2024 European Parliament election in Spain

2024 election of members of the European parliament for Spain

2024 European Parliament election in Spain

* * *

| <- 2019 | 9 June 2024 | 2029 ->

|
|

<- outgoing members

* * *

All 61[a] Spanish seats in the European Parliament
Opinion polls
Registered| 38,050,286 2.2%
Turnout| 17,652,007 (46.4%)
14.3 pp
|  | First party  | Second party  | Third party

|
|
|

|  |  |
Leader  | Dolors Montserrat | Teresa Ribera | Jorge Buxadé
Party  | PP | PSOE | Vox
Alliance  | EPP | S&D | Patriots
Leader since  | 1 April 2019  | 24 April 2024  | 21 April 2019
Last election  | 13 seats, 20.2%  | 21 seats, 32.9%  | 4 seats, 6.2%
Seats won  | 22  | 20  | 6
Seat change  | 9  | 1  | 2
Popular vote  | 5,996,627  | 5,290,945  | 1,688,255
Percentage  | 34.2%  | 30.2%  | 9.6%
Swing  | 14.0 pp | 2.7 pp | 3.4 pp

* * *

| Fourth party  | Fifth party  | Sixth party
|  |  |
Leader  | Diana Riba | Estrella Galán | Alvise Pérez
Party  | Ahora Repúblicas | Sumar | SALF
Alliance  | Greens/EFA
The Left | Greens/EFA
The Left | NI
Leader since  | 6 February 2024  | 19 March 2024  | 22 February 2024
Last election  | 3 seats, 5.6%  | 3 seats (UPCE)[b] | Did not contest
Seats won  | 3  | 3  | 3
Seat change  | 0  | 0  | 3
Popular vote  | 860,660  | 818,015  | 803,545
Percentage  | 4.9%  | 4.7%  | 4.6%
Swing  | 0.7 pp | n/a | New party

* * *

Winner strength by province

Winner strength by autonomous community

The 2024 European Parliament election in Spain was held on Sunday, 9 June 2024, as part of the EU-wide election to elect the 10th European Parliament. All 61 seats allocated to Spain as per the Treaty of Lisbon and the 2023 Council Decision establishing the composition of the European Parliament were up for election.[a]

The election resulted in a victory for the opposition People's Party (PP), albeit short of the landslide victory that opinion polls had predicted a few weeks before the vote. At 34.2% and 22 seats, this was an increase of 14 percentage points and 9 seats from its 2019 performance. The ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), with third deputy prime minister Teresa Ribera as its lead candidate, held its own by scoring 30.2% and 20 seats, a drop of less than three points and one seat to its 2019 result. Far-right Vox increased its count by three points and two seats to just below 10% and 6, whereas the left-wing vote split between Yolanda Díaz's Sumar alliance and former minister Irene Montero's Podemos. The election was notable for the surprise performance of social media polemicist Alvise Pérez's right-wing Se Acabó La Fiesta (Spanish for "The Party Is Over"), which scored in sixth place just below Sumar. Left-wing nationalist Ahora Repúblicas roughly maintained its share and seats from the 2019 election, whereas Carles Puigdemont's Together and Free for Europe (Junts UE) and the peripheral nationalist Coalition for a Solidary Europe (CEUS) saw large drops in support. The vote for liberal Citizens (Cs), which had peaked at 12.2% and 8 seats in the previous election, collapsed to 0.7%, losing all of its parliamentary representation.

The aftermath of the election saw the resignation of Yolanda Díaz as Sumar's leader over her alliance's disappointing results and in Vox leaving the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) to join Viktor Orbán's new Patriots for Europe grouping.

## Electoral system

[edit]

61 members of the European Parliament were allocated to Spain as per the Treaty of Lisbon and subsequent acts.[a][3][4] Voting was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals and resident non-national European citizens over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.[5][6] Amendments to the electoral law in 2022 abolished the "begged" or expat vote system (Spanish: voto rogado), under which Spaniards abroad were required to apply for voter registration before being permitted to vote.[7][8] The expat vote system was attributed responsibility for a major decrease in the turnout of Spaniards abroad during the years it had been in force.[9]

All seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with no electoral threshold being applied in order to be entitled to enter seat distribution. Seats were allocated to a single multi-member constituency comprising the entire national territory.[10] The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.[11]

## Outgoing delegation

[edit]

Main article: List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 2019–2024

Outgoing delegation in January 2025[12] Groups  | Parties  | MEPs

|
|

Seats  | Total
| Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats |  | PSOE | 21  | 21
| European People's Party |  | PP | 13  | 13
| Renew Europe |  | Cs | 7  | 9
| EAJ/PNV | 1
| INDEP | 1[c]
| The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL |  | Podemos | 4  | 6
| IU | 1
| Anticap. | 1[d]
| European Conservatives and Reformists |  | Vox | 4  | 4
| Greens–European Free Alliance |  | ERC | 2  | 3
| BNG | 1
| Non-Inscrits |  | Junts | 3  | 3

## Parties and candidates

[edit]

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call. In order to be entitled to run, parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least 15,000 registered electors; this requirement could be lifted and replaced through the signature of at least 50 elected officials—deputies, senators, MEPs or members from the legislative assemblies of autonomous communities or from local city councils. Electors and elected officials were disallowed from signing for more than one list of candidates.[15]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy  | Parties and
alliances  | Leading candidate  | Ideology  | Previous result  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|

Votes (%)  | Seats
| PSOE |

List

* Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
* Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)

|  | Teresa Ribera | Social democracy | 32.86%  | 21 | [16]
| PP |

List

* People's Party (PP)

|  | Dolors Montserrat | Conservatism
Christian democracy | 20.15%  | 13 | [17]
| Cs |

List

* Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)

|  | Jordi Cañas | Liberalism | 12.18%  | 8 | [18]
[19]
| Sumar |

List

* Unite Movement (SMR)
* United Left (IU)
– Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
– The Dawn. Marxist Organization OM (La Aurora (om))
– Ecosocialists of the Region of Murcia (ESRM)
– Initiative for El Hierro (IpH)
– Republican Left (IR)
* Greens Equo (VQ)
* More Madrid (MM)
* Catalonia in Common (CatComú)
– Barcelona in Common (BComú)
– Green Left (EV)
* Commitment Coalition (Compromís)
– Més–Compromís (Més)
– Valencian People's Initiative (IdPV)
* New Canaries–Canarian Bloc (NC–BC)
* Aragonese Union (CHA)
* Andalusian People's Initiative (IdPA)
* Castilian Party–Commoners' Land (PCAS–TC)

|  | Estrella Galán | Progressivism
Left-wing populism
Green politics | 11.39%[e] | 6 | [20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
| Podemos |

List

* We Can (Podemos)
* Green Alliance (AV)

|  | Irene Montero | Left-wing populism
Democratic socialism | [24]
[25]
[26]
| Vox |

List

* Vox (Vox)

|  | Jorge Buxadé | Right-wing populism
Ultranationalism
National conservatism | 6.21%  | 4 | [27]
| Ahora
Repúblicas |

List

* Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)
* Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)
– Create (Sortu)
– Basque Solidarity (EA)
– Alternative (Alternatiba)
* Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)
– Galician People's Union (UPG)
– Galician Movement for Socialism (MGS)
– Abrente–Galician Democratic Left (Abrente–EDG)
– Galician Workers' Front (FOGA)
* Now More (Ara Més)
– More for Mallorca (Més)
– More for Menorca (MxMe)
– Now Eivissa (Ara Eivissa)

|  | Diana Riba | Secessionism
Left-wing nationalism | 5.58%  | 3 | [28]
[29]
[30]
| Junts UE |

List

* Together for Catalonia (JxCat)
* Democrats of Catalonia (DC)
* Left Movement of Catalonia (MESCat)

|  | Toni Comín | Catalan independence
Populism | 4.54%[f] | 3 | [31]
[32]
| CEUS |

List

* Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
* Canarian Coalition (CCa)
* Yes to the Future (GBai)
–  Future Social Greens (GSB/GSV)
– Villava Group (ATALADEA)
* Proposal for the Isles (El Pi)

|  | Oihane Agirregoitia | Peripheral nationalism | 2.82%  | 1 | [33]
[34]
| SALF |

List

* The Party Is Over (Se Acabó La Fiesta)

|  | Alvise Pérez | Right-wing populism
Anti-establishment | New party  | [35]

## Campaign

[edit]

### Party slogans

[edit]

Party or alliance  | Original slogan  | English translation  | Ref.

|
|
|

| PSOE | « Más Europa »  | "More Europe"  | [36]
| PP | « Tu voto es la respuesta »  | "Your vote is the answer"  | [37]
| Cs | « Equipo España »  | "Team Spain"  | [38]
| Vox | « Nos van a oír »  | "They will hear us"  | [39]
| Sumar | « Marca el rumbo »  | "Set the course"  | [40]
| Podemos | « Así es la vida »  | "That is life"  | [41]
| Ahora Repúblicas

* ERC
* EH Bildu
* BNG
* Ara Més

| ERC: « Europa Republicana »
EH Bildu: « Nazioa gara. Orain Euskal Herria »
BNG: « A voz galega en Europa »
Ara Més: « La veu de les Illes a Europa »  | ERC: "Republican Europe"
EH Bildu: « We are a nation. Basque Country Now »
BNG: « The Galician voice in Europe »
Ara Més: « The voice of the Islands[g] in Europe »  | [42]
[43]
[44]
[45]
| Junts UE | « Per seguir guanyant a Europa »  | "To keep winning in Europe"  | [46]
| CEUS

* EAJ/PNV
* CCa
* GBai
* El Pi

| EAJ/PNV: « Indar Berria Europan. Tu voz importa »
CCa: « El poder de nuestro acento »
GBai: « Nafarroa Europan. Tu voz importa »
El Pi: « Que Europa es banyi »  | EAJ/PNV: "New force in Europe. Your voice matters"
CCa: "The power of our accent/language"[h]
GBai: "Navarre in Europe. Your voice matters"
El Pi: "Let Europe take a risk"  | [47]
[48]
[49]
[50]

### Election debates

[edit]

2024 European Parliament election debates in Spain  Date  | Organisers  | Moderator(s)  |  P Present[i] S Surrogate[j] NI Not invited A Absent invitee

|
|
|

PSOE | PP | Cs | Vox | Sumar | Podemos | AR | Junts | CEUS | Audience  | Refs
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
18 May  | La Nueva España[k] | Borja Ruisánchez  | S
Fernández | S
Solís | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | —  | [51]
22 May  | laSexta
(El Objetivo) | Ana Pastor | P
Ribera | P
Montserrat | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | 3.9%
(404,000)
27 May  | CRTVG[l] | Alberto Varela  | S
Casares | S
Mon | S
Nart | NI | S
Villoslada | NI | S
Miranda | NI | NI | —  | [52]
[53]
28 May  | EITB[m] | Odei Esnaola  | S
Lainez | S
Iturgaiz | NI | NI | S
Larrea | S
Echeveste | S
Barrena | NI | P
Agirregoitia |  | [54]
[55]
29 May  | El Comercio[k] | Eduardo Paneque  | S
Fernández | S
Solís | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | —  | [56]
3 June  | Prisa | Àngels Barceló
Carlos de Vega  | P
Ribera | P
Montserrat | P
Cañas | P
Buxadé | P
Galán | P
Montero | NI | NI | NI |  | [57]
[58]
3 June  | Cadena SER | Eva Domaika  | S
Mendia | S
Zarzalejos | NI | A | S
Larrea | S
Lapeña | S
Barrena | NI | P
Agirregoitia |  | [59]
4 June  | CCMA[n] | Xavi Coral  | S
López | S
Poptcheva | P
Cañas | S
Girauta | S
Asens | P
Montero | P
Riba | S
Sarri | NI |  | [60]
4 June  | EITB | Xabier Ormazabal  | S
Mendia | S
Zarzalejos | NI | NI | S
Larrea | S
Serra | S
Barrena | NI | P
Agirregoitia |  | [61]
4 June  | IB3[o] | Sílvia Pol
Martina Ramis  | S
Homs | S
Álvarez | S
Torres | S
de las Heras | S
Martínez | S
Pérez Díaz | S
Weber | S
Frau | S
Prunés |  | [62]
6 June  | RTVE | Xabier Fortes  | P
Ribera | P
Montserrat | P
Cañas | P
Buxadé | P
Galán | P
Montero | P
Riba | S
Sarri | P
Agirregoitia | 5.6%
(595,000) | [63]
[64]

## Opinion polls

[edit]

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

### Voting intention estimates

[edit]

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font.

Color key:

Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls

Polling firm/Commissioner  | Fieldwork date  | Sample size  | Turnout  |  |  |  |
|  | AR |
|  |  |  |  | SALF | Lead

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2024 EP election | 9 Jun 2024  | —  | 49.2  | 30.2
20 | 34.2
22 | 0.7
0 | 3.3
2 | 9.6
6 | 4.9
3 | 2.5
1 | 1.6
1 | [p] | 0.8
0 | 4.7
3 | 4.6
3 | 4.0
SocioMétrica/El Español[p 1] | 30 Apr–9 Jun 2024  | 4,612  | ?  | 28.7
19/20 | 34.5
23/25 | 1.0
0 | 4.2
2/3 | 10.5
6/7 | 4.2
2/3 | 2.3
1 | 1.4
0/1 | [p] | –  | 6.3
3/4 | 2.9
1/2 | 5.8
Sigma Dos/RTVE–FORTA[p 2] | 24 May–8 Jun 2024  | 12,000  | ?  | 30.2
20/22 | 32.4
21/23 | 1.0
0 | 4.4
2/3 | 10.4
6/7 | 4.3
2/3 | 2.1
1 | 1.6
1 | [p] | –  | 6.3
3/4 | 3.9
2/3 | 2.2
40dB/Prisa[p 3] | 6 Jun 2024  | 800  | ?  | 29.7
20 | 32.4
22 | ?
0 | 4.0
2/3 | 10.3
6/7 | 4.3
2/3 | 2.4
1 | 1.6
0/1 | [p] | –  | 6.0
3/4 | 3.1
1/2 | 2.7
Metroscopia[p 4] | 3–6 Jun 2024  | 2,000  | ?  | 30.1
20/21 | 32.6
22/23 | 0.4
0 | 4.9
3 | 10.1
6/7 | 4.5
3 | 2.0
1 | 1.8
1 | [p] | –  | 5.4
3/4 | 3.6
2 | 2.5
KeyData/Público[p 5] | 3 Jun 2024  | ?  | 51.5  | 30.0
20 | 33.9
23 | 1.0
0 | 3.7
2 | 9.9
6 | 4.4
3 | 2.4
1 | 1.7
1 | [p] | –  | 6.1
4 | 2.8
1 | 3.9
Data10/OKDiario[p 6] | 2–3 Jun 2024  | 1,500  | ?  | 30.2
20 | 34.4
23 | 1.0
0 | 3.9
2 | 10.3
7 | 4.4
3 | 2.5
1 | 1.6
1 | [p] | –  | 6.2
4 | –  | 4.2
ElectoPanel/Electomanía[p 7] | 1–3 Jun 2024  | 1,422  | ?  | 30.2
21 | 32.9
23 | 0.8
0 | 3.6
2 | 9.5
6 | 4.2
2 | 2.5
1 | 1.7
1 | [p] | 1.2
0 | 5.9
4 | 2.5
1 | 2.7
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 8] | 27 May–3 Jun 2024  | 3,535  | ?  | 30.3
20/21 | 33.2
22/23 | ?
0 | 4.1
2/3 | 10.5
6/7 | 4.3
2/3 | 1.9
1 | 1.4
0/1 | [p] | –  | 6.0
4 | 3.4
2 | 2.9
SocioMétrica/El Español[p 9] | 30 May–2 Jun 2024  | 630  | ?  | 29.3
20 | 34.1
23 | 0.9
0 | 3.7
2 | 10.1
7 | 3.8
2 | 2.8
1 | 1.6
1 | [p] | –  | 6.3
4 | 2.7
1 | 4.8
Cluster17/Agenda Pública[p 10] | 29–31 May 2024  | 2,060  | ?  | 29.5
20/21 | 33.8
22/23 | ?
0 | 3.5
2 | 10.3
6/7 | 4.5
3 | 2.6
1 | 1.7
1 | [p] | –  | 5.9
3/4 | 2.3
1 | 4.3
Target Point/El Debate[p 11] | 29–31 May 2024  | 1,003  | ?  | 31.0
20/21 | 33.5
22/23 | ?
0 | 3.9
2 | 8.9
5/6 | ?
3 | 2.4
1 | ?
1 | [p] | –  | 6.0
4 | 2.9
1/2 | 2.5
GESOP/Prensa Ibérica[p 12] | 27–31 May 2024  | 630  | ?  | 31.5
21/22 | 32.0
21/22 | 0.9
0 | 4.4
2/3 | 8.1
5/6 | 5.0
3 | 2.0
1 | 1.8
1 | [p] | –  | 5.8
3/4 | 3.7
1/2 | 0.5
NC Report/La Razón[p 13] | 27–31 May 2024  | 1,000  | 50.8  | 29.2
20 | 35.0
23/24 | ?
0 | 3.6
2 | 9.9
6/7 | 4.9
3 | 2.8
1 | 1.9
1 | [p] | –  | 6.4
4 | 2.2
1 | 5.8
ElectoPanel/Electomanía[p 14] | 25–31 May 2024  | 3,109  | ?  | 30.0
20 | 33.5
23 | 0.8
0 | 3.3
2 | 9.2
6 | 4.5
3 | 2.5
1 | 2.0
1 | [p] | 1.3
0 | 6.3
4 | 2.0
1 | 3.5
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 15] | 24–31 May 2024  | 3,948  | ?  | 29.7
19/21 | 32.7
21/23 | 0.8
0 | 4.0
2/3 | 11.0
6/7 | 3.8
2 | 1.9
1 | 1.3
0/1 | [p] | –  | 6.9
4/5 | 3.5
2 | 3.0
Hamalgama Métrica/VozPópuli[p 16] | 23–31 May 2024  | 1,000  | ?  | 29.6
20 | 35.1
23 | 0.9
0 | 3.5
2 | 10.2
6 | 4.5
3 | 2.5
1 | ?
1 | [p] | –  | 6.3
4 | 2.0
1 | 5.5
40dB/Prisa[p 17][p 18] | 28–30 May 2024  | 2,000  | ?  | 30.1
20/21 | 33.2
22/23 | 1.0
0 | 4.0
2/3 | 10.7
7 | 4.8
3 | 2.1
1 | 1.4
0/1 | [p] | –  | 5.6
3/4 | 2.5
1/2 | 3.1
GAD3/ABC[p 19] | 27–30 May 2024  | 1,005  | ?  | 29.8
20 | 34.9
23/24 | ?
0 | 3.5
2 | 9.7
6 | 4.8
3 | 2.4
1 | 1.9
1 | [p] | –  | 5.9
3/4 | 2.4
1 | 5.1
CIS[p 20][p 21] | 27–30 May 2024  | 7,491  | ?  | 31.6–33.2 | 28.3–
30.5  | 0.7–
1.2  | 3.6–
3.9  | 9.9–
11.0  | 3.7–
4.1  | 1.5–
1.6  | 1.0–
1.3  | [p] | –  | 5.4–
7.1  | 4.9–
5.7  | 2.7–
3.3
Metroscopia[p 22] | 28–29 May 2024  | 1,000  | 50  | 29.5
20/21 | 33.6
22/23 | 0.8
0 | 3.6
2 | 10.1
6/7 | 4.7
3/4 | 2.3
1 | 1.8
1 | [p] | –  | 5.9
3/4 | 3.1
2 | 4.1
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 23] | 23–29 May 2024  | 1,005  | ?  | 30.1
20 | 34.5
24 | 0.7
0 | 3.8
2 | 9.9
6 | 4.0
2 | 2.3
1 | 2.1
1 | [p] | –  | 6.4
4 | 2.6
1 | 4.4
DYM/Henneo[p 24] | 23–28 May 2024  | 1,004  | ?  | 30.8
20/21 | 34.4
23 | 1.3
0 | 3.3
2 | 10.4
6/7 | 4.2
2/3 | 2.4
1 | 1.2
1 | [p] | 1.5
0/1 | 5.9
4 | 2.8
1 | 3.6
Celeste-Tel/Onda Cero[p 25][p 26] | 23–28 May 2024  | 1,100  | 49.7  | 29.3
20 | 34.9
23 | 1.0
0 | 3.6
2 | 9.9
6 | 4.8
3 | 2.6
1 | 1.8
1 | [p] | 1.1
0 | 6.3
4 | 1.9
1 | 5.6
SocioMétrica/El Español[p 27] | 25–26 May 2024  | 503  | ?  | 29.4
20 | 34.8
24 | 1.4
0 | 3.3
2 | 10.7
7 | 4.5
2 | 2.7
1 | 1.4
0 | [p] | –  | 6.3
4 | 2.0
1 | 5.4
KeyData/Público[p 28] | 25 May 2024  | ?  | 54.0  | 28.7
19 | 35.8
24 | 1.0
0 | 3.1
2 | 10.6
7 | 4.6
3 | 2.3
1 | 1.5
0 | [p] | –  | 7.4
4 | 2.7
1 | 7.1
Data10/OKDiario[p 29] | 22–24 May 2024  | 1,500  | ?  | 29.6
20 | 35.4
24 | 0.9
0 | 2.9
1 | 10.4
7 | 4.7
3 | 2.5
1 | 1.7
1 | [p] | –  | 6.4
4 | –  | 5.8
GAD3/Mediaset[p 30] | 21–24 May 2024  | 1,002  | ?  | 31.4
21 | 34.5
23 | 0.7
0 | 3.0
2 | 9.3
6 | 4.5
3 | 2.4
1 | 1.5
1 | [p] | –  | 5.7
3 | 2.7
1 | 3.1
NC Report/La Razón[p 31] | 20–24 May 2024  | 1,000  | 54.3  | 27.9
19 | 36.1
24/25 | ?
0 | 3.0
2 | 9.0
6 | 5.2
3 | 2.9
1/2 | 2.2
1 | [p] | –  | 6.8
4 | 1.2
0 | 8.2
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 32] | 20–24 May 2024  | 2,137  | ?  | 30.2
19/20 | 35.1
24/25 | 0.8
0 | 3.6
2 | 9.7
6/7 | 3.6
2 | 2.4
1 | 1.3
0/1 | [p] | –  | 7.0
4/5 | 2.6
1/2 | 4.9
ElectoPanel/El Plural[p 33] | 18–24 May 2024  | 1,500  | ?  | 29.1
20 | 33.7
23 | 1.0
0 | 3.1
2 | 8.7
6 | 5.3
3 | 2.7
1 | 2.1
1 | [p] | 1.3
0 | 5.8
4 | 1.8
1 | 4.6
Cluster17/Agenda Pública[p 34] | 21–23 May 2024  | 1,640  | ?  | 28.7
19/20 | 34.1
23/24 | ?
0 | 3.4
2 | 9.6
6 | 4.5
3 | 2.6
1 | 1.9
1 | [p] | 1.3
0/1 | 6.7
4 | 2.2
1 | 5.4
SocioMétrica/El Español[p 35] | 17–19 May 2024  | 519  | ?  | 28.8
19 | 36.9
25 | 0.9
0 | 3.2
2 | 10.4
7 | 5.1
3 | 2.4
1 | 1.3
0 | [p] | –  | 7.0
4 | 0.8
0 | 8.1
NC Report/La Razón[p 36] | 13–17 May 2024  | 1,000  | 58.9  | 27.2
18/19 | 36.3
24/25 | ?
0 | 2.8
1/2 | 9.4
6 | 4.9
3 | 2.7
1 | 2.1
1 | [p] | –  | 7.7
5 | 1.4
0/1 | 9.1
ElectoPanel/El Plural[p 37] | 12–17 May 2024  | 1,250  | ?  | 28.6
20 | 34.3
25 | 0.9
0 | 2.5
1 | 7.7
5 | 5.4
3 | 4.0
2 | 2.4
1 | [p] | 1.3
0 | 5.9
4 | 1.1
0 | 5.7
CIS (Logoslab)[q][p 38] | 8–17 May 2024  | 6,434  | ?  | 30.5
20/21 | 33.0
21/22 | 1.5
0/1 | ?
2/3 | ?
7 | ?
2/3 | ?
1 | ?
1 | [p] | –  | ?
3/4 | ?
2 | 2.5
CIS[p 39][p 40] | ?  | 32.8–
35.2
21/24 | 27.9–
30.2
18/20 | 1.8–
2.6
1/2 | 4.4–
5.4
2/3 | 8.6–
10.1
5/6 | 3.9–
5.0
2/3 | 2.2–
3.0
1/2 | 1.1–
1.6
0/1 | [p] | –  | 5.9–
7.2
4 | 2.9–
3.8
1/2 | 4.9–
5.0
Cluster17/Agenda Pública[p 41] | 14–16 May 2024  | 1,511  | ?  | 26.4
17/18 | 35.4
24 | 1.2
0/1 | 3.4
2 | 8.8
6 | 5.6
3 | 2.6
1 | 2.0
1 | [p] | 1.4
0/1 | 6.6
4 | 3.8
2 | 9.0
40dB/Prisa[p 42][p 43] | 10–13 May 2024  | 2,000  | ?  | 30.1
20/21 | 33.5
22/23 | 1.1
0 | 4.0
2/3 | 12.6
8/9 | 4.6
3 | 2.2
1 | 1.9
1 | [p] | –  | 5.7
3/4 | –  | 3.4
Simple Lógica/elDiario.es[p 44][p 45] | 1–9 May 2024  | 1,131  | ?  | 29.9
20 | 36.4
24 | ?
0 | 2.0
1 | 10.9
7 | 4.8
3 | 2.2
1 | 1.1
0 | [p] | –  | 8.0
5 | –  | 6.5
SocioMétrica/El Español[p 46] | 30 Apr–4 May 2024  | 1,279  | ?  | 26.7
18 | 39.2
26 | 1.2
0 | 3.0
2 | 10.3
7 | 5.4
3 | 2.3
1 | 1.4
1 | [p] | –  | 6.4
4 | 0.3
0 | 12.5
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 47] | 24–30 Apr 2024  | 2,120  | ?  | 28.9
19 | 35.7
23 | 0.8
0 | 3.1
2 | 11.9
7 | 4.1
2 | 2.0
1 | 1.8
1 | [p] | –  | 9.5
6 | –  | 6.8
SocioMétrica/El Español[p 48] | 9–12 Apr 2024  | 2,550  | ?  | 26.3
17 | 38.1
25 | 1.7
1 | 2.4
1 | 10.9
7 | 6.1
4 | 2.6
1 | 1.8
1 | [p] | –  | 6.7
4 | –  | 11.8
GAD3/Mediaset[p 49] | 18–21 Mar 2024  | 1,017  | ?  | 26.5
18/19 | 37.8
25/26 | 0.3
0 | 3.5
2 | 9.2
6 | 4.4
3 | 2.7
1 | 2.4
1 | [p] | –  | 7.2
4 | –  | 11.3
SocioMétrica/El Español[p 50] | 5–9 Mar 2024  | 2,900  | ?  | 24.5
16 | 40.1
26 | 0.9
0 | 1.9
1 | 10.6
7 | 4.9
3 | 3.0
2 | 1.2
0 | [p] | –  | 9.3
6 | –  | 15.6
Ipsos/Euronews[p 51][p 52] | 23 Feb–5 Mar 2024  | 2,000  | ?  | 28.6
19 | 37.7
25 | ?
0 | 2.4
1 | 10.4
6 | 3.8
2 | 2.5
1 | 2.0
1 | [p] | –  | 9.7
6 | –  | 9.1
GAD3/ABC[p 53] | 26–29 Feb 2024  | 1,005  | ?  | 27.1
18 | 38.4
26 | ?
0 | 3.0
2 | 8.6
6 | 4.3
2 | 2.7
1 | 2.4
1 | [p] | –  | 7.3
5 | –  | 11.3
SocioMétrica/El Español[p 54] | 5–9 Feb 2024  | 2,900  | ?  | 28.1
18 | 38.3
25 | ?
0 | 1.0
0 | 11.7
7 | 3.2
2 | 3.4
2 | 1.5
1 | [p] | –  | 10.2
6 | –  | 10.2
NC Report/La Razón[p 55] | 12–18 Jan 2024  | 1,000  | 61.5  | 28.3
18 | 37.5
25 | 0.4
0 | 1.7
1 | 10.4
6 | 3.0
2 | 3.3
2 | 2.1
1 | [p] | –  | 9.1
6 | –  | 9.2
SocioMétrica/El Español[p 56] | 25–31 Dec 2023  | 2,309  | ?  | 28.5
19 | 37.1
24 | 1.1
0 | 3.3
2 | 11.0
7 | 3.2
2 | 4.4
2 | 1.3
0 | [p] | –  | 8.8
5 | –  | 8.6
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 57] | 15–26 Dec 2023  | 2,992  | ?  | 29.2
19 | 38.1
25 | 0.2
0 | 2.6
1 | 11.8
7 | 2.8
1 | 2.3
1 | 2.0
1 | [p] | –  | 10.1
6 | –  | 8.9
SocioMétrica/El Español[p 58] | 20–24 Nov 2023  | 2,109  | ?  | 29.2
19 | 36.8
25 | 1.1
0 | 2.0
1 | 10.2
6 | 4.2
2 | 5.1
3 | 1.3
0 | [p] | –  | 8.0
5 | –  | 7.6
2023 general election | 23 Jul 2023  | —  | 66.6  | 31.7
(20) | 33.1
(21) | –  | [p] | 12.4
(7) | 3.9
(2) | 1.7
(1) | 1.6
(1) | [p] | 0.7
(0) | 12.3
(7) | –  | 1.4
November 2019 general election | 10 Nov 2019  | —  | 66.2  | 28.0
(18) | 20.8
(13) | 6.8
(4) | 12.9
(8) | 15.1
(10) | 5.3
(3) | 2.2
(1) | 2.8
(1) | 2.4
(1) | 0.9
(0) | –  | –  | 7.2
2019 EP election | 26 May 2019  | —  | 60.7  | 32.9
21 | 20.2
13 | 12.2
8 | 10.1
6 | 6.2
4 | 5.6
3 | 4.5
3 | 2.8
1 | 1.3
0 | 1.3
0 | –  | –  | 12.7

### Voting preferences

[edit]

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Polling firm/Commissioner  | Fieldwork date  | Sample size  |  |  |  |
|  | AR |
|  |  |  | SALF | ? | N | Lead

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2024 EP election | 9 Jun 2024  | —  | 14.8  | 16.7 | 0.3  | 1.6  | 4.7  | 2.4  | 1.2  | 0.8  | [p] | 2.3  | 2.2  | —  | 50.8  | 1.9
GESOP/Prensa Ibérica[p 12] | 27–31 May 2024  | 630  | 24.3 | 21.6  | 0.7  | 3.2  | 4.5  | 2.8  | 1.4  | 1.0  | [p] | 3.5  | 2.8  | 18.8  | 10.6  | 2.7
40dB/Prisa[p 18] | 28–30 May 2024  | 2,000  | 24.8 | 19.8  | 1.6  | 4.6  | 10.9  | 3.7  | 2.3  | 1.2  | [p] | 4.7  | 1.9  | 11.6  | 6.9  | 5.0
CIS[p 20] | 27–30 May 2024  | 7,491  | 25.0 | 20.8  | 0.4  | 3.0  | 8.2  | 3.0  | 1.0  | 0.8  | [p] | 4.2  | 4.2  | 23.5  | 3.1  | 4.2
DYM/Henneo[p 59] | 23–28 May 2024  | 1,004  | 25.3  | 26.9 | 1.4  | 2.1  | 8.9  | 2.1  | 1.9  | 0.3  | [p] | 2.1  | 3.3  | 13.6  | 4.9  | 1.6
CIS[p 39] | 8–17 May 2024  | 6,434  | 27.3 | 22.8  | 1.4  | 3.8  | 9.2  | 3.6  | 1.8  | 0.9  | [p] | 5.2  | 3.2  | 16.3  | 2.0  | 4.5
40dB/Prisa[p 43] | 10–13 May 2024  | 2,000  | 23.6 | 21.2  | 1.9  | 4.2  | 11.5  | 3.2  | 1.9  | 1.5  | [p] | 4.1  | –  | 12.9  | 8.1  | 2.4
Simple Lógica/elDiario.es[p 44] | 1–9 May 2024  | 1,131  | 16.7 | 16.7 | –  | 0.8  | 4.1  | 2.8  | 1.5  | 0.3  | [p] | 4.2  | –  | –  | –  | Tie
CIS[p 60] | 9–13 Apr 2024  | 3,750  | 19.3 | 19.2  | –  | 2.3  | 4.7  | 2.2  | 0.9  | 0.7  | [p] | 2.9  | 0.9  | 37.8  | 4.7  | 0.1
CIS[p 61] | 1–4 Apr 2024  | 4,032  | 22.4  | 23.4 | 0.7  | 2.3  | 7.2  | 2.4  | 1.0  | 0.5  | [p] | 5.3  | –  | 25.0  | 3.5  | 1.0
2019 EP election | 26 May 2019  | —  | 20.9 | 12.8  | 7.8  | 6.4  | 4.0  | 3.6  | 2.9  | 1.8  | 0.8  | –  | –  | —  | 35.8  | 8.1

### Victory preferences

[edit]

The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of a European Parliament election taking place.

Polling firm/Commissioner  | Fieldwork date  | Sample size  |  |  |  |  |  | AR |  |  | SALF | Other/
None  | ? | Lead

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CIS[p 20] | 27–30 May 2024  | 7,491  | 31.9 | 24.7  | 0.6  | 2.7  | 8.6  | 1.4  | 0.9  | 4.1  | 3.7  | 6.2  | 15.3  | 7.2
CIS[p 39] | 8–17 May 2024  | 6,434  | 32.4 | 25.4  | 1.6  | 4.1  | 10.0  | 2.4  | 1.5  | 5.0  | –  | 7.6  | 10.1  | 7.0

### Victory likelihood

[edit]

The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a European Parliament election taking place.

Polling firm/Commissioner  | Fieldwork date  | Sample size  |  |  |  | Other/
None  | ? | Lead

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|  |
CIS[p 39] | 8–17 May 2024  | 6,434  | 34.5  | 40.4 | 0.6  | 1.4  | 23.0  | 5.9

### Preferred candidate

[edit]

The table below lists opinion polling on candidate preferences.

Polling firm/Commissioner  | Fieldwork date  | Sample size  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other/
None/
Not
care  | ? | Lead

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|  |  |  |  |
Ribera
PSOE | Monts.
PP | Cañas
Cs | Montero
Podemos | Buxadé
Vox | Galán
Sumar
40dB/Prisa[p 18] | 28–30 May 2024  | 2,000  | 23.5 | 18.2  | 1.7  | 8.9  | 11.3  | 3.8  | 26.9  | 5.6  | 5.3
CIS[p 39] | 8–17 May 2024  | 6,434  | 23.8 | 20.0  | 1.0  | 3.2  | 8.4  | 3.8  | 13.6  | 26.3  | 3.8

## Voter turnout

[edit]

The table below shows registered vote turnout on election day without including voters from the Census of Absent-Residents (CERA).

Region  | Time

|

14:00  | 18:00  | 20:00
2019  | 2024  | +/–  | 2019  | 2024  | +/–  | 2019  | 2024  | +/–
Andalusia | 32.98%  | 26.04% | –6.94  | 45.18%  | 35.10% | –10.08  | 60.61%  | 45.29% | –15.32
Aragon | 36.75%  | 29.96% | –6.79  | 51.27%  | 40.45% | –10.82  | 67.31%  | 52.86% | –14.45
Asturias | 32.20%  | 27.95% | –4.25  | 47.26%  | 40.73% | –6.53  | 61.15%  | 50.91% | –10.24
Balearic Islands | 29.26%  | 22.80% | –6.46  | 42.04%  | 30.20% | –11.84  | 53.62%  | 39.08% | –14.54
Basque Country | 36.88%  | 29.31% | –7.57  | 52.37%  | 40.59% | –11.78  | 65.40%  | 50.89% | –14.51
Canary Islands | 24.61%  | 18.88% | –5.73  | 40.03%  | 29.45% | –10.58  | 56.00%  | 40.70% | –15.30
Cantabria | 37.29%  | 31.42% | –5.87  | 55.08%  | 44.80% | –10.28  | 67.93%  | 54.90% | –13.03
Castile and León | 36.08%  | 30.46% | –5.62  | 52.51%  | 42.85% | –9.66  | 69.33%  | 55.46% | –13.87
Castilla–La Mancha | 37.29%  | 29.38% | –7.91  | 52.78%  | 39.86% | –12.92  | 69.99%  | 51.36% | –18.63
Catalonia | 35.38%  | 24.75% | –10.63  | 50.58%  | 33.69% | –16.89  | 64.23%  | 43.53% | –20.70
Extremadura | 39.12%  | 28.12% | –11.00  | 52.46%  | 36.81% | –15.65  | 70.07%  | 48.31% | –21.76
Galicia | 32.92%  | 26.47% | –6.45  | 50.21%  | 39.02% | –11.19  | 65.34%  | 50.50% | –14.84
La Rioja | 38.36%  | 31.32% | –7.04  | 53.48%  | 40.54% | –12.94  | 68.85%  | 52.52% | –16.33
Madrid | 35.13%  | 31.98% | –3.15  | 51.51%  | 44.66% | –6.85  | 67.26%  | 56.31% | –10.95
Murcia | 35.40%  | 28.97% | –6.43  | 48.39%  | 37.05% | –11.34  | 62.56%  | 48.25% | –14.31
Navarre | 39.04%  | 30.76% | –8.28  | 55.41%  | 41.30% | –14.11  | 70.40%  | 52.76% | –17.64
Valencian Community | 38.47%  | 33.14% | –5.33  | 51.48%  | 42.63% | –8.85  | 64.33%  | 53.69% | –10.64
Ceuta | 24.51%  | 16.77% | –7.74  | 40.65%  | 24.45% | –16.20  | 55.22%  | 32.58% | –22.64
Melilla | 25.02%  | 16.15% | –8.87  | 41.88%  | 23.96% | –17.92  | 59.73%  | 33.16% | –26.57
Total | 34.75% | 27.99% | –6.76  | 49.45% | 38.35% | –11.10  | 64.30% | 49.21% | –15.18
Sources[65]

## Results

[edit]

### Overall

[edit]

For results by autonomous community/constituency, see Results breakdown of the 2024 European Parliament election in Spain.

← Summary of the 9 June 2024 European Parliament election results in Spain →

Parties and alliances  | Popular vote  | Seats
Votes  | %  | ±pp | Total  | +/−
| People's Party (PP)  | 5,996,627 | 34.21 | +14.06  | 22 | +9
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)  | 5,290,945 | 30.19 | –2.67  | 20 | –1
| Vox (Vox)  | 1,688,255 | 9.63 | +3.42  | 6 | +2
| Republics Now (ERC–EH Bildu–BNG–Ara Més)  | 860,660 | 4.91 | –0.67  | 3 | ±0
| Unite (Sumar)1 | 818,015 | 4.67 | n/a | 3 | ±0
| The Party Is Over (Se Acabó La Fiesta)  | 803,545 | 4.58 | New | 3 | +3
| We Can (Podemos)1 | 578,007 | 3.30 | n/a | 2 | –1
| Together and Free for Europe (Junts UE)2 | 442,297 | 2.52 | –2.02  | 1 | –2
| Coalition for a Solidary Europe (CEUS)  | 284,888 | 1.63 | –1.19  | 1 | ±0
| Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)3 | 135,691 | 0.77 | –0.55  | 0 | ±0
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)  | 122,292 | 0.70 | –11.48  | 0 | –8
| Workers' Front (FO)  | 66,039 | 0.38 | New | 0 | ±0
| The Forgotten Spain Exists–Municipalists–Fair World (Existe)4 | 40,292 | 0.23 | +0.06  | 0 | ±0
| Spanish Left (IzqEsp)  | 32,766 | 0.19 | New | 0 | ±0
| Feminists to the Congress (PFAC)  | 29,236 | 0.17 | New | 0 | ±0
| European Justice (IE)  | 26,611 | 0.15 | New | 0 | ±0
| Andalusia Now (Andalucistas)5 | 22,965 | 0.13 | +0.02  | 0 | ±0
| Volt Spain (Volt)  | 22,020 | 0.13 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Blank Seats to Leave Empty Seats (EB)  | 19,586 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0
| Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)  | 15,281 | 0.09 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Pirates–Rebel Alliance–European Pirates (Pirates/Rebeldes)  | 14,484 | 0.08 | +0.01  | 0 | ±0
| PCPE–PCPC Coalition (PCPE–PCPC)6 | 11,177 | 0.06 | –0.07  | 0 | ±0
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)7 | 9,677 | 0.06 | +0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Spanish Food Sovereignty (SAE)  | 9,311 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0
| Believe in Europe (Cree en Europa)8 | 9,276 | 0.05 | –0.01  | 0 | ±0
| Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)  | 7,618 | 0.04 | –0.18  | 0 | ±0
| Humanist Party (PH)  | 6,550 | 0.04 | ±0.00  | 0 | ±0
| Country and Rural Movement (PMR)  | 6,541 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0
| Salamanca–Zamora–León PREPAL (PREPAL)  | 6,456 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0
| Galician Party (GLG)  | 5,719 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0
| Future (F)  | 5,671 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0
| Together for Extremadura (JUEX)  | 5,611 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0
| Workers' Revolutionary Current (CRT)  | 5,165 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0
| Extremadurans (PREx–CREx)  | 3,509 | 0.02 | –0.03  | 0 | ±0
Blank ballots  | 124,655 | 0.71 | –0.26  |
Total  | 17,527,438 |  | 61 | +2
Valid votes  | 17,527,438 | 99.29 | +0.15  |
Invalid votes  | 124,569 | 0.71 | –0.15
Votes cast / turnout  | 17,652,007 | 46.39 | –14.34
Abstentions  | 20,398,279 | 53.61 | +14.34
Registered voters  | 38,050,286 |
Sources[66]

Footnotes:

* 1 Within the United We Can Change Europe and Commitment to Europe alliances in the 2019 election.
* 2 Together and Free for Europe results are compared to Free for Europe totals in the 2019 election.
* 3 Animalist Party with the Environment results are compared to Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals totals in the 2019 election.
* 4 The Forgotten Spain Exists–Municipalists–Fair World results are to the combined totals of For a Fairer World and Centrists for Europe in the 2019 election.
* 5 Andalusia Now results are compared to Andalusia by Herself totals in the 2019 election.
* 6 PCPE–PCPC Coalition results are compared to Communists totals in the 2019 election.
* 7 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO results are compared to FE de las JONS–Spanish Alternative–La Falange–National Democracy totals in the 2019 election.
* 8 Believe in Europe results are compared to With You, We Are Democracy totals in the 2019 election.

| Popular vote

|  |
PP |

| 34.21%
PSOE |

| 30.19%
Vox |

| 9.63%
Ahora Repúblicas |

| 4.91%
Sumar |

| 4.67%
SALF |

| 4.58%
Podemos |

| 3.30%
Junts UE |

| 2.52%
CEUS |

| 1.63%
Others |

| 3.65%
Blank ballots |

| 0.71%

| Seats

|  |
PP |

| 36.07%
PSOE |

| 32.79%
Vox |

| 9.84%
Ahora Repúblicas |

| 4.92%
Sumar |

| 4.92%
SALF |

| 4.92%
Podemos |

| 3.28%
Junts UE |

| 1.64%
CEUS |

| 1.64%

### Maps

[edit]

* Winner strength by constituency.

* Winner strength by autonomous community.

### Distribution by European group

[edit]

Summary of political group distribution in the 10th European Parliament (2024–2029)[67] Groups  | Parties  | Seats  | Total  | %

|
|
|
|

| European People's Party (EPP)  |

* People's Party (PP)

| 22  | 22 | 36.07
| Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)  |

* Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)

| 20  | 20 | 32.79
| Patriots for Europe (PfE)  |

* Vox (Vox)

| 6  | 6 | 9.84
| Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA)  |

* Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)
* Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)
* Catalonia in Common (CatComú)
* Més–Compromís (Més)

| 1

1  | 4 | 6.56
| The Left in the European Parliament–GUE/NGL (The Left)  |

* We Can (Podemos)
* Unite Movement (SMR)
* Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)

| 2

1  | 4 | 6.56
| Renew Europe (RE)  |

* Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)

| 1  | 1 | 1.61
| Non-Inscrits (NI)  |

* The Party Is Over (Se Acabó La Fiesta)
* Together for Catalonia (Junts)

| 3
1  | 4 | 6.56
Total  | 61  | 61  | 100.00

### Elected legislators

[edit]

The following table lists the elected legislators:

Elected legislators

#  | Name  | List
1 | Dolors Montserrat Montserrat |  | PP
2 | Teresa Ribera Rodríguez |  | PSOE
3 | María del Carmen Crespo Díaz |  | PP
4 | Iratxe García Pérez |  | PSOE
5 | Alma Lucía Ezcurra Almansa |  | PP
6 | Javi López Fernández |  | PSOE
7 | Jorge Buxadé Villalba |  | Vox
8 | Esteban González Pons |  | PP
9 | Hana Jalloul Muro |  | PSOE
10 | Fernando Francisco Navarrete Rojas |  | PP
11 | Javier Moreno Sánchez |  | PSOE
12 | Francisco Javier Zarzalejos Nieto |  | PP
13 | Lina Gálvez Muñoz |  | PSOE
14 | Diana Riba i Giner |  | Ahora Repúblicas
15 | María Rosa Estarás Ferragut |  | PP
16 | Hermann Leopold Tertsch del Valle-Lersundi |  | Vox
17 | Estrella Galán Pérez |  | Sumar
18 | Luis Pérez Fernández |  | SALF
19 | Jonás Fernández Álvarez |  | PSOE
20 | Francisco José Ricardo Millán Mon |  | PP
21 | Pilar del Castillo Vera |  | PP
22 | Leire Pajín Iraola |  | PSOE
23 | Adrián Vázquez Lázara |  | PP
24 | César Luena López |  | PSOE
25 | Irene Montero Gil |  | Podemos
26 | Juan Carlos Girauta Vidal |  | Vox
27 | Gabriel Mato Adrover |  | PP
28 | Idoia Mendia Cueva |  | PSOE
29 | Raúl de la Hoz Quintano |  | PP
30 | Nicolás González Casares |  | PSOE
31 | María Esther Herranz García |  | PP
32 | Antoni Comín i Oliveres |  | Junts UE
33 | Cristina Maestre Martín de Almagro |  | PSOE
34 | Pernando Barrena Arza |  | Ahora Repúblicas
35 | Juan Ignacio Zoido Álvarez |  | PP
36 | Mireia Borrás Pabón |  | Vox
37 | Jaume Asens Llodrà [ca; es] |  | Sumar
38 | Juan Fernando López Aguilar |  | PSOE
39 | Diego Solier Fernández |  | SALF
40 | Susana Solís Pérez |  | PP
41 | Sandra Gómez López |  | PSOE
42 | Pablo Arias Echeverría |  | PP
43 | Antonio Javier López-Istúriz White |  | PP
44 | Ignacio Sánchez Amor |  | PSOE
45 | Margarita de la Pisa Carrión |  | Vox
46 | Isabel Benjumea Benjumea |  | PP
47 | Laura Ballarín Cereza |  | PSOE
48 | Francisco de Borja Giménez Larraz |  | PP
49 | Marcos Ros Sempere |  | PSOE
50 | María Elena Nevado del Campo |  | PP
51 | Rosa María Serrano Sierra |  | PSOE
52 | Isabel Serra Sánchez |  | Podemos
53 | Ana Miranda Paz |  | Ahora Repúblicas
54 | Nicolás Pascual de la Parte |  | PP
55 | Oihane Agirregoitia Martinez |  | CEUS
56 | Jorge Martín Frías |  | Vox
57 | Elena Sancho Murillo |  | PSOE
58 | Maravillas Inmaculada Abadía Jover |  | PP
59 | Vicent Marzà Ibáñez |  | Sumar
60 | Nora Junco García |  | SALF
61 | José Carmelo Cepeda García de León |  | PSOE

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Note that while the Treaty of Lisbon initially allocated 54 seats to Spain, it was awarded five additional seats as a result of Brexit, and a further two following a European Council Decision in 2023 increasing the size of the European Parliament to 720 seats.[1][2]
2. ^ Within the Podemos–IU and CpE alliances in the 2019 election.
3. ^ Javier Nart, former Cs MEP.[13]
4. ^ Miguel Urbán, former Podemos MEP.[14]
5. ^ Results for Podemos–IU (10.07%, 6 seats) and CpE (1.32%, 0 seats) in the 2019 election.
6. ^ Results for Junts in the 2019 election.
7. ^ Catalan les Illes specifically refers to the Balearic Islands in this context.
8. ^ Spanish acento has double meaning, referring to both the Canarian spoken language and to put emphasis in something.
9. ^ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
10. ^ Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
11. ^ a b Asturias-specific debate.
12. ^ Galician-spoken debate.
13. ^ Basque-spoken debate.
14. ^ Catalan-spoken debate.
15. ^ Catalan-spoken Balearic Islands-specific debate.
16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl Within Sumar.
17. ^ Alternative projection based on raw CIS data.

## References

[edit]

Opinion poll sources

1. ^ "El PP habría ganado con claridad las europeas pero el PSOE retendría un alto nivel de apoyo". El Español (in Spanish). 9 June 2023.
2. ^ "Sondeo elecciones europeas en España: el PP ganaría al PSOE por casi dos puntos y podrían empatar en escaños". RTVE (in Spanish). 9 June 2023.
3. ^ "[E] ESPAÑA. Encuesta 40dB. 09/06/2024: PP 32,4% (22), PSOE 29,7% (20), VOX 10,3% (6/7), SUMAR 6,0% (3/4)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 9 June 2024.
4. ^ "[E] ESPAÑA. Encuesta Metroscopia. 09/06/2024: PP 32,6% (22/23), PSOE 30,1% (20/21), VOX 10,1% (6/7), SUMAR 5,4% (3/4)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 9 June 2024.
5. ^ "El PSOE remonta en campaña y recorta distancias con el PP, según las encuestas". Público (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
6. ^ "El PP ganará las europeas, pero reduce su ventaja sobre el PSOE al perder un escaño en favor de Vox". OKDiario (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
7. ^ "ElectoPanel Europeo (3J – Final): PP y PSOE, cerca". El Debate (in Spanish). 2 June 2024.
8. ^ "El tracking final del 9-J: el PP mantiene tres puntos de ventaja sobre un PSOE que aprovecha el hundimiento de Sumar". El Mundo (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
9. ^ "Sprint final en las europeas: el PP ganaría hoy pero el PSOE acecha a menos de 5 puntos". El Español (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
10. ^ "Encuesta: el PSOE se aproxima al PP, mientras Vox sigue creciendo en la recta final de la campaña". Agenda Pública (in Spanish). 2 June 2024.
11. ^ "El PP reduce su ventaja a 2,5 puntos y el PSOE crece, inmune al caso Begoña y a la amnistía". El Debate (in Spanish). 2 June 2024.
12. ^ a b "Elecciones europeas: el PSOE logra empatar con el PP en la recta final de la campaña". El Periódico de España (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
13. ^ "El PP supera en seis puntos al PSOE y gana más de diez parlamentarios". La Razón (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
14. ^ "ElectoPanel EUROPEO (2J): PP y PSOE rozan el empate técnico". Electomanía (in Spanish). 2 June 2024.
15. ^ "La polarización de Sánchez da alas a los extremos: Vox crece a costa del PP y el PSOE recorta". El Mundo (in Spanish). 1 June 2024.
16. ^ "El PP triunfaría en las elecciones europeas con diez escaños más y tres de ventaja sobre el PSOE". VozPópuli (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
17. ^ "El PP mantiene tres puntos de ventaja sobre el PSOE en la recta final de la campaña". El País (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
18. ^ a b c "La UE y las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo. Ola 2. Junio 2024" (PDF). 40dB (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
19. ^ "El PP ganará las elecciones europeas el 9J con cinco puntos y cuatro escaños más que el PSOE". ABC (in Spanish). 2 June 2024.
20. ^ a b c "Campaña de las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo 2024 (Estudio nº 3460. Mayo 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
21. ^ "Estimación de voto (Estudio nº 3460. Campaña de las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
22. ^ "El PSOE se acerca al PP en las europeas, Vox, tercera fuerza y Alvise lograría dos escaños". The Objective (in Spanish). 31 May 2024.
23. ^ "El PP ganará las elecciones europeas con 4,4 puntos de ventaja sobre el PSOE". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 2 June 2024.
24. ^ "Encuesta DYM. El PP duplica escaños y ganaría el 9J, mientras el PSOE resiste y Sumar y Podemos pugnan por su espacio". 20 minutos (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
25. ^ "El PP, claro vencedor de las europeas, según Celeste-Tel". Onda Cero (in Spanish). 31 May 2024.
26. ^ "[E] ESPAÑA. Encuesta Celeste-Tel 31/05/2024: PP 34,9% (23), PSOE 29,3% (20), VOX 9,9% (6), SUMAR 6,3% (4)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 31 May 2024.
27. ^ "El PP ganaría hoy las europeas por 5,4 puntos pero el PSOE recorta otros 3 esta semana". El Español (in Spanish). 27 May 2024.
28. ^ "El PP arranca la campaña de las europeas con una ventaja de cinco eurodiputados sobre el PSOE, según las encuestas". Público (in Spanish). 25 May 2024.
29. ^ "El PP ganará las europeas con 4 diputados más que el PSOE, Vox sube e Irene Montero tendrá escaño". OKDiario (in Spanish). 26 May 2024.
30. ^ "Barómetro Mediaset. Voto estimado al Parlamento Europeo". GAD3 (in Spanish). 28 May 2024.
31. ^ "Sánchez resiste a sus últimas crisis y Feijóo mantiene su victoria el 9J". La Razón (in Spanish). 27 May 2024.
32. ^ "El PP triunfará en las elecciones europeas con dos millones de votos de PSOE y Ciudadanos". El Mundo (in Spanish). 26 May 2024.
33. ^ "Encuesta Elecciones europeas: El PP experimenta una caída frente a la subida del PSOE y las opciones de extrema derecha". El Plural (in Spanish). 26 May 2024.
34. ^ "PSOE y Vox aprovechan los primeros días de campaña ante unas elecciones consideradas por los españoles más decisivas que las anteriores". Agenda Pública (in Spanish). 27 May 2024.
35. ^ "El PP ganaría por 8 puntos las europeas pero el PSOE le recorta más de 4 tras las catalanas". El Español (in Spanish). 20 May 2024.
36. ^ "El PP ganaría las elecciones europeas con holgura y arrancaría casi 700.000 votos al PSOE". La Razón (in Spanish). 20 May 2024.
37. ^ "Encuesta Elecciones europeas: Resultados muy ajustados entre bloques". El Plural (in Spanish). 19 May 2024.
38. ^ "Más allá de los cálculos de Tezanos: nueve preguntas y algunas respuestas sobre qué pasará el 9J". infoLibre (in Spanish). 24 May 2024.
39. ^ a b c d e "Preelectoral elecciones al Parlamento Europeo 2024 (Estudio nº 3458. Mayo 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 23 May 2024.
40. ^ "Estimación de voto (Estudio nº 3458. Preelectoral elecciones al Parlamento Europeo 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 23 May 2024.
41. ^ "El Partido Popular ganaría las elecciones europeas con una delegación española más derechizada". Agenda Pública (in Spanish). 17 May 2024.
42. ^ "El PP redobla su presencia en Europa, el PSOE aguanta y Vox se dispara". El País (in Spanish). 20 May 2024.
43. ^ a b "La UE y las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo. Mayo 2024" (PDF). 40dB (in Spanish). 20 May 2024.
44. ^ a b "El PP afronta las europeas con seis puntos de ventaja sobre el PSOE y Vox supera a Sumar". elDiario.es (in Spanish). 21 May 2024.
45. ^ "[E] ESPAÑA. Encuesta Simple Lógica 21/05/2024: PP 36,4% (24), PSOE 29,9% (20), VOX 10,9% (7), 8,0% (5)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 21 May 2024.
46. ^ "El PP aventaja al PSOE en 12,5 puntos en europeas y se acerca a la mayoría absoluta en unas generales". El Español (in Spanish). 6 May 2024.
47. ^ "Feijóo se despega ya siete puntos de Sánchez y el PP doblaría su representación en Europa". El Mundo (in Spanish). 4 May 2024.
48. ^ "El PP superaría al PSOE en 12 puntos en las europeas y en unas generales, con Sumar en acusada caída". El Español (in Spanish). 14 April 2024.
49. ^ "Barómetro Mediaset. Elecciones generales y europeas". GAD3 (in Spanish). 26 March 2024.
50. ^ "Koldo y amnistía hunden al PSOE: el PP ganaría hoy las europeas por 15 puntos y las generales por casi 12". El Español (in Spanish). 10 March 2024.
51. ^ "El PP duplicará diputados en la Eurocámara, el PSOE cae 4 puntos y pierden los independentistas". El Español (in Spanish). 19 March 2024.
52. ^ "Européennes: vers une progression de la droite radicale au Parlement européen?". Ipsos (in French). 19 March 2024.
53. ^ "El PP ganaría las elecciones europeas con una ventaja aún mayor sobre el PSOE que el 23J". ABC (in Spanish). 4 March 2024.
54. ^ "El PP incrementa hasta más de 10 puntos su ventaja sobre el PSOE ante las elecciones europeas". El Español (in Spanish). 11 February 2024.
55. ^ "El PP ganaría las elecciones europeas con holgura y arrancaría casi 700.000 votos al PSOE". La Razón (in Spanish). 27 January 2024.
56. ^ "El PP ganaría las europeas con casi 9 puntos sobre el PSOE y Podemos lograría dos escaños". El Español (in Spanish). 7 January 2024.
57. ^ "El PP ganaría por nueve puntos al PSOE, dobla su representación e Irene Montero conseguiría un escaño para Podemos en las europeas". El Mundo (in Spanish). 2 January 2024.
58. ^ "El PP ganaría al PSOE por 7,6 puntos y cinco escaños si las elecciones europeas se celebrasen hoy". El Español (in Spanish). 27 November 2023.
59. ^ "PP y Vox doblan el número de escaños y el PSOE y sus socios quedan en minoría". Diario de León (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
60. ^ "Opiniones y actitudes ante la Unión Europea (Estudio nº 3452. Abril 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 23 April 2024.
61. ^ "Barómetro de abril 2024 (Estudio nº 3450. Abril 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 11 April 2024.

Other

1. ^ "Real Decreto 206/2019, de 1 de abril, por el que se convocan elecciones de Diputados al Parlamento Europeo" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (79): 33948–33950\. 2 April 2019. ISSN 0212-033X. Retrieved 11 November 2023.33948-33950&rft.date=2019-04-02&rft.issn=0212-033X&rft_id=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2019/04/02/pdfs/BOE-A-2019-4820.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:2024+European+Parliament+election+in+Spain" class="Z3988">
2. ^ "The European Council establishes the composition of the European Parliament". European Council. 22 September 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
3. ^ Lisbon (2007), art.1, introducing art. 9A of the Treaty on European Union.
4. ^ EUCO Dec. 2023/2061 (2023), art. 3.
5. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. VI, ch. I, art. 210.
6. ^ Lisbon (2007), art. 2, amending art. 17 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union).
7. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75.
8. ^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
9. ^ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
10. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. VI, ch. IV, art. 214–216.
11. ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
12. ^ "MEPs European Parliament - Advanced search". European Parliament. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
13. ^ García de Blas, Elsa (5 September 2019). "El eurodiputado Javier Nart abandona Ciudadanos aunque mantiene su acta". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
14. ^ "Miguel Urbán abandona Podemos pero mantiene su acta como eurodiputado". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 13 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
15. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. VI, ch. VI, art. 220.
16. ^ "El PSOE propone a Teresa Ribera para encabezar la candidatura a las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo" (in Spanish). Madrid: Cadena SER. 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
17. ^ Ramos, Ana Belén (3 May 2024). "Feijóo ratifica a Dolors Montserrat como cabeza de lista del PP en las elecciones europeas". El Confidencial (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 May 2024.
18. ^ "Ciudadanos se presentará a las próximas elecciones europeas y a las catalanas". El Confidencial (in Spanish). EFE. 21 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
19. ^ "Ciudadanos elige al eurodiputado Jordi Cañas como cabeza de lista a los comicios europeos". El Periódico (in Spanish). Barcelona. EFE. 22 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
20. ^ "Sumar elige a Estrella Galán, directora general de CEAR, como su candidata a las elecciones europeas" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 19 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
21. ^ Ortiz, Alberto; Martínez, Laura (11 April 2024). "Compromís irá con Sumar a las elecciones europeas y tendrá el tercer puesto en la lista". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 April 2024.
22. ^ "Sumar registra hoy la coalición a las europeas tras los últimos pactos, sin concretar la lista completa". Valencia Plaza (in Spanish). 26 April 2024. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
23. ^ Jiménez, Jennifer (26 April 2024). "Nueva Canarias concurrirá a las elecciones europeas con la coalición de Sumar". Canarias Ahora (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 April 2024.
24. ^ Belver, Marta (5 November 2023). "Podemos sienta las bases para concurrir en solitario a las elecciones europeas". El Mundo (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
25. ^ "Pablo Iglesias da por hecha la ruptura entre Sumar y Podemos" (in Spanish). COPE. EFE. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
26. ^ Cabanillas, Ana (2 February 2024). "Podemos unge a Irene Montero candidata a las europeas con el 85% de los votos y se hace con el control total de sus federaciones". El Periódico de España (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
27. ^ "Vox confirma a Ignacio Garriga como candidato a presidir la Generalitat catalana". ABC (in Spanish). EFE. 24 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
28. ^ "ERC elige a Diana Riba como cabeza de lista a las europeas". elDiario.es (in Spanish). 6 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
29. ^ D. Prieto, Alberto (11 February 2024). "La alianza con Sánchez refuerza sus lazos: ERC, Bildu y BNG irán juntos a las europeas y sin Podemos". El Español (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 March 2024.
30. ^ "ERC, EH Bildu, BNG i Ara Més signen l'acord de coalició per a les europees per "treballar per les nacions i aconseguir un Estat propi"". Diari de Balears (in Catalan). 28 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
31. ^ "Carles Puigdemont anuncia que será el candidato de Junts a las elecciones catalanas" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
32. ^ "Toni Comín será el candidato de Junts a las elecciones europeas del 9 de junio". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Agencias. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
33. ^ Rioja Andueza, Iñaki (27 January 2024). "Oihane Agirregoitia, candidata del PNV para salvar el escaño en Europa previsiblemente sin Junts". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Vitoria. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
34. ^ Rioja Andueza, Iñaki (9 March 2024). "CC aprueba acudir a las Elecciones Europeas en alianza electoral con el PNV para que Canarias "tenga voz" en la UE" (in Spanish). Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Europa Press. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
35. ^ Garrido, José María; Abascal, Luis (22 February 2024). "La ultraderecha se rompe en España: Alvise Pérez, apoyado por asesores de Milei, competirá en las europeas contra Vox". El Plural (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 May 2024.
36. ^ "PSOE y PP activan la maquinaria electoral para las europeas con discursos centrados en "el trabajo común"" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. Agencias. 19 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
37. ^ "El PP elige 'Tu voto es la respuesta' como lema de las europeas para contestar a Sánchez: "Es ahora o nunca"" (in Spanish). Madrid: Europa Press. 17 May 2024. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
38. ^ "Cañas presenta el lema 'Equipo España' para las elecciones europeas y asegura que CS será "la sorpresa electoral"". Infobae (in Spanish). 21 May 2024. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
39. ^ "'Nos van a oír', lema de Vox para las elecciones europeas". Burgos Noticias (in Spanish). 23 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
40. ^ "Sumar elige 'Marca el rumbo' como lema de campaña en las europeas y cartelería con su candidata al 9-J junto a Díaz" (in Spanish). Madrid: Europa Press. 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
41. ^ ""Así es la vida", el lema de campaña de Irene Montero para las europeas contra el "conformismo del bipartidismo"". Público (in Spanish). 21 March 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
42. ^ "Riba (ERC) acusa a PSC y Junts de "comprar las tesis de la extrema derecha" en la UE" (in Spanish). Barcelona: Europa Press. 23 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
43. ^ "Barrena dice que EH Bildu será "la voz de la Euskal Herria antifascista en Europa"" (in Spanish). Bilbao: Europa Press. 18 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
44. ^ "El BNG apela a ser "la voz gallega" en Europa para defender "los intereses" de Galicia" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. Europa Press. 21 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
45. ^ "Ara Més - Ara Repúbliques comença la campanya per a «ser la veu de les Illes Balears a Europa»". dBalears (in Catalan). 23 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
46. ^ "Comín concurre a las europeas con el lema 'Para seguir ganando en Europa' y contará con Puigdemont" (in Spanish). Barcelona: Europa Press. 21 May 2024. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
47. ^ "El PNV abrirá la campaña en Hondarribia, mientras EH Bildu, PSE, PP y Sumar lo harán en Bilbao". Deia (in Spanish). 21 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
48. ^ "CC se postula como la alternativa "fiable" y "efectiva" para defender los intereses de Canarias en Europa". InfoNorte Digital (in Spanish). 24 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
49. ^ "Geroa Bai quiere ser la voz de Navarra en "una Europa fuerte, social y democrática"". Noticias de Navarra (in Spanish). EFE. 23 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
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51. ^ "El debate de las europeas, en LA NUEVA ESPAÑA: PSOE y PP se disputan el voto ante un ciclo "clave para la competitividad de Asturias"". La Nueva España (in European Spanish). 18 May 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
52. ^ "Debate na CRTVG: Eleccións ao Parlamento Europeo 2024" (in Galician). CRTVG. 26 May 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
53. ^ "O modelo de UE e o papel da Galiza en Bruxelas centraron o debate na CRTVG, emitido en horario de baixa audiencia". Nós Diario (in Galician). Santiago de Compostela. 27 May 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
54. ^ "Primer debate electoral de las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo, hoy, en ETB1, Euskadi Irratia y eitb.eus" [First electoral debate of the European Parliament elections, today on ETB1, Euskadi Irratia and eitb.eus] (in Spanish). EITB. 27 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
55. ^ "La gestión de los fondos europeos, la situación del sector primario y la migración, temas centrales del debate" (in Spanish). EITB. 29 May 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
56. ^ "Vídeo: El debate definitivo entre Jonás Fernández y Susana Solís". El Comercio (in European Spanish). 29 May 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
57. ^ "El debate central de las elecciones europeas, el lunes en PRISA Media" [The main debate of the European elections, Monday on PRISA Media] (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 31 May 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
58. ^ "Así ha sido el debate electoral en la SER: propuestas y reacciones de los seis candidatos a las europeas" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 3 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
59. ^ "Así ha sido el debate de las elecciones europeas en Cadena SER Euskadi" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 3 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
60. ^ "Así será el debate de TV3 para las elecciones europeas 2024: fecha, participantes, presentador..." [This is how the TV3 debate will be for the 2024 European elections: date, participants, host...]. El Nacional (in Spanish). 31 May 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
61. ^ "Segundo debate electoral de las europeas, esta noche, en ETB2, Radio Euskadi, Radio Vitoria y eitb.eus" [Second electoral debate of the European Parliament elections, tonight on ETB2, Radio Euskadi, Radio Vitoria and eitb.eus] (in Spanish). EITB. 3 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
62. ^ "IB3 celebra el próximo martes un debate con los candidatos a las elecciones europeas" [IB3 will host next Tuesday a debate with the candidates for the European elections]. Mallorca Informa (in Spanish). 1 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
63. ^ "'9J, el debate decisivo': RTVE celebra este jueves un debate a nueve a tres días de las elecciones europeas" ['9J, el debate decisivo': RTVE will host this Thursday a nine-person debate three days before the European elections] (in Spanish). RTVE. 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
64. ^ "'Supervivientes 2024' (21%) entra en su recta final a un ritmo inalcanzable y el 'Eurodebate' (5.6%) pasa desapercibido". verTele (in Spanish). 7 June 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
65. ^ "Datos de avances de participación". resultados.eleccioneseuropeas2024.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
66. ^ "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 October 2024.
67. ^ "Parlamento Europeo: Distribución de los Eurodiputados españoles en grupos parlamentarios". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 November 2023.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5/1985). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 147\. 19 June 1985 [version as of 2 February 2024]. ISSN 0212-033X. BOE-A-1985-11672. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
* Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, signed at Lisbon, 13 December 2007. Official Journal of the European Union. Vol. 50\. 17 December 2007. ISSN 1725-2423. 12007L/TXT. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
* European Council Decision (EU) establishing the composition of the European Parliament (European Council Decision (EU) 2023/2061). Official Journal of the European Union. Vol. 66\. 22 September 2023. ISSN 1725-2423. 32023D2061. Retrieved 11 November 2023.

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