2023 Israel–Hamas ceasefire

Truce between Israel and Hamas

* v
* t
* e

Israel–Hamas war

* Timeline
* Outline

* * *

7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel
Military engagements

* Re'im
* Sderot
* Sufa
* Nahal Oz
* Ofakim
* Zikim

Civilian attacks

* Re'im music festival
* Killing of Shani Louk
* Netiv HaAsara
* Alumim
* Be'eri
* Holit
* Kfar Aza
* Kissufim
* Nir Oz
* Nir Yitzhak
* Nirim

* * *

Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
Military engagements

* Beit Hanoun
* Gaza City
* Jabalia I
* Khan Yunis
* Al-Qarara
* Shuja'iyya
* Shuja'iyya ambush
* Shuja'iyya II
* Insurgency in the North Gaza Strip
* Hamad
* Zana
* Rafah
* Khan Yunis II
* Khan Yunis III
* North Gaza
* West Bank
* Israeli incursions
* Tulkarm I
* Operation Summer Camps
* Tulkarm II

Civilian attacks

* Gaza genocide
* Bombing of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)
* Refugee camps
* Jabalia
* 31 October
* Al-Fakhoora school
* Al-Shati refugee camp
* Al-Maghazi
* Schools
* Palestinians evacuating Gaza
* Health facilities
* Al-Ahli Arab Hospital
* Al-Shifa Hospital
* Ambulance
* Nasser Hospital
* Attacks on religious sites
* Rafah strikes
* Flour massacre
* Kuwait Roundabout
* Attack on journalists in Lebanon
* Friendly fire
* IDF killing of hostages in Shuja'iyya
* Tel al-Sultan
* Al-Mawasi (May)
* Al-Sardi school
* Nuseirat
* Al-Mawasi (June)
* Al-Shati and Tuffah
* 9 July 2024 attacks
* Al-Awda school
* Al-Mawasi (July)
* Al-Shati (July)
* Khan Yunis (July)
* Khadija school
* Hamama school
* Al-Tabaeen school
* Deir al-Balah
* Al-Mawasi (September)
* Al-Jawni school
* Tulkarm Camp
* Deir al-Balah mosque
* Rufaida school
* Al-Aqsa hospital (Killing of Shaban al-Dalou)
* Abu Hussein school
* Beit Lahia (19 October)
* Beit Lahia (29 October)

* * *

Other theaters
Red Sea crisis

* Operation Prosperity Guardian
* Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou
* Operation Poseidon Archer
* Marlin Luanda missile strike
* Operation Aspides
* Sinking of the MV Rubymar
* Attacks on the MV Tutor
* 2024 Tel Aviv drone attack
* 20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen
* Attacks on the Sounion
* 29 September 2024 Israeli attacks on Yemen

Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Syria, and Jordan

* Iranian airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
* Tower 22 drone attack
* February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
* 2024 Homs airstrikes
* Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus
* 2024 Masyaf raid

Israeli invasion of Lebanon

* Odaisseh
* Maroun al-Ras
* Ayta ash-Shab
* Kafr Kila
* Ramyah

Iran–Israel proxy conflict

* 2024 Iran–Israel conflict
* April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel
* April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran
* October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel
* October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran

Assassinations and deaths of prominent individuals

* Saleh al-Arouri
* Marwan Issa
* Fuad Shukr
* Ismail Haniyeh
* Ibrahim Aqil
* Hassan Nasrallah
* Hashem Safieddine
* Yahya Sinwar

* * *

See also

* Background
* Diplomatic impact
* Economic impact
* Effects
* Gaza humanitarian crisis
* Healthcare collapse
* Children
* Premature babies
* Famine
* Healthcare destruction
* Hostage crisis
* Prisoner exchange
* Human shields in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* Israeli blockade of Gaza
* Israeli public diplomacy
* War crimes
* Hamas
* Israeli
* South Africa v. Israel
* War crimes and crimes against humanity report
* Torture
* Executions and assassinations
* Killing of journalists in the Israel–Hamas war
* List of journalists killed in the Israel–Hamas war
* Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
* Wider regional conflict
* 2023 ceasefire
* Calls for a ceasefire
* Three-phase proposal
* Antisemitism
* Anti-Palestinianism
* Mass detentions
* Misinformation
* Protests
* university campuses
* Killing of Aysenur Eygi
* Qatar and the Israel–Hamas war
* AI-assisted targeting
* Gaza Strip mass graves
* All Eyes on Rafah

A temporary ceasefire between Israel and Hamas-led Palestinian militant groups in the Gaza Strip took effect from 24 November 2023 to 30 November 2023, during the Israel–Hamas war.

The initial agreement, mediated by Qatar, stipulated a four-day break in fighting during which 50 Israeli hostages held in Gaza and 150 Palestinian prisoners in Israel were to be released and more humanitarian aid will be allowed to enter Gaza, with the ceasefire subject to extension providing additional hostages are released.[1][2][3] On 27 November, Qatari Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced a two-day extension to the ceasefire was agreed in which 20 Israelis and 60 Palestinians would be released. Close to the end of the first extension, on 30 November, another one day extension to the truce was agreed upon by both sides.[4][5] The mediators in Qatar and in Egypt reported they worked to negotiate a further extension of the truce.[6]

The deal was welcomed internationally, including by the United States, which also supported the deal's extensions. Both sides have blamed each other for violating the ceasefire.[7] On 1 December, the truce ended with Hamas alleging that Israel rejected a hostage exchange deal to prolong the truce, and Hamas then launched rockets into Sderot.[8][9][10] Israel responded with air raids on Gaza with the Gaza Health Ministry reporting 20 deaths.[11][12][13] By 2 December negotiations had broken down, with the Israeli delegation leaving Qatar following an impasse and Hamas announcing they will not release any more hostages until the end of the war.[14] The US blamed Hamas for violating the truce and the terms of the ceasefire.[15][16]

By 13 December, Israel and the United States were becoming increasingly isolated amid growing global calls for a ceasefire.[17][18][19][20]

## Background

[edit]

On 7 October 2023, during Hamas-led attack on Israel that commenced the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Palestinian militants captured or abducted around 250 people from Israel, including both soldiers and civilians,[21] and took them back to the Gaza Strip.[22][23][24][25] In addition to hostages with only Israeli citizenship, almost half of the hostages are foreign nationals or have multiple citizenships.[26] By 23 November, four have been released by Hamas, two were found dead near the al-Shifa Hospital and one has been rescued.[27][28]

Hamas have proposed an "everyone for everyone" deal, in which Palestinian militant groups would release all of the Israeli captives in return for the release of all Palestinian prisoners in Israel.[29] 5,200 Palestinians were incarcerated by Israel before the war, but according to Palestinian officials, the number rose to over 10,000 amid a wave of mass detentions;[30][31] following the deportation of several thousand detained Gazan workers, the Palestinian Commission for Detainees and Ex-Prisoners’ Affairs placed the number at approximately 8,300.[29][32][33] Many of these prisoners are held under administrative detention, a process which is criticized by human right organizations as it only applied to West Bank Palestinians, and were arrested for crimes such as speech and nonviolent protest.[34][35] Families of the hostages have urged the Israeli government to accept the deal, claiming it was supported by "all of Israel,"[29] but Defence Minister Yoav Gallant has dismissed the offer and insisted that Israel would free the hostages by force.[36] Several countries and international organisations have called for temporary or permanent ceasefires since the start of the war.[37] Several countries have been involved in negotiations between Israel and Hamas, with Qatar taking the lead.[38] [39]

## Negotiations

[edit]

### In opposition

[edit]

On 24 October, US President Joe Biden stated, "We should have those hostages released and then we can talk",[40] and has subsequently doubled down on that opposition, saying that doing so would allow Hamas to attack Israel again.[41] On 25 October, UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak also rejected a call for a ceasefire.[42][43] The UK's Leader of the Labour Party, Keir Starmer, also opposed a ceasefire on 8 November.[44] German chancellor Olaf Scholz also opposed an "immediate cease-fire" on 13 November.[45][46] However, by 13 December, Israel and the United States were becoming increasingly isolated amid growing global calls for a ceasefire.[17][18][19][20]

The ceasefire was opposed domestically in Israel by three ministers from the political party Jewish Power.[47]

### In support

[edit]

"Ceasefire now" demand at a rally in Toronto, Canada

On 27 October, the United Nations General Assembly voted for a resolution calling for an immediate truce.[48] It received 121 votes in favor and 44 abstentions; 14 countries voted no: Israel, the US, Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Fiji, Guatemala, Hungary, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay and Tonga.[49][50]

Numerous heads of state, government officials and institutions, and international bodies have called for a ceasefire. On 8 October, Moussa Faki Mahamat, the Chair of the African Union, called for an end to the conflict and the establishment of a Palestinian state.[51] On 11 October, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva called for a ceasefire, stating, it was "urgently needed in defense of Israeli and Palestinian children".[52] On 15 October, Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro called for an immediate ceasefire.[53] On 16 October, Pakistani Prime Minister Anwar ul Haq Kakar called for an immediate ceasefire and the end of the Gaza blockade.[54] On 18 October, Dáil Éireann passed a resolution calling for a ceasefire.[55] On 19 October, Chinese President Xi Jinping stated, "The top priority now is a ceasefire as soon as possible", and called for the establishment of a Palestinian state.[56]

On 20 October, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan called for a ceasefire, stating Israel's attack on Gaza amounted to a genocide.[57] On 21 October, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi presented a plan for a ceasefire.[58] South African President Cyril Ramaphosa called for a ceasefire, stating "as South Africans we can relate to what is happening to Palestinians".[59] Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani called for ceasefire at the Cairo Peace Summit.[60] On 24 October, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman called for a ceasefire.[61] Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim called for a ceasefire and for Palestinians to be "treated as human beings".[62] On 25 October, King Abdullah II of Jordan stated ending the war was an "absolute necessity".[63] Humza Yousaf, the First Minister of Scotland, called for a ceasefire and stated that his own parents-in-law were trapped in Gaza.[64] On 5 November, Mahmoud Abbas called for an immediate ceasefire.[65] On 7 November, Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador called for a ceasefire.[66]

On 10 November, French president Emmanuel Macron urged Israel "to stop" bombing Gaza.[67][68] During a press conference at the White House on 14 November, Indonesian president Joko Widodo called for a ceasefire "for the sake of humanity".[69] On 15 November, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau urged Israel to exercise "maximum restraint".[70][a] On 25 November, Belgian deputy prime minister Petra De Sutter called for a general ceasefire.[72][73] On 9 December the prime ministers of Spain, Ireland, Belgium, and Malta signed a joint letter urging the European Union to call for a permanent ceasefire.[74]

On 19 October, Cuban Foreign Affairs Minister Bruno Rodriguez Parrilla called for a ceasefire, stating the war was the result of the "violation of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people".[75] Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi called for a ceasefire on 22 October.[76] On 25 October, Algerian foreign minister Ahmed Attaf called for an immediate cessation of bombing.[77] Retno Marsudi, Indonesia's Minister for Foreign Affairs, called for an immediate ceasefire.[78] On 26 October, the Foreign Ministers of nine Arab countries — the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, Egypt and Morocco — signed a joint statement calling for an immediate ceasefire.[79] On 8 November, UK Labour Party MP Imran Hussain resigned his frontbench position as shadow minister for the New Deal for Working People, to be able to advocate for a ceasefire outside of his frontbench position.[80]

Various ambassadors and dignitaries also supported a ceasefire. On 18 October, Lana Zaki Nusseibeh, Ambassador of the United Arab Emirates, stated her country's support for "no less than a full humanitarian ceasefire".[81] On 21 October and during a subsequent UN Security Council meeting on 24 October, UN Secretary-General António Guterres called for a ceasefire.[82][83] Russian U.N. Ambassador Vassily Nebenzia stated, "the whole world" is expecting the UN to call for a ceasefire.[84] On 29 October, Pope Francis called for a ceasefire and release of hostages.[85] On 31 October, UN refugee commissioner Filippo Grandi called for a ceasefire.[86][87]

On 5 November, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee issued a letter calling for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire, signed by the heads of 18 humanitarian organizations.[88] On 10 November, 1,000 employees of USAID signed an open letter calling for an immediate ceasefire.[89] On 21 November, the Scottish Parliament voted 90–28 in support of a motion calling for a ceasefire.[90] On 17 November, Josep Borrell stated the European Union was calling for an immediate humanitarian truce.[91][better source needed] The European Parliament voted in favor of a ceasefire on 18 January.[92][better source needed] The Non-Aligned Movement announced its support for a ceasefire on 20 January 2024.[93]

### Israel and Hamas

[edit]

On 2 November 2023, Hamas chairman Ismail Haniyeh stated that if Israel agreed to a ceasefire and the opening of humanitarian corridors to bring more aid into Gaza, Hamas is "ready for political negotiations for a two-state solution with Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine."[94][b] This followed the 1 November statement by Hamas official Ghazi Hamad that Hamas would repeat the 7 October attack time and again until Israel is annihilated.[97] On 3 November, Benjamin Netanyahu stated Israel would not agree to a ceasefire unless Hamas releases all hostages.[98] On 6 November, both Israel and Hamas rejected calls for a ceasefire.[99] On 15 November, Hamas official Izzat al-Risheq stated Israel was "stalling to continue its aggression and war against defenceless civilians."[100]

In December, Israel proposed to stop fighting for a week in exchange for 40 hostages still held by Hamas.[101] In response, Hamas declined this offer on 20 December, asserting that the release of Israeli hostages would not be considered until a ceasefire was put into place first.[102] This was rejected by Israel the following day.[103]

In January 2024, CNN reported that Israel had proposed allowing senior Hamas leaders to leave Gaza as part of a ceasefire agreement.[104]

## Agreement

[edit]

On 22 November, an agreement was reached that was brokered by Qatar, Egypt and the U.S. after weeks of indirect negotiations.[105] The deal provided for a four-day pause in fighting, the release of 50 Israeli hostages and 150 Palestinian prisoners, and the entry of more humanitarian aid into Gaza.[106][107][108] The ceasefire agreement allowed up to 200 trucks of aid to enter Gaza daily.[109] All Israelis and Palestinians freed were to be women and children.[110] According to Hamas, the deal also involved Israel halting all air sorties over southern Gaza and maintaining a daily six-hour daytime no-fly window over northern Gaza.[111]

Egyptian state media and a senior Israeli official announced that the ceasefire will enter into effect on the morning of 23 November.[110][112] However, the ceasefire actually began a day later on 24 November.[105] The Israeli government said that the ceasefire would be extended by one day for every additional 10 hostages released by Hamas,[113][114] but insisted that fighting would resume once the truce is over.[115]

During the ceasefire, Hamas declared that the Red Cross is not allowed to visit the remaining hostages in Gaza.[116] This continued the prevention of Red Cross visits that started at the beginning of the hostage crisis, on 7 October 2023.[117] But a term of the agreement was that Red Cross officials would be able to visit the hostages still held captive in Gaza by the end of the fourth day of the ceasefire.[118]

## Exchange of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners

[edit]

22-year old Palestinian woman Ahed Tamimi was released by Israel. She was first arrested when she was 16. 13-year old Israeli girl Hila Rotem was released by Hamas on November 26. Her mother, Raya, was released several days later.

Main article: 2023 exchange of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners

The most important part of the ceasefire agreement concerned the exchange of hostages for prisoners.[119] Extensions of the ceasefire are contingent on hostages being released in small batches every 24 hours.[120][121]

On 24 November 2023, the Israeli government confirmed that 13 Israeli hostages were released.[122][123] Srettha Thavisin, the Prime Minister of Thailand, additionally confirmed on social media that 12 Thai hostages were released.[124] Later in the day it was reported that of the 24 hostages initially released, the number included 13 Israeli citizens (including several dual citizens), 10 Thai citizens and one Filipino citizen, with the Qatari Foreign Ministry confirming that the Thai and Filipino hostages were released outside of the truce agreement.[125] The hostages were all reported to be in good health.[126] As of 28 November 50 Israeli hostages have been released, alongside 19 other captives of other nationalities.[127] Few of the released hostages have spoken of their experiences, but those who have recounted being kept in crowded spaces with little electricity, no mattresses, and sparse food available, with varying amounts distributed among the hostages; the family of one released hostage additionally claimed he had been forced to watch "horror videos" of the initial attacks.[128]

The hostages were released in exchange for the release of 150 women and children from Israeli prisons over the course of the ceasefire.[129] It was reported on 28 November that about 180 prisoners, mostly women and teenagers, were released after having been chosen from a list of 300 detained Palestinians.[130] An analysis by NBC News of the list about 20% were convicted of a crime, while the roughly 80% of the list were not convicted of any crimes and had either not been prosecuted or had been detained under administrative detention.[35] Among the Palestinians released on 30 November, was the prominent Palestinian activist Ahed Tamimi.[131]

The released prisoners described mistreatment and a lack of food and clean water in Israeli prisons,[132][133] with one released prisoner stating, "we've been tortured."[134] The released Palestinian captives were warned in a statement from Israel's national security minister Itamar Ben Gvir not to celebrate their release, or they would be returned to prison, and they could face a fine of 70,000 shekels or about $18,000 if they celebrated publicly or spoke to media.[35][135] One released teenager was told by Israeli officials that he was "not allowed to leave [his] house, raise any signs or banners" and that if any of the rules were broken he could be re-arrested; additionally, leading up to his release, his family's home had been searched several times.[130] The Palestinian Prisoners Society stated more Palestinians had been arrested than released since the start of the ceasefire.[136]

## Violations of ceasefire

[edit]

On the first day of the ceasefire, the IDF opened fire on the hundreds of Palestinians trying to return to their homes in northern Gaza, killing 2 Palestinians and injuring 11.[123][137] Many were returning home to retrieve their belongings. The IDF had warned Palestinians to not return by dropping leaflets. Some Palestinians decided to make the journey anyway due to lack of clothing and food.[123][138][139]

Both sides have blamed each other for violating the ceasefire agreement, shortly after it began. About two weeks following the ceasefire's end, a senior Israeli officer said that Hamas broke the ceasefire 15 minutes after it began with a series of attacks by dozens of fighters against Israeli positions in the town of Salatin, near Jabaliya, which stopped after Israeli troops repulsed them and killed about 20 Hamas fighters.[140] Israel accused Hamas of launching rockets into Israel about 15 minutes after the start of the pause, and claimed that it had not retaliated. The Gaza Health Ministry said that two people were killed and about thirty injured after Israeli soldiers had opened fire on Palestinians in the early morning.[125] Sky News reported on 24 November that Israeli sniper fire injured members of a group of civilians trying to cross from the North to the South of Gaza on the first day of the ceasefire.[141][142]

On 28 November, allegations of breaking the ceasefire were again raised by both sides. The IDF claimed that Hamas had detonated explosive devices near IDF troops, reportedly injuring several IDF soldiers with shots additionally fired upon them from Hamas militants. Hamas raised claims that the IDF's actions had raised friction in northern Gaza, with Israeli fighter jets flown over the Strip.[143][144]

As of 29 November 2023, Hamas had not allowed Red Cross officials to visit hostages still being held in Gaza. This decision is a violation of the truce agreement between Israel and Hamas that stipulated Red Cross officials would be able to visit the hostages still held captive in Gaza by the end of the fourth day of the ceasefire.[118] An Israeli sniper shot and injured men in Gaza.[145][better source needed] The United Nations reported that two Palestinians in Gaza were killed by Israeli fire.[146][better source needed] On 30 November Hamas claimed responsibility to shooting Israelis at a bus stop in Jerusalem.[147]

## Reactions

[edit]

On 27 October, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution ES-10/21 calling for an "immediate and sustained" humanitarian truce and cessation of hostilities.

The Israeli Prime Minister's Office released a statement on the release of the first group of hostages on 24 November, stating that the government "embraces our citizens returning home" and that they were "committed to the return of all hostages and missing persons." Israel President Isaac Herzog, also commented on the release along with Opposition Leader Yair Lapid, and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, who all welcomed back the hostages and indicated their work would not be complete until every hostage had been released.[148]

A physician who has been working with those released from being hostages remarked on the resilience of many of those released, but cautioned the long process of restoring those released sense of trust and control while living in Israel.[149]

### From families of hostages

[edit]

Gil Dickman, the cousin of a hostage named Carmel, told The Independent that "if this deal opens the door to the next deal," then more hostages will be released, adding "the problem is whether it’s going to fall apart in between the days."[150] Another hostages parent lamented over her jealousy that the families of those released hostages were able to hug and see their released loved ones.[123]

Many family members also referenced those still held captive, with a brother of one of the return children stating while they were happy, there were still other hostages and they needed to keep up the struggle until everyone was returned. Another who had a relative returned but another is still held captive, stated that they were still missing parts of their heart.[149] Relatives of an American-Israeli girl who was orphaned in the 7 October attacks celebrated her release stating, "there are no words to express our relief and gratitude" on her homecoming.[151]

### Palestinians

[edit]

Palestinian residents had mixed reactions. Some told The New York Times that it was "a little bit of relief" while many feared it would not end the war. One view was that four days was not enough time to pull bodies from the rubble or search for missing people.[152] In the West Bank, thousands reportedly gathered around the Israeli military's Ofer Prison awaiting the release of the Palestinian prisoners, while waving Palestinian flags. Israeli police reportedly fired tear gas into the crowd in an effort to disperse it.[123] Israel's National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir said that Palestinians were banned from celebrating their release, because "Expressions of joy are equivalent to backing terrorism, victory celebrations give backing to those human scum, for those Nazis."[153] In the Qalandiya refugee camp in the West Bank, a Palestinian stated that while the cease fire is a good pause from the bombardment it is not a solution, calling the Israeli military actions a massacre.[125] Some feared the return of airstrikes "at any minute."[154]

Bisan Owda, who had been documenting the conflict on social media, criticized the ceasefire as not guaranteeing the end of Israel's military operations in Gaza, "not enough to pull the dead bodies from under the rubble and bury them," and freelance journalist Hind Khoudary said the ceasefire was "meaningless" without being able to return to Gaza.[152]

### International

[edit]

The deal was welcomed by U.S. President Joe Biden[155] and by the United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia. The prime minister of Qatar, Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani expressed hope that the ceasefire would become permanent and the deal was applauded by Arab foreign ministers, who called for significant increase in aid to Gaza and an extended truce.[150] Politico reported that some in the Biden administration was concerned that a ceasefire would give journalists greater access to Gaza and allow them to report on destruction there, turning public opinion against Israel.[156] During the ceasefire, U.S. secretary of state Antony Blinken said that any future military operation by Israel should include plans to minimize further casualties of Palestinian civilians.[157]

On 22 November, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa welcomed the four-day ceasefire and expressed hope that it would bolster efforts to achieve an "outright end to the current conflict."[158] Joel Weiller, the Director General of Médecins du Monde, stated, "A four-day pause is a band-aid not healthcare. This is not humanitarian access, it's a joke."[159] On 30 November, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez stated that continuing the military actions in Gaza after the truce ends is not acceptable, and that he doubts Israel respects the international humanitarian law.[160] On the same day, 30 November, Jordan's king - Abdullah, urged U.N. aid officials and international groups to pile pressure on Israel to allow more humanitarian aid into Gaza.[161]

On 22 December, Scottish Prime Minister Humza Yousaf stated, "When history books tell the story of the devastation of Gaza, future generations will rightly condemn those who opposed an immediate ceasefire."[162]

White House National Security Council spokesman John Kirby has attributed the end of the temporary cease-fire agreement with Israel to Hamas. Kirby stated on "Fox News Sunday" that the U.S. believes eight or nine Americans are still held hostage by Hamas in Gaza. Kirby stated: "Hamas is the reason that the pause ended, because they refused to put on the list additional women and children that we know that they are holding and they're refusing to let go," Kirby said. "We are working literally by the hour to see if we can get this back on track." Kirby further stated that the US is working to reinstate the cease-fire. Despite recognizing the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, Kirby underscored the need to help Israel eliminate the threat from Hamas.[163][164][15][165][16]

On December 2, Netanyahu ordered the return of the delegation from Doha, as negotiations reportedly had stalled due to Hamas's refusal to implement agreements that provided for the release of all children and women from a list of hostages.[166] The same day, after the truce had already ended, Turkey's president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stated that the opportunity for a permanent ceasefire was lost due to what he refers to as "Israel's uncompromising approach".[167]

## See also

[edit]

* Ceasefire proposal for Israel–Hamas war (May 5)
* Israel–Hamas war ceasefire framework

## Footnotes

[edit]

1. ^ Trudeau notably did not call for a ceasefire, leading to condemnation from donors.[71]
2. ^ East Jerusalem is considered Israeli-occupied Palestinian territory under international law.[95][96]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Israel-Hamas truce deal: All that you need to know". Al Jazeera English. 22 November 2023. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
2. ^ "Who Are the Palestinian Prisoners to Be Released in the Israel-Hamas Hostage Deal?". Haaretz. 22 November 2023. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
3. ^ Massoud, Bassam; Rose, Emily (22 November 2023). "Israel, Hamas agree 4-day truce for hostage release and aid into Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
4. ^ "Truce in Israel-Hamas war extended by a day, minutes before it was set to expire". Associated Press. 29 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
5. ^ "Israel and Hamas agree to extend their cease-fire by another day". Associated Press. 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
6. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Salem, Mohammad; Pamuk, Humeyra; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Pamuk, Humeyra (30 November 2023). "Israel, Hamas extend Gaza truce by one day in last-minute deal". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
7. ^ "Blinken seeks a new extension of the Gaza cease-fire as he heads again to the Middle East". Associated Press. 29 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
8. ^ "Hamas says Israel rejected proposed hostage release to extend truce ends". The Jerusalem Post. Reuters. 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
9. ^ Sabbagh, Dan; Burke, Jason (1 December 2023). "Israel launches strikes on Gaza as fighting resumes after truce expires". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
10. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Salem, Suhaib; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (1 December 2023). "Israel resumes Gaza assault after rockets fired, heavy fighting reported". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
11. ^ Najjar, Farah; Muro, Adam (1 December 2023). "Israel-Hamas war live: Israel resumes Gaza bombing after truce expires". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
12. ^ "IDF says it has renewed combat in Gaza: 'Hamas violated the ceasefire'". The Times of Israel. 1 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
13. ^ "Israeli air strikes pound Gaza as truce with Hamas ends". Al Jazeera. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
14. ^ "Israel pulls Mossad negotiators from Qatar after 'impasse' over captives". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
15. ^ a b "White house blames Hamas for ceasefire collapse; Gaza rockets fired into central Israel, Ashdod". Ynetnews. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
16. ^ a b US Blames Hamas for End of Gaza Truce, 1 December 2023, retrieved 4 December 2023
17. ^ a b "Israel and U.S. Face Growing Isolation as Deadly War in Gaza Continues With No End in Sight". Times. 12 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023. "Israel and the United States were increasingly isolated as they faced global calls for a cease-fire in Gaza, including a non-binding vote expected to pass at the United Nations later on Tuesday. Israel has pressed ahead with an offensive against Gaza's Hamas rulers that it says could go on for weeks or months."
18. ^ a b "Israel and US show sharp divisions over mounting casualties and future of war against Hamas". Associated Press. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023. "Israel and the United States on Tuesday showed their sharpest public disagreement yet over the conduct and future of the war against Hamas as the two allies became increasingly isolated by global calls for a cease-fire."
19. ^ a b "US increasingly alone in Israel support as 153 countries vote for ceasefire at UN". The Guardian. 12 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023. "The United States was looking increasingly isolated on the world stage on Tuesday after a resounding vote at the UN general assembly calling for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza."
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* v
* t
* e

Israel–Hamas war

* Timeline
* Outline

Engage-
ments|

| Hamas-led
attack on
Israel|

| Attacks on civilians|

* Netiv HaAsara
* Alumim
* Be'eri
* Elhanan Team
* Holit
* Kfar Aza
* Kissufim
* Nir Oz
* Nir Yitzhak
* Nahal Oz
* Nirim
* Nova music festival
* Death Shelters
* Psyduck music festival

|

Battles|

* Re'im
* Sderot
* Sufa
* Zikim
* Israeli female tank crew fight

General topics|

* Allegations of genocide
* Allegations of involvement of UNRWA employees
* Death Shelters
* Denial
* Sexual and gender-based violence
* "Screams Without Words"
* Bearing Witness
* Screams Before Silence

Israeli
invasion
of Gaza|

* Beit Hanoun
* Gaza City
* Khan Yunis
* Rafah
* Background

Attacks on
refugee camps|

* Jabalia
* 31 October
* Al-Shati
* Al-Shati and Tuffah dual airstrikes
* Al-Maghazi
* Tel al-Sultan attack
* Al-Mawasi (May)
* Nuseirat refugee camp massacre
* Al-Mawasi (June)
* Al-Shati (July)
* Deir el-Balah (August)
* Al-Mawasi (September)

Attacks on schools|

* Al-Fakhoora
* Shadia Abu Ghazala
* Al-Sardi
* Al-Awda
* Khadija
* Hamama
* Al-Tabaeen
* Al-Jawni
* Rufaida
* Abu Hussein

Attacks on
health facilities|

* Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion
* Al-Shifa Hospital siege
* alleged military use
* ambulance airstrike
* Gaza Strip mass graves
* Kamal Adwan Hospital sieges
* Killing of health workers
* Nasser Hospital siege
* Nasser Hospital mass graves
* 14 October 2024 Al-Aqsa Hospital attack

Other attacks|

* Airstrikes on municipal services in Gaza
* Attacks on religious sites
* Engineer's Building airstrike
* Rafah strikes
* Flour massacre
* Kuwait Roundabout mass killings
* Palestinians evacuating Gaza City
* World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack
* 9 July 2024 attacks
* 13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack
* Khan Yunis
* Deir al-Balah mosque
* Beit Lahia attacks
* Beit Lahia airstrike

General topics|

* AI-assisted targeting
* Bombing of the Gaza Strip
* Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
* Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war
* Gaza genocide
* Israeli generals' plan
* Torture

Other
theaters|

* Israeli incursions in the West Bank
* 2024 Israeli military operation
* Killing of Benjamin Achimeir
* April 2024 Israeli settler rampages
* Lehi Street bombing
* Givat Shaul shooting
* Majdal Shams attack
* Tower 22 drone attack
* Israeli incursions in Tulkarm
* 2024 Masyaf raid
* 2024 Jaffa shooting
* 2024 Tulkarm Camp airstrike

Iran–Israel conflict|

* Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus
* Iranian strikes in Israel
* April 2024
* October 2024
* Israeli strikes on Iran
* April 2024
* October 2024
* Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh

Israel–Hezbollah conflict
(Timeline)|

* Attacks on journalists
* Lebanese displacement
* Assassinations
* Hezbollah headquarters
* Ibrahim Aqil
* Saleh al-Arouri
* Assassination of Fuad Shukr
* August 2024 Nabatieh attack
* August 2024 Israel–Lebanon strikes
* 2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks
* September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon
* Israeli invasion of Lebanon

Red Sea crisis
(Timeline)|

* Operation Prosperity Guardian
* Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou
* 2024 missile strikes in Yemen
* Marlin Luanda missile strike
* 2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel
* Israeli attack on Yemen (July 2024)
* Attacks on the Sounion
* Israeli attacks on Yemen (September 2024)

Hostages|

* Hostage–prisoner exchange
* Kidnapped from Israel
* Hostages and Missing Families Forum
* Hostages Square

Captive|

* Bibas family
* Oded Lifshitz
* Naama Levy

Rescued|

* Operation Golden Hand
* Ori Megidish
* Nuseirat operation
* Noa Argamani
* Rescue of Qaid Farhan Al-Qadi

Released|

* Rachel Edry
* Yarden Roman-Gat
* Mia Schem

Deceased|

* Alex Dancyg
* Hersh Goldberg-Polin
* Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka

General
topics|

* Ceasefire
* COGAT
* Dahiya doctrine
* Effect on children in Gaza
* Hannibal Directive
* Humanitarian aid
* International recognition of the State of Palestine
* Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)
* Israeli interrogations
* Queer advocacy in the Israel–Hamas war
* Women
* Wikipedia

Historical context|

* Arab–Israeli conflict
* International law
* Background to the Israel–Hamas war
* Blockade of the Gaza Strip
* Palestinian freedom of movement
* Gaza–Israel conflict
* Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip
* Human rights violations
* Human shields
* Israeli demolition of Palestinian property
* Israeli settlement
* Legality of Israeli settlements
* Israeli outpost
* Israeli settler violence
* Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip
* Palestinian rocket attacks
* Palestinian tunnel warfare
* anti-tunnel barrier
* Israeli assassinations
* Women

Effects|

* Calls for the destruction of Israel
* Israeli government response
* Israeli war cabinet
* Mass detentions
* Economic impact
* Environment impact in Gaza
* Evacuations
* Gaza Strip evacuations
* Humanitarian crisis
* Gaza floating pier
* Healthcare collapse
* Premature baby crisis
* Famine
* Societal breakdown
* Israeli public diplomacy
* Media coverage
* Violence against journalists
* Misinformation
* Pallywood
* Palestinian genocide accusation
* United States complicity
* Sexual violence against Palestinians
* War crimes
* Hamas
* Israeli
* Cemetery destruction and necroviolence
* Israeli torture in the occupied territories
* Proposed Israeli resettlement of Gaza

Reactions|

* Calls for a ceasefire
* Three-phase proposal
* September 2024 Israel hostage deal protests
* Diplomatic impact
* University donors
* European Union
* Islamic Summit Conference
* Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit
* Hurmat-e-Masjid Aqsa Conference
* Cancellation of the 2023 MTV EMA
* Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip
* 2024 Beijing Declaration

Military aid|

* US support for Israel
* UK support for Israel

Discrimination|

* Antisemitism
* Riots in the North Caucasus
* Anti-Palestinianism
* Islamophobia
* Violent incidents
* Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume
* Death of Paul Kessler
* Vermont student shooting

Protests|

* University campuses
* Columbia
* Sciences Po
* UCLA
* France
* March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism
* Indonesia
* 2023 Bitung clashes
* Israel
* Humanitarian aid blockade
* Spain
* 2024 pro-Palestinian strike
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Artists4Ceasefire
* DNC protests
* March on Washington for Gaza
* March for Israel
* National March on Washington: Free Palestine
* Protest votes
* Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell
* Pakistan
* D-Chowk Dharna
* 2024 Faizabad sit-in

UN resolutions|

* A/RES/ES-10/21
* S/RES/2712
* A/RES/ES-10/22
* S/RES/2720
* S/RES/2728
* A/RES/ES-10/23
* S/RES/2735
* A/RES/ES-10/L.31

UN inquiry|

* Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory
* War crimes and crimes against humanity report

Global courts|

* South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)
* Nicaragua v. Germany
* Legal Consequences of Israeli Policies and Practices
* Arrest warrants

Courts|

* Defense for Children International – Palestine v. Biden

Casualties|

| Israel|

| Security forces|

* Alim Abdallah
* Yitzhak Ben-Bashat
* Jayar Davidov
* Eli Ginsberg
* Salman Habaka
* Asaf Hamami
* Yitzhar Hofman
* Roi Levy
* Izhar Peled
* Yonatan Steinberg
* Ehsan Daxa

|

Civilians|

* Lior Asulin
* Yuval Castleman
* Hayim Katsman
* Ofir Libstein
* Shani Louk
* Aner Shapira
* Vivian Silver
* Yahav Winner

Palestine|

| Hamas|

* Ismail Haniyeh
* Yahya Sinwar
* Saleh al-Arouri
* Abdul Fatah Dukhan
* Mohammed Dababish
* Wissam Farhat
* Ahmed Ghandour
* Mohammed Deif
* Marwan Issa
* Fursan Khalifa
* Osama Mazini
* Ayman Nofal
* Jamila al-Shanti
* Ali Al Qadi
* Alaa Shreiteh
* Faiq Al-Mabhouh

|

Other
militants|

* Fouad Abu Butihan
* Jihad Shehadeh

Civilians|

* Tawfic Abdel Jabbar
* Majed Abu Maraheel
* Hiba Abu Nada
* Refaat Alareer
* Hammam Alloh
* Nahida and Samar Anton
* Ibrahim al-Astal
* Ahmad Bahar
* Mohammed Barakat
* Mohammad Bhar
* David Ben Avraham
* Adnan al-Bursh
* Rashid Dabour
* Mohamed al-Dalou
* Awni El-Dous
* Omar Ferwana
* Fathi Ghaben
* Ihab al-Ghussein
* Medo Halimy
* Sidra Hassouna
* Yazan al-Kafarneh
* Mohammad Khdour
* Hani Al-Masdar
* Ibrahim Qusaya
* Hind Rajab
* Mohammed Shabir
* Rashad Abu Sakhila
* Omar Abu Shawish
* Sufian Tayeh
* Wael Al Zard
* Talal Abu Zarifa
* Shaban al-Dalou
* Mahasen al-Khateeb
* Nagham Abu Samra

Spillover|

* Saleh al-Arouri
* Ali Hussein Barji
* Waibhav Anil Kale
* Razi Mousavi
* Wissam al-Tawil
* Sadegh Omidzadeh
* Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi
* Mohammad Reza Zahedi
* Fuad Shukr
* Ibrahim Aqil
* Hassan Nasrallah
* Ali Karaki
* Nabil Qaouk
* Abbas Nilforoushan
* Hashem Safieddine

Journalists|

* Issam Abdallah
* Samer Abu Daqqa
* Ismail al-Ghoul
* Belal Jadallah

General topics|

* Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* Friendly fire

Related
people|

| Israelis|

* Nimrod Aloni
* Rachel Goldberg-Polin
* Eitan Okun
* Yagel Oshri
* Inbal Rabin-Lieberman
* Amir Tibon

|

Palestinians|

* Wael Al-Dahdouh
* Plestia Alaqad
* Motaz Azaiza
* Bisan Owda
* Mustafa Moien Ayyash

Other
topics|

* 2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal
* Ahmed Abdel Khalek
* Al-Saqqa House
* Al Qarara Cultural Museum
* "All Eyes on Rafah"
* Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war
* Blockout 2024
* Central Archives of Gaza City
* Bearing Witness
* "From the river to the sea"
* Gaza Daily
* "Harbu Darbu"
* "Hind's Hall"
* "Hurricane"
* Israeli demolition of Palestinian property
* Palestinian sports during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
* "Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population"
* Project Nimbus
* "Rajieen"

* Category

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