2024 Venezuelan political crisis

Protests following 2024 Venezuelan presidential election

The 2024 Venezuelan political crisis refers to the ongoing crisis in Venezuela that continued after the 28 July 2024 presidential election results were announced.[1][2][3] The 2024 election was held to choose a president for a six-year term beginning on 10 January 2025.[4][5] Incumbent Nicolás Maduro ran for a third consecutive term, while former diplomat Edmundo González Urrutia represented the Unitary Platform (Spanish: Plataforma Unitaria Democrática; PUD), the main opposition political alliance, after the Venezuelan government barred leading candidate María Corina Machado from participating.[6][7]

The election has been politically contentious, with international monitors calling it neither free nor fair,[8] citing the Maduro administration having controlled most institutions and repressed the political opposition before and during the election.[4][9] Academics, news outlets and the opposition provided "strong evidence" according to The Guardian.[10] to suggest that González won the election by a wide margin.[11][12]

The government-controlled National Electoral Council (CNE) announced results claiming a narrow Maduro victory on 29 July. The CNE's results were rejected by the Carter Center and by the Organization of American States (OAS),[13] and the United Nations declared that there was "no precedent in contemporary democratic elections" for announcing a winner without providing tabulated results.[14] Some world leaders rejected the CNE's claimed results and recognized González as the election winner,[12][15][16] while some other countries, including Russia, China, Iran, and Cuba recognized Maduro as the winner.[17] Political scientist Steven Levitsky called the official results "one of the most egregious electoral frauds in modern Latin American history".[18]

A 6 August article in The New York Times stated that the CNE declaration that Maduro won "plunged Venezuela into a political crisis that has claimed at least 22 lives in violent demonstrations, led to the jailing of more than 2,000 people and provoked global denunciation."[2] In the aftermath of the government's announcement of falsified results, protests broke out across the country, as the Maduro administration initiated Operation Tun Tun, a crackdown on dissent, and detained opposition political figures while refusing to relinquish power. Criminalization of protest was widely condemned by human rights organizations.[19]

Crisis in Venezuela

Causes

* Bolivarian Revolution
* Chavismo
* Economic policy under Hugo Chávez
* Economic policy under Nicolás Maduro

* * *

Effects

* Refugee crisis
* Blackouts
* Energy crisis
* Defections
* International sanctions
* Interventions of political parties
* Piracy
* Shortages
* Venezuela–Colombia migrant crisis
* Hyperinflation
* Catatumbo campaign
* Xenophobic incidents
* Pemon conflict

* * *

Events

* Dakazo
* La Salida
* Arrest of Antonio Ledezma
* 2016 recall movement
* 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis
* Lima Group
* 2018 re-election campaign of Nicolás Maduro
* Venezuelan presidential crisis
* 2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela
* Venezuela Aid Live
* COVID-19 pandemic
* 2022 recall movement
* 2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries
* 2024 Venezuelan political crisis

* * *

Elections

* 2013 presidential election
* 2015 parliamentary election
* 2017 referendum
* 2017 Constituent Assembly election
* 2018 presidential election
* 2020 parliamentary election
* 2023 referendum
* 2024 Venezuelan presidential election

* * *

Protests

* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2024 Venezuelan protests

* * *

Timeline

* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019

* * *

Armed violence

* Caracas helicopter incident
* 2017 National Assembly attack
* Attack on Fort Paramacay
* El Junquito raid
* Caracas drone attack
* 2019 uprising attempt
* 2020 Barquisimeto shooting
* Operation Gideon (2020)
* 2021 Apure clashes
* 2022 Arauca clashes

Venezuela portal

* v
* t
* e

## Initial reactions to election results

[edit]

On 30 July, the Carter Center issued a harsh rebuke of the election authorities,[20][21] stating there was a "complete lack of transparency" and that the election "cannot be considered democratic".[22]

### Fraud allegations

[edit]

Further information: 2024 Venezuelan presidential election § Sequences of zeros in the CNE values

Anne Applebaum wrote in The Atlantic that it "was absolutely clear by [31 July] that ... the election had been stolen".[23] Independent observers have described the election results as arbitrary, even by Venezuelan standards, according to The Guardian.[24]

Political scientist Steven Levitsky called the vote "one of the most egregious electoral frauds in modern Latin American history."[18]

### Domestic

[edit]

Machado and González along with his wife, addressing the nation in front of the United Nations Development Programme office in Caracas, 2024

Supporting the PUD/González win announcement, María Corina Machado and Edmundo González rejected the results from the CNE and claimed victory.[25] González, at an event accompanied by Machado, said "The Venezuelans and the entire world know what happened ... Our struggle continues and we will not rest until the will of the Venezuelan people is respected".[25]

Supporting the CNE's announcement of his victory, Maduro described the result as "a triumph of peace and stability".[26] On 31 July, Maduro alleged that the US was fomenting civil war in Venezuela.[27] Although still maintaining that he won, Maduro acknowledged the unrest in Venezuela. He blamed the turmoil on "international Zionism", referencing an antisemitic trope that Jews control the world.[28][29]

A Meganálisis poll of 1,007 people in Venezuela from 8 to 11 August found that 93% of respondents believe Maduro lost the election, with the majority of Venezuelans expressing anger, anxiety, indignation, and feelings of helplessness after the election. Venezuelans who responded that they were happy were 2.8%, and the poll found that 40% hoped to leave the country before the end of 2024.[30]

### International

[edit]

Main article: International reactions to the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election

The election results released by the government-controlled National Electoral Council (CNE) were followed by a mixture of scepticism and criticism from the leaders of most Latin American countries. Some Latin American countries—including Cuba, Honduras, and Nicaragua—recognized and congratulated Maduro as the election winner.[16][15] Some world leaders expressed skepticism of the claimed results and did not recognize the CNE claims;[15][17][16] however, The Washington Post reported that "Russia, China, Iran and Cuba were among those to congratulate Maduro".[17]

Map showing the countries that have declared Edmundo González the winner of the presidential election

President Gabriel Boric of Chile was the first foreign leader to question the CNE result, stating that the "results are difficult to believe".[31] President Daniel Noboa of Ecuador warned that "that is the danger of dictatorship, and today we are witnessing how one more of them tries to take hope away from millions of Venezuelans."[16] Condemnation from some countries, including Costa Rica, El Salvador, Peru and Uruguay described the CNE result in terms of fraud or corruption.[16][15][31] Harsh criticism came from President Javier Milei of Argentina, who called Maduro a dictator.[16][32]

The three leftist presidents of Brazil, Colombia and Mexico[23][33][34] were quick in demanding that all votes be counted, along with full transparency of all ballot records from each precinct.[35] Mexico and Colombia rejected the results and called for transparency and verification.[5][16] The Colombian government called for the "total vote count, its verification and independent audit to be carried out as soon as possible".[16] President Luís Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil called the controversy a "normal" process, but asked for the release of the total vote tally.[36] President Andrés Manuel López Obrador of Mexico said on 30 July that the vote tallies should be publicized, but he saw no evidence of fraud.[37] On 1 August, the three presidents released a joint statement of concern over post-election violence, and asking for "impartial verification of results"[34] quickly, at the disaggregated level.[38] Officials from the three nations—whose governments are allied with Maduro according to the Associated Press (AP)—have worked with the government and the opposition, "seeking a solution to the country's political crisis".[39] The AP writes that the opposition has reason to be wary of recommendations from this group to "follow Venezuelan laws and appear before the appropriate institutions", since the "ruling party controls every aspect of government, including the justice system, and uses it to defeat and repress real and perceived opponents".[39]

United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken initially expressed doubts about the veracity of the results from the CNE,[16][40] and on 1 August, said there was "overwhelming evidence" that González won.[41] He called for talks and a peaceful transition,[27] but the US has not referred to González as president-elect.[42][a] The Miami Herald wrote on 7 August that Mark Wells, a State Department official, suggested in a phone call with reporters that the US was deferring to ongoing negotiations between Maduro and the Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, while spokesperson Matthew Miller said they weren't yet endorsing a president-elect.[42]

The day after the election, nine Latin American countries (Argentina, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay[46][47]) called for an emergency meeting of the OAS, for 31 July.[48][49] The member states did not reach consensus on a resolution.[50][51] OAS Secretary General Luis Almagro—referencing the ongoing investigation in the International Criminal Court (ICC) of Venezuela for crimes against humanity—said he would petition the ICC for the arrest of Maduro. Prior to the election, Maduro had stated that if he did not win, there would be a "bloodbath, a civil war"; Almagro said Maduro was fulfilling that promise and it was time for justice.[52]

### Diplomatic and commercial relations

[edit]

Peru was the first country to recognize González as Venezuela's president-elect, on 30 July.[53][54] Peru had recalled its ambassador from Venezuela on 29 July,[16][32] and expelled the Venezuelan diplomats from Peru the next day.[55][56] In response, Venezuela severed diplomatic relations with Peru.[53][57]

Panama suspended diplomatic relations with Venezuela.[58] Venezuela also expelled diplomats from Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Panama and Uruguay; as of 1 August, Brazil took over running the Caracas embassies of Argentina and Peru.[57][59] Venezuela suspended flights between Venezuela and both Panama and the Dominican Republic after those countries requested a review of the election results.[60] It also ordered the temporary suspension of flights to Peru.[61]

Maduro ordered Argentina to abandon its embassy in Caracas within 72 hours, by 1 August, and cut power to the embassy residence, which was surrounded by security forces. The Argentine Embassy has given asylum to six of Machado's campaign workers since December 2023, when the Maduro administration sought their arrest while she was still a presidential candidate. The Argentine government said the asylum seekers must be given safe passage to leave with embassy personnel, but the Maduro administration did not agree to that condition;[62][63] Brazil assumed mediation of the situation with the asylum seekers in the embassy residence after Argentine diplomats were expelled.[57] Costa Rica has offered asylum to the six; international law affords protection of diplomatic personnel and political asylum seekers.[64] Argentina recognized González as president-elect on 7 August.[65][66]

## Aftermath

[edit]

### Protests

[edit]

Main article: 2024 Venezuelan protests

Demonstrators took to the streets of Caracas to protest the CNE results

Venezuelan citizens who considered the results to be fraudulent took to the streets to protest.[67][68][69]

As of 15 August, 25 people had been killed during protests nationwide.[30] According to Victims Monitor, those included a 15-year-old; all were shot, and "eight were linked to the military, three to police and seven to the pro-Maduro motorcycle gangs known as 'colectivos'."[70] Statues of Maduro's predecessor, Hugo Chávez were also pulled down.[71]

According to Infobae a "forceful statement following the electoral fraud in Venezuela and the criminalization of protests" was published on 1 August by Amnesty International in a joint statement with ten other human rights organizations that "condemned the repressive actions of the Nicolás Maduro regime in Venezuela and demanded that it guarantee the right to protest and full respect for the rights to life, personal integrity and freedom".[72][19]

### Alleged cyberattack on electoral system

[edit]

On 29 July, CNE head Elvis Amoroso stated that during the election, CNE had been the victim of a cyberattack originating in North Macedonia, and accused the opposition of orchestrating it.[73] Stefan Andonovski, Minister of Digital Transformation for North Macedonia, stated that "this is a socialist regime that for years has often leaked information not supported by evidence and accuses interested parties and states that have no responsibility in such cases."[74][75] Jennie Lincoln from the Carter Center said there was no evidence of a cyberattack, including from "companies that monitor and know when there is a denial of service".[75]

### Crackdown

[edit]

Main article: Operation Tun Tun

Poster from NGO Foro Penal of incidents they have verified as of 18 August[76]

Maduro accuses the opposition of promoting a coup.[77] In a crackdown by security forces following the elections,[62][78][70] he mentioned using Operation Tun Tun; BBC News stated that "rights groups say it consists of the authorities going door-to-door to detain those with links to the protests or the opposition".[77] Rafael Uzcategui of Laboratorio de Paz "suggested the operation was intended to terrify Venezuelans into submission", adding that "what we are seeing is simply an effort to sew [sic] a climate of terror", according to The Guardian.[79]

Maduro personally encouraged individuals to report those protesting the CNE election result through an internet application, VenApp.[62] Another internet page created by the government allows users to post media of protesters where they can be identified by other users.[62]

The Maduro administration reported that at least 2,400 people had been arrested as of 16 August.[80] Maduro ordered two prisons to be rehabilitated to contain the detained.[81][82] Venezuelans are reportedly leaving their homes without carrying their phones, out of fear that authorities will stop them on the street to search their phones for dissident content.[83][80]

Venezuelan human rights organization Foro Penal reported on 18 August they had been able to verify 1,503 arrests, including 129 adolescents, during the post-electoral period beginning the day after the elections.[76][80]

On 2 August, Vente Venezuela said its offices in Caracas were attacked by six armed individuals who ransacked the premises.[84]

Additionally, in an attempt to stop opposition within the military and his own government, Maduro divided his security personnel into fragmented units. This tactic, known as "coup proofing", makes consolidating power within ranks more challenging.[85]

### Charges against Machado and González

[edit]

Diosdado Cabello and Jorge Rodríguez suggested two days after the election that Machado and González go to prison.[74][86][87] Agreeing with Rodriguez and Cabello, Maduro asked authorities to apply "maximum justice" to Machado and González, accusing them of being leaders of violent groups.[88] Costa Rica offered political asylum to opposition politicians, including González, Machado, and those hosted by the Argentine Embassy in Caracas;[89][90] Machado responded that she would "continue the struggle".[91]

On 1 August, Machado published a letter in The Wall Street Journal, stating that she had gone in to hiding "fearing for my life, my freedom, and that of my fellow countrymen from the dictatorship of Nicolás Maduro"; in the letter, she laid out the evidence she said she had from the vote tallies supporting PUD's win, and stated that Maduro had expelled witnesses from the polls, while the witnesses "protected the voter receipts with their lives throughout the night" of the elections.[92]

Machado came out of hiding to appear at the demonstration in Las Mercedes, Caracas on 3 August;[93] she appeared again in Caracas on 17 August for the Great World Protest for the Truth.[94]

The Miami Herald reported that in a 19 August interview with Últimas Noticias, when Tarek Saab, Venezuela's attorney general, was asked if Machado would be charged with homicide, he responded: "At any moment, any of them could be charged and held responsible as the intellectual authors of all these events".[95][96] Saab, who is under sanctions for multiple alleged offenses, is charged by human rights organizations as "being one of the key people in the regime's efforts to use the Venezuelan justice system as an instrument of political persecution".[95] Saab held Machado and González responsible for what he said were a series of events directed from the United States.[95] A few days before Saab's statement, the Colombian Peace & Reconciliation Foundation (Pares) had released its third report on election violence in Venezuela, stating that most of the victims during the election were "members of the main opposition parties", and that over 91% of the violent acts were committed by Venezuelan security forces.[95][97][98]

### Charges and arrests of other politicians and journalists

[edit]

Further information: Operation Tun Tun

Freddy Superlano, a former candidate, was detained by masked men two days after the election.[99][78][100] Shortly before, Cabello had announced that the arrest of ten opposition leaders was planned.[101][74] A week later, attorney Joel García [es] confirmed that Superlano and journalist Roland Carreño [es] (who also worked for the Popular Will party[77]) were held in El Helicoide on unknown charges.[102] Representatives of Superlano's party said they were told by chavista informants that Superlano would be tortured to "make him confess to the false plan set up by regime spokesmen such as Tarek William Saab".[74][103]

The same day that Superlano was detained, Ricardo Estévez, an advisor with Vente Venezuela, was taken from his residence by armed men in unmarked cars.[104][77] Rafael Sivira, the youth coordinator for opposition party Radical Cause, and another unidentified person were also detained.[105]

Vente Venezuela politician María Oropeza livestreamed as security forces broke into her residence without a search warrant and arrested her two hours after she described the ongoing detentions as a "witch hunt".[79][106] The Venezuelan SNTP (Syndicate of National Press Workers [es]) denounced that reporter Yousner Alvarado and cameraman Paúl León were arrested shortly after the election, and photographer Deysi Penna was detained on 2 August. That same day, Chilean National Television said its journalist Iván Núñez and his cameraman José Luis Tapia were arrested.[107]

### Allegations of persecution of poll watchers

[edit]

Opposition leaders said that citizens who witnessed the vote tally sheets in the electoral process (poll watchers) were persecuted and detained.[62] The CNE had their contact data; Maduro accused them of being guerillas, according to NTN24.[108] Many poll watchers reportedly have "fled their homes in fear".[62]

### Legislative changes

[edit]

The legislature passed a new law "to more tightly regulate non-governmental organizations, amid criticism of a government crackdown".[109]

### Transparency in vote reporting and TSJ audit

[edit]

Opposition leaders, world leaders and observers urged Maduro to make the vote tallies at the polling station level public,[110] which had not happened as of 16 August.[111]

Maduro approached the Supreme Tribunal of Justice on 1 August and, according to the BBC, "took the unusual step" of asking the court to audit and approve the results.[110] BBC journalist Vanessa Buschschlüter called the members of the court "overwhelmingly government loyalists",[110] while El País described it as under PSUV control.[112] The BBC stated that this process is "likely to be conducted behind closed doors" where only the TSJ members will see the tallies. The Carter Center, anticipating this move, stated that "the TSJ is another government institution, appointed by the government ...  not an independent assessment".[110] This move was seen as a means to delay the process while giving the appearance of compliance.[110] A former member of opposition figure Juan Guaidó's cabinet told O Globo that this was done in an attempt to stall the opposition and give the results a veneer of legitimacy.[113]

On 7 August, Edmundo González said he would not respond to a court summons issued by the TSJ as part of its audit procedures, citing procedural irregularities and concerns for his safety and saying the summons violated due process.[114][115]

Brazil, Colombia and Mexico released a joint statement on 8 August that distanced themselves from the TSJ audit, according to El País, writing that "CNE has the legal mandate to transparently publish electoral results", while calling again for the release of the vote tallies.[116]

### Ongoing censorship

[edit]

See also: 2024 Venezuelan presidential election § Censorship

A few hours after publication of Machado's 1 August letter in The Wall Street Journal, according to VE Sin Filtro [es], that newspaper was blocked by some providers in Venezuela.[107]

On 8 August, Maduro ordered that X (formerly Twitter) be blocked for ten days in Venezuela;[117][118] at 3 pm Venezuelan time, VE Sin Filtro announced the block was effective.[119]

### Emigration crisis

[edit]

Further information: Venezuelan refugee crisis

Following on the repression and crackdown on dissent by the Maduro administration, a Meganálisis poll of 1,007 people from 8 August to 11 August indicated that over 40% of Venezuelans intend to leave the country soon. Meganálisis's results show that 600,000 Venezuelans intend to emigrate by mid-September, and another 930,000 hope to emigrate by December, joining the already 7.7 million in the Venezuelan diaspora.[30]

Concerns about another Venezuelan refugee crisis have emerged since the election; millions of people who expected change from the election are likely to flee to countries that are already strained from accepting large numbers of Venezuelan immigrants.[120] Such a large migration would exacerbate the border crisis in the US and have a "devastating effect" on other countries in Latin America.[30][120]

## Transition proposals

[edit]

See also: Puntofijo Pact

Negotiated peaceful transition of power proposals include an exit deal[121][122][123] and power-sharing;[124] repeating the election was also proposed.[125]

### Opposition proposal: peaceful, negotiated transition

[edit]

González had expressed willingness to negotiate a transfer of power with Maduro, which included not persecuting his party and giving it a place in the National Assembly.[122]

Machado said the opposition was willing to negotiate for Maduro to recognize González's win, according to Nora Gámez Torres writing in the Miami Herald on 8 August. Machado presented four negotiating points:[123]

1. Recognize the 28 July results, in
2. an "orderly and stable democratic transition" with
3. "guarantees, safeguards, and incentives" for a rapid outcome that
4. "has to be a negotiation in which the people of Venezuela, the leaders that the people of Venezuela trust and the sectors of civil society are represented".[123]

Gámez Torres wrote that "there is no evidence that the Maduro regime is willing to negotiate with the opposition", adding that he "has threatened to jail" them. Former Colombian vice-president Francisco Santos Calderón opined that, with respect to the TSJ audit, "Maduro would use the legal maneuver to validate fake results presented by the electoral council, discredit the data presented by the opposition and eventually arrest Gonzalez and Machado".[123]

Machado welcomed the efforts by Brazil and Colombia, but said the electoral victory was non-negotiable and the opposition would not agree to power-sharing.[123]

### Brazil, Colombia proposal: repeat election

[edit]

Brazilian President Lula and Colombian President Petro, leftist allies of Maduro who had been pressing him to release the vote tallies, proposed instead on 15 August that the election should be repeated—Venezuelan law provides for that possibility if an election is annulled.[125][1] At the same time, Lula made his strongest criticism of Maduro since the election, stating that the Venezuela administration has an "authoritarian slant" and is "a very unpleasant regime", while again calling for Maduro to release the vote tallies.[111]

The opposition and the Maduro government each rejected the idea—both stating they had already won.[126][127]

US President Biden seemed to have endorsed the proposal, but White House spokespersons later seemed to suggest he was referring to something else.[125][1][126]

Mexican President López stated on 15 August that he did not consider the proposal by Brazil and Colombia to be "prudent", that he had not spoken with the presidents of those countries since 1 August, and that he had no plans to continue dialogue with them until the TSJ issues a ruling; he did not endorse Maduro as the winner of the election, but criticized those countries and organizations that have declared that González won, adding that Mexico is "not in favor of one or the other".[128][129][130]

### US: amnesty proposal

[edit]

On 19 July 2024, Elliott Abrams, diplomat and former special representative of the Trump administration for Venezuela, suggested that the United States should offer amnesty to Maduro.[131][121]

The US denied[132][133] an 11 August report in The Wall Street Journal that it had offered Maduro amnesty in exchange for him conceding the election;[134] a senior US official told the Miami Herald that the US "has not offered Nicolás Maduro and his aides any form of amnesty to leave power in Venezuela, but is open to all possibilities", and White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre confirmed the denial.[132]

### Power-sharing proposals

[edit]

Venezuelan economist and former advisor to the National Assembly Francisco Rodríguez argued in favor of a peaceful transition of power to be initiated via a power-sharing agreement similar to that of the 1989 Polish Round Table Agreement and Contract Sejm in Poland.[124] Using the March 2020 US proposal "Democratic Transition Framework for Venezuela" as a starting point,[135] he suggested that Maduro would symbolically retain the presidency, Maduro's supporters would retain the security and police ministries, and the opposition would have a prime minister and the rest of the cabinet.[124]

On 15 August, Brazilian president Lula and Colombian president Petro proposed power-sharing. Maduro and the opposition rejected the proposal.[111]

### Other proposals

[edit]

Panama's president stated on 9 August that at least seven regional leaders said they would attend a regional summit he proposed, which could be held a week later in the Dominican Republic.[136]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ The Washington Post,[27]The Wall Street Journal,[43] and Reuters[44] say that Blinken did not recognize González as president-elect; The Guardian says that he did.[45]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Sa Pessoa, Gabriela; Garcia Cano, Regina (15 August 2024). "Venezuela's opposition faces setback after countries suggest repeat of presidential election". Associated Press. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
2. ^ a b Kurmanaev, Anatoly (6 August 2024). "Venezuela's Strongman Was Confident of Victory. Then Came the Shock". New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
3. ^ Buitrago, Deisy; Nava, Mariela (18 August 2024). "Venezuelan opposition protests as election dispute drags on". Reuters. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
4. ^ a b Otis, John; Kahn, Carrie (26 July 2024). "What to know about Venezuela's election, as Maduro faces stiff opposition". NPR. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
5. ^ a b "Venezuela Will Hold Presidential Elections On July 28: Official". Barrons.com. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
6. ^ "Líder da oposição nas pesquisas, María Corina Machado é inabilitada por 15 anos na Venezuela". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 June 2023. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
7. ^ "Venezuela's Supreme Court disqualifies opposition leader from running for president". 27 January 2024. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
8. ^ Glatsky, Genevieve (31 July 2024). "Venezuela's Election Was Deeply Flawed. Here's How". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 August 2024. "It had already been clear for months that Venezuela's presidential election on Sunday, would not be free or fair, as the government jailed opposition leaders or disqualified them from running for office, and prevented millions of Venezuelans abroad from voting."
9. ^ "Maduro regime doubles down on censorship and repression in lead-up to Venezuelan election". ICIJ. 24 July 2024. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
10. ^ Rogero, Tiago (6 August 2024). "Evidence shows Venezuela's election was stolen – but will Maduro budge?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 August 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
11. ^ Kurmanaev, Anatoly; Singer, Ethan (31 July 2024). "Election Results Presented by Venezuela's Opposition Suggest Maduro Lost Decisively". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024. "The Times analysis shows that the election tallies provided by the researchers are not compatible with a victory by Mr. Maduro, by any margin."
12. ^ a b Wells, Ione (2 August 2024). "Overwhelming evidence Venezuela opposition won election - Blinken". BBC News. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
13. ^ "Informe del Departamento para la Cooperación y Observación Electoral (DECO) de la Secretaría para el Fortalecimiento de la Democracia de la OEA sobre la elección presidencial de Venezuela para el Secretario General Luis Almagro" [Report of the Department for Electoral Cooperation and Observation (DECO) of the Secretariat for the Strengthening of Democracy of the OAS on the presidential election of Venezuela for the Secretary General Luis Almagro] (PDF) (in Spanish). Organization of American States. 30 July 2024. Wikidata d:Q128129159. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
14. ^ Goodman, Joshua (13 August 2024). "UN expert panel sent to Venezuela blasts lack of transparency in presidential elections". Associated Press. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
15. ^ a b c d Jones, Sam (29 July 2024). "'Hard to believe': Venezuela election result met with suspicion abroad". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Leaders across Americas react to Venezuela election results". Reuters. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
17. ^ a b c Schmidt, Samantha; Sands, Leo; Herrero, Vanessa (29 July 2024). "World leaders cast doubt on Maduro's claim of victory in Venezuelan election". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
18. ^ a b Turkewitz, Julie (30 July 2024). "What Happened to Venezuela's Democracy?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
19. ^ a b "Venezuela: International organizations condemn the high levels of violence and repression and demand that the authorities guarantee the right to protest and full respect for the rights to life, personal integrity and freedom" (Press release). Amnesty International. 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
20. ^ "Carter Center unable to verify Venezuela election results, blasts officials for lack of transparency". Associated Press. 30 July 2024.
21. ^ "El Centro Carter consideró que las elecciones presidenciales en Venezuela 'no pueden considerarse democráticas'" [Carter Center considers Venezuelan presidential elections 'cannot be considered democratic']. infobae (in Spanish). 31 July 2024.
22. ^ "Carter Center Statement on Venezuela Election" (Press release). Carter Center. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
23. ^ a b Applebaum, Anne (31 July 2024). "Venezuela's Dictator Can't Even Lie Well". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024. "In the hours after the polls closed, much of the international media had refrained from stating the obvious. 'BREAKING:,' the Associated Press tweeted on Monday. 'Venezuela's President Nicolás Maduro is declared the winner in the presidential election amid opposition claims of irregularities.' But by Tuesday morning, it was absolutely clear that the election was not merely irregular or tainted or disputed: The election had been stolen."
24. ^ Torres, Patricia; Phillips, Tom; Rogero, Tiago; Jones, Sam (29 July 2024). "Venezuela on a knife-edge as opposition accuses Maduro of rigging election". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
25. ^ a b Garcia Cano, Regina (29 July 2024). "Venezuela election live updates: Opposition claims victory after Maduro was declared the winner". Associated Press. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
26. ^ Buschschlüter, Vanessa (29 July 2024). "Venezuela's Maduro declared winner in disputed vote". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
27. ^ a b c Schmidt, Samantha; Brown, Matthew (1 August 2024). "U.S. says Maduro lost Venezuelan election, calls for talks, transition". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2 August 2024. "Blinken did not say the United States was recognizing González as Venezuela's president."
28. ^ Cramer, Philissa (8 August 2024). "Venezuela's Maduro blames 'international Zionism' for unrest after disputed vote". The Times of Israel.
29. ^ Starr, Michael (6 August 2024). "Maduro: 'International Zionism' behind civil unrest in Venezuela". The Jerusalem Post.
30. ^ a b c d Delgado, Antonio Maria; Ortiz Blanes, Syra (14 August 2024). "A hundred thousand Venezuelans are considering leaving the country right now, poll says". Miami Herald. Yahoo News. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
31. ^ a b Lorena Arroyo; Federico Rivas Molina (29 July 2024). "Venezuela declares Maduro winner of election, but US and others question the result". El Pais. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
32. ^ a b "Venezuela election live updates: Opposition claims victory after Maduro was declared the winner". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
33. ^ "The Guardian view on Venezuela's elections: making the people's votes count". 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
34. ^ a b Osborn, Catherine (1 August 2024). "Venezuela's Post-Election Moment of Truth". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
35. ^ Iglesias, Simone (29 July 2024). "Brazil, Mexico, Colombia Negotiating Joint Statement on Venezuela Election Transparency". Bloomberg. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
36. ^ "Lula sobre Venezuela: 'Apresenta a ata', diz presidente sobre impasse na eleição". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024. "É normal que tenha uma briga. Como resolve essa briga? Apresenta a ata"
37. ^ "Venezuela's Maduro asks for phone call with Lula, says source". Reuters. 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
38. ^ Paraguassu, Lisandra; Fernandez, Leonardo; Buitrago, Deisy (1 August 2024). "Brazil, Mexico and Colombia call for Venezuela to release full vote tallies". Reuters. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
39. ^ a b Castillo, E. Eduardo; Barcia Cano, Regina (6 August 2024). "Brazil, Colombia and Mexico in talks with Venezuelan government and opposition on election crisis". AP News. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
40. ^ Spetalnick, Matt; Stewart, Phil (30 July 2024). "US accuses Venezuela of election manipulation, leaves door open to sanctions". Reuters. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
41. ^ Wells, Ione; Mackintosh, Thomas (1 August 2024). "Overwhelming evidence Venezuela opposition won election - Blinken". BBC. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
42. ^ a b Gamez Torres, Nora (7 August 2024). "U.S. supports negotiations with Maduro but won't call opposition winner president-elect". Miami Herald. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
43. ^ Cullison, Alan; Lubold, Gordon (2 August 2024). "U.S. Says Maduro's Opponent Won Presidential Election". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2 August 2024. "Blinken's statement stopped short of calling González a president-elect, a diplomatic sleight of hand that leaves the possibility for Washington to step up its pressure further."
44. ^ Singh, Kanishka; Spetalnick, Matt (2 August 2024). "US recognizes Maduro's opponent as winner in Venezuela election". Reuters. Retrieved 3 August 2024. "The announcement from Washington did not go beyond congratulating him for a 'successful campaign,' the closest the U.S. has come since Sunday's contested election to recognizing Gonzalez as the OPEC nation's new leader."
45. ^ Phillips, Tom (2 August 2024). "Venezuela election: US recognises opposition candidate Edmundo González as winner". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2024. "On Thursday night, the US secretary of state, Antony Blinken, rejected the incumbent's claims and recognised González as Venezuela's president-elect."
46. ^ "Nine Latin American governments call for emergency OAS meeting". Reuters. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
47. ^ Lorena Arroyo; Federico Rivas Molina (29 July 2024). "Estados Unidos, Brasil, la UE, España, Chile, Colombia y Argentina piden que se verifiquen los resultados en Venezuela" [United States, Brazil, the European Union, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Argentina ask that the results in Venezuela be verified]. El País América (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 July 2024.
48. ^ "Venezuela vote results unreliable, says OAS body". Reuters. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
49. ^ "OAS - Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development". OAS - Organization of American States. 1 August 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
50. ^ "Este es el párrafo de la discordia que impidió un consenso sobre resolución de la OEA acerca de Venezuela" [This is the paragraph of discord that prevented a consensus on the OAS resolution on Venezuela]. NTN24 (in Spanish). 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
51. ^ "La OEA no aprobó la resolución sobre la situación en Venezuela: así votaron los países de la región" [The OAS did not approve the resolution on the situation in Venezuela: this is how the countries of the region voted]. NTN24 (in Spanish). 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
52. ^ "Luis Almagro solicitará a la Corte Penal Internacional que ordene el arresto de Nicolás Maduro por haber cometido un baño de sangre" [Luis Almagro will ask the International Criminal Court to order the arrest of Nicolás Maduro for having committed a bloodbath]. InfoBae (in Spanish). 31 July 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
53. ^ a b "Perú se convierte en el primer país en considerar a Edmundo González como 'presidente electo' de Venezuela" [Peru becomes the first country to consider Edmundo González as 'president-elect' of Venezuela] (in Spanish). BBC News Mundo. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
54. ^ Phillips, Tom; Gambino, Lauren (31 July 2024). "Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro blames unrest on far-right conspiracy as isolation grows". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
55. ^ "Perú expulsa a los diplomáticos venezolanos y les da 72 horas para abandonar el país" [Peru expels Venezuelan diplomats and gives them 72 hours to leave the country]. Infobae (in Spanish). 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
56. ^ "Peru orders Venezuelan diplomats out after contested vote". Reuters. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
57. ^ a b c Fernandez, Leonardo; Paraguassu, Lisandra (1 August 2024). "Brazil running Argentina, Peru embassies in Caracas after election-related expulsions". Reuters. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
58. ^ "Panama suspends diplomatic relations with Venezuela pending election review". Reuters. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
59. ^ Pinto Duitama, Karen (29 July 2024). "Perú ordena el retiro de personal venezolano luego de que Maduro cortara relaciones" [Peru orders withdrawal of Venezuelan personnel after Maduro cuts ties]. La Republica (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 July 2024.
60. ^ "Copa Airlines says Venezuela to suspend flights to and from Panama". Reuters. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
61. ^ Silva, Renato (31 July 2024). "Venezuela ordena la suspensión temporal de vuelos Lima - Caracas ante tensiones diplomáticas con Perú" [Venezuela orders temporary suspension of Lima-Caracas flights due to diplomatic tensions with Peru]. Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2024.
62. ^ a b c d e f Herrero, Ana Vanessa; Paul, Maria Luisa; Schmidt, Samantha (31 July 2024). "Maduro urges Venezuelans to report protesters who question his reelection". The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
63. ^ Centenera, Mar (30 July 2024). "Maduro da 72 horas a los diplomáticos argentinos para abandonar Venezuela y deja sin luz a su Embajada" [Maduro gives Argentine diplomats 72 hours to leave Venezuela and leaves the Embassy without electricity]. El Pais (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2024.
64. ^ Raffaele, María De Los Ángeles (31 July 2024). "Lo que puede pasar con los asilados en la embajada de Argentina en Venezuela tras la expulsión de diplomáticos ordenada por Maduro" [What could happen to asylum seekers at the Argentine embassy in Venezuela after the expulsion of diplomats ordered by Maduro]. CNN en Español. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
65. ^ "Argentina reconoce a Edmundo González como el 'legítimo ganador' de las elecciones y presidente electo de Venezuela" [Argentina recognizes Edmundo González as the 'legitimate winner' of the elections and president-elect of Venezuela]. NTN24 (in Spanish). 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
66. ^ "Argentina reconoce a Edmundo González como "ganador indiscutido" de elecciones venezolanas" [Argentina recognizes Edmundo González as the "undisputed winner" of the Venezuelan elections]. Infobae (in Spanish). 7 August 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
67. ^ Goodman, Joshua; Garcia Cano, Regina (29 July 2024). "Venezuelans take to streets of Caracas to protest Maduro's claim that he won presidential election". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
68. ^ "See how Venezuelans are using pots to protest Maduro's victory". CNN. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
69. ^ "See angry Venezuelans living abroad react to President Maduro's election win claim". CNN. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
70. ^ a b Schmidt, Samantha (8 August 2024). "Maduro boasts 2,200 arrests since election; rights groups say 23 dead". Washington Post. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
71. ^ Goodman, Joshua (31 July 2024). "Hugo Chávez statues targeted across Venezuela in post-election unrest". Associated Press. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
72. ^ Calvo, Gastón (1 August 2024). "Organizaciones de Derechos Humanos condenaron en conjunto las acciones represivas del régimen de Nicolás Maduro" [Human Rights Organizations jointly condemned the repressive actions of the Nicolás Maduro regime]. Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2024.
73. ^ "Fiscal Saab abre investigación a María Corina Machado por supuesto ataque informático desde Macedonia del Norte" [Prosecutor Saab opens investigation into Maria Corina Machado for alleged cyber attack from North Macedonia]. DolarToday (in Spanish). 20 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
74. ^ a b c d "Resultados de las elecciones en Venezuela 2024, en vivo / Jorge Rodríguez, presidente de la Asamblea: 'María Corina Machado y Edmundo González deben ir presos'" [Venezuela 2024 election results, live / Jorge Rodríguez, president of the Assembly: 'María Corina Machado and Edmundo González must go to jail']. El Pais (in Spanish). 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
75. ^ a b Tovar, Javier (7 August 2024). "'No Evidence' Of Venezuela Vote Hacking, Says Carter Center Mission Chief". Barrons. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
76. ^ a b "Represión en Venezuela: el Foro Penal reportó 1.503 arrestos desde el inicio de las protestas tras el fraude electoral" [Repression in Venezuela: the Penal Forum reported 1,503 arrests since the beginning of the protests after the electoral fraud]. Infobae (in Spanish). 18 August 2024. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
77. ^ a b c d Wells, Ione (8 August 2024). "Venezuela security forces swoop on activists as repression worsens". BBC News. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
78. ^ a b Itriago Acosta, Andreina (30 July 2024). "Venezuela Detains Opposition Figure Amid Post-Election Crackdown". Bloomberg. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
79. ^ a b Taylor, Luke (8 August 2024). "'A climate of terror: Maduro cracks down on Venezuelans protesting contested election win". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
80. ^ a b c Padgett, Tim (16 August 2024). "Police rage and ransoms: Venezuelans face a 'perverse mafia state'". WLRN Public Media. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
81. ^ "Thousands of arrests and terrorism charges: Nicolás Maduro intensifies persecution of opponents in Venezuela". El Pais. 9 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
82. ^ Barreto Jové, Andreína (1 August 2024). "Maduro ordenó adecuar cárceles de Tocuyito y Tocorón para encerrar a los detenidos en las protestas" [Maduro ordered the adaptation of Tocuyito and Tocorón prisons to hold those arrested during the protests]. El Diario (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 August 2024.
83. ^ Robles, Frances (10 August 2024). "'Operation Knock-Knock': Venezuela Sweeps Up Dissenters After Disputed Vote". The New York Times.
84. ^ "Venezuelan opposition says office ransacked as post-election tensions grow". Al Jazeera. 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
85. ^ Nicas, Jack (4 August 2024). "¿Qué sostiene a Maduro en el poder?". The New York Times (in Spanish).
86. ^ Schmidt, Samantha; Herrero, Ana Vanessa (30 July 2024). "At least 16 reported dead as Maduro meets Venezuelan protests with force". The Washington Post. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
87. ^ "Jorge Rodríguez pide cárcel para María Corina Machado y Edmundo González" [Jorge Rodriguez asks for jail time for María Corina Machado and Edmundo González]. NTN24 (in Spanish). 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
88. ^ "Maduro culpa a María Corina y a Edmundo de 'violencia criminal' y pide 'justicia'" [Maduro blames María Corina and Edmundo for 'criminal violence' and calls for 'justice']. NTN24 (in Spanish). 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
89. ^ "Tras las amenazas de Nicolás Maduro, Costa Rica ofreció asilo político a Edmundo González Urrutia y María Corina Machado" [Following threats from Nicolás Maduro, Costa Rica offered political asylum to Edmundo González Urrutia and María Corina Machado]. infobae (in Spanish). 30 July 2024.
90. ^ "Costa Rica is prepared to offer asylum to Venezuelan opposition leaders, minister says". Reuters. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
91. ^ Buschschlüter, Vanessa (31 July 2024). "Observers invited by Venezuela condemn election". BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
92. ^ Machado, Maria Corina (1 August 2024). "I Can Prove Maduro Got Trounced". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
93. ^ Delgado, Antonio Maria (3 August 2024). "Leader of Venezuelan opposition comes out of hiding to lead massive rally against Maduro". Miami Herald. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
94. ^ "Pro-opposition Venezuelans protest election 'fraud'". Deutsche Welle. 17 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
95. ^ a b c d Delgado, Antonio Maria (19 August 2024). "Venezuela could charge opposition leader Machado with murder, regime's prosecutor says". MiamiHerald. Retrieved 19 August 2024. Also available at Colorado Springs Gazette
96. ^ "Saab advierte que Machado será imputada 'en cualquier momento'" [Saab warns that Machado will be charged 'at any time]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). 19 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024. Referring to the interview published by El Nacional.
97. ^ Desapariciones, deportaciones y detenciones arbitrarias: Los resultados del Tercer Informe de Violencia Político-Electoral en Venezuela [Disappearances, deportations and arbitrary detentions: The results of the Third Report on Political-Electoral Violence in Venezuela] (Report) (in Spanish). Bogota, Colombia: Pares: Fundación Paz y Reconciliación. 16 August 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
98. ^ Villa, Jose (14 August 2024). "Fundación Pares responsabilizó a las autoridades de Venezuela por la violencia durante las elecciones" [Pares Foundation blamed Venezuelan authorities for violence during elections]. El Diario de Caracas (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 August 2024.
99. ^ Vyas, Kejal; Dubé, Ryan (30 July 2024). "Venezuela's Opposition Releases Election Database; Claims Big Victory Over Strongman Maduro". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024. "The Venezuelan opposition has moved to show concrete evidence that the election was stolen. ... The opposition said it had collected data from 73% of the country's voting stations on its own and compiled it in a publicly accessible database on Tuesday. Using their national identification, Venezuelans can sign in and review a scanned tally sheet from their voting station showing how many votes went to each candidate. ... 'I found mine, the proof is there,' said Celina Ramirez, an opposition supporter who said she was able to log into the website to locate the tally sheet from her east Caracas voting center, which she said showed González receiving the lion's share of votes. 'There's no way the regime can fool everyone with their tricks,' she added ... The Carter Center, one of the few international organizations invited to monitor the elections, has urged Venezuela's government to release comprehensive polling data at the local level, which is needed to assess the electoral process. ...The opposition hopes the release of the database will increase pressure on Maduro's autocratic regime to make public the detailed results of the election." Also available from MSN Archived 30 July 2024 at the Wayback Machine.
100. ^ "Venezuela opposition leader Freddy Superlano has been detained, party says". Reuters. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
101. ^ "Diosdado Cabello confirmó el secuestro de Freddy Superlano y se burló de los rumores sobre torturas: 'Está hablando muy bien'" [Diosdado Cabello confirmed the kidnapping of Freddy Superlano and mocked the rumors about torture: 'He is speaking very well']. Infobae (in Spanish). 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
102. ^ Aure, Yanuacelis (6 August 2024). "Confirmaron que Freddy Superlano y Roland Carreño se encuentran recluidos en El Helicoide" [Confirmed that Freddy Superlano and Roland Carreño are being held in El Helicoide]. El Diario (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 August 2024.
103. ^ "La oposición denunció que el chavismo torturó a Freddy Superlano" [The opposition denounced that Chavismo tortured Freddy Superlano]. infobae (in Spanish). 31 July 2024.
104. ^ "Detienen en Caracas a dirigente de Vente Venezuela Ricardo Estévez" [Vente Venezuela leader Ricardo Estévez is arrested in Caracas]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
105. ^ "Hombres armados arrestan a Freddy Superlano y otros dos políticos opositores" [Armed men arrest Freddy Superlano and two other political opposers]. NTN24 (in Spanish). 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
106. ^ "El escalofriante video con el que el régimen de Maduro atemoriza a los venezolanos y se burla de la dirigente María Oropeza y de la oposición" [The chilling video with which the Maduro regime frightens Venezuelans and mocks the leader María Oropeza and the opposition]. Infobae (in Spanish). 8 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
107. ^ a b "The Wall Street Journal se suma a los sitios web bloqueados en Venezuela, donde se registran detenciones de comunicadores" [The Wall Street Journal joins the list of websites blocked in Venezuela, where journalists have been arrested]. Voice of America (in Spanish). 2 August 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
108. ^ Méndez, Maryorin (31 July 2024). "'Operación tun-tun': La macabra cacería del régimen venezolano contra testigos electorales se intensifica con las horas" ['Operation tun-tun': The Venezuelan regime's macabre hunt against electoral witnesses intensifies by the hour]. NTN24 (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 July 2024.
109. ^ "Venezuela legislators approve law to regulate NGOs". Reuters. 15 August 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
110. ^ a b c d e Buschschlüter, Vanessa (1 August 2024). "Maduro manoeuvring to stay in power in Venezuela". BBC. Archived from the original on 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
111. ^ a b c Phillips, Tom (16 August 2024). "Lula criticizes Maduro's 'authoritarian' regime amid Venezuela election dispute". The Guardian. Wikidata d:Q129259382. Archived from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
112. ^ Moleiro, Alonso (6 August 2024). "Venezuelan opposition seeks alternatives to make its votes count". El País English. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
113. ^ "Edmundo González rejeita convocação do Supremo Tribunal da Venezuela e questiona procedimento: 'condenado por antecipação?'" [Edmundo González rejects summons from Venezuela's Supreme Court and questions procedure: 'convicted in advance?']. O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 August 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
114. ^ "Venezuela's opposition candidate ignores Supreme Court summons". Voice of America. 7 August 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
115. ^ Sequera, Vivian (7 August 2024). "Venezuela opposition beset by mounting legal challenges after disputed election". Reuters. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
116. ^ Georgina Zerega; Santiago Torrado (9 August 2024). "Brasil, Colombia y México insisten en que el CNE de Venezuela presente las actas y que haya 'una verificación imparcial de los resultados'" [Brazil, Colombia and Mexico insist that the Venezuelan CNE present vote tallies and that there is an 'impartial verification of results']. El País América Colombia (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 August 2024.
117. ^ "Venezuela: Nicolás Maduro bans X for 10 days over Elon Musk row". BBC News. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
118. ^ "Venezuela's Maduro signs decree blocking X access in country for 10 days". Reuters. 9 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
119. ^ "Maduro anuncia que plataforma X saldrá 10 días de circulación en Venezuela" [Maduro announces that platform X will be out of circulation for 10 days in Venezuela]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). 8 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
120. ^ a b Briceño, Franklin; Suárez, Astrid; Batschke, Nayara (14 August 2024). "As fallout surges from Venezuela's election crisis, the region fears another mass exodus". Associated Press. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
121. ^ a b Abrams, Elliott (19 July 2024). "Can Maduro Be Negotiated Out of Venezuela?". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 25 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
122. ^ a b Schmidt, Samantha; Herrero, Ana Vanessa (27 July 2024). "If Maduro loses, will he cede power? Venezuela's election, explained". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
123. ^ a b c d e Gámez Torres, Nora (8 August 2024). "Machado: Opposition would offer Maduro incentives to negotiate transition to democracy". Miami Herald. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
124. ^ a b c Rodríguez, Francisco (7 August 2024). "A Deal That Could Save Venezuela". The New York Times. Wikidata d:Q128800425. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
125. ^ a b c Tovar, Javier; Agelvis, Barbara (15 August 2024). "Brazil, Colombia urge new Venezuela vote, as opposition cries foul". Agence France-Presse. Yahoo News. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
126. ^ a b Schmidt, Samantha; Dias, Marina (15 August 2024). "Amid calls for new elections in Venezuela, opposition weighs next move". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
127. ^ Oliveira, Rafael (16 August 2024). "Maduro, Machado Reject Calls From Lula, Petro, Biden for a Second Venezuelan Election". The New York Sun. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
128. ^ "López Obrador no cree 'prudente' pedir nuevas elecciones en Venezuela" [López Obrador does not believe it is 'prudent' to call for new elections in Venezuela] (in Spanish). EFE. 15 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
129. ^ Singer, Florantonia (16 August 2024). "Proposals from Brazil and Colombia for new elections or a coalition in Venezuela rejected". El Pais. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
130. ^ "Presidente de México anunció que no hablará más 'por ahora' con los presidentes de Colombia y Brasil sobre la crisis política en Venezuela" [President of Mexico announced that he will no longer speak 'for now' with the presidents of Colombia and Brazil about the political crisis in Venezuela]. NTN24 (in Spanish). 14 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
131. ^ "Elliott Abrams sugiere a EE.UU. ofrecerle una amnistía a Maduro para que acepte su derrota el 28J" [Elliott Abrams suggests that the US offer Maduro amnesty so that he accepts his defeat on June 28]. Alberto News (in Spanish). 19 July 2024. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
132. ^ a b "US says it has not offered Maduro amnesty since election". Reuters. 12 August 2024. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
133. ^ Wilner, Michael; Delgado, Antonio Maria (11 August 2024). "U.S. says it hasn't offered Maduro amnesty to leave power, but is open to suggestions". Miami Herald. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
134. ^ Forero, Juan; Garip, Patricia; Vyas, Kejal (11 August 2024). "In Secret Talks, U.S. Offers Amnesty to Venezuela's Maduro for Ceding Power". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
135. ^ "Democratic Transition Framework for Venezuela". US Department of State. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
136. ^ Moreno, Elida (9 August 2024). "Venezuela's Maduro rejects Panama's offer of safe passage". Retrieved 10 August 2024.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Chavez, Rebecca Bill; Broner, Tamara Taraciuk (6 August 2024). "For a peaceful transition in Venezuela, the Americas should unite". The Hill. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
* Nicas, Jack (4 August 2024). "How Could Maduro's Reign in Venezuela End?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
* O'Boyle, Brendan (10 August 2024). "Panama offers safe passage to Venezuela's Maduro to allow for transition". MSN (stories by Reuters). Retrieved 10 August 2024.
* Ormerod, Alex González (6 August 2024). "Where Venezuela Goes From Here". TIME. Retrieved 6 August 2024.

* v
* t
* e

Elections and referendums in Venezuela

Presidential elections|

* 1947
* 1958
* 1963
* 1968
* 1973
* 1978
* 1983
* 1988
* 1993
* 1998
* 2000
* 2006
* 2012
* 2013
* 2018
* 2024

Parliamentary elections|

* 1832
* 1835
* 1838
* 1841
* 1844
* 1847
* 1850
* 1853
* 1856
* 1859
* 1863
* 1873
* 1877
* 1882
* 1888
* 1890
* 1894
* 1898
* 1922
* 1929
* 1931
* 1936
* 1941
* 1947
* 1958
* 1963
* 1968
* 1973
* 1978
* 1983
* 1988
* 1993
* 1998
* 2000
* 2005
* 2010
* 2015
* 2020
* 2025

Regional elections|

* 1989
* 1992
* 1995
* 1998
* 2000
* 2004
* 2008
* 2012
* 2017
* 2021

Municipal elections|

* 1948
* ...
* 2013
* 2017
* 2018
* 2021

Constituent Assemblies|

* 1811
* 1819
* 1821
* 1830
* 1857
* 1858
* 1864
* 1874
* 1881
* 1891
* 1893
* 1901
* 1904
* 1909
* 1914
* 1922
* 1925
* 1928
* 1931
* 1936
* 1946
* 1952
* 1961
* 1999
* 2017

Referendums|

* 1957
* 1999 (Apr)
* 1999 (Dec)
* 2000
* 2004
* 2007
* 2009
* 2017
* 2020
* 2023

* v
* t
* e

Crisis in Venezuela

* Protests against Nicolás Maduro
* Venezuelan presidential crisis
* History of Venezuela (1999–present)
* COVID-19 pandemic

Events|

| Ongoing|

* Economic crisis
* Bolivarian missions
* Bolivarian Revolution
* Bolivarianism
* Censorship
* Chavismo
* Crimes against humanity
* Corruption
* Defections
* Devaluation of the Venezuelan bolívar
* Economic policies under Nicolás Maduro
* Energy crisis
* Human rights abuses
* Hyperinflation
* Illegal drug trade
* International sanctions
* Interventions of political parties
* Negotiations
* Refugee crisis and diaspora
* Resource shortages
* State protectors
* State-sponsored terrorism
* States of emergency in Venezuela
* Catatumbo campaign
* Pemon conflict
* Coronavirus pandemic

|

2010|

* Colombian diplomatic crisis
* Death of Franklin Brito
* PDVAL affair
* Parliamentary election
* III National Assembly of Venezuela

2012|

* Amuay tragedy
* Presidential election
* Regional elections

2013|

* Death of Hugo Chávez
* Presidential election
* Dakazo
* Municipal elections

2014|

* La Salida
* 2014 protests
* timeline
* Detention of Leopoldo López
* Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act

2015|

* Detention of Antonio Ledezma
* Colombian diplomatic/migration crisis
* Resolution 8610
* 2015 protests (timeline)
* Narcosobrinos affair
* Parliamentary election
* IV National Assembly of Venezuela

2016|

* Tumeremo massacre (first)
* Recall referendum movement
* 2016 protests (timeline)

2017|

* Detention of Gilber Caro
* Constitutional crisis
* Mother of All Marches
* Caracas helicopter incident
* Referendum
* National Assembly attack
* Constituent Assembly election
* Members
* Regional elections
* Municipal elections
* Attack on Fort Paramacay
* Death of Carlos Andrés García
* Law against Hatred
* 2017 protests
* timeline

2018|

* El Junquito raid
* Presidential campaign of Nicolás Maduro
* Valencia fire
* Panama diplomatic crisis
* Presidential election
* El Paraíso stampede
* Caracas drone attack
* Detention of Juan Requesens
* Economic reforms and Viernes Rojo
* Murder of Fernando Albán
* Tumeremo massacre (third)
* 2018 protests (timeline)

2019|

* Inauguration of Nicolás Maduro
* Venezuela TPS Act of 2019
* Plan País
* Humanitarian aid mission
* Amnesty Law
* Venezuela Aid Live
* Statute Governing the Transition to Democracy
* Murder of Alí Domínguez
* Widespread blackouts
* Detention of Roberto Marrero
* Disappearance of Gilber Caro
* 30 April uprising attempt
* Acarigua prison riot
* Death of Rafael Acosta Arévalo
* Attack of Rufo Chacón
* Death of Juan Carlos Márquez
* Murder of Edmundo Rada
* Operación Alacrán
* 2019 protests
* timeline

2020|

* National Assembly leadership election
* Death of Addy Valero
* Cagua fire
* Barquisimeto shooting
* COVID-19 pandemic
* Guanare prison riot
* Operation Gideon
* El Palito oil spill
* Detention of Alex Saab
* Parliamentary election
* V National Assembly of Venezuela

2021|

* La Vega raid
* Apure clashes

2022|

* Arauca clashes
* Recall referendum project

2023|

* Anti-Solidarity Law
* Barbados Agreement
* Unitary Platform presidential primaries
* Referendum
* Guyana–Venezuela crisis
* El Palito oil spill

2024|

* Detention of Rocío San Miguel
* Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions
* Bulla Loca mine disaster
* Presidential election
* international reactions
* protests

Deaths during protests|

| 2014|

* Bassil Da Costa
* Robert Redman
* Génesis Carmona
* Geraldin Moreno

|

2015|

* Kluivert Roa

2017|

* Paola Ramírez
* Juan Pablo Pernalete
* Armando Cañizales
* Miguel Castillo
* Paúl Moreno
* Orlando Figuera
* Neomar Lander
* Fabián Urbina
* David Vallenilla
* Xiomara Scott

People|

| Pro-Maduro|

* Nicolás Maduro
* F. Ameliach
* D. Cabello
* A. Chávez
* T. El Aissami
* H. Escarrá
* T. W. Saab
* C. Flores
* A. Istúriz
* E. Jaua
* T. Lucena
* I. Alfonzo
* N. Maduro Guerra
* C. Mata Figueroa
* C. Meléndez
* C. Alcalá Cordones
* until 2013
* L. Ortega Díaz
* until 2017
* V. Padrino López
* R. Ramírez
* until 2018
* L. Parra
* H. Rangel Silva
* D. Rodríguez
* J. Rodríguez
* I. Rodríguez
* T. W. Saab
* I. Varela
* D. Vivas
* E. Amoroso
* B. Lugo
* M. C. Figuera
* until 2019
* E. Farías
* F. Bernal
* I. Alfonzo

|

Anti-Maduro|

* Juan Guaidó
* Óscar Pérez
* C. Alcalá Cordones
* since 2013
* J. Borges
* L. Ortega Díaz
* since 2017
* Rafael Ramírez
* since 2018
* María Corina Machado
* H. Capriles
* H. Falcón
* Adrián
* Arria
* Aveledo
* Caro
* F. Guevara
* A. Ledezma
* L. López
* Mantilla
* Mendoza
* Pérez Álvarez
* Pérez Vivas
* Ramos Allup
* J. Requesens
* R. Requesens
* F. Rosales
* M. Rosales
* H. Salas Feo
* V. S. Scarano
* L. Tintori
* J. Torrealba
* A. Velásquez
* J. L. Silva
* M. C. Figuera
* since 2019
* D. Solórzano
* O. Barboza
* J. J. Rendón
* J. P. Guanipa
* T. Guanipa

Organizations|

| Pro-Maduro|

* Union of South American Nations
* Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas
* Political parties
* Great Patriotic Pole
* United Socialist Party of Venezuela
* PODEMOS
* People's Electoral Movement
* Media outlets
* Agencia Venezolana de Noticias
* Telesur
* Venezolana de Televisión
* State organizations
* Supreme Tribunal of Justice
* National Electoral Council
* Constituent National Assembly
* Bolivarian Intelligence Service
* Bolivarian National Guard
* Mission Barrio Adentro
* Local Committees for Supply and Production
* Carnet de la Patria
* Colectivos

|

Anti-Maduro|

* Organization of American States
* Mercosur
* Political parties
* Democratic Unity Roundtable
* Popular Will
* Justice First
* Democratic Action
* Un Nuevo Tiempo
* Come Venezuela
* Copei
* Movimiento al Socialismo
* Progressive Advance
* Agreement for Change
* National Assembly (majority)
* Capitolio TV

Related|

* Enforced disappearances in Venezuela
* Guaire miners
* Human rights in Venezuela
* International Criminal Court investigation
* Orinoco Mining Arc
* Perrera
* Political prisoners in Venezuela
* Revolving door effect
* Torture in Venezuela

In popular culture|

* Simón (2023)
* Bolivarian Revolution in film

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