the Semilla deputies negotiated a deal to be recognized as a bloc in Congress and elect Semilla deputies to congressional leadership, including the Board of Directors and the Debate Board. The deal secured a majority of 92 votes against a rival bid by Shirley Rivera, and Pérez was elected president of the Board. The Board members were elected and sworn in minutes before midnight, which then allowed for Congress to proceed with the inauguration of Arévalo and Herrera.[172] The swearing-in of the new President and Vice President would eventually be held in minutes after midnight 15 January 2024, with Pérez officiating.[168]

## See also

[edit]

* List of elections in 2023

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b Same party as the presidential candidate, unless mentioned in parentheses
2. ^ Party registration cancelled by the Electoral Tribunal in 2019

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Oliva, William (7 March 2018). "Jimmy Morales dice que le gustaría gobernar otro período" [Jimmy Morales says he would like to govern another term]. Prensa Libre (Guatemala) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
2. ^ Abbott, Jeff (14 August 2023). "Guatemala presidential election: Unraveling the final candidates' platforms". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
3. ^ a b "Arevalo wins Guatemala presidency in landslide amid hopes for change". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
4. ^ Harrison, Chase (26 June 2023). "Six Numbers to Understand Guatemala's Surprising 2023 General Election Results". AS/COA. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
5. ^ "UNE de Sandra Torres denuncia fraude electoral en Guatemala". Deutsche Welle (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
6. ^ "La UNE sigue sin aceptar resultados de elecciones y señala "ilegalidad" en su oficialización". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 28 August 2023. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
7. ^ "Feci abre cajas electorales durante allanamiento en el Parque de la Industria y el fiscal Curruchiche justifica decisión pese al rechazo del TSE". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 12 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
8. ^ "¿Se puede abrir las cajas electorales?". Agencia Ocote (in Spanish). 5 July 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
9. ^ "Guatemala Crisis Deepens as Officials Claim Election Invalid". Yahoo News. 8 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
10. ^ "Guatemala top court to Congress: 'guarantee' Arevalo inauguration". Yahoo News. 14 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
11. ^ Menchu, Sofia (14 January 2024). "Tensions high outside Guatemala Congress as inauguration sessions delayed". Reuters. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
12. ^ "Guatemala draws fire for new anti-corruption prosecutor". Associated Press. 3 August 2021. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
13. ^ a b Montoya, Angeline (18 February 2022). "Le Guatemala accentue la répression contre les magistrats anticorruption" [Guatemala steps up crackdown on anti-corruption judges]. Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
14. ^ a b Renteria, Nelson; Menchu, Sofia (20 September 2021). "U.S. adds top Guatemalan, Salvadoran officials to corruption list". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
15. ^ "Curruchiche, allegado a Porras, también es incluido en Lista Engel". La Hora (in Spanish). 21 July 2022. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
16. ^ Daniel, Gatti (11 December 2020). "La ira en las entrañas del odio". Brecha (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
17. ^ "Al menos 86 jueces, fiscales, periodistas y ciudadanos perseguidos en Guatemala". Agencia Ocote (in Spanish). 6 October 2022. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
18. ^ ""Un golpe a la libertad de expresión": juez ordena investigar a nueve periodistas en Guatemala". France24. 2 March 2023. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023.
19. ^ "Guatemala: Presa de conciencia Virginia Laparra es condenada a cuatro años de cárcel". Amnesty International (in Spanish). 16 December 2022. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
20. ^ "UN, EU blast weakening of Guatemala anti-corruption efforts". Associated Press. 20 December 2022. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
21. ^ "Guatemala: A country resisting, a State torturing". International Federation for Human Rights. 8 April 2022. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023.
22. ^ a b García, Jody; Romero, Simon (25 June 2023). "Guatemala Picks a New President: What You Need to Know". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
23. ^ "Giammattei cumple mitad de su mandato en Guatemala marcado por impopularidad". SWI swissinfo.ch (in Spanish). 14 January 2022. Archived from the original on 9 July 2023.
24. ^ "Encuesta Libre 2023: Ciudadanía reprueba gestión de Alejandro Giammattei" (in Spanish). 5 May 2023. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023.
25. ^ a b Pérez D., Sonia (24 February 2023). "Guatemala: caso a caso de candidatos rechazados o admitidos". Los Angeles Times (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
26. ^ "MP pide que le retiren la inmunidad a Edmond Mulet por criticar persecución penal contra periodistas". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023.
27. ^ "FECI no se queda solo con antejuicio: denuncia a Mulet en el TSE". La Hora (in Spanish). 21 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023.
28. ^ "Feci interpone acción en la CC contra Edmond Mulet". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 11 May 2023. Archived from the original on 11 May 2023.
29. ^ "Rechazan la inscripción del binomio presidencial del partido Creo". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 21 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023.
30. ^ "TSE acepta inscripción del binomio de Creo, luego de rechazarlo" (in Spanish). Soy502. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
31. ^ "TSE anula inscripción de asamblea de proclamación de binomio presidencial del partido Poder" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 3 April 2023. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
32. ^ a b "Elecciones en Guatemala 2023: Cabal interpone amparo en la CSJ contra resolución del TSE que avala candidatura de Zury Ríos" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 8 February 2023. Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
33. ^ "Zury Ríos recibe segunda impugnación por parte de Winaq y URNG" (in Spanish). La Hora. 31 January 2023. Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
34. ^ "CC declara sin lugar apelación de CABAL" (in Spanish). La Hora. 2 March 2023. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
35. ^ "Elecciones en Guatemala 2023: Todos apela resolución de la CSJ que mantiene candidatura del binomio de Sandra Torres y Romeo Guerra" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 17 February 2023. Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
36. ^ "Partido Todos apela ante la CC y quiere que dejen sin efecto la inscripción del binomio presidencial de la UNE" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 17 April 2023. Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
37. ^ "La CC confirma participación de Sandra Torres y Romeo Guerra al declarar sin lugar apelación que planteó el partido Todos" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original on 20 May 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
38. ^ "Cambio pretende revivir batalla legal para dejar fuera candidatura presidencial de Carlos Pineda" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 6 May 2023. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
39. ^ "Sala ampara a partido Cambio en proceso contra Prosperidad Ciudadana y suspendería candidatura de Carlos Pineda, quien anuncia apelación" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 19 May 2023. Archived from the original on 20 May 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
40. ^ "Elecciones Generales 2023: Los cuatro supuestos errores que le costarían la campaña a Carlos Pineda y 218 candidatos más" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 19 May 2023. Archived from the original on 20 May 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
41. ^ "Candidatos a diputados de 11 departamentos del partido Prosperidad Ciudadana si podrán participar en las elecciones" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 9 June 2023. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
42. ^ "CC revoca amparo otorgado a Prosperidad Ciudadana y ordena investigar decisión de magistrados" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 11 June 2023. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
43. ^ "Semilla dice que expediente por firma falsificada pasó a la FECI" (in Spanish). La Hora. 25 April 2023. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
44. ^ "Rafael Curruchiche asume control de investigación contra el partido Semilla" (in Spanish). Prensa Comunitaria. 24 April 2023. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
45. ^ "Detectan firmas falsas de afiliados al partido que quería a Zury Ríos" (in Spanish). Soy502. 17 February 2015. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
46. ^ "Presentan denuncia contra partido VOS y autoridades del Tribunal Supremo Electoral" (in Spanish). República GT. 25 May 2023. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
47. ^ "VOS: "En Guatemala se está fraguando un fraude de carácter sistémico"" (in Spanish). Emisoras Unidas. 22 May 2023. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
48. ^ a b Martínez, Andrés Arnal (19 June 2023). "Elecciones presidenciales en Guatemala: entre la desesperanza y la deriva autoritaria". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 June 2023.
49. ^ a b "In Guatemala, elections against a background of authoritarian drift". Globe Echo. 25 June 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
50. ^ a b Ventura, Evelyn Boche (28 June 2023). "Presidential candidate Sandra Torres sets her sights on Guatemala's conservative voters". EL PAÍS English. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
51. ^ a b "Guatemala court intervenes in presidential race and poses grave threat to democracy with far-reaching implications". Robert Lansing Institute. 5 July 2023. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
52. ^ a b Blanco, Engelberth (26 May 2023). "Presidenciables de Victoria y Semilla opinan en contra de resolución que dejó fuera a Carlos Pineda" [Presidential candidates from Victoria and Semilla oppose ruling that left Carlos Pineda out of the race]. La Hora (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
53. ^ a b "Qué responde Roberto Arzú del partido Podemos a la propuesta de alianza "salvadora" que lanzó Manuel Villacorta, de Vos" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 18 May 2023. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
54. ^ "Guatemala: Múltiples protestas contra tribunal electoral" (in Spanish). Voz de América. 16 March 2023. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
55. ^ "Guatemala: Corte deja afuera a candidato a presidente que lidera las encuestas" (in Spanish). Voz de América. 20 May 2023. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
56. ^ "Guatemalan court keeps presidential frontrunner Pineda off ballot". Yahoo Entertainment. 26 May 2023. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
57. ^ "Guatemala's democracy is in danger. Biden administration is right to sound alarm bells / Opinion". Miami Herald. 5 July 2023. Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
58. ^ a b Congress of the Republic Archived 18 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine IFES
59. ^ "Partido UNE proclama a Sandra Torres como su candidata presidencial para las elecciones del 2023" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 8 January 2023. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
60. ^ "Isaac Farchi y Mauricio Zaldaña son proclamados como binomio presidencial del Partido Azul" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 4 December 2022. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
61. ^ "La coalición Valor-Unionista proclama a Zury Ríos como candidata presidencial para las elecciones generales 2023" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 11 December 2022. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
62. ^ "Edmond Mulet y Max Santa Cruz proclamados como binomio presidencial del partido Cabal" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 11 December 2022. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
63. ^ "Partido Todos juramenta a Ricardo Sagastume Morales y Guillermo González como binomio presidencial para las próximas elecciones" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 23 October 2022. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
64. ^ "Partido oficialista Vamos proclama a Manuel Conde y Luis Suárez como candidatos a las elecciones de 2023" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 7 January 2023. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
65. ^ "Rudio Lecsan Mérida y Rubén Darío Rosales son el binomio presidencial del Partido Humanista" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 10 December 2022. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
66. ^ "Partido Republicano proclama a Rafael Espada y Arturo Herrador como candidatos a la Presidencia y Vicepresidencia" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 14 January 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
67. ^ "Luis Lam Padilla, exabogado de Jimmy Morales, es proclamado candidato presidencial por el partido PIN" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 8 January 2023. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
68. ^ "Comunidad Elefante proclama a Hugo Peña y Hugo Johnson como candidatos a la Presidencia y Vicepresidencia" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 11 February 2023. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
69. ^ "Partido Victoria proclama a Amílcar Rivera y Hugo Mazariegos como presidenciable y vicepresidenciable" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 15 January 2023. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
70. ^ "El binomio presidencial del partido Movimiento Semilla es Bernardo Arévalo y Karin Herrera" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 22 January 2023. Archived from the original on 26 June 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
71. ^ "Expresidente Jimmy Morales y su hermano buscan puestos de elección popular con FCN-Nación" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 12 February 2023. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
72. ^ "Rudy Guzmán y Diego González son proclamados como binomio presidencial del partido Nosotros" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 22 January 2023. Archived from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
73. ^ "El partido Unión Republicana proclama a Giulio Talamonti y Óscar Barrientos como sus presidenciables" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 29 January 2023. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
74. ^ "URNG y Winaq confirman coalición y proclaman a su binomio presidencial para las Elecciones Generales 2023" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 29 January 2023. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
75. ^ "Elecciones en Guatemala 2023: Francisco Arredondo y Francisco Bermúdez son proclamados por el Partido CREO para binomio presidencial" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
76. ^ "Partido Bien proclama como binomio a Giovanni Reyes y Oscar Figueroa" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 12 February 2023. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
77. ^ "Armando Castillo y Édgar Grisolia proclamados como binomio presidencial de Viva" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 11 February 2023. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
78. ^ "Partido Mi Familia proclama a su binomio presidencial: Julio César Rivera Clavería es candidato a presidente" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 18 March 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
79. ^ "Elecciones Generales Guatemala 2023: Cambio proclama a su binomio presidencial y Manuel Baldizón lidera el listado nacional de diputados" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 5 February 2023. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
80. ^ "Elecciones en Guatemala 2023: El Partido VOS proclama a Manuel Villacorta y Jorge Mario García España como su binomio presidencial" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
81. ^ a b "Decisión Libre 2023: MLP proclama a Thelma Cabrera y Jordán Rodas Andrade como su binomio para las elecciones generales 2023" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 28 December 2022. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
82. ^ "Partido Podemos elige a su binomio presidencial para elecciones generales 2023" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
83. ^ "Partido Poder proclama a Óscar Rodolfo Castañeda como candidato presidencial" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 19 March 2023. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
84. ^ "Elecciones Generales Guatemala 2023: Prosperidad Ciudadana proclama a Carlos Pineda y Efraín Orozco como su binomio presidencial" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 5 February 2023. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
85. ^ "Partido Popular Guatemalteco no postulará binomio presidencial" (in Spanish). Canal Antigua. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
86. ^ "Se lleva a cabo la asamblea extraordinaria de postulación del Partido PAN" (in Spanish). Prensa Libre. 18 February 2023. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
87. ^ a b "Y seguimos cerniendo candidatos" (in Spanish). elPeriódico. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
88. ^ "El tablero electoral se configura con impunidad y una clara ventaja para el oficialismo" (in Spanish). Prensa Comunitaria. 22 August 2022. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
89. ^ "Guatemala elecciones 2023: izquierda desunida" (in Spanish). Con Criterio. 9 December 2022. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
90. ^ "Baldizón a punto de ser candidato presidencial por CAMBIO" (in Spanish). La Hora. 31 January 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
91. ^ "El candidato antisistema" (in Spanish). Con Criterio. 29 July 2022. Archived from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
92. ^ "Neto Bran buscará la reelección en la alcaldía de Mixco" (in Spanish). Soy502. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
93. ^ "Arzú y Bran los primeros excluidos de elecciones 2023" (in Spanish). La Hora. 28 October 2022. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
94. ^ "Partido FCN busca llevar por segunda vez a su candidato a la presidencia del país" (in Spanish). República. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
95. ^ "Pineda salió de Cambio y ahora va a Prosperidad Ciudadana como presidenciable" (in Spanish). La Hora. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
96. ^ "Jordán Rodas: "Tenemos hasta fin de año para concretar una candidatura única de oposición"" (in Spanish). El Faro. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
97. ^ "Encuesta Libre 2023: Bernardo Arévalo supera a Sandra Torres en intención de voto para la segunda vuelta". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 16 August 2023. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
98. ^ "SEGUNDA ENCUESTA NACIONAL (SEGUNDA VUELTA)" (PDF). Fundación Libertad y Desarrollo (in Spanish). 16 August 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2023.
99. ^ "PRIMERA ENCUESTA NACIONAL (SEGUNDA VUELTA)" (PDF). Fundación Libertad y Desarrollo (in Spanish). 2 August 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2023.
100. ^ "Innovem revela segunda encuesta de intención de voto en el balotaje". TV Azteca Guate (in Spanish). 2 August 2023. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
101. ^ Pérez D., Sonia; Sherman, Christopher (26 June 2023). "Guatemala voters send 2 presidential candidates on opposite sides of political spectrum to a runoff". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
102. ^ "Troubled Guatemala headed for runoff after inconclusive election". France 24. Agence France-Presse. 26 June 2023. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
103. ^ "Guatemala election takes unexpected turn as centrist claims place in runoff". The Guardian. 26 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
104. ^ a b "Guatemala's high court steps into election, suspends release of official results". AP. 2 July 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
105. ^ Menchu, Sofia (1 July 2023). "Guatemala court orders presidential ballot review, opposition cries foul". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
106. ^ "Guatemala election: Court orders probe after surprise result". Deutsche Welle. 2 July 2023. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
107. ^ "US warns against efforts to interfere with Guatemala election result". The Guardian. 3 July 2023. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
108. ^ "Secretario General de la ONU sigue "con preocupación" la situación electoral en Guatemala". Swiss Info (in Spanish). 3 July 2023. Archived from the original on 27 August 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
109. ^ "CSJ rechaza solicitud de partidos políticos de recuento de votos y dice que TSE cumplió orden de la CC". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 10 July 2023. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
110. ^ "Juzgado ordena la suspensión de la personalidad jurídica del Movimiento Semilla". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 12 July 2023. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
111. ^ "Electoral and Political Parties Law" (PDF). Supreme Electoral Tribunal (in Spanish). 12 July 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
112. ^ ""Quieren impedir la candidatura de Bernardo Arévalo", dice Semilla". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 5 July 2023. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
113. ^ "Amplio y unificado rechazo del sector privado contra intento de suspensión de Semilla". Soy502 (in Spanish). 13 July 2023. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
114. ^ Menchu, Sofia (13 July 2023). "Guatemala top court reverses ban on anti-graft presidential candidate". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
115. ^ "Juez Fredy Orellana da vía libre para gestionar retiro de inmunidad al registrador de ciudadanos por incumplir con suspender al Movimiento Semilla". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 18 July 2023. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
116. ^ Gramajo, Sonia (20 July 2023). "El Ministerio Público realiza nuevos allanamientos en el TSE". Soy502 (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
117. ^ Gramajo, Sonia (20 July 2023). "Guatemala contender decries police raid on party HQ before crucial runoff". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
118. ^ "El Tribunal Electoral de Guatemala denuncia un atropello de un sector judicial y pide protección constitucional". El País (in Spanish). 21 July 2023. Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
119. ^ "TSE presenta amparo en la CC en contra de la jefa del MP, presidenta del OJ y otros funcionarios, por amenaza de "vulnerar el Estado de derecho"". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 21 July 2023. Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
120. ^ "Guatemala court permanently blocks suspension of Seed Movement party ahead of Sunday's election". AP News. 19 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
121. ^ Arrollo, Lorena (20 August 2023). "Guatemala vota en unas elecciones que desafían a los partidos tradicionales" [Guatemala votes in elections that challenge traditional parties]. El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 August 2023.
122. ^ Maldonado, Javier (20 August 2023). "Lanzan Dos Bombas a Centros de Votación en Guatemala y Localizan Una Tercera" [Two Bombs Thrown at Voting Centers in Guatemala and a Third Found]. El Mundo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
123. ^ Pineda, Sandy (20 August 2023). "Imágenes | Ciudadanos salen a las calles a celebrar el triunfo de Bernardo Arévalo y Movimiento Semilla en las elecciones de Guatemala". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
124. ^ "TSE oficializa los resultados de la segunda vuelta electoral" (in Spanish). 28 August 2023. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
125. ^ Suarez, Tara John, Marlon Sorto, Karol (21 August 2023). "Anti-corruption candidate Bernardo Arévalo wins Guatemala's presidential election". CNN. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
126. ^ "Bukele ya conversó con el mandatario electo de Guatemala, Bernardo Arévalo" [Bukele Has Already Spoken With Guatemalan President-Elect Bernardo Arévalo]. La Noticia SV (in Spanish). 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
127. ^ "Guatemala's pick of independent anti-corruption progressive as president may face challenge". ABC News. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
128. ^ Garrison, Cassandra; Menchu, Sofia; Garrison, Cassandra (21 August 2023). "International community cheers Guatemala anti-graft candidate's landslide victory". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
129. ^ "Arevalo wins Guatemala presidency in landslide amid hopes for change". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
130. ^ "Eduardo Nuñez: Guatemala Resident Senior Director". National Democratic Institute. 7 December 2016. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
131. ^ a b "Guatemala elects progressive Arévalo as president but there are legal moves to block him from office". AP News. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
132. ^ Clayton, Karen. "Presidents congratulate Bernardo Arévalo on winning elections in Guatemala – The Nation View". thenationview.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
133. ^ "Bolivia felicita a Bernardo Arévalo y destaca la "fiesta democrática" de Guatemala". SWI swissinfo.ch (in Spanish). 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
134. ^ "Gustavo Petro hablará este lunes con el nuevo presidente de Guatemala, Bernardo Arévalo". El Colombiano (in European Spanish). 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
135. ^ "Díaz-Canel congratulates Guatemala's next president – Prensa Latina". 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
136. ^ "Guatemala: Statement by HR/VP Josep Borrell on the Presidential election | EEAS". www.eeas.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
137. ^ "HM the King Congratulates Bernardo Arévalo upon Election as President of Guatemala". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
138. ^ "El Gobierno de Paraguay espera fortalecer vínculos con el presidente electo de Guatemala". SWI swissinfo.ch (in Spanish). 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
139. ^ "Perú felicita a Bernardo Arévalo y espera fortalecer sus vínculos con Guatemala". SWI swissinfo.ch (in Spanish). 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
140. ^ "Taiwan congratulates Arevalo on winning Guatemala election". Reuters. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
141. ^ "Gobierno de Venezuela felicita a Bernardo Arévalo de León por su triunfo en Guatemala". SWI swissinfo.ch (in Spanish). 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
142. ^ "Guatemala: Presidente electo Bernardo Arévalo califica como "ilegal" suspensión de su partido político". El Comercio (in Spanish). 29 August 2023. ISSN 1605-3052. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
143. ^ "New actions against Semilla party marked the week in Guatemala". Prensa Latina. 2 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
144. ^ "Guatemala: La candidature de l'ex-procureure rejetée". 2 April 2019. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
145. ^ Cuffe, Sandra (15 May 2019). "Guatemala court rules popular anti-corruption crusader ineligible to run for president". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
146. ^ "Siguen las consecuencias del resultado electoral: Congreso desconoce a la bancada Semilla". La Hora (in Spanish). 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
147. ^ "Guatemala Authorities Lift Suspension of President-Elect's Party". Bloomberg.com. 3 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
148. ^ "Guatemala electoral tribunal temporarily revokes suspension of president-elect's party". Reuters. 3 September 2023. Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
149. ^ "Raids of Guatemala's Electoral Body Lead to Protests and Restrictions from U.S." Latin Times. 2 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
150. ^ Menchu, Sofia. "Guatemala body ratifies presidential vote result amid new bid to thwart victor". Reuters. No. 29 August. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
151. ^ Pulice, Carolina (12 September 2023). "Guatemala President-elect Arevalo suspends participation in transition". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
152. ^ Sofia, Menchu (4 October 2023). "Guatemala restarts presidential transition with president-elect's team". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
153. ^ Sofia, Menchu (7 October 2023). "OAS names mediators for Guatemala conflict that threatens transfer of power". Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
154. ^ "Guatemala's top court upholds suspension of president-elect's party. His supporters block roads". AP News. 6 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
155. ^ Reed, Betsy (6 October 2023). "Guatemala president-elect's supporters block roads to protest party suspension". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
156. ^ Buschschlüter, Vanessa (10 October 2023). "Guatemala paralysed as pro-democracy protests run into second week". BBC. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
157. ^ "Guatemala's attorney general asks authorities to act against pro-democracy protests". AP News. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
158. ^ "Guatemala electoral authorities suspend President-elect Bernardo Arévalo's party". Associated Press. 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
159. ^ Miranda, Wilfredo (3 November 2023). "Guatemala electoral authorities suspend president-elect Bernardo Arévalo's Seed Movement". El Pais. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
160. ^ "MP solicitará retirarles la inmunidad a Bernardo Arévalo, Karin Herrera y otros funcionarios por caso de toma de la Usac". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). 16 November 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
161. ^ a b c Miranda, Wilfredo (17 November 2023). "El Ministerio Público de Guatemala busca sabotear el traspaso de poder con un nuevo caso contra Bernardo Arévalo". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
162. ^ Ortíz, Agustín (19 July 2023). "Lista Engel: Quiénes son los 49 guatemaltecos que Estados Unidos ha señalado en los últimos tres años como responsables de "corrupción significativa"". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
163. ^ Rivera, Dulce (21 November 2023). "MP cuestiona peritaje del Inacif que favorece a Bernardo Arévalo". Soy502 (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
164. ^ Perez, Sonia. "International bodies reject moves to block Guatemala president-elect from taking office". abcnews.go.com. ABC News. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
165. ^ Miranda, Wilfredo (15 December 2023). "Backing Bernardo Arévalo: Constitutional Court of Guatemala issues order to guarantee his inauguration". elpais. El Pais. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
166. ^ "Ahead of inauguration, Guatemala court shields VP-elect from arrest". themountaineer. The Mountaineer. 11 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
167. ^ "Guatemala arrests former minister accused of failing to quell election protests". reuters. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
168. ^ a b Pérez D., Sonia (14 January 2024). "Guatemalans angered as president-elect's inauguration delayed by wrangling in Congress". Associated Press. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
169. ^ "Chaos in Guatemala Congress Delays Swearing-In of New President". Bloomberg News. 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
170. ^ @@ProgIntl (14 January 2024). "BREAKING 🇬🇹 Members of Congress from the President-elect's party @BancadaSemilla report being DETAINED inside Congress. Masses are now mobilising in the Guatemalan City center, led by the country's Indigenous forces. The situation is escalating rapidly" (Tweet) - via Twitter.
171. ^ "CC niega amparo a Semilla y sube tensión en el Congreso por revisión de credenciales que atrasa toma de posesión de diputados y Arévalo" (in Spanish). 14 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
172. ^ "Samuel Pérez es el nuevo presidente del Congreso y Semilla vuelve a ser bancada" (in Spanish). 14 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.

## External links

[edit]

* Tribunal Supremo Electoral

* v
* t
* e

Elections and referendums in Guatemala

Presidential elections|

* 1873
* 1880
* 1892
* 1898
* 1904
* 1910
* 1916
* 1920
* 1926
* 1931
* 1944
* 1950
* 1954
* 1957
* 1958
* 1966
* 1970
* 1974
* 1978
* 1982
* 1985
* 1990–91
* 1995–96
* 1999
* 2003
* 2007
* 2011
* 2015
* 2019
* 2023
* 2027

Parliamentary elections|

* 1873
* 1880
* 1923
* 1925
* 1926
* 1927
* 1929
* 1931
* 1935
* 1944 (Nov)
* 1944 (Dec)
* 1947
* 1948
* 1950
* 1953
* 1954
* 1955
* 1957
* 1958
* 1959
* 1961
* 1964
* 1966
* 1970
* 1974
* 1978
* 1982
* 1984
* 1985
* 1990
* 1994
* 1995
* 1999
* 2003
* 2007
* 2011
* 2015
* 2019
* 2023
* 2027

Local elections|

* 1985
* 1988
* 1990
* 1993
* 1995
* 1998
* 1999
* 2003
* 2007
* 2011
* 2015
* 2019
* 2023
* 2027

Referendums|

* 1935
* 1994
* 1999
* 2018

See also: Elections in the Federal Republic of Central America
*[+/–]: Seat change from the previous election
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template