2024 United States Senate elections

Senate election for the 119th US Congress

2024 United States Senate elections

* * *

| ← 2022 | November 5, 2024 | 2026 →

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|

← 2018

2030 →

* * *

34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate
51[a] seats needed for a majority
|   | Majority party  | Minority party

|
|

|  |
Leader  | Mitch McConnell
(retired as leader)  | Chuck Schumer
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Leader since  | January 3, 2007  | January 3, 2017
Leader's seat  | Kentucky | New York
Seats before  | 49  | 47[c]
Seats after  | 53 | 45[d]
Seat change  |  4  |  2
Popular vote  | 54,402,269[1] | 55,934,606[1]
Percentage  | 47.7%  | 49.1%
Seats up  | 11  | 19
Races won  | 15  | 17

* * *

| Third party  |
|  |
Party  | Independent |
Seats before  | 4[c] |
Seats after  | 2[d] |
Seat change  |  2  |
Popular vote  | 1,302,089[1] |
Percentage  | 1.1%  |
Seats up  | 4  |
Races won  | 2  |

* * *

Results of the elections:
Democratic hold      Democratic gain
Republican hold      Republican gain
Independent hold

* * *

Rectangular inset (Nebraska): both seats up for election

* * *

| Majority Leader before election

Chuck Schumer
Democratic

| Elected Majority Leader

John Thune
Republican

|

The 2024 United States Senate elections were held on November 5, 2024. Regularly scheduled elections were held for 33 out of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate,[4][5] and special elections were held in California[6] and Nebraska.[7] U.S. senators are divided into three classes whose six-year terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years.[8] Class 1 senators faced election in 2024.[9] Republicans flipped four Democratic-held seats, regaining a Senate majority for the first time in four years, and the most gains for either party since 2014. Republicans successfully defended all of their own seats for the first time since 2014. This was the first time since 1980 that Republicans flipped control of a chamber of Congress in a presidential year.[10]

A total of 26 U.S. senators (15 Democrats, nine Republicans, and two independents) sought re-election in 2024,[11] while seven senators declined to seek re-election.[12] In addition, Sen. Laphonza Butler of California[13] and Sen. George Helmy of New Jersey[14] – each of whom had been appointed to their respective Senate seats – did not seek election in 2024. Concurrent with the 2024 regular Senate elections, two special Senate elections took place: one in California, to fill the final two months of Dianne Feinstein's term following her death in September 2023; and one in Nebraska, to fill the remaining two years of Ben Sasse's term following his resignation in January 2023.[15][16][17]

Republicans won control of the U.S. Senate by flipping an open seat in West Virginia; defeating Democratic incumbents in Montana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; and retaining all the seats they had previously held. Republican gains were partly attributed to the coattails of Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, who won the 2024 presidential election. Democratic candidates were elected in Arizona, Michigan, Nevada, and Wisconsin, despite Trump having won those states. No Republican won in a state that Kamala Harris carried in the presidential election.

## Partisan composition

[edit]

All 33 Class 1 Senate seats, and one Class 2 seat, were up for election in 2024; Class 1 currently consisted of 20 Democrats, four independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats,[e] and 10 Republicans.

Burgess Everett of Politico considered the map for these Senate elections to be highly unfavorable to Democrats. Democrats were to defend 23 of the 33 Class 1 seats,[20] including three in states won by Republican Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020. In contrast, there are no seats in this class held by Republicans in states won by Democrat Joe Biden in 2020. In the previous Senate election cycle that coincided with a presidential election (2020), only one senator (Susan Collins of Maine) was elected in a state that was simultaneously won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party.[21]

Republican gains were attributed to better candidate quality compared to 2022[22] and to the coattails of Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, who won the 2024 presidential election.[23] Time's Eric Cortellessa wrote that the thesis of the Republicans' success boiled down to the simple slogan "Max out the men and hold the women", meaning emphasizing the economy and immigration, which Trump did "relentlessly". Cortellessa also mentioned Trump's minimization of his numerous controversies, and push-offs of criminal trials via "a combination of friendly judges and legal postponements" to after the election. He said Trump's "advanced age and increasingly incoherent trail rhetoric" were taken by voters in stride, and that "much of the country read Trump's legal woes as part of a larger corrupt conspiracy to deny him, and them, power".[24] NPR wrote that "Americans have continued to chafe at higher than pre-pandemic prices and the lack of affordable housing", and that much of the voter placed the blame "squarely" on the Biden administration, wishing for the economy that had existed under the prior Trump Administration. NPR noted that demographics played an important role, with the share of Non-Hispanic White voters increasing from 67% to 71% of the electorate and the Republicans winning 46% of Latinos, as well as mentioning polling's "continued underestimation of Republicans' support nationally and in the key swing states".[25]

## Summary results

[edit]

### Seats

[edit]

Parties  |  |  |  | Total

|
|
|
|

Democratic | Independent  | Republican
Last elections (2022) | 49  | 2  | 49  | 100
Before these elections  | 47  | 4  | 49  | 100
Not up  | 28  | –  | 38  | 66
| Class 2 (2020→2026) | 13  | –  | 19  | 32
Class 3 (2022→2028) | 15  | –  | 19  | 34
Up  | 19[f] | 4[g] | 11  | 33
| Class 1 (2018→2024) | 21[g] | 2  | 10  | 33
Special: Class 1 & 2 | 1[f] | —  | 1[h] | 2
General election
Incumbent retiring  | 5[f] | 2  | 2  | 9
| Held by same party | 5  | —  | 2  | 7
Replaced by other party |  1 Independent replaced by  1 Republican
1 Independent replaced by  1 Democrat  | 2
Result | 6  | —  | 3  | 9
Incumbent running  | 13  | 2  | 8  | 23
| Won re-election | 10  | 2  | 8  | 20
Lost re-election |  3 Democrats replaced by  3 Republicans  | 3
Result | 10  | 2  | 11  | 23
Special elections
Appointee retiring  | 1[f] | —  | —  | 1
Appointee running  | –  | –  | 1[h] | 1
| Individuals elected | 1  | –  | 1  | 2
Result | 1  | –  | 1  | 2
Result  | 45  | 2  | 53  | 100

## Change in composition

[edit]

Each block represents one of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic/active senator, "I#" is an Independent senator, and "R#" is a Republican/active senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated, and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

### Before the elections

[edit]

Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.

D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10

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|
|
|
|
|
|
|

D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11
D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29
Conn.
Ran | D30
Hawaii
Ran
D40
Va.
Ran | D39
R.I.
Ran | D38
Pa.
Ran | D37
Ohio
Ran | D36
N.Y.
Ran | D35
N.M.
Ran | D34
Nev.
Ran | D33
Mont.
Ran | D32
Minn.
Ran | D31
Mass.
Ran
D41
Wash.
Ran | D42
Wis.
Ran | D43
Calif.
Retired | D44
Del.
Retired | D45
Md.
Retired | D46
Mich.
Retired | D47
N.J.
Retired | I1
Maine
Ran | I2
Vt.
Ran | I3
Ariz.
Retired
Majority (with Independents) ↑
R41
Mo.
Ran | R42
Neb. (reg)
Ran | R43
Neb. (sp)
Ran | R44
N.D.
Ran | R45
Tenn.
Ran | R46
Texas
Ran | R47
Wyo.
Ran | R48
Ind.
Retired | R49
Utah
Retired | I4
W.Va.
Retired
R40
Miss.
Ran | R39
Fla.
Ran | R38 | R37 | R36 | R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31
R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 | R29 | R30
R20 | R19 | R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10

### After the elections

[edit]

D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11
D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29
Calif.
Hold | D30
Conn.
Re-elected
D40
N.Y.
Re-elected | D39
N.M.
Re-elected | D38
N.J.
Hold | D37
Nev.
Re-elected | D36
Minn.
Re-elected | D35
Mich.
Hold | D34
Mass.
Re-elected | D33
Md.
Hold | D32
Hawaii
Re-elected | D31
Del.
Hold
D41
R.I.
Re-elected | D42
Va.
Re-elected | D43
Wash.
Re-elected | D44
Wisc.
Re-elected | D45
Ariz.
Gain | I1
Maine
Re-elected | I2
Vt.
Re-elected | R53
W.Va.
Gain | R52
Pa.
Gain | R51
Ohio
Gain
Majority →
R41
Miss.
Re-elected | R42
Mo.
Re-elected | R43
Neb. (reg)
Re-elected | R44
Neb. (sp)
Elected[i] | R45
N.D.
Re-elected | R46
Tenn.
Re-elected | R47
Texas
Re-elected | R48
Utah
Hold | R49
Wyo.
Re-elected | R50
Mont.
Gain
R40
Ind.
Hold | R39
Fla.
Re-elected | R38 | R37 | R36 | R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31
R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 | R29 | R30
R20 | R19 | R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10
Key  |  | D# | Democratic

|

R# | Republican
I# | Independent, caucusing with Democrats

## Predictions

[edit]

Several sites and individuals published predictions of competitive seats. These predictions looked at factors such as the strength of the incumbent (if the incumbent was running for reelection) and the other candidates, and the state's partisan lean (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assigned ratings to each seat, indicating the predicted advantage that a party had in winning that seat. Most election predictors used:

* "tossup": no advantage
* "tilt" (used by some predictors): advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
* "lean" or "leans": slight advantage
* "likely": significant, but surmountable, advantage
* "safe" or "solid": near-certain chance of victory

Constituency  | Incumbent  | Ratings

|
|

State  | PVI[26] | Senator  | Last
election[j] | Cook
Oct. 21,
2024[27] | IE
Oct. 31,
2024[28] | Sabato
Nov. 4,
2024[29] | RCP
Oct. 30,
2024[30] | ED
Nov. 4,
2024[31] | CNalysis
Nov. 4,
2024[32] | DDHQ/The Hill
Nov. 5,
2024[33] | Fox
Oct. 29,
2024[34] | 538
Nov. 2,
2024[35] | Result
Arizona | R+2 | Kyrsten Sinema
(retiring) | 49.96% D[k] | Lean D (flip) | Lean D (flip) | Lean D (flip) | Tossup  | Likely D (flip) | Likely D (flip) | Lean D (flip) | Lean D (flip) | Likely D (flip) | Gallego
50.06% D (flip)
California[l] | D+13 | Laphonza Butler
(retiring) | Appointed
(2023)[m] | Solid D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Schiff
58.87% D
Connecticut | D+7 | Chris Murphy | 59.53% D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Murphy
58.58% D
Delaware | D+7 | Tom Carper
(retiring) | 59.95% D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Blunt Rochester
56.59% D
Florida | R+3 | Rick Scott | 50.05% R  | Likely R  | Likely R  | Likely R  | Lean R  | Likely R  | Likely R  | Lean R  | Likely R  | Likely R  | Scott
55.57% R
Hawaii | D+14 | Mazie Hirono | 71.15% D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Hirono
64.61% D
Indiana | R+11 | Mike Braun
(retiring) | 50.73% R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Banks
58.64% R
Maine | D+2 | Angus King | 54.31% I  | Solid I | Solid I | Safe I | Solid I | Safe I | Solid I | Safe I | Solid I | Likely I | King
52.06% I
Maryland | D+14 | Ben Cardin
(retiring) | 64.86% D  | Likely D  | Likely D  | Likely D  | Lean D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Lean D  | Solid D  | Alsobrooks
54.64% D
Massachusetts | D+15 | Elizabeth Warren | 60.34% D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Warren
59.81% D
Michigan | R+1 | Debbie Stabenow
(retiring) | 52.26% D  | Tossup  | Tilt D  | Lean D  | Tossup  | Lean D  | Lean D  | Lean D  | Tossup  | Likely D  | Slotkin
48.64% D
Minnesota | D+1 | Amy Klobuchar | 60.31% D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Klobuchar
56.20% D
Mississippi | R+11 | Roger Wicker | 58.49% R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Wicker
62.81% R
Missouri | R+10 | Josh Hawley | 51.38% R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Likely R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Likely R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Hawley
55.58% R
Montana | R+11 | Jon Tester | 50.33% D  | Lean R (flip) | Tilt R (flip) | Lean R (flip) | Lean R (flip) | Lean R (flip) | Tilt R (flip) | Likely R (flip) | Lean R (flip) | Likely R (flip) | Sheehy
52.64% R (flip)
Nebraska
(regular) | R+13 | Deb Fischer | 57.69% R  | Lean R  | Lean R  | Lean R  | Lean R  | Likely R  | Tilt R  | Likely R  | Lean R  | Likely R  | Fischer
53.19% R
Nebraska
(special) | R+13 | Pete Ricketts | Appointed
(2023)[n] | Solid R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Ricketts
62.64% R
Nevada | R+1 | Jacky Rosen | 50.41% D  | Lean D  | Lean D  | Lean D  | Tossup  | Likely D  | Lean D  | Lean D  | Lean D  | Likely D  | Rosen
47.87% D
New Jersey | D+6 | George Helmy
(retiring) | Appointed
(2024)[o] | Solid D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Likely D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Likely D  | Kim
53.61% D
New Mexico | D+3 | Martin Heinrich | 54.09% D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Lean D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Likely D  | Likely D  | Solid D  | Heinrich
55.06% D
New York | D+10 | Kirsten Gillibrand | 67.00% D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Gillibrand
58.91% D
North Dakota | R+20 | Kevin Cramer | 55.45% R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Cramer
66.31% R
Ohio | R+6 | Sherrod Brown | 53.41% D  | Tossup  | Tossup  | Lean R (flip) | Tossup  | Lean D  | Tilt D  | Tossup  | Tossup  | Tossup  | Moreno
50.09% R (flip)
Pennsylvania | R+2 | Bob Casey Jr. | 55.74% D  | Tossup  | Tilt D  | Lean D  | Tossup  | Lean D  | Lean D  | Tossup  | Tossup  | Lean D  | McCormick
48.82% R (flip)
Rhode Island | D+8 | Sheldon Whitehouse | 61.44% D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Whitehouse
59.90% D
Tennessee | R+14 | Marsha Blackburn | 54.71% R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Blackburn
63.80% R
Texas | R+5 | Ted Cruz | 50.89% R  | Lean R  | Tilt R  | Lean R  | Tossup  | Lean R  | Tilt R  | Lean R  | Likely R  | Likely R  | Cruz
53.07% R
Utah | R+13 | Mitt Romney
(retiring) | 62.59% R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Curtis
62.50% R
Vermont | D+16 | Bernie Sanders | 67.44% I  | Solid I | Solid I | Safe I | Solid I | Safe I | Solid I | Safe I | Solid I | Solid I | Sanders
63.16% I
Virginia | D+3 | Tim Kaine | 57.00% D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Likely D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Likely D  | Solid D  | Likely D  | Kaine
54.37% D
Washington | D+8 | Maria Cantwell | 58.43% D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Safe D  | Solid D  | Solid D  | Cantwell
59.09% D
West Virginia | R+22 | Joe Manchin
(retiring) | 49.57% D[p] | Solid R (flip) | Solid R (flip) | Safe R (flip) | Solid R (flip) | Safe R (flip) | Solid R (flip) | Safe R (flip) | Solid R (flip) | Solid R (flip) | Justice
68.75% R (flip)
Wisconsin | R+2 | Tammy Baldwin | 55.36% D  | Tossup  | Tilt D  | Lean D  | Tossup  | Lean D  | Lean D  | Tossup  | Tossup  | Lean D  | Baldwin
49.33% D
Wyoming | R+25 | John Barrasso | 66.96% R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Safe R  | Solid R  | Solid R  | Barrasso
75.11% R
Overall[q] | D/I - 45
R - 51
4 tossups  | D/I - 48
R - 51
1 tossup  | D/I - 48
R - 52
0 tossups  | D/I - 43
R - 50
7 tossups  | D/I - 49
R - 51
0 tossups  | D/I - 49
R - 51
0 tossups  | D/I - 46
R - 51
3 tossups  | D/I - 45
R - 51
4 tossups  | D/I - 48
R - 51
1 tossup  | Results:
D/I - 47
R - 53

## Gains and holds

[edit]

### Retirements

[edit]

Map of retirements:

Republican incumbent

Democratic incumbent

Independent incumbent

Republican incumbent retiring

Democratic incumbent retiring

Independent incumbent retiring

Two Independents, two Republicans and five Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election. Senator Dianne Feinstein had previously announced her intent to retire at the end of her term; however, she died in office on September 29, 2023.

State  | Senator  | Replaced by  | Ref

|
|
|

Arizona | Kyrsten Sinema | Ruben Gallego | [37]
California | Laphonza Butler | Adam Schiff | [38]
Delaware | Tom Carper | Lisa Blunt Rochester | [39]
Indiana | Mike Braun | Jim Banks | [40]
Maryland | Ben Cardin | Angela Alsobrooks | [41]
Michigan | Debbie Stabenow | Elissa Slotkin | [16]
New Jersey | George Helmy | Andy Kim | [42]
Utah | Mitt Romney | John Curtis | [43]
West Virginia | Joe Manchin | Jim Justice | [44]

### Defeats

[edit]

Three Democrats sought re-election but lost in the general election.

State  | Senator  | Replaced by

|
|

Montana | Jon Tester | Tim Sheehy
Ohio | Sherrod Brown | Bernie Moreno
Pennsylvania | Bob Casey Jr. | Dave McCormick

### Post-election changes

[edit]

Two Republicans resigned in January 2025 and were both replaced with Republican appointees.

State  | Senator  | Replaced by  | Ref

|
|
|

Ohio
(Class 3)  | JD Vance | Jon Husted | [45]
Florida
(Class 3)  | Marco Rubio | Ashley Moody | [46]

## Race summary

[edit]

### Special elections during the preceding Congress

[edit]

In each special election, the winner's term begins immediately after their election is certified by their state's government.

Elections are sorted by date, then state.

State  | Incumbent  | Status  | Candidates[47]

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral history
California
(Class 1)  | Laphonza Butler | Democratic  | 2023 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired.[38]
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to the next term; see below.  |

* ▌Y Adam Schiff (Democratic) 58.75%
* ▌Steve Garvey (Republican) 41.25%

Nebraska
(Class 2)  | Pete Ricketts | Republican  | 2023 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected.  |

* ▌Y Pete Ricketts (Republican) 62.64%
* ▌Preston Love Jr. (Democratic) 37.36%

### Elections leading to the next Congress

[edit]

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 2025.

State  | Incumbent  | Candidates[47]

|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral history  | Result
Arizona | Kyrsten Sinema | Independent  | 2018[k] | Incumbent retired.[37]
Democratic gain. |

* ▌Y Ruben Gallego (Democratic) 50.06%
* ▌Kari Lake (Republican) 47.65%
* ▌Eduardo Heredia-Quintana (Green) 2.29%

California | Laphonza Butler | Democratic  | 2023 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired.[38]
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to finish the term; see above.  |

* ▌Y Adam Schiff (Democratic) 58.87%
* ▌Steve Garvey (Republican) 41.13%

Connecticut | Chris Murphy | Democratic  | 2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Chris Murphy (Democratic) 58.58%
* ▌Matthew Corey (Republican) 39.78%
* ▌Robert F. Hyde (Independent) 0.9%
* ▌Justin Paglino (Green) 0.8%

Delaware | Tom Carper | Democratic  | 2000
2006
2012
2018 | Incumbent retired.[39]
Democratic hold.  |

* ▌Y Lisa Blunt Rochester (Democratic) 56.6%
* ▌Eric Hansen (Republican) 39.5%
* ▌Michael Katz (Independent Party) 3.9%

Florida | Rick Scott | Republican  | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Rick Scott (Republican) 55.57%
* ▌Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (Democratic) 42.79%
* ▌Ben Everidge (Independent) 0.6%
* ▌Feena Bonoan (Libertarian) 0.5%
* ▌Tuan Nguyen (Independent) 0.5%

Hawaii | Mazie Hirono | Democratic  | 2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Mazie Hirono (Democratic) 64.6%
* ▌Bob McDermott (Republican) 31.9%
* ▌Shelby Billionaire (We the People) 1.8%
* ▌Emma Pohlman (Green) 1.7%

Indiana | Mike Braun | Republican  | 2018 | Incumbent retired to run for governor.[40]
Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Jim Banks (Republican) 58.64%
* ▌Valerie McCray (Democratic) 38.77%
* ▌Andy Horning (Libertarian) 2.59%

Maine | Angus King | Independent  | 2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Angus King (Independent) 52.06%
* ▌Demitroula Kouzounas (Republican) 34.64%
* ▌David Costello (Democratic) 10.83%
* ▌Jason Cherry (Independent) 2.5%

Maryland | Ben Cardin | Democratic  | 2006
2012
2018 | Incumbent retired.[41]
Democratic hold.  |

* ▌Y Angela Alsobrooks (Democratic) 54.64%
* ▌Larry Hogan (Republican) 42.84%
* ▌Mike Scott (Libertarian) 2.52%

Massachusetts | Elizabeth Warren | Democratic  | 2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Elizabeth Warren (Democratic) 59.81%
* ▌John Deaton (Republican) 40.00%

Michigan | Debbie Stabenow | Democratic  | 2000
2006
2012
2018 | Incumbent retired.[16]
Democratic hold.  |

* ▌Y Elissa Slotkin (Democratic) 48.64%
* ▌Mike Rogers (Republican) 48.30%
* ▌Joseph Solis-Mullen (Libertarian) 1.0%
* ▌Douglas Marsh (Green) 1.0%
* ▌Dave Stein (Constitution) 0.7%
* ▌Doug Dern (Natural Law) 0.3%

Minnesota | Amy Klobuchar | DFL  | 2006
2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Amy Klobuchar (DFL) 56.20%
* ▌Royce White (Republican) 40.5%
* ▌Rebecca Whiting (Libertarian) 1.7%
* ▌Joyce Lacey (Independence) 1.5%

Mississippi | Roger Wicker | Republican  | 2007 (appointed)
2008 (special)
2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Roger Wicker (Republican) 62.81%
* ▌Ty Pinkins (Democratic) 36.6%

Missouri | Josh Hawley | Republican  | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Josh Hawley (Republican) 55.58%
* ▌Lucas Kunce (Democratic) 41.76%
* ▌W. C. Young (Libertarian) 1.2%
* ▌Jared Young (Independent) 0.7%
* ▌Nathan Kline (Green) 0.7%

Montana | Jon Tester | Democratic  | 2006
2012
2018 | Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y Tim Sheehy (Republican) 52.64%
* ▌Jon Tester (Democratic) 45.50%
* ▌Sid Daoud (Libertarian) 1.2%
* ▌Michael Downey (Green) 0.7%

Nebraska | Deb Fischer | Republican  | 2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Deb Fischer (Republican) 53.19%
* ▌Dan Osborn (Independent) 46.47%

Nevada | Jacky Rosen | Democratic  | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Jacky Rosen (Democratic) 47.87%
* ▌Sam Brown (Republican) 46.20%
* ▌None of These Candidates 3.0%
* ▌Janine Hansen (Independent American) 1.5%
* ▌Christopher Cunningham (Libertarian) 1.4%

New Jersey | George Helmy | Democratic  | 2024 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired.[42]
Democratic hold.
Interim appointee resigned December 8, 2024, to give Kim preferential seniority.
Winner appointed the same day.  |

* ▌Y Andy Kim (Democratic) 53.64%
* ▌Curtis Bashaw (Republican) 44.00%
* ▌Christina Khalil (Green) 1.1%
* ▌Ken Kaplan (Libertarian) 0.6%
* ▌Patricia Mooneyham (Independent) 0.4%
* ▌Joanne Kuniansky (Socialist Workers) 0.2%

New Mexico | Martin Heinrich | Democratic  | 2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Martin Heinrich (Democratic) 55.06%
* ▌Nella Domenici (Republican) 44.9%

New York | Kirsten Gillibrand | Democratic  | 2009 (appointed)
2010 (special)
2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Kirsten Gillibrand (Democratic) 58.5%
* ▌Mike Sapraicone (Republican) 41.0%
* ▌Diane Sare (LaRouche) 0.5%

North Dakota | Kevin Cramer | Republican  | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Kevin Cramer (Republican) 66.5%
* ▌Katrina Christiansen (Democratic–NPL) 33.5%

Ohio | Sherrod Brown | Democratic  | 2006
2012
2018 | Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.  |

* ▌Y Bernie Moreno (Republican) 50.09%
* ▌Sherrod Brown (Democratic) 46.47%
* ▌Don Kissick (Libertarian) 3.44%

Pennsylvania | Bob Casey Jr. | Democratic  | 2006
2012
2018 | Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.  |

* ▌Y Dave McCormick (Republican) 48.82%
* ▌Bob Casey Jr. (Democratic) 48.60%
* ▌John Thomas (Libertarian) 1.24%
* ▌Leila Hazou (Green) 1.00%
* ▌Marty Selker (Constitution) 0.3%

Rhode Island | Sheldon Whitehouse | Democratic  | 2006
2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Sheldon Whitehouse (Democratic) 59.90%
* ▌Patricia Morgan (Republican) 40.10%

Tennessee | Marsha Blackburn | Republican  | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Marsha Blackburn (Republican) 63.8%
* ▌Gloria Johnson (Democratic) 34.2%
* ▌Tharon Chandler (Independent) 0.9%
* ▌Pamela Moses (Independent) 0.8%
* ▌Hastina Robinson (Independent) 0.3%

Texas | Ted Cruz | Republican  | 2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Ted Cruz (Republican) 53.07%
* ▌Colin Allred (Democratic) 44.57%
* ▌Ted Brown (Libertarian) 2.36%

Utah | Mitt Romney | Republican  | 2018 | Incumbent retired.[43]
Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y John Curtis (Republican) 62.50%
* ▌Caroline Gleich (Democratic) 31.74%
* ▌Carlton Bowen (Independent American) 5.74%

Vermont | Bernie Sanders | Independent  | 2006
2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Bernie Sanders (Independent) 63.16%
* ▌Gerald Malloy (Republican) 32.07%
* ▌Steve Berry (Independent) 2.2%
* ▌Matt Hill (Libertarian) 1.2%
* ▌Justin Schoville (Peace and Justice) 0.9%
* ▌Matt Stewart Greenstein (Independent) 0.3%

Virginia | Tim Kaine | Democratic  | 2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Tim Kaine (Democratic) 54.4%
* ▌Hung Cao (Republican) 45.4%

Washington | Maria Cantwell | Democratic  | 2000
2006
2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Maria Cantwell (Democratic) 59.09%
* ▌Raul Garcia (Republican) 40.64%

West Virginia | Joe Manchin | Independent  | 2010 (special)[p]
2012
2018 | Incumbent retired.[44]
Republican gain.
Winner delayed start of term until January 13, 2025, to finish his term as Governor of West Virginia.  |

* ▌Y Jim Justice (Republican) 68.75%
* ▌Glenn Elliott (Democratic) 27.26%
* ▌David Moran (Libertarian) 3.99%

Wisconsin | Tammy Baldwin | Democratic  | 2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y Tammy Baldwin (Democratic) 49.33%
* ▌Eric Hovde (Republican) 48.48%
* ▌Phil Anderson (Disrupt the Corruption) 1.2%
* ▌Thomas Leager (America First) 0.9%

Wyoming | John Barrasso | Republican  | 2007 (appointed)
2008 (special)
2012
2018 | Incumbent re-elected.  |

* ▌Y John Barrasso (Republican) 75.11%
* ▌Scott Morrow (Democratic) 24.12%

## Closest races

[edit]

11 races had a margin of victory under 10%:[47]

State  | Party of winner  | Margin

|
|

Pennsylvania | Republican (flip)  | 0.22%
Michigan | Democratic  | 0.34%
Wisconsin | Democratic  | 0.85%
Nevada | Democratic  | 1.64%
Arizona | Democratic (flip)  | 2.41%
Ohio | Republican (flip)  | 3.62%
Nebraska | Republican  | 6.67%
Montana | Republican (flip)  | 7.14%[r]
Texas | Republican  | 8.50%
Virginia | Democratic  | 8.93%
New Jersey | Democratic  | 9.62%

## Arizona

[edit]

Arizona election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Ruben Gallego | Kari Lake |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 1,676,335 | 1,595,761
Percentage  | 50.06% | 47.65%

* * *

County results
Gallego:      50–60%      60–70%
Lake:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Kyrsten Sinema
Independent

| Elected U.S. senator

Ruben Gallego
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Arizona

See also: List of United States senators from Arizona and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona

One-term independent Kyrsten Sinema was narrowly elected in 2018 as a Democrat with 50.0% of the vote. She left the Democratic Party in December 2022.[48] Sinema announced on March 5, 2024, that she would not run for reelection.[49]

Prior to her retirement announcement, Sinema was considered vulnerable to challengers from the Democratic Party due to her opposition to some of President Joe Biden's agenda,[50] and U.S. representative Ruben Gallego launched an early bid for the Democratic nomination, which he won with no opposition.[51][52]

Pinal County sheriff Mark Lamb and 2022 gubernatorial nominee Kari Lake sought the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate.[53][54] Lake won the Republican primary by less than expected.

## California

[edit]

California election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Candidate  | Adam Schiff | Steve Garvey
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Regular election  | 9,036,252
58.87% | 6,312,594
41.13%
Special election  | 8,837,051
58.75% | 6,204,637
41.25%

* * *

County results
Schiff:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Garvey:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Laphonza Butler[s]
Democratic

| Elected U.S. senator

Adam Schiff
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate elections in California

See also: List of United States senators from California and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in California

Five-term Democrat Dianne Feinstein was reelected in 2018 with 54.2% of the vote against another Democrat. On February 14, 2023, Feinstein announced that she would not seek reelection to a sixth term.[55] However, she died on September 29, 2023, leaving the seat vacant. Democrat Laphonza Butler, president of EMILY's List, was appointed by California governor Gavin Newsom to succeed Feinstein on October 2, 2023.[56] Butler did not run for election to a full term, or for the final two months of the current term.[38]

There were three major Democratic candidates for the seat — U.S. representatives Barbara Lee, Katie Porter, and Adam Schiff — along with former professional baseball player Steve Garvey running as a Republican.[57][58][59][60][61] Schiff was viewed as representing the establishment wing of the Democratic Party, while Porter and Lee represent the progressive wing.[62]

Schiff and Garvey won the non-partisan primary election which took place on March 5, 2024, during Super Tuesday, setting up a general election campaign between the two.[62]

Due to California's election rules, similar to the previous election for the other seat, there were two ballot items for the same seat: a general election, to elect a Class 1 senator to a full term beginning with the 119th United States Congress, to be sworn in on January 3, 2025; and a special election, to fill that seat for the final weeks of the 118th Congress.

## Connecticut

[edit]

Connecticut election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Chris Murphy | Matthew Corey  |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 1,000,695 | 678,256
Percentage  | 58.58% | 39.78%

* * *

Council of government results

County results

Municipality results

Murphy:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Corey:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Chris Murphy
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Chris Murphy
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Connecticut

See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut

Two-term Democrat Chris Murphy was reelected in 2018 with 59.5% of the vote. He announced that he was running for a third term.[63] Beacon Falls First Selectman Gerry Smith announced his campaign in early February 2024.[64] The Republican primary was won by tavern owner Matthew Corey,[65] who was the Republican nominee in 2018.[66]

## Delaware

[edit]

Delaware election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Lisa Blunt Rochester | Eric Hansen  |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 283,298 | 197,753
Percentage  | 56.59% | 39.5%

* * *

County results
Blunt Rochester:      50–60%      60–70%
Hansen:      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Tom Carper
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Lisa Blunt Rochester
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Delaware

See also: List of United States senators from Delaware and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware

Four-term Democrat Tom Carper was reelected in 2018 with 60.0% of the vote. He announced on May 22, 2023, that he would be retiring, and would not run for a fifth term.[67]

Delaware's at-large U.S. representative Lisa Blunt Rochester ran for the Democratic nomination to succeed Carper, who endorsed her when he announced his retirement.[68][69]

Term-limited governor John Carney was also considered a possible Democratic candidate.[67][70] Carney announced that he was running for mayor of Wilmington.[71]

Among Republicans, businessman Eric Hansen announced his candidacy.[72]

## Florida

[edit]

Florida election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Rick Scott | Debbie Mucarsel-Powell |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 5,977,706 | 4,603,077
Percentage  | 55.57% | 42.79%

* * *

County results
Scott:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Mucarsel-Powell:      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Rick Scott
Republican

| Elected U.S. senator

Rick Scott
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Florida

See also: List of United States senators from Florida and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida

Former governor and incumbent one-term Republican Rick Scott was narrowly elected in 2018 with 50.06% of the vote. He ran for reelection to a second term.[73] Brevard County assistant district attorney Keith Gross and actor John Columbus challenged Scott for the Republican nomination.[74][75] Primary elections took place on August 20, 2024.[76]

Scott won a second term, defeating Democratic former congresswoman Debbie Mucarsel-Powell.[77]

## Hawaii

[edit]

Hawaii election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Mazie Hirono | Bob McDermott |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 324,194 | 160,075
Percentage  | 64.61% | 31.90%

* * *

County results
Hirono:      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Mazie Hirono
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Mazie Hirono
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Hawaii

See also: List of United States senators from Hawaii and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii

Two-term Democrat Mazie Hirono was reelected in 2018 with 71.2% of the vote. Hirono ran for a third term.[78] Former state representative Bob McDermott won a 6-candidate race to be the Republican nominee.[79]

## Indiana

[edit]

Indiana election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Jim Banks | Valerie McCray  |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 1,659,416 | 1,097,061
Percentage  | 58.64% | 38.77%

* * *

County results
Banks:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
McCray:      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Mike Braun
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Jim Banks
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Indiana

See also: List of United States senators from Indiana and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana

One-term Republican Mike Braun was elected in 2018 with 50.8% of the vote. Braun was retiring to prepare to run for governor of Indiana.[40] U.S. representative Jim Banks ran unopposed in the primary after his only competition, businessman John Rust, was disqualified.[80]

Psychologist Valerie McCray defeated former state representative Marc Carmichael for the Democratic nomination.[81]

## Maine

[edit]

Maine election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |  |

|
|
|

Nominee  | Angus King | Demitroula Kouzounas  | David Costello
Party  | Independent | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 427,331 | 284,338  | 88,891
Percentage  | 52.06% | 34.64%  | 10.83%

* * *

County results

Municipality results

King:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      90–100%
Kouzonunas:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100%
Costello:      80–90%
Tie:      40–50%      50%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Angus King
Independent

| Elected U.S. senator

Angus King
Independent

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Maine

See also: List of United States senators from Maine and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine

Two-term Independent incumbent Angus King was reelected in 2018 with 54.3% of the vote in a three-candidate election. He intended to run for a third term, despite previously hinting that he might retire.[82]

Democratic consultant David Costello and dentist Demitroula Kouzounas, a former Maine Republican Party chair, each won their respective party primaries unopposed.[83] They would both face King in the general election in November.

## Maryland

[edit]

Maryland election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Angela Alsobrooks | Larry Hogan |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 1,650,912 | 1,294,344
Percentage  | 54.64% | 42.84%

* * *

County results
Alsobrooks:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Hogan:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Ben Cardin
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Angela Alsobrooks
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Maryland

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland

Three-term Democrat Ben Cardin was reelected in 2018 with 64.9% of the vote. On May 1, 2023, Cardin announced he was not running for reelection.[84]

Prince George's County executive Angela Alsobrooks defeated U.S. representative David Trone for the Democratic nomination after a contentious primary, where Trone spent heavily from his personal wealth while Alsobrooks had the support of most elected Democrats.[85]

Former governor Larry Hogan easily defeated conservative former state delegate Robin Ficker for the Republican nomination.[86] A popular moderate known for his political independence, Hogan had previously declined to run,[87] but unexpectedly filed to run hours before the candidate filing deadline.[88]

## Massachusetts

[edit]

Massachusetts election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Elizabeth Warren | John Deaton  |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 2,041,668 | 1,365,440
Percentage  | 59.81% | 40.00%

* * *

County results

Municipality results

Warren:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100%
Deaton:      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Elizabeth Warren
Democratic

| Elected U.S. senator

Elizabeth Warren
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts

Two-term Democrat Elizabeth Warren was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. On March 27, 2023, Warren announced that she was running for reelection.[89]

Software company owner Robert Antonellis,[90] Quincy City Council president Ian Cain,[91] and attorney John Deaton[92] ran as Republicans.

## Michigan

[edit]

Michigan election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Elissa Slotkin | Mike Rogers |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 2,712,686 | 2,693,680
Percentage  | 48.64% | 48.30%

* * *

County results
Slotkin:      40-50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Rogers:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Debbie Stabenow
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Elissa Slotkin
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Michigan

See also: List of United States senators from Michigan and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan

Four-term Democrat Debbie Stabenow was reelected in 2018 with 52.3% of the vote. She announced on January 5, 2023, that she would retire, and would not run for a fifth term.[16]

Representative Elissa Slotkin,[93] and state representative Leslie Love[94] announced their candidacies for the Democratic nomination. Businessman and 2006 Republican candidate for this seat Nasser Beydoun also declared his candidacy as a Democrat.[95] Actor Hill Harper announced his campaign for the Democratic nomination in July 2023.[96]

The primary took place on August 6, 2024. Former U.S. representatives Mike Rogers and Justin Amash, and hedge fund manager Sandy Pensler[97] ran for the Republican nomination.[98][99][100][101]

Representative John James, the Republican nominee for this seat in 2018 and for Michigan's other Senate seat in 2020, declined to run.[102]

The nominees were Slotkin and Rogers, who easily won their primaries as expected.

## Minnesota

[edit]

Minnesota election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Amy Klobuchar | Royce White |
Party  | Democratic (DFL) | Republican
Popular vote  | 1,792,441 | 1,291,712
Percentage  | 56.20% | 40.50%

* * *

County results
Klobuchar:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
White:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Amy Klobuchar
Democratic (DFL)

| Elected U.S. Senator

Amy Klobuchar
Democratic (DFL)

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Minnesota

See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota

Three-term Democrat Amy Klobuchar was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. She ran for a fourth term.[78]

In the August 13 Republican primary, former NBA basketball player Royce White won an eight-candidate primary with 38% of the vote, with banker and retired U.S. Navy commander Joe Fraser finishing second with 29% of the vote.[103] Third-party candidates consisted of guardianship advocate and Republican candidate for governor in 2022, Independence-Alliance Party candidate, Joyce Lacy.[104]

## Mississippi

[edit]

Mississippi election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Roger Wicker | Ty Pinkins  |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 763,420 | 451,981
Percentage  | 62.81% | 37.19%

* * *

County results
Wicker:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Pinkins:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Roger Wicker
Republican

| Elected U.S. senator

Roger Wicker
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Mississippi

See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi

Two-term Republican Roger Wicker was reelected in 2018 with 58.5% of the vote. Wicker ran for a third full term. He faced a primary challenge from conservative state representative Dan Eubanks and won by a comfortable margin.[105] Wicker would face Democratic lawyer Ty Pinkins in the general election.[106]

## Missouri

[edit]

Missouri election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Josh Hawley | Lucas Kunce |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 1,651,907 | 1,243,728
Percentage  | 55.57% | 41.84%

* * *

County results
Hawley:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Kunce:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      80–90%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Josh Hawley
Republican

| Elected U.S. Senator

Josh Hawley
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Missouri

See also: List of United States senators from Missouri and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri

One-term Republican Josh Hawley was elected in 2018 with 51.4% of the vote. Hawley ran for a second term.[107]

Marine veteran Lucas Kunce, who ran unsuccessfully for the Class III seat in 2022, won the Democratic nomination on August 6, 2024.[108]

Hawley defeated Kunce to win reelection.

## Montana

[edit]

Montana election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Tim Sheehy | Jon Tester |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 319,682 | 276,305
Percentage  | 52.64% | 45.50%

* * *

County results
Sheehy:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Tester:     50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Jon Tester
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Tim Sheehy
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Montana

See also: List of United States senators from Montana and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana

Three-term Democrat Jon Tester was narrowly reelected in 2018 with 50.3% of the vote. On February 22, 2023, he announced he was running for a fourth term. Tester was one of two Democratic senators running for reelection who represented states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.[109]

Businessman and former Navy SEAL officer Tim Sheehy won the Republican nomination.[110] U.S. representative Matt Rosendale, also a Republican, ran against Sheehy for the nomination in February,[111] but withdrew from the race days later.[112] Sheehy defeated Tester in the general election, marking the first time since 1911 that the Republican Party controlled both of Montana's senate seats.

## Nebraska

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska

There were two elections in Nebraska, due to the resignation of Ben Sasse.

### Nebraska (regular)

[edit]

Nebraska general election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Deb Fischer | Dan Osborn |
Party  | Republican | Independent
Popular vote  | 499,124 | 436,493
Percentage  | 53.19% | 46.52%

* * *

County results
Fischer:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Osborn:      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Deb Fischer
Republican

| Elected U.S. senator

Deb Fischer
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska

Two-term Republican Deb Fischer was reelected in 2018 with 57.7% of the vote. On May 14, 2021, Fischer announced she was seeking reelection, despite previously declaring an intention to retire.[113]

Dan Osborn, a union leader and steamfitter, ran as an independent. Since Osborn declared, the Democratic Party fielded no candidates in order to endorse him, but he stated he would accept the help of no parties.[114]

### Nebraska (special)

[edit]

Nebraska special election

* * *

← 2020

2026 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Pete Ricketts | Preston Love Jr. |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 585,103 | 349,902
Percentage  | 62.6% | 37.4%

* * *

County results
Ricketts:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Love:      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Pete Ricketts
Republican

| Elected U.S. senator

Pete Ricketts
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate special election in Nebraska

Two-term Republican Ben Sasse resigned his seat on January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida.[115][15] Former governor and 2006 Senate nominee Pete Ricketts was appointed by Governor Jim Pillen, and a special election for the seat would take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections. Ricketts defeated Air Force veteran John Glen Weaver for the Republican nomination.[116] Former University of Nebraska Omaha professor Preston Love Jr. ran as a Democrat.[117]

## Nevada

[edit]

Nevada election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Jacky Rosen | Sam Brown |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 701,105 | 677,046
Percentage  | 47.87% | 46.22%

* * *

County results
Rosen:      50–60%
Brown:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Jacky Rosen
Democratic

| Elected U.S. senator

Jacky Rosen
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Nevada

See also: List of United States senators from Nevada and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada

One-term Democrat Jacky Rosen was elected in 2018 with 50.4% of the vote. Rosen was re-elected for a second term.[78]

Veteran and 2022 Senate candidate Sam Brown was declared the Republican nominee after winning the June 11 primary.[118] Brown easily won against former ambassador to Iceland Jeffrey Ross Gunter and former state assemblyman Jim Marchant, among others.

## New Jersey

[edit]

New Jersey election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Andy Kim | Curtis Bashaw  |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 2,161,491 | 1,773,589
Percentage  | 53.61% | 43.99%

* * *

County results

Municipality results

Kim:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Bashaw:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

George Helmy
Democratic

| Elected U.S. senator

Andy Kim
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New Jersey

See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey

Democrat Bob Menendez was reelected in 2018 with 54.0% of the vote. On July 13, 2021, The New Jersey Globe reported that Menendez planned to run for a fourth full term.[119][120] On September 22, 2023, Menendez was indicted on federal bribery charges.[121] On March 14, 2024, a week after his planned retirement, Menendez reversed his decision and attempted to run for re-election as an Independent candidate.[122] Following his conviction on July 16, he announced that he would resign on August 20 and suspend his candidacy.[123][124] Governor Phil Murphy announced that day he would appoint George Helmy, his former chief of staff, to serve as the caretaker before the election.[125]

Financier and current first lady of New Jersey Tammy Murphy also ran for the Democratic nomination, but ended her campaign in March 2024.[126]

Mendham mayor Christine Serrano Glassner[127] and real estate developer Curtis Bashaw[128] ran for the Republican nomination.[129] On June 4, 2024, Bashaw won the Republican primary in an upset.[130]

## New Mexico

[edit]

New Mexico election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Martin Heinrich | Nella Domenici  |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 497,333 | 405,978
Percentage  | 55.06% | 44.94%

* * *

County results
Heinrich:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Domenici:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Martin Heinrich
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Martin Heinrich
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New Mexico

See also: List of United States senators from New Mexico and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico

Two-term Democrat Martin Heinrich was reelected in 2018 with 54.1% of the vote in a three-candidate race. He was re-elected for a third term.[131] Hedge fund executive Nella Domenici, daughter of Pete Domenici, senator from 1973 to 2009, announced her candidacy for the Republican nomination on January 17, 2024.[132]

## New York

[edit]

New York election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Kirsten Gillibrand | Mike Sapraicone  |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Alliance  | Working Families | Conservative
Popular vote  | 4,711,298 | 3,246,114
Percentage  | 58.91% | 40.59%

* * *

County results
Gillibrand:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Sapraicone:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Kirsten Gillibrand
Democratic

| Elected U.S. senator

Kirsten Gillibrand
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New York

See also: List of United States senators from New York and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

Two-term Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. She was re-elected for a third full term.[133]

Former New York City Police detective Mike Sapraicone declared his candidacy as a Republican.[134]

## North Dakota

[edit]

North Dakota election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Kevin Cramer | Katrina Christiansen  |
Party  | Republican | Democratic–NPL
Popular vote  | 241,569 | 121,602
Percentage  | 66.31% | 33.38%

* * *

County results
Cramer:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Christiansen:      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Kevin Cramer
Republican

| Elected U.S. senator

Kevin Cramer
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in North Dakota

See also: List of United States senators from North Dakota and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota

One-term Republican Kevin Cramer was elected in 2018 with 55.1% of the vote. Cramer ran for re-election.[135]

Democrat Katrina Christiansen, an engineering professor from the University of Jamestown and candidate for the Senate in 2022, was her party's nominee.[136]

## Ohio

[edit]

Ohio election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Bernie Moreno | Sherrod Brown |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 2,857,383 | 2,650,949
Percentage  | 50.09% | 46.47%

* * *

County results
Moreno:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Brown:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Sherrod Brown
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Bernie Moreno
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Ohio

See also: List of United States senators from Ohio and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio

Three-term Democrat Sherrod Brown was reelected in 2018 with 53.4% of the vote. Brown ran for a fourth term. He was one of two Democratic senators running for reelection who represented states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.[137]

The Republican nominee was businessman Bernie Moreno, who defeated state senator Matt Dolan and secretary of state Frank LaRose in the primary election.[138]

Moreno defeated Brown in the general election 50.1% to 46.5%.

## Pennsylvania

[edit]

Pennsylvania election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | David McCormick | Bob Casey Jr. |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 3,399,295 | 3,384,180
Percentage  | 48.82% | 48.60%

* * *

County results
McCormick:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Casey:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Bob Casey Jr.
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

David McCormick
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania

Three-term Democrat Bob Casey Jr., was reelected in 2018 with 55.7% of the vote. Casey was running for a fourth term.[139] He was challenged by engineer Blaine Forkner.[140]

2022 Senate candidate David McCormick was the Republican nominee.[141] McCormick won from Casey by 48.8% to 48.6% in the November 5, 2024 general election.[142] Initially, despite the Associated Press calling the race for McCormick, Casey refused to concede the race due to unknown numbers of outstanding provisional ballots in primarily urban areas.[143] Senate majority leader Chuck Schumer originally did not invite McCormick to the “New Senator Orientation Event,” but Schumer relented after criticism from Republicans and independent Arizona senator Kyrsten Sinema.[144][145] Casey eventually conceded on November 21; McCormick was then officially declared the winner.

## Rhode Island

[edit]

Rhode Island election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Sheldon Whitehouse | Patricia Morgan |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 294,665 | 196,039
Percentage  | 59.90% | 39.85%

* * *

County results

Municipality results

Whitehouse:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Morgan:      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Sheldon Whitehouse
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Sheldon Whitehouse
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Rhode Island

See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island

Three-term Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse was reelected in 2018 with 61.4% of the vote. He ran for a fourth term. Republicans who announced their candidacies included state representative Patricia Morgan[146] and IT professional Raymond McKay.[147]

## Tennessee

[edit]

Tennessee election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Marsha Blackburn | Gloria Johnson |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 1,918,743 | 1,027,461
Percentage  | 63.80% | 34.16%

* * *

County results
Blackburn:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Johnson:      50–60%      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Marsha Blackburn
Republican

| Elected U.S. senator

Marsha Blackburn
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Tennessee

See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee

One-term Republican Marsha Blackburn was elected in 2018 with 54.7% of the vote. Blackburn filed paperwork to run for reelection. The Democratic nominee was state representative Gloria Johnson.[148]

## Texas

[edit]

Texas election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Ted Cruz | Colin Allred |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 5,990,741 | 5,031,249
Percentage  | 53.07% | 44.57%

* * *

County results
Cruz:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Allred:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Ted Cruz
Republican

| Elected U.S. senator

Ted Cruz
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Texas

See also: List of United States senators from Texas and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas

Ted Cruz ran for a third Senate term.[149] He faced Democratic nominee Colin Allred, a former NFL player and congressman, who defeated state senator Roland Gutierrez and state representative Carl Sherman in the primary election.[150][151][152] Cruz defeated Allred on November 5, 2024, by 53.1% to 44.6%.[153]

## Utah

[edit]

Utah election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |  |

|
|
|

Nominee  | John Curtis | Caroline Gleich | Carlton Bowen
Party  | Republican | Democratic | Independent American
Popular vote  | 914,700 | 464,515  | 83,972
Percentage  | 62.50% | 31.74%  | 5.74%

* * *

County results
Curtis:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Gleich:      40–50%      50–60%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Mitt Romney
Republican

| Elected U.S. senator

John Curtis
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Utah

See also: List of United States senators from Utah and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah

One-term Republican Mitt Romney was elected in 2018 with 62.6% of the vote. On September 13, 2023, Romney announced he would not seek reelection in 2024.[154]

The Republican nominee was U.S. representative John Curtis,[155] who defeated Riverton Mayor Trent Staggs,[156] and state House speaker Brad Wilson,[157] in the primary election.

The Democratic nominee was professional skier Caroline Gleich.[158]

## Vermont

[edit]

Vermont election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Bernie Sanders | Gerald Malloy  |
Party  | Independent | Republican
Popular vote  | 229,429 | 116,512
Percentage  | 63.16% | 32.07%

* * *

County results

Municipality results

Sanders:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Malloy:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Tie:      40–50%
No data/vote:

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Bernie Sanders
Independent

| Elected U.S. Senator

Bernie Sanders
Independent

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Vermont

See also: List of United States senators from Vermont and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont

Three-term independent Bernie Sanders was re-elected in 2018 with 67.4% of the vote. He was challenged by artist Cris Ericson, an independent perennial candidate.[159] Businessman Gerald Malloy, who was the Republican nominee for the Senate in 2022, secured the Republican nomination unopposed.[160]

## Virginia

[edit]

Virginia election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Tim Kaine | Hung Cao |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 2,314,474 | 1,961,719
Percentage  | 54.37% | 45.44%

* * *

County and independent city results
Kaine:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Cao:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Tim Kaine
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Tim Kaine
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from Virginia and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia

Two-term Democrat Tim Kaine was reelected in 2018 with 57.0% of the vote. On January 20, 2023, he confirmed he was running for reelection to a third term.[161] Governor Glenn Youngkin, who would be term-limited in 2025, was considered a possible Republican candidate.[162]

On July 18, 2023, Navy veteran Hung Cao announced he would run as a Republican. Cao unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives against Democrat Jennifer Wexton in 2022.[163]

## Washington

[edit]

Washington election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Candidate  | Maria Cantwell | Raul Garcia
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 2,252,577 | 1,549,187
Percentage  | 59.09% | 40.64%

* * *

County results
Cantwell:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Garcia:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Maria Cantwell
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Maria Cantwell
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Washington

See also: List of United States senators from Washington and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington

Four-term Democrat Maria Cantwell was reelected in 2018 with 58.4% of the vote.

Emergency room physician Raul Garcia announced that he would run as a Republican.[164]

## West Virginia

[edit]

West Virginia election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Jim Justice | Glenn Elliott  |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 514,079 | 207,548
Percentage  | 68.75% | 27.76%

* * *

County results
Justice:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Joe Manchin
Independent

| Elected U.S. Senator

Jim Justice
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in West Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia

Independent Joe Manchin, who was elected as a Democrat, was re-elected in 2018 with 49.6% of the vote. On November 9, 2023, Manchin announced he would not seek re-election.[44] Since Manchin announced his retirement, all major outlets rated this seat as expected to flip to GOP control, which would put this seat in Republican hands for the first time in 68 years.

Popular governor Jim Justice easily defeated U.S. representative Alex Mooney[165] in the Republican primary.

Wheeling mayor Glenn Elliott, who had Manchin's endorsement,[166] defeated community organizer and U.S. Marine Corps veteran Zachary Shrewsbury and former coal executive Don Blankenship in the primary for the Democratic Party nomination.[167]

## Wisconsin

[edit]

Wisconsin election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | Tammy Baldwin | Eric Hovde  |
Party  | Democratic | Republican
Popular vote  | 1,672,777 | 1,643,996
Percentage  | 49.33% | 48.48%

* * *

County results
Baldwin:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Hovde:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Tammy Baldwin
Democratic

| Elected U.S. Senator

Tammy Baldwin
Democratic

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Wisconsin

See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin

Two-term Democrat Tammy Baldwin was reelected in 2018 with 55.4% of the vote. She ran for reelection.[168] Hedge fund manager Eric Hovde, candidate for the Senate in 2012, announced a second attempt at the Republican nomination. Former Milwaukee County sheriff David Clarke[169] was seen as a potential Republican challenger to Hovde's bid, but never ended up beginning a campaign for Senate.[170][171]

## Wyoming

[edit]

Wyoming election

* * *

← 2018

2030 →

|   |  |

|
|

Nominee  | John Barrasso | Scott Morrow  |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Popular vote  | 198,418 | 63,727
Percentage  | 75.11% | 24.12%

* * *

County results
Barrasso:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Morrow:      60–70%

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

John Barrasso
Republican

| Elected U.S. senator

John Barrasso
Republican

|

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Wyoming

See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming

Republican John Barrasso was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. On April 19, 2024, Barrasso announced he would run for reelection.[172] Former Postal Union president Scott Morrow was the Democratic nominee.[173]

Barrasso easily defeated his Republican primary challengers John Holtz and Reid Rasner on August 20, 2024.[174]

## See also

[edit]

* 2024 United States elections
* 2024 United States gubernatorial elections
* 2024 United States presidential election
* 2024 United States House of Representatives elections
* 118th United States Congress
* 119th United States Congress

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Majority control in an evenly divided Senate is determined by the Vice President of the United States, who has the power to break tied votes in their constitutional capacity as President of the Senate; accordingly, Senate control requires 51 seats or 50 seats with control of the vice presidency.
2. ^ The U.S. vice president, who will be determined in 2024, breaks ties in a 50–50 Senate. Republicans need 50 seats if they win the vice presidency or 51 if they do not.
3. ^ a b All 4 independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont, Angus King of Maine, Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, and Joe Manchin of West Virginia) caucus with the Senate Democrats.[2][3]
4. ^ a b Both independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont, and Angus King of Maine) caucus with the Senate Democrats.
5. ^ Before the end of the 117th Congress, Kyrsten Sinema left the Democratic Party, and became an independent. She later announced her retirement in March 2024.[18] In May 2024, Joe Manchin also announced he had left the Democratic Party, and registered as an independent, citing "broken politics" as the deciding factor in his decision.[19]
6. ^ a b c d Included two interim appointees, Laphonza Butler (California) and George Helmy (New Jersey), who did not seek election.
7. ^ a b The Independent Democrat incumbent Senators, Kyrsten Sinema and Joe Manchin, decided not to run re-election.
8. ^ a b Included the interim appointee from Nebraska (Pete Ricketts) running for election.
9. ^ Appointee elected
10. ^ The last elections for this group of senators were in 2018, except for those elected in a special election or who were appointed after the resignation or death of a sitting senator, as noted.
11. ^ a b Sinema was elected as a Democrat, and switched to being an independent in December 2022.
12. ^ In both the regular election and the special election.
13. ^ Democrat Dianne Feinstein won with 54.2% of the vote in 2018 against a fellow Democrat, but died in office on September 29, 2023.
14. ^ Republican Ben Sasse won with 62.7% of the vote in 2020, but resigned January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida.
15. ^ Democrat Bob Menendez won with 54.0% of the vote in 2018, but resigned August 20, 2024, due to criminal convictions.[36]
16. ^ a b Manchin was elected as a Democrat, and switched to being an independent in May 2024.
17. ^ Democratic total includes Independents who caucus with the Democrats.
18. ^ Montana was the "tipping-point state".
19. ^ In October 2023, Butler was appointed by Governor Gavin Newsom to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Dianne Feinstein.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c "2024 General Election 119th Senate Popular Vote and FEC Total Receipts by Party" Archived November 26, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, The Green Papers, November 22, 2024. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
2. ^ 2023 Congressional Record, Vol. 169, Page S22 (January 3, 2023)
3. ^ Svitek, Patrick. "Manchin changes party registration to independent, fueling speculation". Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 27, 2024. Retrieved June 1, 2024. "Manchin joins three other members of the Senate who identify as independents: Senators Bernie Sanders (Vermont), Angus King (Maine) and Kyrsten Sinema (Arizona), who caucus with Democrats. A Manchin spokesperson said he will continue to caucus with the Democrats."
4. ^ "Class I - Senators Whose Term of Service Expire in 2025". United States Senate. Archived from the original on March 8, 2018. Retrieved August 30, 2024. "Class I terms run from the beginning of the 116th Congress on January 3, 2019, to the end of the 118th Congress on January 3, 2025. Senators in Class I were elected to office in the November 2018 general election, unless they took their seat through appointment or special election."
5. ^ Kaufman, Anna; Mulroy, Clare (March 7, 2024). "The 2024 Senate elections are fast approaching. These are the seats up for re-election". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 16, 2024. Retrieved February 16, 2024.
6. ^ "California Senate Results 2024". nbcnews.com. January 9, 2025.
7. ^ "Nebraska Senate Results 2024". nbcnews.com. January 9, 2025.
8. ^ "US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022". dw.com. Archived from the original on February 16, 2024. Retrieved February 16, 2024.
9. ^ Kilgore, Ed (January 29, 2023). "2024 Looks Very Dark for Senate Democrats". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on February 16, 2024. Retrieved February 16, 2024.
10. ^ "GOP takes Senate majority for first time in 4 years with wins in West Virginia, Ohio and Montana". pbs.org. November 6, 2024.
11. ^ "United States Senate elections, 2024". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
12. ^ Knutson, Jacob (January 26, 2024). "Who isn't running for re-election in the House and Senate in 2024". axios.com.
13. ^ Blaine, Kyle; Iyer, Kaanita (October 19, 2023). "Laphonza Butler says she will not seek Senate seat in 2024". cnn.com.
14. ^ Jalonick, Mary Clare (September 10, 2024). "New Jersey Democrat George Helmy sworn in as replacement for Menendez in the Senate". whyy.org.
15. ^ a b Everett, Burgess; Levine, Marianne (October 5, 2022). "Sasse expected to resign from Senate". Politico. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
16. ^ a b c d Burke, Melissa Nann (January 5, 2023). "Michigan's U.S. Sen. Stabenow won't seek reelection in 2024". Detroit News. Archived from the original on February 15, 2023. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
17. ^ Johnson, Ted (September 29, 2023). "Sen. Dianne Feinstein Dies: Groundbreaking California Democrat Was 90". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
18. ^ Raju, Manu; Foran, Clare (March 5, 2024). "Kyrsten Sinema announces she is retiring from the Senate". CNN Politics. CNN. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
19. ^ Broadwater, Luke (May 31, 2024). "Manchin Becomes an Independent, Leaving Options Open for Another Run". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 22, 2024. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
20. ^ Everett, Burgess (October 5, 2022). "Senate Dems face brutal 2024 map with at least eight undecided incumbents". Politico. Archived from the original on October 5, 2022. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
21. ^ "Georgia's Runoff is the Opening Battle of the 2024 Senate Cycle". Sabato's Crystal Ball. November 16, 2022. Archived from the original on November 16, 2022. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
22. ^ Silver, Nate (November 9, 2022). "Candidate Quality Mattered". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
23. ^ Mutnick, Ally; Perano, Ursula (November 12, 2024). "Republicans won big in the Senate. A warning lurks in the purple states". Politico. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
24. ^ Cortellessa, Eric (November 6, 2024). "How Trump Won". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on November 7, 2024. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
25. ^ Montanaro, Domenico (November 8, 2024). "Why Trump won — 9 takeaways from the 2024 election". NPR. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
26. ^ Coleman, Miles (December 15, 2017). "2016 State PVI Changes – Decision Desk HQ". Decision Desk HQ. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
27. ^ "2024 Senate Race Ratings". The Cook Political Report. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
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* v
* t
* e

United States Senate elections

1788–1913
(elected by state
legislatures)|

* 1788–89
* 1790–91
* 1792–93
* 1794–95
* 1796–97
* 1798–99
* 1800–01
* 1802–03
* 1804–05
* 1806–07
* 1808–09
* 1810–11
* 1812–13
* 1814–15
* 1816–17
* 1818–19
* 1820–21
* 1822–23
* 1824–25
* 1826–27
* 1828–29
* 1830–31
* 1832–33
* 1834–35
* 1836–37
* 1838–39
* 1840–41
* 1842–43
* 1844–45
* 1846–47
* 1848–49
* 1850–51
* 1852–53
* 1854–55
* 1856–57
* 1858–59
* 1860–61
* 1862–63
* 1864–65
* 1866–67
* 1868–69
* 1870–71
* 1872–73
* 1874–75
* 1876–77
* 1878–79
* 1880–81
* 1882–83
* 1884–85
* 1886–87
* 1888–89
* 1890–91
* 1892–93
* 1894–95
* 1896–97
* 1898–99
* 1900–01
* 1902–03
* 1904–05
* 1906–07
* 1908–09
* 1910–11
* 1912–13

1914–present
(popular election)|

| Regulars
and
even-year
specials|

* 1914
* 1916
* 1918
* 1920
* 1922
* 1924
* 1926
* 1928
* 1930
* 1932
* 1934
* 1936
* 1938
* 1940
* 1942
* 1944
* 1946
* 1948
* 1950
* 1952
* 1954
* 1956
* 1958
* 1960
* 1962
* 1964
* 1966
* 1968
* 1970
* 1972
* 1974
* 1976
* 1978
* 1980
* 1982
* 1984
* 1986
* 1988
* 1990
* 1992
* 1994
* 1996
* 1998
* 2000
* 2002
* 2004
* 2006
* 2008
* 2010
* 2012
* 2014
* 2016
* 2018
* 2020
* 2022
* 2024
* 2026
* 2028
* 2030

|

Odd-year
specials|

* 1913
* Georgia
* Maryland
* 1921
* 1923
* 1925
* 1931
* 1933
* 1937
* 1941
* 1947
* 1949
* 1957
* 1959
* 1961
* 1974–75
* 1983
* 1991
* 1993
* 2013
* 2017
* 2020–21
* List of all specials

Elections by state|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* District of Columbia
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

* Special elections
* Election disputes
* Results by state
* List of US elections
* House elections
* Presidential elections
* Gubernatorial elections

* v
* t
* e

(2023 ←)   2024 United States elections   (→ 2025)

U.S.
President|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* District of Columbia
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming
* Straw polls
* Guam
* Puerto Rico

U.S.
Senate|

* Arizona
* California
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Hawaii
* Indiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nebraska (special)
* Nevada
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

U.S.
House
(election
ratings)|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* American Samoa
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* 16th
* 20th sp
* 30th
* 45th
* 47th
* Colorado
* 4th sp
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* District of Columbia
* Florida
* Georgia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* 6th
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* 10th sp
* New Mexico
* New York
* 3rd sp
* 26th sp
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Ohio
* 6th sp
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Puerto Rico
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* 18th sp
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* U.S. Virgin Islands
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* 8th sp
* Wyoming

Governors|

* American Samoa
* Delaware
* Indiana
* Missouri
* Montana
* New Hampshire
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Puerto Rico
* Utah
* Vermont
* Washington
* West Virginia

Lieutenant
governors|

* Delaware
* Missouri
* North Carolina
* Vermont
* Washington

Attorneys
general|

* Indiana
* Missouri
* Montana
* North Carolina
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Utah
* Vermont
* Washington
* West Virginia

Secretaries
of state|

* Missouri
* Montana
* North Carolina
* Oregon
* Vermont
* Washington
* West Virginia

State
treasurers|

* Arkansas (special)
* Missouri
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Utah
* Vermont
* Washington
* West Virginia

Judicial|

* Alabama
* Supreme Court
* Civil Appeals
* Criminal Appeals
* Arkansas
* Arizona
* Georgia
* Guam
* Kentucky
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* North Carolina
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wyoming

Other
statewide
elections|

* Alabama
* Board of Education
* Public Service Commission
* Arizona
* Corporation Commission
* Delaware
* Insurance Commissioner
* Georgia
* Judicial
* Montana
* Auditor
* Superintendent
* New Hampshire
* Executive Council
* North Carolina
* Council of State
* North Dakota
* Auditor
* Insurance Commissioner
* Superintendent
* Public Service Commissioner
* Oklahoma
* Corporation Commissioner
* Pennsylvania
* Auditor General
* Texas
* Railroad Commissioner
* Utah
* Auditor
* Vermont
* Auditor
* Washington
* Auditor
* Land Commissioner
* Insurance Commissioner
* Superintendent
* West Virginia
* Auditor
* Agriculture Commissioner

State
legislative|

* Alaska
* House
* Senate
* Arizona
* House
* Senate
* Arkansas
* House
* Senate
* California
* Assembly
* Senate
* Colorado
* House
* Senate
* Connecticut
* House
* Senate
* Delaware
* House
* Senate
* Florida
* House
* Senate
* Georgia
* House
* Senate
* Hawaii
* House
* Senate
* Idaho
* House
* Senate
* Illinois
* House
* Senate
* Indiana
* House
* Senate
* Iowa
* House
* Senate
* Kansas
* House
* Senate
* Kentucky
* House
* Senate
* Maine
* House
* Senate
* Massachusetts
* House
* Senate
* Michigan
* House
* Minnesota
* House
* Missouri
* House
* Senate
* Montana
* House
* Senate
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* Assembly
* Senate
* New Hampshire
* House
* Senate
* New Mexico
* House
* Senate
* New York
* Assembly
* Senate
* North Carolina
* House
* Senate
* North Dakota
* House
* Senate
* Ohio
* House
* Senate
* Oklahoma
* House
* Senate
* Oregon
* House
* Senate
* Pennsylvania
* House
* Senate
* Puerto Rico
* House
* Senate
* Rhode Island
* House
* Senate
* South Carolina
* House
* Senate
* South Dakota
* House
* Senate
* Tennessee
* House
* Senate
* Texas
* House
* Senate
* Utah
* House
* Senate
* Vermont
* House
* Senate
* Washington
* House
* Senate
* West Virginia
* House
* Senate
* Wisconsin
* Assembly
* Senate
* Wyoming
* House
* Senate
* Special elections

Mayors|

* Alexandria, VA
* Anchorage, AK
* Austin, TX
* Bakersfield, CA
* Baltimore, MD
* Baton Rouge, LA
* Bridgeport, CT
* Burlington, VT
* Cheyenne, WY
* El Paso, TX
* Fayetteville, AR
* Fort Lauderdale, FL
* Fresno, CA
* Grand Rapids, MI
* Honolulu, HI
* Huntington, WV
* Huntsville, AL
* Irvine, CA
* Las Vegas, NV
* Lubbock, TX
* Mesa, AZ
* Miami-Dade County, FL
* Milwaukee, WI
* Phoenix, AZ
* Portland, OR
* Pueblo, CO
* Raleigh, NC
* Richmond, VA
* Riverside, CA
* Sacramento, CA
* Salt Lake County, UT
* San Diego, CA
* San Francisco, CA
* San Jose, CA
* Stockton, CA
* Tulsa, OK
* Virginia Beach, VA
* Wilmington, DE

Local|

* Alameda County, CA (recall)
* Chicago, IL
* Bring Chicago Home
* Board of Education
* Louisville, KY
* Los Angeles, CA
* Los Angeles County, CA
* Maricopa County, AZ
* Board of Supervisors
* New Castle County, DE
* Multnomah County, OR
* Orange County, CA
* Portland, OR
* City Auditor
* City Council
* San Diego, CA
* San Francisco, CA
* Board of Supervisors
* District Attorney
* San Mateo County, CA
* Tulsa, OK
* Washington, D.C.

States and
territories|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* American Samoa
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Puerto Rico
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* U.S. Virgin Islands
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* Washington, D.C.
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Ballot
measures|

* Alabama
* Amendment 1
* Alaska
* Ballot Measure 2
* Arizona
* Proposition 139
* California
* Proposition 1
* Proposition 2
* Proposition 3
* Proposition 4
* Proposition 5
* Proposition 6
* Proposition 32
* Proposition 33
* Proposition 34
* Proposition 35
* Proposition 36
* Colorado
* Amendment 79
* Amendment 80
* Amendment I
* Amendment J
* Proposition 127
* Proposition 128
* Proposition 129
* Proposition 131
* District of Columbia
* Initiative 83
* Florida
* Amendment 3
* Amendment 4
* Hawaii
* Amendment 1
* Idaho
* open primary initiative
* Kentucky
* Amendment 2
* Maine
* Question 1
* Question 5
* Maryland
* Question 1
* Missouri
* Amendment 3
* Montana
* Initiative 128
* Nebraska
* Initiative 434
* Initiative 439
* Nevada
* Question 6
* New York
* Proposal 1
* Ohio
* Issue 1
* Oregon
* Measure 115
* Measure 116
* Measure 117
* Measure 118
* Measure 119
* Puerto Rico
* Status
* South Dakota
* Amendment E
* Amendment G
* Amendment H
* Wyoming
* Amendment A

* v
* t
* e

118th United States Congress

Elections|

* House
* 2023 special elections
* 2024 special elections
* January Speaker of the House election
* October Speaker of the House election
* Senate
* 2024 special elections
* List of new members

Events|

* Hearing on antisemitism
* Debt-ceiling crisis
* Impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas
* Removal of Kevin McCarthy as Speaker of the House

Laws passed|

*     * All bills
* All acts
* ADVANCE Act
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024
* Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act
* COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023
* Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023
* Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
* Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024
* Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024
* National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024
* Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act
* Public Law 118-50
* National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025

*[Conn.]: Connecticut
*[Va.]: Virginia
*[R.I.]: Rhode Island
*[Pa.]: Pennsylvania
*[N.Y.]: New York
*[N.M.]: New Mexico
*[Nev.]: Nevada
*[Mont.]: Montana
*[Minn.]: Minnesota
*[Mass.]: Massachusetts
*[Wash.]: Washington
*[Wis.]: Wisconsin
*[Calif.]: California
*[Del.]: Delaware
*[Md.]: Maryland
*[Mich.]: Michigan
*[N.J.]: New Jersey
*[Vt.]: Vermont
*[Ariz.]: Arizona
*[Mo.]: Missouri
*[Neb. (reg)]: Nebraska (regular)
*[Neb. (sp)]: Nebraska (special)
*[N.D.]: North Dakota
*[Tenn.]: Tennessee
*[Wyo.]: Wyoming
*[Ind.]: Indiana
*[W.Va.]: West Virginia
*[Miss.]: Mississippi
*[Fla.]: Florida
*[Wisc.]: Wisconsin
*[Ref]: Reference
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[VA]: Virginia
*[AK]: Alaska
*[TX]: Texas
*[CA]: California
*[MD]: Maryland
*[LA]: Louisiana
*[CT]: Connecticut
*[VT]: Vermont
*[WY]: Wyoming
*[AR]: Arkansas
*[FL]: Florida
*[MI]: Michigan
*[HI]: Hawaii
*[WV]: West Virginia
*[AL]: Alabama
*[NV]: Nevada
*[AZ]: Arizona
*[WI]: Wisconsin
*[OR]: Oregon
*[CO]: Colorado
*[NC]: North Carolina
*[UT]: Utah
*[OK]: Oklahoma
*[DE]: Delaware
*[KY]: Kentucky