2024 Chadian presidential election

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| <- 2021 | 6 May 2024[1] |

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Nominee  | Mahamat Déby | Succès Masra | Albert Pahimi Padacké
Party  | MPS | Les Transformateurs | National Rally of Chadian Democrats
Popular vote  | 3,784,360 | 1,149,199  | 1,048,506
Percentage  | 61.03 | 18.53  | 16.91

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| President before election

Mahamat Déby (transitional)
Military

| Elected President

Mahamat Déby

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Presidential elections were held in Chad on 6 May 2024.[1][2] The elections followed a constitutional referendum held on 17 December 2023, following the death of President Idriss Déby in 2021.[3][4] Incumbent transitional president Mahamat Déby, the son of Idriss Déby, ran as the candidate of the Patriotic Salvation Movement, winning the election leading to another extension of 34 years of rule by the Déby family.[5][6][7]

## Background[edit]

In October 2022, incumbent President Mahamat Déby extended the transition period for another two years. Despite previously declaring that he was not intending to succeed his father, this time he also declared that he was eligible for election for a full term. Chad's security forces gunned down at least 128 protesting people in a day and arrested hundreds more.[7]

Following the announcement of the election date on 28 February 2024, clashes broke out in the capital N'Djamena after the government said that supporters of the opposition Socialist Party without Borders (PSF) attacked the headquarters of the National State Security Agency (ANSE), and attempted to assassinate the head of the Supreme Court, Samir Adam Annour. Government forces subsequently laid siege to PSF headquarters, resulting in several deaths,[8] including that of PSF leader Yaya Dillo Djérou, Deby's cousin who had announced his intention to run for president and was regarded as his main opponent,[9] in what authorities said was a shootout.[10]

The attacks were condemned by the African Union, while French Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs Jean-Yves Le Drian called for an impartial investigation into the incident.[11]

On 12 April 2024 the United Chad party filed a complaint against the United Chad coalition of Mahamat Deby, accusing it of plagiarism.[12]

## Electoral system[edit]

The President of Chad is elected for a five-year term using a two-round system, with an absolute majority required in the first round to prevent a second round of voting.

## Candidates[edit]

The Chadian electoral commission announced that it would release the official list of candidates approved by the Constitutional Council on 24 March 2024.[1]

### Nominated candidates[edit]

Candidate's name, age,
political party  | Experience  | Campaign  | Details

|
|
|

Mahamat Déby
(39)
Patriotic Salvation Movement |  |  | Incumbent Transitional President of Chad
(2022–present)
President of the Transitional Military Council
(2021–2022) |  | Initially in 2021 Déby promised he would not stand in the poll to succeed his father.[7] However on 13 January 2024, he was announced as the nominee of the Patriotic Salvation Movement by party secretary Mahamat Zene Bada.[13] He confirmed his candidacy on 2 March as a candidate of the wider For a United Chad coalition.[14]

#### Les Transformateurs[edit]

* Succès Masra, incumbent Prime Minister of Chad (2024–present).[15] His candidacy was approved by the Constitutional Court.[16] On 10 March 2024 that he had accepted his party's nomination of him as its candidate for the presidential election.[17] After being pursued by the junta with an international arrest warrant, he returned to Chad in November 2023 after signing an agreement with the government.[7] It is the first time in Chad's history that a president and a prime minister will face each other in a presidential election.[18]

#### Other candidates[edit]

The candidacies of eight other candidates were approved[19] namely:

* Albert Pahimi Padacke, former Prime Minister of Chad (National Rally of Chadian Democrats)[20]
* Alladoum Djarma Baltazar (Action for Renewal of Chad)[21]
* Theophile Bongoro Bebzoune, member of the National Transitional Council (Rally for Democracy and Progress)[21]
* Lydie Beassemda, Minister of Education (Party for Democracy and Full Independence [fr])[21]
* Mansiri Lopsikréo [fr], engineer (Les Élites)[21]
* Brice Mbaimon Guedmbaye (Movement of Chadian Patriots)[21]
* Yacine Abdramane Sakine [fr], banker (Reformist Party [fr])[21]
* Nasra Djimasngar, academic (New Day Party)[21]

### Killed candidates[edit]

Yaya Djérou

#### Socialist Party Without Borders[edit]

* Yaya Dillo Djérou, killed by government forces shortly after the vote date announcement.[9]

### Rejected candidates[edit]

* Nassour Ibrahim Neguy Koursami, rejected because of "irregularities" in application.[22] He was also accused of forgery in his papers.[23]
* Rakhis Ahmat Saleh, rejected because of "irregularities" in application.[22]

The candidacies of ten candidates in total were rejected.[22]

## Opinion polls[edit]

In a poll of 1,000 people residing in the 10 districts of N'Djamena conducted by the Center for Development Studies and the Prevention of Extremism, 487 of the respondents (50.94%) said they did not believe in the credibility of Chad's electoral authorities (the National Election Management Agency and the Constitutional Council) because they are under the control of supporters of Mahamat Deby. Speaking of credible candidates for the presidential election, 261 (79.09%) of the 330 who did not abstain listed Succès Masra as credible, 46 (13.94%) listed Mahamat Deby, and 23 (6.97%) listed other candidates.[24]

Furthermore, only 45% of the respondents thought that the next presidential election could guarantee peace, security, and social coalition. Indicators of a likely post-election crisis focus on electoral fraud, lack of equality between candidates, and secondarily, possible violence. And when asked which indicators could lead to a post-election crisis, 47.8% thought that fraud would be the main indicator, 40.89% attribute it to the lack of equality between candidates, and 19.4% mentioned violence. Finally, the majority of those questioned (53.87%) thought that Chad is not yet on the right track path to democracy.[24]

## Campaign[edit]

On 15 March, the period for submitting applications ended, around fifteen candidates submitted their applications to the Constitutional Council.[25]

On 16 March the "We the People" coalition demanded the postponement of the presidential election and the opening of an inclusive national dialogue.[26] On 23 March the opposition platform Wakit Tamma called for a boycott of the presidential election, criticizing a “masquerade” whose results were known in advance.[27] On 13 April bishops of Chad called on political parties to ensure the smooth running of the presidential election.[28]

The Chadian National Election Management Authority (ANGE) issued a prohibition on taking photographs and videos of the results, as well as their publication on social media or any other radio or television platform,[29] saying that opposition parties could upload manipulated results to incite violence.[30]

As part of his campaign, Success Masra unveiled what he called a "minimum package of dignity", which includes a five-year plan to generate 200,000 jobs, divided equally between the private and public sectors.[31]

## Conduct[edit]

Early voting was conducted for members of the Chad National Army and nomads on 5 May.[32] On election day, polls opened at 07:00 and closed at 17:00. Some 8.5 million people are eligible to cast their vote. Provisional results are expected to be released by 21 May, while final results are due by 5 June.[33] Several civil society groups said that authorities rejected many of the 2,900 applications sent in by would-be observers.[34] Several violent incidents during voting were reported by local journalists, leading to the deaths of at least two people in Abéché and Moundou,[32] where a soldier was fatally stabbed by angry residents after he was reportedly caught stuffing ballot boxes in favor of Deby.[30]

Following the election, Succès Masra and his Les Transformateurs party said that he and his supporters had been subjected to threats, violence and arbitrary arrests, adding that has his residence had been placed under surveillance. Masra also accused the National Elections Management Agency of rigging the vote in favor of Mahamat Deby and urged voters to defend what he called their will expressed at the ballot box against massive electoral fraud. The Coalition of Moral Authorities for Mediation (CONAMM), an association that includes traditional rulers, clerics, former government ministers and youth and women leaders, also complained of massive fraud and intimidation during the election, including ballot-stuffing and ballot-snatching by government officials.[30] The International Federation for Human Rights said that the election appeared "neither credible, free nor democratic", while the International Crisis Group also said that "a number of problems in the run-up to the balloting cast doubt on its credibility".[35]

## Results[edit]

On 9 May, just before the release of provisional results, Masra claimed victory in a live broadcast on Facebook, calling on his supporters and security forces to oppose what he saw as an attempt to steal the election. Later, the same day, provisional results were released, indicating a decisive victory for Deby, who garnered 61.3% of the vote, surpassing the required threshold of 50% to avoid a runoff. Masra only secured 18.53% of the vote.[36] The results were announced two weeks earlier than scheduled.[37] Former prime minister and third place finisher, Albert Pahimi Padacké, congratulated Déby on his victory.[38] Gunfire was reported in N'Djamena following the release of the results,[39] while celebrations were held by Deby supporters outside the Presidential Palace.[40]

### Provisional election results[edit]

The provisional results of the election were announced by National Elections Management Agency (ANGE) on 9 May. Of the 8,202,207 registered voters, 6,224,387 voted and 23,686 votes were invalid. The turnout was 75.89%.[41][42][43][44]

Candidate| Party| Votes| %

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| Mahamat Déby| Patriotic Salvation Movement| 3,784,360| 63.26
| Succès Masra| Les Transformateurs| 1,149,199| 19.21
| Albert Pahimi Padacké| National Rally for Democracy in Chad| 1,048,506| 17.53
| Yacine Abdramane Sakine [fr]| Reformist Party [fr]| | 0.36
| Brice Guedmbaye| Movement of Patriotic Chadians for the Republic| | 0.45
| Alladoum Djarma| Chadian Socialist Action for Renewal| | 0.55
| Théophile Bongoro| Party for Rally and Equity in Chad| | 0.76
| Lydie Beassemda| Party for Democracy and Full Independence [fr]| | 0.96
| Mansiri Lopsikréo [fr]| Les Élites| | 0.24
| Djimasngar Nasra | A New Day| | 0.21
Total| 5,982,065| 100.00
Valid votes| 5,982,065| 99.61
Invalid/blank votes| 23,686| 0.39
Total votes| 6,005,751| 100.00
Registered voters/turnout| 8,202,207| 73.22

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c "Chad's election agency sets dates for presidential polls". Africanews. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
2. ^ "Chad To Hold Presidential Vote On May 6 To End Junta Rule". www.barrons.com. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
3. ^ "Chad's president delays elections and expands his powers". Deutsche Welle. 13 October 2022.
4. ^ "Chad Leaders Urge Civilians to Participate in Sunday's Constitutional Referendum". Voice of America. 15 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
5. ^ "Chad's Idriss Deby, a longstanding French ally in the troubled Sahel". France 24. 20 April 2021. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
6. ^ Henningsen, Troels Burchall (15 September 2021). "Chad has a new roadmap: why it may lead to more of the same, and not democracy". The Conversation. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
7. ^ a b c d "Will Chad be the next Western ally in Africa to fail?". The Economist. 23 November 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
8. ^ "Chad announces several deaths after foiled intelligence office attack". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
9. ^ a b "Chadian opposition leader dies in gun exchange, state prosecutor says". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
10. ^ "Yaya Dillo: Chad opposition leader killed in shootout". BBC. 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
11. ^ Larcher, Laurent (11 March 2021). "Au Tchad, la campagne présidentielle se durcit". La Croix (in French). Retrieved 3 March 2024.
12. ^ "Ndjamena: le premier dépositaire du nom «Tchad uni» porte plainte contre la coalition de Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno" [N'djamena: the first custodian of the name “United Chad” files a complaint against the coalition of Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno]. Radio France International (in French). 12 April 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
13. ^ "Opposition condemns designation of Chad's military ruler as presidential candidate". Voice of America. The Standard. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
14. ^ "Chad's transitional leader Déby confirms candidacy for May 6 presidential vote". France 24. 2 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
15. ^ "Chad's transitional leader General Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno candidate for 2024 elections". North Africa Post. 15 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
16. ^ "Chad: Mahamat Deby, Success Masra among 10 cleared candidates for presidential election". Africanews. 25 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
17. ^ "Success Masra declares candidacy for Chad's presidency". Africanews. 11 March 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
18. ^ "Chad main opposition figures barred as leaders cleared for election". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
19. ^ "Chad: Mahamat Deby, Success Masra among 10 cleared candidates for presidential election". Africanews. 25 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
20. ^ "Chad's interim president the favourite as the country goes to the polls". Africanews. 3 May 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
21. ^ a b c d e f g "What's at stake in Chad's presidential election?". Al Jazeera. 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
22. ^ a b c "Chad court bars key Déby opponents from May 6 presidential vote". France 24. 24 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
23. ^ "Chad presidential vote set to end military rule". BBC. 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
24. ^ a b CEDPE. "Un sondage suscite l'enthousiasme pendant la campagne électorale au Tchad". centrerecherche.com (in French). Retrieved 4 May 2024.
25. ^ "Afrique Tchad: fin du dépôt des candidatures pour l'élection présidentielle". RFI (in French). 16 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
26. ^ "Tchad: la coalition «Nous le Peuple» demande le report de la présidentielle" [Chad: the “We the People” coalition calls for the presidential election to be postponed]. RFI (in French). 17 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
27. ^ "Au Tchad, l'une des principales plateformes de l'opposition appelle au boycott de la présidentielle". Jeune Afrique (in French). 23 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
28. ^ "Afrique Présidentielle au Tchad: les évêques appellent au bon déroulement de la campagne électorale". Radio France International. 13 April 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
29. ^ "Chadians vigilant ahead of presidential elections on Monday". Africanews. 5 May 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
30. ^ a b c "Chad opposition, civil society groups complain of vote rigging and threats". VOA. 9 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
31. ^ "Chad goes to polls to vote for a new president". Africanews. 5 May 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
32. ^ a b "Chad holds a presidential election after years of military rule". AP News. 6 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
33. ^ "Chad votes for president after three years of military rule". France 24. 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
34. ^ "Chad holds a presidential election after years of military rule". Associated Press. 6 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
35. ^ "Chad's interim leader Déby wins presidential vote, main rival Masra disputes results". France 24. 10 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
36. ^ "Mahamat Déby wins Chad presidential election". BBC. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
37. ^ "Chad Junta Chief Deby Wins Presidential Vote". Barron's. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
38. ^ "Tchad: Pahimi Padacké félicite Mahamat Idriss Deby pour sa victoire à la présidentielle". Alwihda Info (in French). Retrieved 10 May 2024.
39. ^ "Chad's military ruler declared winner of presidential election as opposition disputes result". Africanews. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
40. ^ "Chad: Supporters of Mahamat Deby take to the streets in celebration of electoral win". Africanews. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
41. ^ "Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno déclaré vainqueur de la présidentielle du 6 mai". Tchad et culture (in French). 9 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
42. ^ "Présidentielle au Tchad: premières réactions au lendemain de la victoire annoncée de Mahamat Idriss Déby". Yahoo News (in French). 10 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
43. ^ "Election présidentielle au Tchad: ce que disent les résultats provisoires après le duel Masra - Deby". BBC News Afrique (in French). 9 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
44. ^ Ngarndinon, Madjissembaye (9 May 2024). "Élection présidentielle: voici les scores recueillis par les dix candidats". Tchadinfos.com (in French). Retrieved 10 May 2024.

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