2025 Gaza war ceasefire

Israel–Hamas hostage-prisoner exchange and armistice

2025 Gaza war ceasefire"Three-Phase Proposal for a Durable Peace in the Middle East"

The first three hostages being released within the ceasefire agreement, with the International Committee of the Red Cross turning over the former hostages to the custody of the IDF

Context|

* Ending the Gaza war
* Reconstructing the Gaza Strip

Drafted| 31 May 2024
Sealed| 15 January 2025
Effective| 19 January 2025
Expiration| 18 March 2025
Mediators|

* Egypt
* Qatar
* United States

Parties|

* Hamas
* Israel

* v
* t
* e

Gaza war

* Timeline
* Outline

* * *

Background

* History of Gaza
* Zionism
* Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* History of Hamas
* Blockade of the Gaza Strip

* * *

October 7 attacks
Military engagements

* Re'im
* Sderot
* Sufa
* Nahal Oz
* Ofakim
* Zikim

Civilian attacks

* Nova music festival massacre
* Netiv HaAsara
* Alumim
* Be'eri
* Holit
* Kfar Aza
* Kissufim
* Nir Oz
* Nir Yitzhak
* Nirim

* * *

Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
Military engagements

* Beit Hanoun
* Gaza City
* Jabalia I
* Khan Yunis
* Al-Qarara
* Shuja'iyya I
* Shuja'iyya ambush
* Shuja'iyya II
* Insurgency in the northern Gaza Strip
* Hamad
* Zana
* Rafah
* Tal al-Sultan
* Khan Yunis II
* Khan Yunis III
* North Gaza
* Netzarim Corridor clashes
* Shuja'iyya III
* May 2025 Gaza offensive
* Khan Yunis IV

Civilian attacks

* Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip
* Refugee camps
* Jabalia
* 31 October
* al-Fakhoora school
* al-Shati refugee camp
* al-Maghazi
* Schools
* Palestinians evacuating Gaza
* Health facilities
* al-Ahli Arab Hospital
* al-Shifa Hospital
* Kamal Adwan Hospital
* Nasser Hospital
* Attacks on religious sites
* Rafah strikes
* Flour Massacre
* Kuwait Roundabout
* Attack on journalists in Lebanon
* IDF killing of hostages in Shuja'iyya
* Killing of Hind Rajab
* Tel al-Sultan
* al-Mawasi (May)
* al-Sardi school
* Nuseirat
* al-Mawasi (June)
* al-Shati and Tuffah
* al-Awda school
* al-Mawasi (July)
* al-Shati (July)
* Khan Yunis (July)
* Khadija school
* Hamama school
* al-Tabaeen school
* Deir al-Balah
* al-Mawasi (September)
* al-Jawni school
* Deir al-Balah mosque
* Rufaida school
* al-Aqsa hospital (Killing of Shaban al-Dalou)
* Abu Hussein school
* Beit Lahia (19 October)
* Beit Lahia (29 October)
* Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting
* al-Mawasi (December)
* Nuseirat (December)
* March 2025 Israeli strikes
* Rafah paramedic massacre
* April 2025 Shuja'iyya
* Gaza European Hospital
* Al-Najjar family massacre
* Fahmi al-Jarjawi school
* 2025 Gaza Strip aid distribution killings
* Al-Baqa Cafe

* * *

War crimes and effects

* War crimes and crimes against humanity report
* Palestinian war crimes
* Hostage crisis
* 2023 prisoner exchange
* Israeli war crimes
* Israeli blockade of Gaza
* Famine
* AI-assisted targeting
* Mass detentions
* South Africa v. Israel
* Gaza genocide
* ICC arrest warrants
* Gaza Strip mass graves
* Torture
* Executions and assassinations
* Killing of journalists
* List of journalists
* Gaza humanitarian crisis
* Children
* Healthcare collapse
* Premature babies

* * *

Impacts and repercussions

* Diplomatic impact
* 2023 ceasefire
* 2025 ceasefire
* Calls for a ceasefire
* Economic impact
* 2025 Gaza Strip anti-Hamas protests
* Hamas–Popular Forces conflict

* * *

Other theaters
West Bank conflicts

* Israei incursions in the West Bank
* 2024
* 2025
* Tulkarm
* Tulkarm Camp strike
* PA–West Bank militias conflict
* July 2024 unrest
* 2024 PA operation in Tubas
* 2024–2025 PA operation in Jenin

Red Sea/Yemen

* Attacks on vessels
* MV Maersk Hangzhou
* Galaxy Leader
* Marlin Luanda
* MV Rubymar
* MV Tutor
* MT Sounion
* Operation Prosperity Guardian
* Operation Poseidon Archer
* Operation Aspides
* 2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel
* July 2024 Israeli attack
* September 2024 Israeli attacks
* December 2024 Israeli attack
* March–May 2025 US attacks
* Ras Isa oil terminal airstrikes
* Saada prison airstrike
* 2025 U.S.–Houthi ceasefire
* 2025 Houthi attack on Tel Aviv airport
* May 2025 Israeli attacks

Attacks on US bases

* Iranian airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
* Tower 22 drone attack
* February 2024 US airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
* 2024 Homs airstrikes
* Damascus Iranian consulate airstrike
* 2024 Masyaf raid

Israel–Hezbollah conflict

* Israeli invasion of Lebanon
* Odaisseh
* Maroun al-Ras
* Ayta ash-Shab
* Kafr Kila
* Ramyah

Iran–Israel proxy conflict

* 2024 Iran–Israel conflict
* April Iranian strikes
* April Israeli striles
* October Iranian strikes
* October Israeli strikes

Assassinations and deaths of prominent individuals

* Saleh al-Arouri
* Marwan Issa
* Fuad Shukr
* Ismail Haniyeh
* Ibrahim Aqil
* Hassan Nasrallah
* Hashem Safieddine
* Yahya Sinwar

* * *

See also

* Background
* Antisemitism
* Anti-Palestinianism
* Islamophobia
* Misinformation
* Protests
* university campuses
* All Eyes on Rafah
* Israeli document leak scandal
* Israeli public diplomacy
* Proposed U.S. takeover of the Gaza Strip

A hostages-and-prisoners exchange and armistice between Israel and Hamas-led Palestinian militant groups in the Gaza Strip took effect from 19 January to 18 March 2025, during the Gaza war. It included eight rounds of hostages-and-prisoners exchanges between Israel and Hamas.

The initial proposal was a serial initiative in three stages, beginning with a six-week ceasefire and including the release of all Israelis being held hostage in Gaza in exchange for hundreds of Palestinians being held by Israel, an end to the war, Israel's withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, and a reconstruction process that would last from three to five years. The proposal was first drafted by mediators from the United States, Egypt, and Qatar, accepted by Hamas on 5 May 2024, and presented by U.S. president Joe Biden on 31 May.[1] On 10 June, the United Nations Security Council supported it as Resolution 2735.[2][3] Later in 2024, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu was accused of hindering the proposal[4][5] while some US officials accused Hamas of the same.[6][7] After he was elected, United States president-elect Donald Trump joined Biden in pressuring the Israeli side to accept a similar proposal.[8][9][10][11] A variation of the proposal was agreed to by Israel and Hamas on 15 January 2025. On 17 January, the deal was signed by its negotiators, and it was approved by the Israeli security cabinet and later the full Israeli cabinet.[12][13][14]

During the first stage, Hamas released 33 hostages (mostly men 50 or over and women), in exchange for Israel releasing 30–50 Palestinians (starting with children and women) for every Israeli released. During the first stage, Israel allowed "sufficient" quantities of humanitarian aid, allowed displaced Palestinians to return to their homes and started to make a phased withdrawal from Gaza.[15] During the first stage of the ceasefire, talks were supposed to begin between both parties for a more permanent cessation of hostilities. In the second stage, Israel would accept a permanent ceasefire and Hamas would then release the remaining living male hostages, both civilians and soldiers, for an exchange of Palestinian prisoners.[15] In the third stage, the remains of deceased Israeli hostages would be released. Under the 5 May proposal, Israel would commit to lifting the blockade on the Gaza Strip,[16][15] but this commitment was not present in the 31 May proposal.[17]

From the beginning of the implementation of the deal, Israel was consistently accused of violating it by killing Palestinians on a near-daily basis and hindering aid since the ceasefire came into effect.[18] Israel accused Hamas of violating the deal with delays in providing the names of hostages.[19] Hamas on 10 February announced that it would suspend the release of the Israeli hostages, citing violations by Israel; this led to threats from Trump and Netanyahu in response.[20][21][22][23] Hamas revoked the suspension on 13 February, saying that Egyptian and Qatari mediators would oversee humanitarian provisions of the truce agreement, and on 15 February Hamas released Israeli hostages as agreed upon.[24][25][26] On 21 February, Hamas returned to Israel the dead body of Shiri Bibas, after delivering the wrong body to Israel the day before.[27] On 22 February 2025, Hamas released six living hostages as stipulated, but Israel refused to release 620 Palestinian prisoners as stipulated, instead instituting an indefinite delay of the release while accusing Hamas of repeatedly violating the deal.[28][29] On 25 February, Israel and Hamas reached a deal to exchange the bodies of Israeli hostages who were agreed to be handed over during the first phase for releasing hundreds of Palestinian prisoners without public ceremony.[30]

On 1 March, the day the first phase of the ceasefire was scheduled to end, Hamas rejected an Israeli proposal to extend it to release more hostages. Hamas said the second phase should proceed as originally planned.[31] Netanyahu's office said that Israel endorsed a US plan to extend the Gaza truce for the Ramadan and Passover periods. Under this plan, half of the living and dead hostages would be released on the first day of the extended truce and the remaining hostages would be released at the end of the period if a permanent truce was reached. His office said that the initial deal allowed Israel to resume war at any moment after 1 March if negotiations were deemed ineffective. Following Hamas's refusal to accept the US ceasefire extension proposal,[32][33] Israel ceased the entry of aid to Gaza the next day, 2 March.[34][35] The humanitarian aid blockade was condemned by mediators Egypt and Qatar, as well as the United Nations, as a violation of the ceasefire, which stipulated that phase one would automatically be extended as long as phase two negotiations were in progress.[36][37][38] On 9 March, Israeli energy minister Eli Cohen ordered to halt supply of Israeli electricity to Gaza.[39] On 14 March, Hamas said that it agreed to a proposal from mediators to release Israeli-American hostage Edan Alexander and the bodies of four dual national hostages.[40][41] Israel and the United States rejected the offer.[42]

On 18 March 2025, Israel launched surprise airstrikes on Gaza, breaking the ceasefire with Hamas.[43] Netanyahu’s office stated that the strikes were carried out in response to Hamas’s refusal to release hostages and its rejection of proposals to extend the cease-fire.[44] Hours later, Netanyahu declared that Israel has "resumed combat in full force" against Hamas in Gaza, with the wave of airstrikes being "just the beginning".[45]

## Background

[edit]

### Initial ceasefire and mediation

[edit]

Main article: 2023 Gaza war ceasefire

Following the Hamas-led attack on Israel on 7 October 2023 and Israel's subsequent declaration of war on Hamas, Egypt and Jordan began coordinating a response to avert an escalation of the conflict.[46] Attempts to reach a ceasefire were raised at the United Nations Security Council in October; Israel requested the resignation of United Nations secretary-general António Guterres after he referred to Israel's retaliation as unjustified collective punishment.[47] After Israel's invasion of the Gaza Strip, Israeli prime minister Netanyahu rejected a ceasefire, equating a halt in fighting to a surrender to Hamas and terrorism.[48] United States secretary of state Antony Blinken presented "humanitarian pauses" to countries in the region[49] but stated a ceasefire would allow Hamas to initiate a second attack on Israel.[50] An agreement was nearly reached, but forfeited after Israel's invasion of Gaza.[51]

In a press conference in November, Netanyahu stated a ceasefire would necessitate a return of Israeli hostages taken during the attack.[52] Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Egypt intensified efforts to reach a ceasefire;[53] at the Joint Arab Islamic Extraordinary Summit, Iran and Saudi Arabia urged for a ceasefire.[54] The Washington Post reported on 18 November that the U.S. was nearing an agreement to release hostages and halt fighting, drafted during discussions in Doha, Qatar.[55] On 22 November, Israel and Hamas exchanged hostages for prisoners and held a four-day ceasefire.[56] President Biden was critical to restoring negotiations, according to The Wall Street Journal.[57] Israel and Hamas extended the ceasefire for an additional two days and released additional hostages and detainees,[58] but Israel resumed its offensive after Qatari mediators could not resolve differences in terms.[59]

The U.S. government began urging Israel and Hamas to negotiate, according to National Security Council strategic communications coordinator John Kirby.[60] In December, Egypt provided a ceasefire plan obtained by the Associated Press that would gradually release hostages and form a Palestinian government to administer Gaza and the occupied West Bank, relinquishing control from Hamas.[61] Several days later, NPR reported on a revised proposal that would remove references to the governance of Gaza and the occupied West Bank.[62] Efforts at the United Nations Security Council failed to offer a ceasefire over concerns relating to aid monitoring by the United Nations.[63] By January, several Israeli commanders expressed beliefs that releasing hostages could only be achieved through diplomacy, according to The New York Times; general Gadi Eisenkot stated publicly that Israel should "rescue civilians, ahead of killing an enemy".[64]

### Further ceasefire negotiations

[edit]

Throughout January 2024, Egyptian and Qatari mediators suggested several proposals, ranging from weeks to months. Hamas officials stated the remaining hostages, estimated to number over a hundred, would be released if a favorable and comprehensive ceasefire was offered; Netanyahu rejected a permanent ceasefire if Hamas would be allowed to govern Gaza. Israeli officials suggested a permanent ceasefire if Hamas leaders went into exile, a deal opposed by Hamas.[65] On 25 January, the U.S. announced Central Intelligence Agency director William J. Burns would meet with Israeli, Egyptian, and Qatari officials. According to the U.S., Israel proposed a 60-day ceasefire.[66] In discussions, officials discussed exchanging hostages, enhancing the Palestinian Authority, and improving Israel–Saudi Arabia relations in exchange for support of a Palestinian state.[67]

Following the meeting in Paris, Hamas chief political leader Ismail Haniyeh stated the organization was considering a deal, but remained committed to a withdrawal of Israeli forces in Gaza, a demand rejected by Netanyahu.[68] Al-Aqsa reported that Hamas continued to discuss the proposal through 4 February as Antony Blinken arrived in Saudi Arabia to advance a framework on a ceasefire.[69] In a meeting with Israeli minister without portfolio Benny Gantz, U.S. vice president Kamala Harris urged for a ceasefire and the release of hostages.[70] By 7 March, ceasefire discussions did not appear to progress.[71] According to Axios, Hamas prioritized returning Palestinians to northern Gaza in discussions.[72] Leading up to Ramadan, mediators from the U.S., Egypt, and Qatar increased efforts to reach a ceasefire; Burns met with Barnea in Jordan on 8 March to discuss a hostage deal.[73] Netanyahu rejected Hamas's counteroffer as "ludicrous", but remained open to negotiating.[74]

On 18 March 2024, Israel and Hamas began negotiating for the first time since December 2023.[75] Hamas eased its demands, removing an agreement to hold a permanent ceasefire.[76] A United Nations warning of an imminent famine furthered discussions to reach a ceasefire.[77] The United States abstained from voting on United Nations Security Council Resolution 2728, a resolution that demands a ceasefire during Ramadan and the unconditional release of hostages, allowing the vote to pass but creating a conflict with Netanyahu.[78] By 26 March, negotiations had stalled; Israel accused Hamas of stalling discussions, encouraged by the U.S.'s abstention of Resolution 2728. Burns, Sheikh Mohammed, Barnea, and Egyptian officials met in Doha to discuss a proposal that included an increased number of released Palestinian prisoners.[79]

### Aid convoy attack and U.S. policy change

[edit]

See also: World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack

On 1 April, Israeli strikes on a World Central Kitchen aid convoy killed seven workers.[80] Biden condemned the attack, stating Israel had "not done enough to protect civilians".[81] In a call three days after the strikes, Biden told Netanyahu to seek an "immediate ceasefire", warning that the U.S. could shift its policy on the war if Israel does not adhere to his demands.[82] Biden urged Egypt and Qatar to pressure Hamas to reach a temporary ceasefire and the release of hostages.[83] On 7 April, Israel withdrew the 98th Paratroopers Division from Khan Yunis, significantly reducing Israel's presence in southern Gaza. According to Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant, the withdrawal was intended to reallocate resources towards a planned invasion of Rafah.[84]

## Negotiation process

[edit]

### April 2024: Initial discussions

[edit]

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and foreign ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council member states in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 19 April 2024

In early April, talks appeared to have been stalled on at least two issues. Hamas insisted it will only release the hostages in exchange for a permanent ceasefire, but Israel said it would only agree to a temporary one.[85] Palestinians also demanded that Gazans be allowed to return to their homes in Gaza, which Israel rejected.[85] On 8 April 2024, Central Intelligence Agency director William J. Burns presented a proposal to release forty hostages in exchange for a six-week ceasefire to Mossad director David Barnea, Qatari prime minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani, and General Intelligence Service director Abbas Kamel.[86] Hamas rejected the proposal for temporary truce, and once again demanded a permanent ceasefire.[87] On 15 April, a senior US Congressman Steny Hoyer threatened that the US "will reevaluate its relationship with Qatar" if it doesn't pressure Hamas to release the hostages.[88] Qatar responded by saying it will reevalutate its role as a mediator.[89][90] On 18 April, CIA Director Burns blamed Hamas for lack of a deal, pointing out that Gazan civilians would get some humanitarian relief under the current proposal.[91] On 26 April, Hamas repeated that it was "serious" about a deal, but only if it included a permanent ceasefire.[92]

On 27 April, Hamas received an Israeli ceasefire proposal.[93] According to Axios, the agreement included "a willingness to discuss" a "sustainable calm" in Gaza after an initial hostage release.[94] Yet on 30 April, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu said "The idea that we will stop the war before achieving all of its goals is out of the question."[95] Netanyahu promised to invade Rafah "with or without a deal".[95] Two days later, Israel appeared willing to accept an initial release of thirty-three hostages[96] as U.S. president Joe Biden reiterated urges for Hamas's support of Israel's proposal to Egypt and Qatar.[97]

Netanyahu said the Rafah offensive would happen "with or without a deal".[95]

U.S. secretary of state Antony Blinken appeared in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to garner support for a ceasefire from the Gulf Cooperation Council's members.[98] Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed to invade Rafah regardless of a ceasefire.[99] Blinken said Israel's offer was "extraordinarily generous" and blamed Hamas for not accepting it.[100] Hamas responded that "Even the Israeli negotiating team admitted Netanyahu was the one who was hindering reaching an agreement".[100] On 1 May, Hamas rejected the Israeli proposal, but promised to make a counter-proposal, while also saying that Israel's Rafah invasion could put the talks in jeopardy.[101] On Telegram, Hamas chief political leader Ismail Haniyeh said on 2 May the organization viewed the proposal with "positive spirit" and planned to send a delegate to Egypt.[102] According to a text message obtained by The New York Times, former Hamas military leader Husam Badran wrote two days later the organization's representatives approached Israel's proposal with "great positivity".[103] Discussions stalled by 5 May in a purported "crisis" over the duration of a ceasefire; Hamas requested a permanent ceasefire, while Netanyahu was open to only a temporary ceasefire.[104]

### May 2024: Egyptian–Qatari proposal

[edit]

U.S. National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan with Benjamin Netanyahu, 19 May 2024

On 2 May, Hamas outlined three points of Israel's proposal that it disagreed with.[105] On 4 and 5 May, talks were hosted in Cairo, which were attended by Egyptians, Qataris, Hamas, and a US delegation led by CIA director William Burns. Although Hamas also sent a delegation, the Americans don't directly talk to Hamas, but communicate their proposals through intermediaries.[106] Benjamin Netanyahu decided to not send an Israeli delegation.[105]

Previous negotiation had failed because Hamas sought a permanent end to the war, while Israel would only agree to a temporary ceasefire. The Egyptians and Qataris aimed to bridge this divide by separating the ceasefire into three phases, with negotiations for a "sustainable calm" happening only in the second phase.[106] The wording "sustainable calm" was crafted by the Americans so that Israel would not have to commit to a permanent ceasefire upfront.[106] The United States official hoped that the first 42-day ceasefire would lead to something "more enduring".[106] On 6 May, John Kirby, an advisor to Biden, confirmed that CIA Director William Burns had played a key role in the negotiations that brought about the proposal.[106][107]

On 4 May, Qatar and Egypt presented the three-stage proposal. It was accepted on 5 May by Hamas.[108] Netanyahu said the proposal was "far" from Israeli demands, but promised to continue negotiations.[108] Israeli and Palestinian teams went to Cairo for further discussions. The Palestinian team included Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and the Popular Front.[109] Hamas said it was committed to the 5 May deal it accepted, but would not entertain changes to the deal.[110] On 9 May, Palestinian and Israeli negotiating teams, along with CIA Director Richard Burns, all left Cairo without an agreement.[111]

### Late May to June 2024: "Israeli proposal" and United Nations Security Council resolution

[edit]

In May 2024, U.S. president Joe Biden announced a ceasefire proposal in line with the one drafted by mediators from Egypt and Qatar and endorsed by Hamas earlier that month.[112]

On 31 May 2024, Biden announced a proposal that he said was drafted by Israel's war cabinet in the State Dining Room of the White House, endorsing the plan.[113] Biden incorrectly[4][5] stated it was an Israeli proposal. According to Al Jazeera, Israel's proposal is nearly identical to the Egyptian-Qatari agreement.[114] The U.S. shared the plan with Hamas through Qatar.[115] Blinken spoke with his counterparts in Egypt, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates to garner support for the proposal.[116] The United States, Egypt, and Qatar issued a joint statement on 1 June urging Israel and Hamas to finalize an agreement.[117] According to The Wall Street Journal, Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar's intentions to secure the longevity of the organization conflict with Israel's intentions to defeat Hamas.[118] United States National Security Council spokesman John Kirby stated Israel would agree to the proposal if Hamas accepts the deal.[119] The following day, an Israeli official stated a permanent ceasefire would "only happen after our objectives are met including destroying Hamas' military and governing capabilities".[120]

According to U.S. officials, Netanyahu is unwilling to support a ceasefire and the release of hostages out of concerns that he will lose his premiership. Hamas expressed interest in operating within a proposal that includes a withdrawal of Israeli forces, a permanent truce, the return of Palestinians, and a prisoner exchange.[121] On 1 June, Netanyahu stated the war would not end until Hamas is defeated militarily and operationally[122] and a permanent ceasefire as a "nonstarter".[123] On 2 June, an aide to Netanyahu stated Israel agreed to Biden's three-phase ceasefire proposal, but reserved that it was "not a good deal".[124]

Qatar's Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani meets with Antony Blinken, 12 June 2024

On 10 June, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2735 backing the 31 May proposal, noting Israel's acceptance thereof and calling on Hamas to accept the proposed agreement as well.[125] The following day, Hamas and Islamic Jihad replied to the resolution with amendments to the proposal, including a timeline for a permanent ceasefire and troop withdrawals,[126] and the Office of the Israeli Prime Minister stated, "The claim that Israel agreed to end the war before achieving all its goals is a total lie".[127] The United States responded to the Palestinians' proposed amendments by calling them unworkable.[128] The day after that, Hamas denied adding any new ideas to the ceasefire proposal.[129] On 21 June, Hamas stated, "The priority is to stop the criminal war on our people",[130] and three days later, Netanyahu stated Israel would only accept a partial ceasefire that would not end the war.[131]

### July 2024 to January 2025: Philadelphi Corridor

[edit]

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu with US ambassador to Israel Jack Lew (left) and US Secretary of State Antony Blinken on August 19, 2024

In July, Netanyahu announced that Israel would not end its occupation of the Philadelphi Corridor, which constitutes Gaza Strip's border with Egypt. This new demand contradicted the May proposal announced by Biden.[132] The May proposal envisioned Israel withdrawing from the entirety of the Gaza Strip in the second stage;[132] back in May, Israel had not yet captured the corridor.[133] Hamas rejected Netanyahu's new demand, calling on Israel to "stick to agreed ceasefire plan."[134]

Palestinians, including Hamas, see the demand for occupying the corridor as the beginning of a lasting military occupation and a return of Israeli settlements to Gaza.[135] Indeed, Israeli cabinet ministers in Gaza have openly stated they want Israelis to settle Gaza.[135] Netanyahu said he wanted to maintain the occupation of the corridor in order to prevent weapons smuggling, but others said this demand made no sense and was more likely being used by Netanyahu so he could cling to power.[136][137] Defense Minister Yoav Gallant said the Israeli military could always recapture the corridor in eight hours if it needed to.[137] In addition, an Israeli general warned it would be dangerous to leave Israeli soldiers permanently stationed there.[136]

Antony Blinken meets with Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty in Cairo, Egypt, 18 September 2024

In addition to the Palestinians, Egypt was also deeply opposed to a permanent Israeli occupation of the Philadelphi corridor, although it would tolerate a phased Israeli withdrawal from the corridor.[138] Egypt sees an Israeli presence at the corridor to be a violation of the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, under which each side is allowed to have only a small number of soldiers in the border zone.[139] At one point in August, Egypt even refused to pass along an Israeli proposal to Hamas, deeming the proposal to be objectionable.[138]

Another complicating factor were Israel's military continued operations in Gaza City, which negotiators warned could have "disastrous repercussions" for their talks.[140]

In an early-September 2024 Haaretz report, an unnamed coalition partner of Netanyahu stated that the Israeli PM had decided several weeks earlier he did not want a ceasefire deal.[141] A report by Channel 12 found Netanyahu had sought "relentlessly" to block a ceasefire deal.[142] Yedioth Ahronoth stated that Netanyahu had sabotaged a hostage ceasefire deal in July 2024 by adding a number of additional last minute demands.[143] A report by U.S. authorities privately acknowledged in mid-September 2024 that the Biden Administration would fail to negotiate a ceasefire before the end of its term.[144] According to unnamed U.S. officials, Biden believed Netanyahu did not want a ceasefire and was rather extending the conflict to help both himself and Trump politically.[145]

In early October 2024, U.S. officials said that they believed that Sinwar was no longer interested in a ceasefire deal with Israel, saying he had become "inflexible" and "fatalistic" as the war had progressed, adding that he was hoping for it to expand into a wider regional conflict involving Iran.[146]

Benjamin Netanyahu with Biden's National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan and White House Middle East advisor Brett McGurk (right), 12 December 2024

In November 2024, Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich stated, "In my estimation, a political settlement will be reached by the end of the year".[147] Senior Israeli officials have suggested that the Israeli government is not seeking a hostage deal but is instead seeking the annexation of large parts of the Gaza Strip.[148] Following the election of Trump as US president in November 2024, it was reported that the new president-elect was striving to reach a ceasefire and hostage release deal before inauguration on 20 January 2025.[149] In addition, Trump publicly threatened Hamas with unspecified retaliation if hostages were not released.[150]

On 17 December, it was reported that Netanyahu decided to travel to Cairo to promote a ceasefire deal.[151] On the following day, it was reported gaps were narrowing.[152] On 13 January 2025, it was reported that the parties have reached the final draft of the agreement.[153] The Palestinian Islamic Jihad stated that it was involved in the final negotiations.[154] On 16 January 2025, the day after the ceasefire was announced but before it was approved, Israeli military launched across the Gaza Strip killed 86 and injured over 250 Palestinians.[155] On 17 January, a deal for a 42-day ceasefire was achieved, with the deal, which also calls for the release of Israeli hostages, then being approved by the security cabinet in an afternoon vote.[156] Later in the day, the deal was given full cabinet approval and signed by its negotiators.[14]

The deal was achieved through negotiations mediated by the United States, Egypt, and Qatar. CNN reported that both the Biden administration and U.S. president-elect Donald Trump's incoming administration played equal roles, with the role of the former administration facilitated by Middle Eastern negotiator Brett McGurk, and were willing to work together and compromise due to a desire for a solution prior to the latter's inauguration.[157] Prior to its conclusion, Trump repeatedly warned that failure to release the hostages, including seven American citizens, before his 20 January inauguration would result in "hell to pay".[158] A diplomat told The Washington Post that Trump pressured the Israeli side to accept the deal.[8] Israeli sources also state that the incoming Trump administration revived the talks for a ceasefire.[9] The New York Times also remarked on Biden's heavy involvement in the negotiations, mentioning particularly how McGurk collaborated with Trump's future special envoy to the Middle East, Steve Witkoff.[11] Witkoff said that Biden's advisor McGurk was "in the lead", which The New York Times reported both camps deemed was accurate and that Biden's team did most of the work.[10]

## Provisions

[edit]

The proposal was divided into three stages, each 42 days (six weeks) long. Its aims were the release of all Israeli captives – whether civilian or military, alive or deceased; release of some number of Palestinian prisoners; return of "sustainable calm"; and the end of Israeli occupation and siege of the Gaza Strip.

### First stage

[edit]

In this stage, Hamas would release 33 Israeli captives. It would start with releasing all living Israeli children (under 19), all living civilian women, all living elderly (age 50 or over) Israelis, and all living female Israeli soldiers, followed by a number of civilian men under the age of 50 who were suffering from injuries or other health issues.[159] If the total number of living children, women, elderly, female soldiers, and sick or injured men was less than 33, then it would make up for that difference by releasing deceased bodies of Israelis.[159]

In return, Israel would release up to 1,904 Palestinian security prisoners, including 737 serving life terms.[112] Israel would have to allow the entry of "sufficient" quantities of humanitarian aid: 600 trucks per day, of which 300 are for the north.[112] Included in this were 50 fuel trucks "including the fuel necessary for operating the power plant, trade, and equipment needed for rubble removal, rehabilitation and operation of hospitals, health centres and bakeries in all areas of the Gaza Strip".[112]

Simultaneous to the captive exchanges, displaced unarmed[159] Palestinians would be able to return to their homes in Gaza, and Israel would gradually withdraw from some (but not all) parts of the Gaza Strip.[112] Israel would not conduct military flights over Gaza for 10–12 hours per day.[15]

### Second stage

[edit]

In the second stage, Hamas would have released all remaining alive male Israelis, including both civilians and soldiers.[15] In return, Israel would release an agreed upon number of Palestinian prisoners. The prisoner exchanges would be conditioned on both parties agreeing to and announcing a "sustainable calm" and the withdrawal of remaining Israeli soldiers from the Gaza Strip.[15]

### Third stage

[edit]

In this stage, Hamas would have released all the remains of deceased Israeli captives, in exchange for Israel releasing the remains of deceased Palestinian bodies that it holds.[159] Israel would end the blockade of the Gaza Strip and Hamas would not rebuild its military capabilities.[15]

### Supervision and guarantors

[edit]

Initially, it was proposed that activities in the Gaza Strip would be supervised by Egypt, Qatar, and the United Nations,[159] who along with the United States would guarantee the proposal and its provisions. As of February 2025, the government of Israel continued to insist that in its implementation of the "second-phase" (see supra) of the peace deal, the Gaza Strip must be de-militarized and that the Palestinian Authority (PA) was in no position to govern the Gaza Strip.[160]

## Ceasefire and hostage/prisoner exchanges

[edit]

### Early hours

[edit]

A ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas was also reached on 17 January 2025. The agreement was confirmed by Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu's office shortly after midnight on 18 January local time,[13] and went into effect on 19 January.[13]

The ceasefire was to go into effect at 8:30 am on 19 January. On the morning of 19 January, Israel killed 19 people in the Gaza Strip.[161][162] Israel said that was because Hamas had not provided the names of the three hostages to be released; Hamas said it was forced to delay giving the names due to "technical field reasons".[163] Netanyahu stated that if talks for the next stage broke down, "We retain the right to return to the war, if necessary, with the backing of the United States."[164]

### First exchange (19–20 January)

[edit]

On 19 January Hamas transferred three female hostages to the Red Cross: Emily Damari, Romi Gonen and Doron Steinbrecher; the Red Cross brought them to Israeli positions in Gaza. In return, the next day, Israel released 69 women and 21 children to the West Bank and Jerusalem.[165] The Palestinian women and children reported being starved by the Israeli Prison Service; one woman had lost 14 kg while in prison.[166] Israel said that all of the 90 Palestinians were "terrorists".[167] Many of the Palestinians had been neither tried nor convicted.[168] Some of the Palestinians had been arrested for making pro-Palestinians social media posts, or taking part in pro-Palestinian protests.[166] The Palestinians said they were hostages just like the Israeli women, as they had been arrested by Israel after the October 7 attacks, without any credible charges, apparently for the purpose of being used in a prisoner exchange with Hamas.[166] Multiple released Palestinian women said they were tortured in prison;[169][170] the Israeli Prison Service denied allegations of torturing Palestinians.[171]

The release of Israelis was codenamed Operation "Wings of Freedom" by the IDF.[172] Afterward, following the agreement, hundreds of aid trucks carrying food and fuel entered the Gaza Strip through Israel and Egypt.[173][174]

### Second exchange (25 January)

[edit]

Liri Albag in the first meeting with her family after being released from Hamas captivity on 25 January 2025.

On 25 January, Hamas released four female soldiers: Karina Ariev, Daniella Gilboa, Naama Levy, and Liri Albag;[175] they were brought to a stage in Palestine Square, recorded smiling and waving and handed a bag of items to take back to Israel.[176] In return, Israel released 200 Palestinian prisoners. Upon their release, several of the released Palestinians said they had been tortured, starved, endured beatings and humiliated while in Israeli captivity.[177][178][179] Of the Palestinian prisoners, 121 were serving life sentences, some were children,[171] while others were held under "administrative detention"[180] – a practice under which Israel holds Palestinians without trial for years on end, on the basis of secret evidence.[181] Among those included militants responsible for offenses in the First Intifada,[171] and those responsible for the Hebrew University bombing, which killed 9 people.[182][183] Around 70 of them were released into Egypt.[183][184]

Return of displaced people via Al-Rasheed Street after ceasefire, January 2025, Gaza Strip

### Third exchange (30 January)

[edit]

The arrival of Agam Berger to IDF forces after her release from Hamas captivity on 30 January 2025.

On 29 January, Hamas released the names of the three hostages expected to be released on 30 January: Arbel Yehoud, Agam Berger and Gadi Moses. Additionally, according to information presented to the mediators in the deal, five Thai citizens who had been kidnapped and held by Hamas are also set to be released on the same day.[185] On 30 January, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), accompanied by Hamas, the Popular Resistance Committee, and the Palestinian Mujahideen Movement released IDF hostage Agam Berger, civilian hostages Arbel Yehud and 80 year old Gadi Mozes and five Thai civilian hostages: Pongsak Thenna, Sathian Suwannakham, Watchara Sriaoun, Bannawat Seathao, and Surasak Lamnau.[186][187][188] Berger was released separately with the other seven hostages released two hours later with the handoff in front of the bombed remains of Yahya Sinwar's home, with reporters and recorded video showing chaotic pushing and chanting for Hamas and Sinwar.[189]

The Israeli government delayed the release of Palestinian prisoners until the safety of future releases can be guaranteed as a protest of the reportedly chaotic handover of several hostages in Khan Yunis.[190] Later, Netanyahu's office said that mediators have assured the safety of future release of hostages.[190][191] 110 Palestinian prisoners were released by Israel, including 32 with life sentences and 30 minors.[189] 23 prisoners who were serving life sentences for more serious crimes, like Mohammed Abu Warda, who had helped organize the 1996 Jaffa Road bus bombings that killed over 40 people, were transferred to Egypt prior to further deportation.[192][193]

### Fourth exchange (1 February)

[edit]

Yarden Bibas, whose wife and children were later returned dead, meets his father and sister for the first time after his release from Hamas captivity on 1 February 2025.

On 31 January, Hamas announced that three mixed nationality civilians; French-Israeli Ofer Kalderon, American-Israeli Keith Siegel and Israeli-Argentine Yarden Bibas were to be released the next day.[194][195][196] On 1 February, hostages Keith Siegel, Ofer Kalderon and Yarden Bibas were released by Hamas.[197] Haitham Al-Hawajri, the local commander of the Shati camp battalion of Hamas oversaw the exchange. Later, the IDF acknowledged that Hawajri, whom they claimed that it assassinated in 2023, was not killed in its strike.[198][199]

183 Palestinian prisoners were released by Israel, of whom seven were serving life sentences and were transferred to Egypt prior to their deportation.[197] Among those released was Shadi Amouri, who was convicted of involvement in the Megiddo Junction bus bombing which killed 17 Israelis and injured 43.[200]

### Fifth exchange (8 February)

[edit]

Released hostage Ohad Ben Ami with IDF forces after his release from captivity on 8 February 2025.

On 7 February, Hamas announced that it will release Israeli civilian hostages Eli Sharabi, Ohad Ben Ami and Or Levy the next day, and they were all released the following day.[201][202][203] Israel released 183 Palestinian prisoners, of which seven were transferred to Egypt prior to their deportation.[203] The Israeli hostages appeared frail, thin and gaunt and were forced to deliver public speeches expressing gratitude to Hamas, their captors.[204][205] Seven of the Palestinians were hospitalized immediately after release; some of them showed signs of physical torture on their bodies (including rib fractures from being beaten).[206] Eighteen of the released Palestinians had been convicted by Israeli courts of terrorism. Amnesty International said that at least of those released by Israel had been convicted in "a grossly unfair trial" based upon undisclosed evidence.[207] Israel said the released were responsible for the 2004 Beersheba bus bombings which killed 16 Israelis and other attacks during the Second Intifada.[208][209]

The dire medical conditions of both the Israelis and Palestinians released sparked strong reactions. Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor criticized Israeli treatment of Palestinians in captivity.[210] The US President Donald Trump[211] Steffen Seibert, the German ambassador to Israel,[204] and Simon Walters, the British ambassador to Israel all criticized Hamas' treatment of Israelis in captivity.[212] Pro-Israeli social media accounts drew comparisons between Israelis released by Hamas and Holocaust survivors who suffered extreme starvation known as Muselmann.[213] Pro-Palestinian social media accounts argued that Palestinians released by Israel showed physical signs of starvation and torture, while Israelis released by Hamas appeared relatively healthier.[214]

The day after the exchange, which was the half-way point of the 42 day duration of Phase 1 of the agreement, Israel withdrew from the Netzarim Corridor, leaving Israel in control over only "a small sliver of land in southern Gaza, near the Egyptian border, and a buffer zone along the Israeli border."[215] The Israeli troops were replaced by private US and Egyptian security personnel, armed and dressed in military fatigues, who manned checkpoints along the corridor.[216]

### Sixth exchange (15 February)

[edit]

On 14 February, PIJ announced that it will release Israeli-Russian hostage Alexandre Trufanov, while Hamas announced that it will release Israeli-American hostage Sagui Dekel-Chen and Israeli-Argentinean hostage Yair Horn the next day.[217][218] All three are civilians and were abducted during the Nir Oz attack.[219] They were released on 15 February at a makeshift stage in Khan Yunis "close to the house" of the former leader of Hamas, Yahya Sinwar, in front of a crowd.[26] The stolen vehicle belonging to Yair Horn's brother, Eitan Horn (who himself was still being held hostage as of 15 February), was identified at the scene of the hostage release.[220]

Israel reciprocated by releasing 369 Palestinians. Some of the released were struggling to walk, and others showed signs of physical torture.[221] Many Palestinians had lost significant weight and confirmed they were denied food in Israeli captivity; one Palestinian went to an Israeli prison weighing 95 kg but came out weighing only 45 kg.[221] The prisoners were released with Israeli Prison Service (IPS) issued sweatshirts saying in Arabic "Never forgive, never forget" along with the Star of David and the logo of the IPS. Some of the released prisoners threw their sweatshirts on the ground and burned them upon arrival in Gaza. Hamas criticized the sweatshirt saying that the messages on the shirts were racist. An anonymous source within the Israeli government also condemned the shirts saying that they were "problematic" and "that the political echelon was not informed about the decision".[222]

Of the 369 Palestinians released, 333 had been held by Israel under administrative detention[223] (a practice that allows Israel to imprison Palestinians without any formal charges or trial[224]). The rest of the 36 were serving life sentences for attacks that took the lives of Israelis. Of the thirty-six who were serving life sentences, twelve were released to the West Bank and East Jerusalem, with the rest exiled abroad.[225] These Palestinians had been convicted in Israeli courts of partaking in attacks that killed Israeli civilians, such as Seafood Market attack, the 2002 Hadera attack, and the Jaffa Street bombing.[222] One of the Palestinian convicts released said he was wrongfully convicted.[221]

### Seventh Hamas release (20–21 February)

[edit]

Main article: Kidnapping and killing of the Bibas family

On 18 February, Hamas spokesperson Khalil al-Hayya announced that the bodies of four hostages, including the remaining members of the Bibas family, will be released on 20 February, and six living hostages will be released on 22 February, including Avera Mengistu and Hisham al-Sayed, who were who were captured in 2014 and 2015 respectively after they crossed into Gaza.[226] In exchange, Israel would release 600 Palestinian prisoners and detainees, and all women and those under the age of 19 arrested since October 2024, and will allow rubble-clearing equipment into Gaza.[226] Some of those to be released are serving life sentences for attacks against Israel and others were detained without charges or sentencing.[227]

On 20 February, four coffins said to contain the bodies of Israeli hostages Shiri Bibas and her children (4 years old Ariel and 9 months old Kfir) and 83 years old Oded Lifshitz were handed over by Hamas.[227] The day before the exchange, the Red Cross called for safeguarding the privacy and dignity of those returning: "We must be clear: any degrading treatment during release operations is unacceptable", they said.[228] In the exchange, large crowds gathered as masked Hamas gunmen led a ceremony on a stage with four black-draped coffins with the photos of the victims and inscription on the adult-sized coffins "Date of Arrest"—October 7, 2023, the day they were abducted from their homes, alongside posters in Hebrew and English. One depicted Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as a fanged vampire with the hostages' photos displayed beneath him, while another threatened that renewed war in Gaza would mean more hostages returned in coffins. Alongside the stage was what resembled an improvised weapons exhibition for children and teenagers, where they were allowed to handle firearms and pose for photos and videos.[227][229]

During the release itself, the Red Cross refused to participate, and it was only after Hamas threatened to withhold the return of the bodies unless the organization took part that a Red Cross representative stepped onto the stage and signed the documents.[228] The United Nations rights chief condemned the ceremony as "abhorrent," stating that it was conducted in violation of international law: "Under international law, any handover of the remains of the deceased must comply with the prohibition of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, ensuring respect for the dignity of the deceased and their families".[230]

Israeli forces in Gaza received the bodies of the hostages, placing them in coffins draped with Israeli flags and conducting a brief memorial ceremony. A military rabbi recited the traditional Jewish mourner's prayer, followed by ceremonial gunfire. The coffins were then transported in a convoy across the border into Israel. Along the route, Israelis gathered in southern Israel to pay their respects as the procession made its way to a forensic institute in Tel Aviv, where the bodies are undergoing examination for official identification and determination of the cause of death.[227] Upon the coffins' arrival in Israel, Hamas propaganda materials were discovered inside. Israel reached out to the mediators, urging them to take a strong stance against the desecration of the sanctity of the dead.[231]

Later, Oded Lifshitz's family said that his body was identified.[232] The Abu Kabir Forensic Institute chief said that Lifshitz was killed in captivity more than a year ago.[233] The IDF said that forensic tests revealed that one of four bodies handed over by Hamas was not that of hostage Shiri Bibas nor any other Israeli hostage held by Hamas, adding that it identified Ariel Bibas and Kfir Bibas. It demanded Hamas to handover the body of Shiri Bibas. Mujahideen Brigades and Hamas said that the Bibas children were killed in Israeli airstrikes. Israel said that its forensic evidence indicated that the children were "brutally murdered" in Gaza captivity. Israel did agree with Hamas on the time of death, November 2023.[234][235][236][237][238] Hamas said that Shiri's remains had been mixed with those of other victims following an Israeli airstrike[239][240] and said that it will examine allegations over Shiri's remains and asked Israel to return the body of the Palestinian woman.[241][242] On 21 February, Hamas stated that it had handed over the remains of Shiri Bibas. On 22 February, the Bibas family said that forensic experts identified her body.[243][244][27]

Argentine President Javier Milei declared two days of national mourning beginning on 20 February following the return of the bodies, as the Bibas children held Argentine citizenship. Sabrina Ajmechet, President of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies Commission for Human Rights, wrote: "Two Argentinian babies assassinated because of Hamas terrorism. I hope that never again, after this, I have to hear that what happens in Israel and Gaza is not our concern, of all Argentines".[245][246]

The Arab-Israeli group 'Atidna' condemned Hamas following the deaths of Shiri Bibas and her two children, accusing Hamas of "an act of barbarism that has no justification". The group called on Arab Israeli political leaders to denounce terrorism, emphasizing, "At such a crucial moment, silence is not an option—our duty as leaders and as a society is to speak out clearly and firmly against murder and terror", and it declared its participation in the Bibas family funeral procession by stating, "We will declare in one united voice: No to terror, no to murder, yes to life and humanity.[247]

### Eighth Hamas release; delay by Israel (22 February)

[edit]

The release of Avera Mengistu after being held in Hamas captivity for ten years.

On 21 February, Hamas said that they will release Israeli hostage Eliya Cohen, American-Israeli hostage Omer Shem-Tov, Israeli hostage Omer Wenkert, Israeli Austrian hostage Tal Shoham, Ethiopian Israeli hostage Avera Mengistu and Bedouin Arab Israeli hostage Hisham al-Sayed.[248] Al-Sayed and Mengistu, both with history of mental illness, entered Gaza of their own accord, and were held hostage by Hamas for over a decade.[249][250][251] They were released on 22 February.[252]

Israel refused to release 620 Palestinian prisoners on 22 February, despite the deal stipulating their release; Israel gave the reason for doing so as due to "repeated violations by Hamas — including the ceremonies that demean our hostages and the cynical use of our hostages for propaganda purposes". The Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office said that the delay will continue "until the next release of hostages is guaranteed, and without the degrading ceremonies".[28][29] The White House backed Israel's decision to delay the release of the Palestinian prisoners and said: "Given Hamas' barbaric treatment of the hostages, including the hideous parade of the Bibas children's coffins through the streets of Gaza, Israel's decision to delay the release of prisoners is an appropriate response".[253]

### Final exchange (26–27 February)

[edit]

On 25 February, Israel and Hamas said that they reached a deal to exchange the bodies of Israeli hostages who were agreed to be handed over during the first phase for releasing hundreds of Palestinian prisoners. Israeli media outlet Ynet reported that bodies of Israeli hostages will be handed over to Egyptian authorities with no public ceremony.[30]

On 26 February, the Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades and Hamas said that they will hand over the bodies of Israeli hostages Ohad Yahalomi, Tsachi Idan, Itzik Elgarat and Shlomo Mansour.[254][255] Later, Hamas handed over the bodies of four Israeli hostages.[256][257][258] The Israeli PM's office stated that three of those hostages were killed in captivity in Gaza and one of them were killed during the 7 October attacks.[259] Palestinian medics said that Israel returned the body of a Gazan woman that Hamas handed over in place of killed hostage Shiri Bibas to a hospital in Gaza following the return of Bibas's body.[260]

596 Palestinian prisoners were released by Israel, including over 100 with life-sentences and serious offenders. Among them: Alaa al-Din al-Bazyan, who was involved in numerous terrorist attacks, including the 2014 Gush Etzion kidnapping and murder of 3 Israeli teenagers; Ammar Zaban, who played a key role in Hamas's Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades and was accused of the murder of 27 Israelis.[261][262][263] On 27 February, 46 Palestinian prisoners were released by Israel.[264][265]

## Violations and deviations by Israel

[edit]

According to Gaza's government media office, as of 12 February, Israel had committed 265 ceasefire violations.[266] The Director-General of the Ministry of Health said that as of 12 February, 118 people have been killed in the enclave since the ceasefire began on 19 January and at least 100 people were reported killed by Israeli bombings during the ceasefire period.[267][268]

### Shootings and killings

[edit]

* On 20 January, Al Jazeera reported that at least three Palestinians were killed and eight others were injured by Israeli gunfire in Rafah, despite the ceasefire.[269] In one such case Israeli forces opened fire on and killed 13-year old Zakariya Barbakh, then shot at locals who tried to retrieve his body.[270][271]
* On 21 January, Wafa reported that two people were wounded by an Israeli drone and gunfire in Gaza.[272]
* On 22 January, Israeli gunboats shelled towards the coast of Gaza city.[273] On the same day, Israeli firing in Rafah's Shaboura camp killed at least one Palestinian and wounded others who were removing rubble from destroyed houses.[274] Later, an IDF spokesperson stated that, in accordance with the ceasefire terms, the IDF opened fire towards armed suspects and masked assailants who approached and posed a threat to IDF forces. During these incidents, a member of the Islamic Jihad organization named Akram 'Atf Farhan Zanoun was killed.[275][276]
* On 23 January, two Palestinians were killed by Israeli tank fire in Tel al-Sultan refugee camp.[277]Palestinian civilians in Gaza on 29 January 2025
* On 28 January, two Palestinian civilians, including a five-year-old child, were killed by Israeli attacks while trying to return to Northern Gaza.[278]
* On 31 January, a 19-year-old fisherman named Saher Walid Al-Qar'an was killed by the Israeli navy near the Nuseirat refugee camp.[279]
* On 2 February, an Israeli airstrike targeted the Nuseirat refugee camp, killing one child and injuring several others.[280]
* On 5 February, a 13-year-old child was shot dead by Israeli forces in Rafah, according to the Nasser Medical Complex in Khan Younis.[281]
* On 9 February, IDF troops fired warning shots toward dozens of Palestinians approaching the border east of Gaza City near kibbutz Nahal Oz, and thus inside the buffer zone specified by the ceasefire. After failing to comply, three civilians were shot and killed. Commenting on the event, Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz reiterated that there was "zero tolerance" for those violating the ceasefire's buffer zone, while a Hamas civil-defense spokesman reminded Gazans to follow official directives regarding the border.[282][283][284][215] In a separate incident, Israeli soldiers killed an elderly woman in al-Qarara, east of Khan Younis.[282]
* On 10 February, one Palestinian was killed by the IDF; the victim was transported to the European Gaza Hospital by truck drivers working at the Karm Abu Salem crossing. In a separate incident, one Palestinian was shot dead by Israeli forces when they opened fire on people near Shuja'iyya. In another separate incident, two Palestinians were injured by Israeli snipers in the Al-Awda area of Rafah.[285][286]
* On 11 February, Israeli forces opened fire on Palestinians in western Rafah, killing a young man, Mohammad Nafith Hosni Abu Taha and injured three others. In a separate incident, a Palestinian was seriously wounded after the IDF shot him in Tal al-Sultan, Rafah. On that same day in the evening, the army also shot and injured two Palestinian citizens while they were near the Al-Awda Square.[287][288]
* On 12 February, one Palestinian was killed and another seriously injured after an Israeli drone fired a rocket on a group of people who were inspecting their homes in the Abu Halawa area in Rafah.[289][290]
* On 13 February, a Palestinian was shot and killed in Deir al-Balah.[291]
* On 14 February, the Israeli navy shot and injured two Palestinian fishermen near Gaza City's port.[292] In another separate incident, Israeli forces wounded three Palestinians, including critically injured one in the town of Khuza'a, east of Khan Younis.[293]
* On 15 February, two Palestinians were injured when an Israeli drone attacked a bulldozer while attempting to remove building debris in Central Gaza.[294]
* On 16 February, Israeli forces carried out an airstrike in Rafah, killing three policemen. The Gaza Interior Ministry stated that the policemen were members of a civilian apparatus and had been in the area to oversee distribution of humanitarian aid. On that same day, one Palestinian ended up succumbing to his injuries after sustained in an Israeli bombardment in Rafah.[295][296]
* On 17 February, two Palestinians from Rafah and Khan Younis respectively, died after sustained wounds from the Israeli military two days prior.[297]
* On 19 February, a 16-year-old child was killed by an Israeli sharpshooter while five others were injured in Rafah.[298][299]
* On 20 February, a 23-year-old Palestinian man was killed by Israeli forces in Shuja'iyya while trying to check his house.[300]
* On 21 February, a Palestinian woman was killed by Israeli gunfire in east Rafah.[301][302]
* On 23 February, a Palestinian man was killed by an Israeli sniper in east of Gaza City.[303]
* On 27 February, a child was seriously injured by an Israeli drone in Rafah.[304]
* On 28 February, an 18-year-old male was killed by an Israeli drone strike in Rafah.[305]
* On 2 March, two Palestinians were killed in Beit Hanoun by an Israeli drone strike. On the same day, a woman was killed and two others were injured by Israeli bombardment in Khan Younis while a young man was killed by gunfire in Rafah.[306][307]
* On 4 March, a Palestinian civilian was killed by Israeli forces in Deir al-Balah.[308]
* On 6 March, three Palestinians were killed after the Israeli army targeted them in a group of people in Shuja'iyya. One of them was killed instantly, while the other two victims succumbed to their injuries.[309]
* On 8 March, two Palestinians were killed by an Israeli drone strike in Rafah.[310][311]
* On 10 March, at least two Palestinians were killed in an Israeli airstrike in the Bureij refugee camp.[312]
* On 11 March, five Palestinians were killed by an Israeli airstrike near the Netzarim Corridor and a woman was killed by Israeli forces in Rafah.[313][314]
* On 14 March, Israel carried out an airstrike in the Zeitoun district of Gaza city, killing four Palestinian civilians. On the same day, a fisherman was killed by an Israeli gunboat while fishing in Northern Gaza.[315][316]
* On 15 March, the Gaza health ministry said that at least nine Palestinians, including Hossam Shabat and two other journalists, were killed by an Israeli airstrike in Beit Lahia; the head of Gazan civil defense said that they were using a drone to help build tents. Israel said six of those killed were Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad affiliated and operating "under the guise of journalists".[317][318][319][320][321][322][323] Later on that same day, three more Palestinians, including a child, were killed by Israeli gunfire and drone strikes.[324]

### Hindrance of aid

[edit]

For broader coverage of this topic, see Israeli blockade of aid delivery to the Gaza Strip.

After the ceasefire went into effect on 20 January 2025, Israel has loosened restrictions on the entry of food, water, tents and other humanitarian supplies into the Gaza Strip. However, the Gaza Government Media Office says Israel has restricted the flow of tents, trailers and other temporary shelters, as well as heavy equipment to remove the rubble – all of which were promised in the ceasefire agreement.[325] The director of the World Food Programme also said that some Israeli restrictions had remained.[325] In contrast, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio dismissed the allegation that Israel is preventing aid from entering Gaza and pointed out that Hamas uses networks to smuggle weapons and rebuild its military strength.[326]

Israel also restricted the number of Palestinians who could leave Gaza to seek medical treatment abroad. While the agreement stipulated 150 Palestinian patients be allowed to leave per day, on February 10, Israel only allowed 53 to leave.[327] Among the patients prohibited from travelling was a child with cancer.[327]

### Delay of release of Palestinians

[edit]

On 22 February 2025, following Hamas' release of six Israelis earlier that day, Israel cancelled the release of 620 Palestinian prisoners stipulated in the deal.[328] In a statement, Israel indicated that it had instituted an indefinite delay of the release; Israel would only release the Palestinian prisoners upon confirmation that future hostage releases will occur without release ceremonies, which Israel called 'degrading'.[329][28] The White House backed Israel's decision to delay the release of the Palestinian prisoners.[253]

### Refusal to withdraw from Philadelphi corridor

[edit]

On 27 February 2025, after Israel had received the agreed upon number of hostages for phase one, an Israeli official told media outlets it would not withdraw from the Philadelphi corridor, despite agreeing to begin withdrawal from the corridor when the deal was first signed.[330][331] The deal Israel ratified had instructed Israel to start withdrawing from the Philadelphi corridor on 1 March 2025 and fully withdraw within eight days.[332]

## Violations and deviations by Palestinian militant groups

[edit]

### During release process

[edit]

On 25 January, IDF Spokesman Daniel Hagari said that Hamas violated the hostage exchange agreement by releasing female soldiers before returning all civilian women. The prime minister issued a statement that as a result of the violation, Israel will not allow Gazans re-entrance to northern Gaza until the release of the final civilian woman, Arbel Yehud, who was supposed to be released on 25 January.[333] Hamas responded that this was a technical issue.[334] On the night between 26 and 27 January, Hamas and PIJ announced that on 30 January, it would release three hostages, including Arbel Yehud, Agam Berger, and one other adult hostage. In response, the IDF allowed Gazans to cross the Netzarim area and return to the northern Gaza Strip.[335]

On 23 February, Israel said that Hamas had violated the ceasefire by conducting humiliating ceremonies upon hostages' release and using hostages for propaganda purposes.[336]

#### Incorrect individual release

[edit]

On 20 February, Hamas pledged to return the body of Shiri Bibas. However, upon receiving the body, Israeli forensic examination determined that it did not belong to Shiri Bibas and did not match any other Israeli female hostage held by Hamas. In response, Israel stated: "This is a very serious violation by the Hamas terrorist organization, which is required by the agreement to return four dead hostages. We demand that Hamas return Shiri home, along with all of our hostages".[235] Hamas released the correct body the following day, arguing the delay was due to a mixup of bodies under the rubble of an Israeli airstrike.[337]

### Publishing names

[edit]

Hamas did not provide Israel with the names of the hostages to be released in the first round to kick off the ceasefire agreement by the time spelled out in the agreement. In response, Israel delayed implementing the agreement by 2 hours and 45 minutes.[338]

On 25 January, Israel said Hamas violated the terms of the ceasefire agreement by failing to publish the list detailing the status of the hostages set to be released throughout the remainder of the first phase.[19] During the night between 26 and 27 January, Hamas transmitted the list to Israel.[335]

### Response to Israel violations

[edit]

On 10 February, Hamas announced that they would be suspending the release of Israeli hostages, in what Hamas described as a response to Israel's violations of the agreement.[20][339] In response, Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz stated that Hamas's announcement constitutes a "complete violation" of the agreement.[21]

Following Hamas's announcement, U.S. President Donald Trump addressed it, stating: "As far as I'm concerned, if all of the hostages aren't returned by Saturday [15 February] at 12 o'clock – I think it's an appropriate time – I would say, cancel it and all bets are off and let hell break out".[23] Following Trump's remarks, Secretary of State Marco Rubio asserted that Hamas bears responsibility if the deal falls apart if it does not release the hostages by 15 February.[326]

On 11 February, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated: "In light of Hamas's announcement regarding its decision to violate the agreement and not release our hostages" the intense fighting in Gaza will resume if the promised hostages are not returned by noon on Saturday 15 February.[340][341]

On 13 February, Hamas reversed themselves, announcing that they will free hostages as planned after receiving confirmation from Egyptian and Qatari mediators for the removal of obstacles in the implementation of the humanitarian provisions of the ceasefire deal.[25][24] The hostage release went ahead two days later.[26]

### Rockets

[edit]

Also on 13 February, a 14-year-old child was killed in the Gaza Strip from a projectile. Palestinian media stated the explosion was accidentally caused by explosives disposal engineers trying to dismantle an unexploded Israeli rocket.[342][343] Meanwhile, Israel said it was a "terrorist rocket" launched from inside the Gaza Strip.[344] The IDF said it carried out an airstrike at a "launch site" in Bureij area;[345] no injuries were reported from the airstrike.[346]

On 24 February, a rocket was fired from the Gaza Strip toward Israel and fell within the strip's territory. In response, the IDF targeted the rocket launcher, which was located in the southern Gaza Strip.[347][348]

## Responses

[edit]

### Initial proposal

[edit]

In Israel, the families of Israeli captives held by Hamas called on the US to pressure Netanyahu to reach a hostage release deal with Hamas.[349] Protests broke out in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem.[349] Protestors blocked the Ayalon Highway in Tel Aviv, demanding the government reach a deal to secure the release of Israeli captives.[350] Minister of national security Itamar Ben-Gvir and minister of finance Bezalel Smotrich[351] threatened to resign if Israel agreed to the war cabinet's proposal prior to the destruction of Hamas.[121] Opposition leader Yair Lapid offered to support the government if the proposal was signed.[351] Thousands gathered in Tel Aviv the following day to express support of the deal and criticism towards Netanyahu.[116] Shas, an ultra-orthodox Jewish party and Netanyahu's biggest coalition partner, said it would give its full support to the deal.[352]

After Hamas announced its acceptance of the Egypt-Qatar counterproposal in May 2024, crowds gathered to celebrate in Rafah, Gaza Strip.[353][354] On the Palestinian side the proposal was supported by Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas.[355] Ordinary Gazans expressed support for the proposal.[356] According to Reuters, senior Hamas officials expressed skepticism that Israel was serious about reaching a deal.[357]

The proposal was co-signed by pro-Israel representatives Brad Schneider and Steny Hoyer and Israeli-critical senator Peter Welch and representative Greg Casar. Senate majority leader Chuck Schumer supported the deal. The proposal was opposed by senator Lindsey Graham, arguing that defeating Hamas was non-negotiable. Representative Michael Waltz argued that Hamas would be strengthened by continued discussions with Israel. Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene referred to the plan as "Hamas First".[358] After the assassination of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh, President Biden said that the assassination "doesn't help" the Gaza ceasefire talks.[359]

Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan welcomed Hamas's acceptance of the Egyptian–Qatari proposal and hoped Israel will do the same.[360] French president Emmanuel Macron urged Netanyahu to reach a ceasefire and hostage deal with Hamas.[361] UAE's Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan supported Egyptian-Qatari mediations and hoped the proposal would result in ending both the war and the suffering of Palestinians.[362] The Israeli proposal was endorsed by French president Emmanuel Macron, Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau, European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen, and diplomats from the United Kingdom and Germany.[116]

On 31 July 2024, Egypt's Foreign Ministry said that the assassination of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh indicates that Israel has no political will for a ceasefire.[363] Qatari prime minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani asked "how can mediation succeed when one party assassinates the negotiator on the other side?"[364]

### Final proposal

[edit]

#### Israel

[edit]

Following a meeting between Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu, Defense Minister Israel Katz, and Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich, Smotrich published a video stating that his main goal was "the fulfilment of all the goals of the war".[365] Smotrich later stated that the deal was "bad and dangerous" for the national security of the State of Israel.[366] Netanyahu said he sees a new ceasefire as temporary.[367][368] President Isaac Herzog gave a televised statement announcing the ceasefire, describing it as a "necessary move" for the return of Israeli hostages.[369]

Hundreds of Israeli protesters gathered outside the Israel Defense Forces headquarters in Tel Aviv to demand that the ceasefire deal be executed completely.[370]

#### Palestine

[edit]

A member of the Hamas political bureau Izzat al-Risheq, said that the ceasefire had met the group's conditions, further stating that the "occupier was brought to its knees,".[371] Hamas official Khalil al-Hayya thanked the pro-Iran militias across the Middle East that launched attacks on Israel and opened "support fronts" to back Palestinians in Gaza, including the Houthis in Yemen and Lebanon's Hezbollah, He also shows gratitude to Qatar and Egypt for helping reach the ceasefire agreement as well as Turkey, South Africa and Malaysia for showing solidarity with Palestinians as well as protesters across the world that helped "break the silence" about atrocities in Gaza.[372] al-Hayya later said that Israel had "failed" to achieve its publicly stated or "secret" goals in Gaza, including returning the captives by force, eliminating Hamas or displaсing the territory's population.[373]

The Palestinian Islamic Jihad celebrated the ceasefire, saying that the "honourable" ceasefire deal was produced by the "legendary steadfastness" of Palestinians, the group further stated that it will remain active and vigilant to ensure the full implementation of the agreement.[374]

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine celebrated the ceasefire, stating that "Gaza defeats the genocide".[375]

The secretary-general of the Palestinian National Initiative Mustafa Barghouti said that the ceasefire is a "moment of relief" but also warned the people in Gaza that they will likely face three days of intensified bombing before it goes into effect on 19 January.[376]

After news of a ceasefire agreement, Palestinians in the Gaza Strip broke out into celebrations,[377] including Gaza City, Khan Yunis,[378] and the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital and Deir el-Balah hospital in Deir al-Balah.[379][380][381]

#### International

[edit]

* Egypt: President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi welcomed the deal, stating that he stressed the importance of "accelerating the entry of urgent humanitarian aid to the people of Gaza, to confront the current catastrophic humanitarian situation, without any obstacles".[382] Former assistant foreign minister Hussein Haridy stated that the agreement would open up the Rafah crossing on Gaza Strip's southern border.[383]
* Qatar: Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani described the ceasefire as a "start" of what should be an effort by the international community to maintain lasting peace. He emphasized the role that involved parties played in advancing negotiations, including White House National Security Council coordinator for the Middle East and North Africa Brett McGurk and the United States president-elect's Middle East envoy Steve Witkoff.[369] Foreign Ministry spokesperson Majed al-Ansari said that both parties agreed that the ceasefire will take hold in 19 January, he further said that any disagreements were ironed out during the talks, saying "We are hopeful that the deal will hold".[384]
* Saudi Arabia: The Foreign Ministry says it values the role that Qatar, Egypt and the US played in reaching the agreement, also saying that it should address the root causes of the conflict and establish a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital.[385]
* United Kingdom: Prime Minister Keir Starmer expressed his support for the deal, emphasizing that it would end the conflict which was "triggered by the brutal terrorists of Hamas, who committed the deadliest massacre of Jewish people since the Holocaust". He added that "The hostages, who were brutally ripped from their homes on that day and held captive in unimaginable conditions ever since, can now finally return to their families". Furthermore, he underscored the importance of remembering "those who won't make it home – including the British people who were murdered by Hamas. We will continue to mourn and remember them". In addition, he expressed hope that the ceasefire would help innocent Palestinians in Gaza and "allow for a huge surge in humanitarian aid, which is so desperately needed to end the suffering in Gaza".[386]President Donald Trump with King Abdullah II of Jordan and Foreign Secretary Marco Rubio at the White House, 11 February 2025
* United States: President-elect Donald Trump publicly acknowledged the deal's achievement of a hostage exchange on his Truth Social platform.[387] During a U.S. Senate confirmation hearing for Marco Rubio as United States Secretary of State, Senator Jim Risch announced that the ceasefire had been agreed to by both parties.[370] Senator Bernie Sanders welcomed the ceasefire, further saying that the war crimes of both sides should face accountability.[388] Vice president Kamala Harris credited the leadership of president Joe Biden for the ceasefire, also thanking the leaders of Egypt and Qatar. She further stated that "We will never forget the lives taken as a result of the brutal Hamas terrorist attack on October 7, and the horrors endured by countless innocent people in the war that follow".[389] Biden said that his team and Trump's team "worked as one" to make the deal.[390]
* Yemen: Houthi spokesperson Mohammed Abdul Salam stated that the Palestinian cause remains a primary issue, further stating on X that "The Israeli invasion of Gaza left our people no choice but to support, taking responsibility towards an oppressed people.[391]
* Argentina: President Javier Milei posted on his X account that he hopes Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu are successful "in the process of liberating the 98 people abducted by the terrorist group Hamas, among whom are nine Argentines". And, he added that "from Argentina, we will do everything we can to heal our countrymen and put an end to this scourge," referring to the hostages with dual Argentine-Israeli citizenship.[392]

#### Organizations

[edit]

* The Committee to Protect Journalists requested that Israeli, Palestinian, and Egyptian authorities grant access to international journalists in order to "independently investigate the deliberate targeting of journalists that has been widely documented".[369]
* Chief of the World Health Organization Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus welcomed a ceasefire, saying "peace is the best medicine" as health needs in Gaza remain "enormous".[393]
* Chief of the World Food Programme Cindy McCain called for resources, access and protection to allow its teams to scale up aid to the Gaza strip, welcoming the ceasefire.[394]
* The secretary general of Amnesty International, Agnès Callamard says that while the ceasefire deal may provide a "glimmer of hope" for Palestinians, it is "terribly overdue", she also called out the international community's failure to pressure Israel to live up to its legal obligations and allow humanitarian aid to reach Gaza.[395]
* Council on American–Islamic Relations director Nihad Awad praised president-elect Trump for pushing for ceasefire which they said Biden failed to do a year earlier.[396]
* President of the International Committee of the Red Cross Mirjana Spoljaric Egger said it is ready to help implement the ceasefire agreement and facilitate the release of captives and prisoners, also stating that they are prepared to massively scale up their humanitarian response in Gaza.[397]
* UN Secretary-General António Guterres welcomed the ceasefire, stating that the "priority now must be to ease the tremendous suffering caused by this conflict".[398]
* International Rescue Committee head David Miliband said that the organization is ready to expand its operations after the ceasefire.[399]
* Save the Children CEO Inger Ashing said that if the agreement was fully implemented, the pause will "bring them vital reprieve from the bombs and bullets that have stalked them for more than a year. But it is not enough and the race is on to save children facing hunger and disease as the shadow of famine looms."[400]

## Analysis

[edit]

### Preliminary

[edit]

Marwan Bishara, the senior political analyst at Al Jazeera English, stated the proposed ceasefire contained a strategy of "ambiguity" but that,

> The Israeli prime minister himself says Israel won't stop the war until it destroys Hamas... So while everyone in Washington is trying to spin it as if there is confliction and controversy, there really isn't. It's quite simple: Netanyahu does not want to end the war.[401]

Writing in Le Monde diplomatique, Adam Shatz said that Israel had taken advantage of the United States' facilitation of a peace process to assassinate Ismail Haniyeh and Hassan Nasrallah, writing that,

> Netanyahu helped the Americans to draft a ceasefire proposal he had no intention of honouring, while conspiring to kill the Arab leaders with whom the ceasefire was to be reached.[402]

### After signing

[edit]

The Institute for the Study of War stated on 16 January that Hamas would likely reorganize and relocate its cells around the Gaza Strip but that the ceasefire period is too short for reorganizing the cells back into a proper military hierarchy. The large-scale replacement of personnel, equipment, and supplies is expected to take months without Israeli interference.[403]

Following the implementation of the ceasefire on 19 January, multiple news outlets, including Israeli media, stated that Israel had ultimately failed to destroy Hamas, which retains control over the Gaza Strip.[404][405][406][407][408] The government of Israel, however, continued to insist that the Gaza Strip be de-militarized, as part of its implementation of the "second phase" (see supra) of the peace deal.[160]

## End of the ceasefire

[edit]

Main article: March 2025 Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip

On the early morning of 18 March 2025, during Ramadan, Israel conducted a surprise offensive of "extensive" airstrikes on Gaza, thereby shattering the almost two-month truce.[409][43] Israeli forces acknowledged that they were "conducting extensive strikes", and separately stated that their attack "plan was kept in closed circles in the IDF to create an element of surprise and deception."[410][411] The airstrikes killed more than 400 Palestinians, according to Gaza's ministry of health.[412]

Later on 18 March, Israel Katz, the Israeli Minister of Defense, commented: "Tonight we returned to fighting in Gaza". Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared on the evening of 18 March that Israel has "resumed combat in full force" against Hamas in Gaza, and that the 18 March strikes were "just the beginning". Netanyahu’s office stated that the strikes were carried out in response to Hamas’s refusal to release hostages and its rejection of proposals to extend the cease-fire.[44][410][45] A US National Security Council spokesman blamed Hamas for the collapse of the ceasefire, arguing that they "could have released hostages to extend the ceasefire but instead chose refusal and war."[413]

Israeli journalist Barak Ravid argued that while journalists described the resumption of airstrikes as being a result of a "collapse", the ceasefire was deliberately collapsed by the Israeli government itself.[414]

## See also

[edit]

* 2023 Gaza war ceasefire
* Gaza war hostage crisis

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Biden announces new cease-fire plan for Gaza". Washington Post. 31 May 2024. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
2. ^ "Adopting Resolution 2735 (2024) with 14 Votes in Favour, Russian Federation Abstaining, Security Council Welcomes New Gaza Ceasefire Proposal, Urges Full Implementation – Meetings Coverage and Press Releases" (Press release). United Nations (UN). 10 June 2024. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
3. ^ "Hamas submits response to proposed Gaza ceasefire". Australia Broadcasting Corporation News (ABC News). 12 June 2024.
4. ^ a b Goldenberg, Tia; Magdy, Samy (24 June 2024). "Netanyahu Rejects Permanent Gaza Ceasefire, in Blow to U.S. Backed Proposal". Time Magazine. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
5. ^ a b McKernan, Bethan (9 August 2024). "US, Qatar and Egypt call on Israel and Hamas to resume urgent ceasefire talks". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
6. ^ "Gaza ceasefire plan in balance US says Hamas proposes 'changes'". BBC. 12 June 2024. Archived from the original on 2 December 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
7. ^ Garcia-Navarro, Lulu (4 January 2025). "Antony Blinken Insists He and Biden Made the Right Calls". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 18 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
8. ^ a b George, Susannah; DeYoung, Karen; Westfall, Sammy (15 January 2025). "Trump claims credit for ceasefire agreement". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
9. ^ a b Levinson, Chaim (13 January 2025). "Trump's Mideast envoy forced Netanyahu to accept a Gaza plan he repeatedly rejected". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
10. ^ a b Sanger, David E.; Shear, Michael E. (15 January 2025). "How the Cease-Fire Push Brought Together Biden and Trump's Teams". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
11. ^ a b Baker, Peter (15 January 2025). "Biden and Trump Defy Their History of Animosity to Seal Gaza Cease-Fire". New York Times. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
12. ^ Maariv Online (17 January 2025). "Gov't meeting to approve hostage deal begins". Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 17 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
13. ^ a b c Boxerman, Aaron (17 January 2025). "Live Updates: Israeli Government Approves Gaza Cease-Fire". New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
14. ^ a b "Israel-Hamas cease-fire deal: Israeli cabinet approves deal signed by negotiators". Fox News. 17 January 2025. Archived from the original on 17 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
15. ^ a b c d e f g "Here's what's on the table for Israel and Hamas in the latest cease-fire plan". AP News. 2 May 2024. Archived from the original on 12 January 2025. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
16. ^ Mednick, Sam (6 May 2024). "Hamas accepts Gaza cease-fire; Israel says it will continue talks but presses on with Rafah attacks". AP News. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
17. ^ "Hamas views Israel ceasefire proposal 'positively', group says after Biden's speech". Middle East Eye. 31 May 2024. Archived from the original on 14 January 2025. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
18. ^ "'The Israelis are intentionally sabotaging the deal': Hamas official". Al Jazeera English. 10 February 2025.
19. ^ a b "Hamas has failed to provide Israel list with status of hostages to be freed". www.timesofisrael.com. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
20. ^ a b Salman, Abeer; Khadder, Kareem; Izso, Lauren (10 February 2025). "Hamas says it is postponing next hostage release, claiming Israel has broken terms of deal". CNN. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
21. ^ a b "Hamas suspends Gaza hostage releases until further notice, citing Israeli violations". The Jerusalem Post. 10 February 2025. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
22. ^ "Hamas says delaying Saturday hostage release; Abbas signs decree ending 'pay to slay'". www.timesofisrael.com. 10 February 2025. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
23. ^ a b Liptak, Kevin; Judd, Donald (10 February 2025). "Trump says 'all hell is going to break out' if Hamas doesn't release hostages by Saturday at noon". CNN Politics. CNN. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
24. ^ a b "Hamas confirms it will release captives as planned, ceasefire deal back on track". Al Jazeera. 13 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
25. ^ a b "Hamas says it will release hostages as planned, has agreed to continue with ceasefire". The Times of Israel. 13 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
26. ^ a b c "Three Israeli hostages in Gaza handed over to Red Cross". CNN. 15 February 2025. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
27. ^ a b Karni, Dana; Lilieholm, Lucas (22 February 2025). "Human remains returned by Hamas to Israel confirmed as those of former hostage Shiri Bibas". CNN. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
28. ^ a b c "Netanyahu says prisoners will not be freed until hostage released without Hamas hoopla". www.timesofisrael.com. 22 February 2025. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
29. ^ a b Borger, Julian (22 February 2025). "Hamas hands over six hostages but Israel suspends release of 600 Palestinians". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2025.
30. ^ a b "Israel and Hamas agree on new exchange, leaving fragile ceasefire intact". Associated Press. 26 February 2025. Retrieved 26 February 2025.
31. ^ "Hamas rejects Israel's 'formulation' to extend phase one of Gaza ceasefire". Al Jazeera. 1 March 2025. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
32. ^ "Israel endorses US plan to extend ceasefire, claims Hamas refusing, warns war can restart". The Times of Israel. 1 March 2025.
33. ^ "Hamas demands implementation of second ceasefire phase". Agence France Presse. 2 March 2025 – via Al Arabiya.
34. ^ "Israel blocks entry of all goods, supplies into Gaza". Al Jazeera. 2 March 2025.
35. ^ "Israel says it's stopping entry of aid into Gaza over Hamas's refusal to extend ceasefire". The Times of Israel. 2 March 2025.
36. ^ England, Andrew; Zilber, Neri (26 February 2025). "Israel seeks Gaza ceasefire extension while shunning talks to end war". Financial Times. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
37. ^ "Israel supports US proposal to extend ceasefire's first phase". Tivyside Advertiser. 2 March 2025. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
38. ^ "Arab states and UN condemn Gaza aid blockade by Israel". www.bbc.com. 3 March 2025. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
39. ^ "Israel says it is cutting off its electricity supply to Gaza". Associated Press. 9 March 2025.
40. ^ "Hamas agrees to release Israeli-American captive, 4 bodies". Al Jazeera. 14 March 2025.
41. ^ "Hamas says it received proposal from mediators to restart Gaza ceasefire negotiations and agreed to it". Reuters. 14 March 2025 – via Arab News.
42. ^ "U.S. disputes Hamas claim that it agreed to release American hostage". Axios. 14 March 2025.
43. ^ a b Multiple sources:
* Shurafa, Wafaa; Mednick, Sam (18 March 2025). "Israel launches deadly wave of airstrikes across Gaza after ceasefire talks stall". AP News. Deir al-Balah, Gaza Strip. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
* Shurafa, Wafaa; Magdy, Samy (20 March 2025). "Strikes in Gaza kill 85 overnight, bringing the total since Israel broke ceasefire to nearly 600". AP News. Deir al-Balah, Gaza Strip. Retrieved 26 March 2025. "Hours later, Hamas fired three rockets at Israel without causing casualties, in the first such attack since Israel broke the ceasefire on Tuesday."
* Martínez, A; Lonsdorf, Kat (20 March 2025). "Israel launches new ground invasion into Gaza after breaking ceasefire". NPR. Retrieved 1 April 2025. "Israel has launched a new ground offensive in Gaza after it broke the nearly two-month-long ceasefire with Hamas."
44. ^ a b "Why Did Israel Restart the War in Gaza?".
45. ^ a b Pomeroy, Gabriel (19 March 2025). "Netanyahu calls strikes on Gaza 'only the beginning' as hundreds reported killed". BBC News. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
46. ^ "Egypt and Jordan are trying to calm the conflict". The New York Times. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
47. ^ Fassihi, Farnaz (24 October 2024). "Cease-fire Calls Dominate Fiery U.N. Security Council Session". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
48. ^ Kershner, Isabel; Leatherby, Lauren; Yee, Vivian; Boxerman, Aaron (30 October 2023). "Israelis Advance on Gaza City, as Netanyahu Rules Out Cease-Fire". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
49. ^ "Arab Envoys Tell Blinken They Want Cease-Fire Now". Bloomberg News. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
50. ^ "Blinken says cease-fire in Gaza would 'leave Hamas in place'". The Washington Post. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
51. ^ Abi-Habib, Maria; Rosenberg, Matthew (8 November 2023). "Israel and Hamas Nearly Struck a Deal to Free Up to 50 Hostages". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
52. ^ Berg, Matt (3 November 2024). "Israel will keep bombarding Gaza with 'all of its power,' Netanyahu says after Blinken calls for pause". Politico. Archived from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
53. ^ Nereim, Vivian (7 November 2023). "Arab States Intensify Pleas for Gaza Cease-fire as Public Anger Mounts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
54. ^ Al Omran, Ahmed; Bayoumy, Yara (11 November 2023). "Iran and Saudi Arabia, Regional Rivals, Call for Gaza Cease-Fire". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
55. ^ DeYoung, Karen (18 November 2023). "U.S. close to deal with Israel and Hamas to pause conflict, free some hostages". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
56. ^ Said, Summer; Lieber, Dov; Malsin, Jared (22 November 2023). "Israel, Hamas Reach Deal to Release 50 Hostages". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
57. ^ Said, Summer; Malsin, Jared; Lubold, Gordon; Kalin, Stephen; Lieber, Dov (23 November 2023). "Inside the Secret Israel-Hamas Negotiations to Release 50 Hostages". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
58. ^ Minsberg, Talya; Bayoumy, Yara; Yee, Vivian (27 November 2023). "Hamas and Israel Extend Cease-Fire for 2 Days, Qatar Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
59. ^ Kingsley, Patrick; Hubbard, Ben; Fuller, Thomas (27 November 2023). "Israel Resumes Offensive in Gaza Strip After Truce With Hamas Ends". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
60. ^ Baker, Peter; Demirjian, Karoun (3 December 2023). "U.S. Is Pressing Israel and Hamas to Resume Talks, White House Official Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 April 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
61. ^ Magdy, Samy; Jobain, Najib; Federman, Josef (25 December 2023). "Egypt floats plan to end Israel-Hamas war. The proposal gets a cool reception". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 7 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
62. ^ Neuman, Scott; Estrin, Daniel; DeRose, Jason (27 December 2023). "The latest Israel-Hamas cease-fire proposal drops details of future governance of Gaza". NPR. Archived from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
63. ^ Fassihi, Farnaz; Kingsley, Patrick; Boxerman, Aaron; Levenson, Michael (20 December 2023). "Gaza Truce Talks Bog Down Over Disputes on Aid Inspections". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
64. ^ Boxerman, Aaron; Kingsley, Patrick; Rasgon, Adam (24 January 2024). "Israel and Hamas's Cease-Fire and Hostage Deal Proposals: What to Know". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
65. ^ Fassihi, Farnaz; Kingsley, Patrick; Boxerman, Aaron; Levenson, Michael (20 December 2023). "Gaza Truce Talks Bog Down Over Disputes on Aid Inspections". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
66. ^ Hudson, John; Parker, Claire (25 January 2024). "Biden to deploy CIA director to help broker major Gaza deal". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
67. ^ Kingsley, Patrick; Wong, Edward (27 January 2024). "How Leaders and Diplomats Are Trying to End the Gaza War". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
68. ^ Rasgon, Adam; Saad, Hwaida; Patil, Anushka (30 January 2024). "Hamas's political chief says the group is studying a new proposal for a pause in fighting". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
69. ^ Boxerman, Aaron; Shear, Michael (4 February 2024). "Hamas is still weighing a proposal to halt fighting". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
70. ^ Shear, Michael; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Green, Erica (4 March 2024). "Harris Pushes for Pause in Fighting in Meeting With Top Israeli Official". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
71. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (7 March 2024). "Gaza ceasefire talks show no sign of progress, US says onus on Hamas". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
72. ^ Ravid, Barak (4 March 2024). "Hamas' top priority in hostage deal is Palestinians' return to northern Gaza". Axios. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
73. ^ Ravid, Barak (9 March 2024). "Hostage talks intensify as fears rise of violence during Ramadan". Axios. Archived from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
74. ^ Gupta, Gaya (15 March 2024). "Netanyahu calls Hamas's demands 'ludicrous' and proceeds with plans for a ground invasion in Rafah". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
75. ^ Ravid, Barak (18 March 2024). "Israel and Hamas start detailed hostage negotiations for first time in months". Axios. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
76. ^ Bergman, Ronen; Barnes, Julian; Boxerman, Aaron (15 March 2024). "Hamas Softens Demand for Permanent Cease-Fire in Truce Talks, Officials Say". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
77. ^ Boxerman, Aaron (19 March 2024). "Israel's Spy Chief Returns Home as Cease-Fire Talks Continue in Qatar". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
78. ^ Ravid, Barak (25 March 2024). "Netanyahu provoking crisis with White House for domestic politics: U.S. officials". Axios. Archived from the original on 25 March 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
79. ^ Ravid, Barak (26 March 2024). "Gaza hostage talks deadlock and spark U.S.-Israel blame game". Axios. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
80. ^ Boxerman, Aaron; Rasgon, Adam; Bigg, Matthew; Levenson, Michael (1 April 2024). "Israeli Strikes Kill 7 Aid Workers in Gaza". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
81. ^ Green, Erica (2 April 2024). "Biden denounces killing of aid workers, saying Israel has 'not done enough to protect civilians.'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 April 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
82. ^ Ravid, Barak (4 April 2024). "Biden's ultimatum to Bibi: Change Gaza policy or we will". Axios. Archived from the original on 22 April 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
83. ^ Baker, Peter (5 April 2024). "Biden urges Egypt and Qatar to push Hamas on a hostage and cease-fire deal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
84. ^ Loveluck, Louisa; Hauslohner, Abigail; Parker, Claire; Harb, Hajar; Masih, Niha; Hassan, Jennifer (7 April 2024). "Israel withdraws most troops from south at six-month mark of Gaza war". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
85. ^ a b "Gaza ceasefire talks stall as Israel and Hamas dig in". Al Jazeera. 3 April 2024.
86. ^ Ravid, Barak (8 April 2024). "U.S. delivers new proposal for Israel-Hamas hostage and ceasefire deal". Axios. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
87. ^ Kingsley, Patrick; Bashir, Abu Bakr (8 April 2018). "Cease-fire talks continue to sputter despite a new U.S. proposal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
88. ^ "Hoyer Statement Urging Qatar to Apply Pressure on Hamas to Accept Reasonable Hostage Release and Temporary Ceasefire". hoyer.house.gov. 15 April 2024.
89. ^ "Will Qatar withdrawal from the Gaza mediation file allow Turkiye to play a greater role?". 22 April 2024. Archived from the original on 21 July 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
90. ^ Boxerman, Aaron (18 April 2024). "Qatar Says It Is Reviewing Its Mediator Role as Israel-Hamas Talks Stall". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
91. ^ Barnes, Julian; Boxerman, Aaron (18 April 2024). "C.I.A. Director Blames Hamas for Stalled Peace Talks". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
92. ^ "Hamas 'serious' about captives' release but not without Gaza ceasefire". Al Jazeera. 26 April 2024. Archived from the original on 21 July 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
93. ^ Rasgon, Adam (27 April 2024). "Hamas Says It Is Reviewing Israeli Proposal on Cease-Fire Deal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
94. ^ Ravid, Barak (27 April 2024). "Israel open to discussing "sustainable calm" in Gaza after initial hostage release: officials". Axios. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
95. ^ a b c "Netanyahu vows to invade Rafah 'with or without a deal' as cease-fire talks with Hamas continue". AP News. 30 April 2024. Archived from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
96. ^ Kingsley, Patrick; Rasgon, Adam (29 April 2024). "Israel is open to a truce involving an initial release of 33 hostages, officials say". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
97. ^ Baker, Peter (29 April 2024). "Biden speaks to the leaders of Egypt and Qatar to press for Hamas's agreement on a new cease-fire". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
98. ^ Wong, Edward (29 April 2024). "Blinken Meets With Arab Officials to Discuss Gaza and Postwar Plans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
99. ^ "Netanyahu vows to invade Rafah regardless of cease-fire deal". The Washington Post. 30 April 2024. Archived from the original on 4 May 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
100. ^ a b "Hamas official says Blinken ceasefire comments are attempt to pressure the group". 1 May 2024. Archived from the original on 3 May 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
101. ^ Magid, Jacob (2 May 2024). "Hamas indicates it will snub latest hostage deal offer, but says talks to continue". The Times of Israel.
102. ^ Kadabashy, Kateryna (2 May 2024). "Hamas Says Truce Deal Being Studied in 'Positive Spirit'". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 3 May 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
103. ^ Boxerman, Aaron (4 May 2024). "A Hamas delegation was in Cairo for cease-fire talks". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
104. ^ Rasgon, Adam (5 May 2024). "Cease-Fire Talks Between Israel and Hamas Again at an Impasse". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
105. ^ a b Greene, Richard Allen (3 March 2024). "Israel not sending delegation to Cairo for Gaza talks, Israeli official says". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
106. ^ a b c d e Keating, Joshua (8 May 2024). "Israel and Hamas aren't that far apart in ceasefire talks. A deal will still be tough". Vox. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
107. ^ "Press Briefing by Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre and National Security Communications Advisor John Kirby". The White House. 6 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024. "I think it's safe to conclude that that response came as a result or at the end of these continued discussions that Director Burns was part of."
108. ^ a b "Israel Gaza: Hamas says it accepts ceasefire proposal". 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
109. ^ "Hamas, Israel delegations leave Cairo following 2-day round of negotiations". EgyptToday. 9 May 2024.
110. ^ "Exclusive: Hamas refuses changes to ceasefire proposal as delegation leaves Cairo". Middle East Eye. 9 May 2024.
111. ^ Farhat, Beatrice; Szuba, Jared; Bassist, Rina (9 May 2024). "CIA director, Israel and Hamas leave Egypt talks with no deal reached". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 21 July 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
112. ^ a b c d e "Video shows PA president calling to congratulate Palestinian terrorist released in Gaza deal". The Times of Israel. 25 January 2025. Archived from the original on 25 January 2025. Retrieved 25 January 2025.
113. ^ Foer, Franklin (25 September 2024). "THE WAR THAT WOULD NOT END". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 29 September 2024. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
114. ^ "Biden says Israel has agreed to 'enduring' Gaza ceasefire proposal". Al Jazeera. 31 May 2024. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
115. ^ Ramaswamy, Swapna (31 May 2024). "Israel has offered a plan for 6 week Gaza cease-fire and hostage release, Biden says". USA Today. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
116. ^ a b c Soroka, Lior; Morris, Loveday; Bisset, Victoria; Pietsch, Bryan (1 June 2024). "Pressure builds on Netanyahu to advance Gaza cease-fire deal". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
117. ^ "Families of hostages call for Israel and Hamas to accept cease-fire proposal pushed by Biden". CBS News. 1 June 2024. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
118. ^ Walker, Marcus; Said, Summer; Keller-Lynn, Carrie (1 June 2024). "Why Biden's Cease-Fire Push in Gaza Faces Tough Obstacles". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
119. ^ Debusmann, Bernd (2 June 2024). "US expects Israel will accept Gaza ceasefire plan if Hamas does". BBC News. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
120. ^ Sanchez, Raf (3 June 2024). "Biden's description of cease-fire offer 'not accurate,' Israeli official tells NBC News". NBC News. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
121. ^ a b Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Sanger, David (31 May 2024). "Biden Calls for End to Gaza War, Endorsing Israeli Cease-Fire Proposal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
122. ^ Boxerman, Aaron (1 June 2024). "After Biden's Push for Truce, Netanyahu Calls Israel's War Plans Unchanged". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
123. ^ Mednick, Sam; Shurafa, Wafaa (1 June 2024). "Israeli leader Netanyahu faces growing pressure at home after Biden's Gaza proposal". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
124. ^ Clayton, Freddie (2 June 2024). "Netanyahu aide says Israel agreed to Biden's cease-fire plan for Gaza". NBC News. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
125. ^ "UN Security Council adopts a cease-fire resolution aimed at ending Israel-Hamas war in Gaza". 11 June 2024. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
126. ^ "Hamas, Islamic Jihad Say Gaza Truce Response Urges Halt To 'Aggression'". Barron's. Agence France Presse. 11 June 2024. Archived from the original on 16 December 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
127. ^ Bergman, Lazar (11 June 2024). "Blinken discusses hostage proposal, 'day after' Gaza war in meeting with Netanyahu". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
128. ^ Crowley, Michael (12 June 2024). "Blinken Calls Hamas Changes to Cease-Fire Proposal Unworkable". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
129. ^ "Hamas official denies requesting amendments to proposed Gaza ceasefire deal: Report". Al Jazeera. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
130. ^ "Qatar working to 'bridge the gap' between Israel and Hamas". France24. 21 June 2024. Archived from the original on 2 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
131. ^ "Netanyahu says he will only accept a partial cease-fire deal that would not end the war". Associated Press. 24 June 2024. Archived from the original on 2 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
132. ^ a b "Hamas said to reject proposal for hostage-ceasefire deal before receiving it". The TImes of Israel. 26 July 2024. "The demand to remain in Philadelphi appeared to contradict the framework approved in May, which envisioned Israel withdrawing from the entirety of the Gaza Strip during the second of the deal's three six-week phases."
133. ^ "A narrow corridor in Gaza has become an obstacle to a ceasefire". The Economist. 9 September 2024. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 1 January 2025. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
134. ^ "Netanyahu's border proposal threatens Gaza ceasefire talks". Al Jazeera. 5 September 2024. Archived from the original on 26 November 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
135. ^ a b Masquelier-Page, Alice (20 August 2024). "Why is Israel demanding control over 2 Gaza corridors in the cease-fire talks?". The Associated Press. Archived from the original on 24 December 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
136. ^ a b Friedman, Thomas L. (3 September 2024). "How Netanyahu Is Trying to Save Himself, Elect Trump and Defeat Harris". The New York Times.
137. ^ a b "Dealbreaker? Hostages 'sacrificed' on the altar of Netanyahu's plan for Gaza, say critics". CBC News. 5 September 2024.
138. ^ a b "As U.S. readies last cease-fire push, Netanyahu digs in on border demands". The Washington Post. 3 September 2024.
139. ^ Michaelson, Ruth (30 May 2024). "Egypt tight-lipped over Israeli takeover of Gaza buffer zone". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
140. ^ "Hamas says Israel's offensive in north Gaza could sink cease-fire efforts". Associated Press. 8 July 2024. Archived from the original on 9 August 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
141. ^ "Coalition source: PM manufacturing Philadelphi issue in order to scuttle hostage deal, stay in power". The Times of Israel. 4 September 2024. Archived from the original on 11 September 2024. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
142. ^ Fink, Rachel (19 September 2024). "New Evidence Reveals Netanyahu's Relentless Efforts to Block Hostage Deal, Report Shows". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 10 January 2025. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
143. ^ Krever, Mick; Anderson, Becky; Diamond, Jeremy; Karni, Dana (4 September 2024). "Netanyahu derailed a potential Gaza hostage deal in July, Israeli newspaper reports". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 December 2024. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
144. ^ Ward, Alexander (19 September 2024). "U.S. Officials Concede Gaza Cease-Fire Out of Reach for Biden". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 31 December 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
145. ^ Lemire, Jonathan; Gramer, Robbie (2 October 2024). "Biden confronts the limits of his influence over Israel". Politico. Archived from the original on 8 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
146. ^ Barnes, Julian E.; Goldman, Adam; Wong, Edward (4 October 2024). "Hamas Leader Is Holding Out for a Bigger War, U.S. Officials Say". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2025. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
147. ^ "Israeli army to remain in Gaza 'for many years': Smotrich". Al Jazeera English. 1 November 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
148. ^ Kubovich, Yaniv (13 October 2024). "Israeli Defense Officials: Gov't Pushing Aside Hostage Deal, Eyeing Gaza Annexation". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 15 October 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
149. ^ Mills, Andrew; Pamuk, Humeyra; Spetalnick, Matt (4 December 2024). "Exclusive: Trump's Middle East envoy in diplomatic push to help reach Gaza ceasefire before inauguration". Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 December 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
150. ^ Mason, Jeff (16 December 2024). "Trump again warns Hamas to release hostages soon, or 'It's not going to be pleasant'". Reuters.
151. ^ Banco, Erin; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (17 December 2024). "Netanyahu to Cairo, Gaza ceasefire deal expected in coming days, sources say". Reuters.
152. ^ "Gaza mediators intensify ceasefire efforts, Israeli strikes kill 20 people". Reuters. 18 December 2024.
153. ^ "Final draft of Gaza truce deal presented after 'breakthrough'". Reuters. 13 January 2025.
154. ^ "Palestinian Islamic Jihad official says joined Gaza prisoner swap talks in Qatar". AFP. 15 January 2025 – via Arab News.
155. ^ Brennan, David (16 January 2025). "Israeli strikes kill 86 in Gaza since ceasefire announced, officials say". ABC News. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
156. ^ "Security cabinet approves hostage-ceasefire deal; full cabinet meets to review, vote on it". Times of Israel. 17 January 2025. Archived from the original on 18 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
157. ^ Liptak, Kevin; Williams, Michael; Carvajal, Nikki; Treene, Alayna; Saenz, Arlette (15 January 2025). "How the Biden and Trump teams worked together to get the Gaza ceasefire and hostages deal done". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
158. ^ Bermudez, Krystal (13 January 2025). "What does Donald Trump's "Hell to Pay" look like?". FDD. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
159. ^ a b c d e "Text of the Gaza ceasefire proposal approved by Hamas". Al Jazeera. 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 7 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
160. ^ a b TV7 Israel News, Hamas to release the bodies of Bibas family; Hezbollah vows to resist Israel on YouTube, 19 February 2025, minutes 0:42–0:57; 3:47–5:40.
161. ^ "Hamas hands over three hostages as Gaza truce begins". cnn.com. CNN. 19 January 2025. Archived from the original on 19 January 2025. Retrieved 19 January 2025.
162. ^ Marx, Willem (19 January 2025). "Ceasefire goes into effect in Gaza, Israel says, after initial delay". npr.org. NPR. Archived from the original on 19 January 2025. Retrieved 19 January 2025.
163. ^ "Gaza ceasefire begins after delay as Hamas names hostages to be released Sunday". NPR. Associated Press. 19 January 2025. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
164. ^ Boxerman, Aaron; Shbair, Bilal; Yazbek, Hiba; Kershner, Isabel; Maag, Christopher (19 January 2025). "Gazans and Israelis Dare to Hope as Cease-Fire Takes Hold". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
165. ^ "Israel-Hamas live updates: Three Israeli hostages handed to Red Cross in Gaza". nbcnews.com. NBC News. Archived from the original on 19 January 2025. Retrieved 19 January 2025.
166. ^ a b c Tondo, Lorenzo; Taha, Sufian (20 January 2025). "'My arrest was unjustified': released Palestinians decry their imprisonment". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
167. ^ Da Silva, Chantal; Daniele Hamamdjian, Daniele (21 January 2025). "Palestinians celebrate release of 90 prisoners and detainees held by Israel in first phase of ceasefire deal". NBC News. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
168. ^ "What we know about the Gaza hostage and prisoner exchange". Reuters. 20 January 2025. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
169. ^ "From Behind Bars to Freedom: Palestinian Prisoners Speak Out on Repression and Torture in Israeli Prisons". Palestine Chronicle. 20 January 2025. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
170. ^ "'They tried to break our morale in every possible way': Freed Palestinian women prisoners reveal torture in Israeli jails". The New Arab.
171. ^ a b c "Who are the Palestinians released by Israel in exchange for hostages?". The Washington Post. 25 January 2025.
172. ^ "מבצע "כנפי דרור": כך נערכים בצה"ל להחזרת החטופים". Walla. 15 January 2025.
173. ^ "Hunger in Gaza: First aid trucks roll in as ceasefire takes effect". World Food Programme. 19 January 2025. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
174. ^ "Aid trucks cross into Gaza after Israel-Hamas ceasefire". NBC News. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
175. ^ "Hamas names four Israeli female soldier hostages to be freed in second swap". Reuters. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 24 January 2025.
176. ^ Beake, Nick; Tasch, Barbara (25 January 2025). "Four Israeli hostages released by Hamas during staged handover". BBC. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
177. ^ "'Resistance broke my chains after 20 years in Israeli prison,' says freed Palestinian". Middle East Monitor. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
178. ^ "'Graveyards for the living': Freed Palestinian prisoner exposes inhumane conditions in Israeli jails". www.aa.com.tr. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
179. ^ "The Release of 200 Palestinian Prisoners Sentenced to Life Imprisonment and High Sentences by Illegal Military Courts". www.addameer.org. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
180. ^ "200 Palestinian prisoners released to jubilant scenes in West Bank". www.bbc.com. 25 January 2025. Retrieved 25 January 2025.
181. ^ "Administrative Detention". B'Tselem. Archived from the original on 15 February 2025. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
182. ^ "Israel Releases 200 Palestinian Prisoners". The New York Times. 25 January 2025. Retrieved 25 January 2025.
183. ^ a b "Hamas frees 4 female Israeli soldiers in exchange for 200 Palestinian prisoners as ceasefire holds". AP News. 25 January 2025. Retrieved 25 January 2025.
184. ^ Odenheimer, Natan; Livni, Ephrat; Minsberg, Talya; Bigg, Matthew Mpoke (25 January 2025). "Here's What We Know About the 4 Released Hostages". The New York Times.
185. ^ "Arbel Yehoud, Agam Berger, Gadi Moses to be released from Gaza on Thursday". The Jerusalem Post. 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
186. ^ "Eight hostages released from Gaza as 110 Palestinian prisoners to be freed". CNN. 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
187. ^ Spiro, Amy (30 January 2025). "Israel identifies five Thai hostages released by Hamas". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
188. ^ "Iran Update, January 30, 2025". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
189. ^ a b Berg, Raffi; Cuddy, Alice (30 January 2025). "Israeli and Thai hostages released from Gaza under ceasefire deal". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
190. ^ a b "Israel says it's holding up release of Palestinian prisoners until safety of future releases can be guaranteed". The Times of Israel. 30 January 2025.
191. ^ "Netanyahu's office says Israel received guarantees on avoiding mobs in hostage releases". The Times of Israel. 30 January 2025.
192. ^ "Who are the Palestinian prisoners released in exchange for Israeli hostages?". Associated Press. 30 January 2025. Retrieved 5 February 2025.
193. ^ "Who are the Palestinian prisoners released in exchange for Israeli hostages?". Associated Press. 30 January 2025.
194. ^ "Hamas names three captives to be released in Gaza tomorrow". Al Jazeera. 31 January 2025.
195. ^ "Hostages slated to be freed from Gaza tomorrow are Ofer Calderon, Keith Siegel and Yarden Bibas — officials". The Times of Israel. 31 January 2025.
196. ^ "Here is what we know about the captives to be released from Gaza tomorrow". Al Jazeera. 31 January 2025.
197. ^ a b "Middle East latest: Hamas frees 3 hostages, Israel releases Palestinians as part of ceasefire deal". Associated Press. 1 February 2025.
198. ^ "Palestinians claim Hamas commander, previously reported killed, to oversee hostage handover". Ynet. 1 February 2025.
199. ^ "IDF acknowledges senior Hamas leader was not killed in Gaza strike". The Times of Israel. 1 February 2025.
200. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (1 February 2025). "183 Palestinian security prisoners released after Hamas sets free 3 civilian hostages". Times of Israel. Retrieved 2 February 2025.
201. ^ "Hamas names three captives to be freed on Saturday". Al Jazeera. 7 February 2025.
202. ^ "Israeli Hostages Eli Sharabi, Ohad Ben Ami and Or Levy to Be Released Saturday". Haaretz. 7 February 2025.
203. ^ a b "Hamas releases 3 frail-looking Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners under Gaza ceasefire". Associated Press. 8 February 2025. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
204. ^ a b Boxerman, Aaron (8 February 2025). "Hamas Releases 3 More Israeli Hostages in Tense Exchange: Live Updates". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
205. ^ Howard, Jacqueline (8 February 2025). "Freed Israeli hostage Eli Sharabi looks gaunt, British family says". BBC News. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
206. ^ "Seven Palestinians released by Israel admitted to hospital". Al Jazeera. 8 January 2025.
207. ^ "Israel/OPT: Release of Palestinian aid worker after nearly nine years of unjust imprisonment ends appalling miscarriage of justice". Amnesty International. 7 February 2025.
208. ^ Debre, Isabel (8 February 2025). "Who are the Palestinian prisoners released in exchange for Israeli hostages?". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
209. ^ Aharoni, Lihan; Hachmon, Alon (8 February 2025). "Israel releases 183 Palestinian prisoners in fifth wave of Gaza ceasefire deal". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
210. ^ "Palestinian prisoners show frailty and abuse, like Israeli hostages". UPI. 9 February 2025. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
211. ^ "Trump: Patience with Hamas running out, freed hostages 'looked like Holocaust survivors'". www.timesofisrael.com. 10 February 2025. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
212. ^ "Simon Walters X account". 8 February 2025.
213. ^ "'Like Muselmann in the Holocaust': Hostages' starved condition draws Israeli ire". The Jerusalem Post. 8 February 2025. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
214. ^ Saeed, Samar (5 February 2025). "Palestinian political prisoners are hostages of Israel". The New Arab. Archived from the original on 8 February 2025. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
215. ^ a b Jakes, Lara; Odenheimer, Natan; Livni, Ephrat (9 February 2025). "Israeli Troops Withdraw From Key Zone Bisecting Gaza". New York Times.
216. ^ "US, Egyptian security personnel inspect Palestinian traffic on key Gaza route". The New Arab. 11 February 2025.
217. ^ "PIJ's armed wing names one of the captives to be released tomorrow". Al Jazeera. 14 February 2025. Retrieved 14 February 2025.
218. ^ "Hamas names three captives to be released in Gaza tomorrow". Al Jazeera. 14 February 2025. Retrieved 14 February 2025.
219. ^ "Hamas names 3 more Israeli hostages set for release to uphold shaky Gaza ceasefire". Associated Press. 14 February 2025. Retrieved 14 February 2025.
220. ^ "Hostage Eitan Horn's car, stolen on October 7, seen in ceremony in which his brother was released". The Jerusalem Post. 15 February 2025.
221. ^ a b c "Four Palestinians released by Israel hospitalised in critical condition". Al Jazeera. 15 February 2025.
222. ^ a b "'We won't forget nor forgive': Israel releases 369 prisoners wearing sweatshirt with message". The Jerusalem Post. 15 February 2025.
223. ^ "'The biggest joy of my life', Palestinian woman says as father released". BBC News. 15 February 2025.
224. ^ "Who are the Palestinian prisoners released in exchange for Israeli hostages?". CityNews Halifax. 15 February 2025.
225. ^ "Hamas frees 3 hostages, Israel releases hundreds of prisoners as fragile ceasefire holds". Associated Press. 15 February 2025. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
226. ^ a b Pomeroy, Gabriela (18 February 2025). "Hamas says it will return bodies of four hostages including Bibas family". BBC News. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
227. ^ a b c d Lonsdorf, Kat; Estrin, Daniel (20 February 2025). "Hamas releases the bodies of four Israeli hostages, including mother and young sons". NPR. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
228. ^ a b "Hamas threatened to halt slain hostages' release after ICRC refused to partake in ceremony - N12". The Jerusalem Post. 20 February 2025. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
229. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (20 February 2025). "Bodies believed to be of 4 slain hostages brought to Israel, 503 days after they were taken alive". www.timesofisrael.com. ToI Staff. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
230. ^ "UN rights chief: parading of bodies in Gaza abhorrent". The Jerusalem Post. 20 February 2025. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
231. ^ "Hamas put propaganda material in hostages' coffins, Israel fumes to mediators — report". www.timesofisrael.com. 20 February 2025. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
232. ^ "Family of hostage Oded Lifshitz says his body has been identified". The Times of Israel. 20 February 2025. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
233. ^ "Oded Lifshitz was slain in captivity over a year ago, forensic institute chief says". The Times of Israel. 20 February 2025. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
234. ^ "'Unspeakably evil': Kfir, Ariel Bibas were brutally murdered in Gaza captivity, not by IAF strike". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 24 February 2025.
235. ^ a b "IDF: Remains of Kfir and Ariel Bibas identified, but 3rd body sent by Hamas is not their mother Shiri". www.timesofisrael.com. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
236. ^ "Israel says body of captive is not Shiri Bibas, accuses Hamas of 'violation of utmost severity'". Al Jazeera. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
237. ^ "Israeli military claims Hamas killed child captives". Al Jazeera. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
238. ^ "Remains ID'd of Oded Lifshitz, Ariel and Kfir Bibas, but other body isn't the boys' mom Shiri". The Times of Israel. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
239. ^ "Hamas says Shiri Bibas remains mixed with other human remains after Israeli airstrike". Al Arabiya. Reuters. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
240. ^ "Hamas claims Shiri Bibas's remains were mixed with other human remains in rubble of airstrike". The Times of Israel. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
241. ^ "No interest in 'keeping any bodies' of Israeli captives: Hamas". Al Jazeera. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
242. ^ "Hamas says it will probe allegations over Shiri Bibas's remains, asks Israel to return body of Gazan woman". The Times of Israel. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
243. ^ "Red Cross says it transferred body received from Hamas to Israeli authorities". The Times of Israel. 22 February 2025. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
244. ^ "Shiri Bibas's family say forensic experts have identified her body". Al Jazeera. 22 February 2025. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
245. ^ "Argentina's Milei to decree a national day of mourning for the Bibas brothers". The Jerusalem Post. 19 February 2025. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
246. ^ "Argentina to observe two days national mourning for Bibas brothers". France 24. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
247. ^ "Arab-Israeli group Atidna condemns Hamas for Bibas family murders". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 23 February 2025. Retrieved 24 February 2025.
248. ^ "Banner at Nuseirat handover site references 'dual national' Israelis". Al Jazeera. 22 February 2025. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
249. ^ "Hamas names Israeli captives to be released tomorrow". Al Jazeera. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
250. ^ "Hamas confirms names of 6 hostages slated for release from Gaza tomorrow". The Times of Israel. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
251. ^ Solomon, Eden (19 February 2025). "After a decade in Hamas captivity, two Israelis will be released from Gaza on Thursday". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 19 February 2025. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
252. ^ "Hamas frees the sixth and final hostage in the latest exchange". Associated Press. 22 February 2025. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
253. ^ a b "White House backs Israel's decision to delay releasing 600 Palestinian security prisoners". www.timesofisrael.com. Reuters. 24 February 2025. Retrieved 24 February 2025.
254. ^ "Hamas-allied group says it will release body of Israeli hostage Ohad Yahalomi on Thursday". Al Arabiya. Reuters. 26 February 2025. Retrieved 26 February 2025.
255. ^ "Hamas names four Israelis whose bodies will be handed over on Wednesday evening". Al Jazeera. 26 February 2025. Retrieved 26 February 2025.
256. ^ Boxerman, Aaron; Rasgon, Adam; Odenheimer, Natan; Livni, Ephrat (26 February 2025). "Israel and Hamas Exchange Prisoners and Hostage Remains". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 February 2025.
257. ^ "Hamas hands over bodies of 4 hostages to Israel as dozens of Palestinians leave Israeli prison". Associated Press. 26 February 2025. Retrieved 26 February 2025.
258. ^ Lis, Jonathan (27 February 2025). "Bodies of Four Israeli Hostages Returned by Hamas Positively Identified". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
259. ^ "PM's office: Yahalomi, Idan and Elgarat were murdered in captivity; Mantzur killed Oct. 7". The Times of Israel. 27 February 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
260. ^ "Israel said to return body of Gazan woman that Hamas sent instead of Shiri Bibas". Reuters. 27 February 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2025 – via The Times of Israel.
261. ^ "Israel released 596 Palestinian prisoners Thursday, 46 more to be freed: NGO". Agence France Presse. 27 February 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2025 – via Al Arabiya.
262. ^ Summers, Charlie (27 February 2025). "Over 600 Palestinian prisoners, including terrorists, freed as Hamas returns 4 slain hostages". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
263. ^ "Who are the Palestinian prisoners released in exchange for Israeli hostages?". Associated Press. 27 February 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2025 – via Al Arabiya.
264. ^ "Remaining Palestinian prisoners arrive in Gaza's Khan Younis". Al Jazeera. 27 February 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
265. ^ "Israel releases 46 Palestinian teens and women back to their loved ones in Gaza". Associated Press. 27 February 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
266. ^ "Gaza Media Office: 265 Violations by the Occupation Since the Ceasefire agreement". Safa News Agency - English Edition (in Arabic). 11 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
267. ^ Pita, Antonio (4 March 2025). "Gaza observes Ramadan in fear over aid block and end of ceasefire: 'We no longer have the strength to stop them from cutting off our food'". El País International.
268. ^ "At least 118 Palestinians killed by Israel in Gaza since ceasefire: Official". www.aa.com.tr. 11 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
269. ^ Rowlands, Lyndal; Jamal, Urooba; Gadzo, Mersiha; Milisic, Alma; Motamedi, Maziar; Adler, Nils (20 January 2025). "Updates: 137 bodies found in Rafah on day two of Israel-Hamas ceasefire". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
270. ^ "One minute, they were celebrating Gaza's ceasefire. The next, they were killed". CNN. 24 January 2025.
271. ^ "Palestinian child killed by Israeli sniper despite ceasefire". AJ. 20 January 2025.
272. ^ "Israeli drone, gunfire injures 2 people in Gaza: Report". Al Jazeera. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
273. ^ Rowlands, Lyndal; Gadzo, Mersiha; Jamal, Urooba; Quillen, Stephen; Harb, Ali; Marsi, Federica (22 January 2025). "Updates: Israel's deadly West Bank attack mirrors military action in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
274. ^ Rowlands, Lyndal; Gadzo, Mersiha; Jamal, Urooba; Quillen, Stephen; Harb, Ali; Marsi, Federica (22 January 2025). "Updates: Israel's deadly West Bank attack mirrors military action in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
275. ^ "IDF says troops kill Gaza terror operative who posed a threat amid ceasefire". www.timesofisrael.com. 22 January 2025. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
276. ^ "Israele, eliminato terrorista della Jihad nonostante la tregua". Sky TG24 (in Italian). Ansa. 22 January 2025. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
277. ^ Rowlands, Lyndal; Gadzo, Mersiha; Siddiqui, Usaid; Quillen, Stephen; Marsi, Federica; Stepansky, Joseph (23 January 2025). "Updates: Israel's deadly West Bank raids continue as Gaza ceasefire holds". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
278. ^ "Five-year-old among two killed in Israeli attacks amid Gaza ceasefire". Al Jazeera. 28 January 2025.
279. ^ "Israeli Navy Kills A Palestinian In Central Gaza". IMEMC News. 31 January 2025.
280. ^ "Israeli airstrike kills child, injures civilians in Gaza despite ceasefire". The New Arab. 2 February 2025.
281. ^ "Palestinian child shot dead by Israeli forces in southern Gaza Strip despite ceasefire". Anadolu Agency. 6 February 2025.
282. ^ a b "4 Palestinians killed by Israeli army fire in Gaza despite ceasefire". Anadolu Agency. 9 February 2025.
283. ^ Emanuel, Fabian (9 February 2025). "IDF fires at Palestinians who approached northern Gaza border, three said killed". The Times of Israel.
284. ^ "At least 3 Palestinians killed on return route to northern Gaza after Netzarim's opening". EFE. 9 February 2025. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
285. ^ "Palestinian youth shot dead by Israeli forces east of Gaza". Wafa. 10 February 2025. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
286. ^ "Israeli forces kill one Palestinian, injure two in Gaza". Wafa. 10 February 2025. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
287. ^ "استمرار الخروقات.. شهيد وإصابة حرجة برصاص الاحتلال غرب رفح". Al Watan. 11 February 2025. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
288. ^ "Israeli Army Kills a Palestinian, Injures Three Others, in Rafah, Demolishes a Home Near Khan Younis". IMEMC. 12 February 2025. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
289. ^ "Israel kills 1 more Palestinian, injures another in Gaza despite ceasefire". Middle East Monitor. 12 February 2025. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
290. ^ "Israeli army kills 1 more Palestinian, injures another in Rafah despite ceasefire". Anadolu Agency. 12 February 2025. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
291. ^ "2 Palestinians, including child, killed by Israeli gunfire, unexploded ordnance in Gaza". Anadolu Agency. 13 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
292. ^ "Israeli forces fire on Palestinian fishermen off Gaza coast". Middle East Eye. 14 February 2025. Retrieved 14 February 2025.
293. ^ "Israeli Forces Injure Three Palestinians, One Critically, in Gaza". IMEMC. 15 February 2025. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
294. ^ "2 Palestinians injured in Israeli drone attack in central Gaza despite ceasefire". Anadolu Agency. 15 February 2025. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
295. ^ "Israeli strike kills three members of Hamas-run police force in Gaza, interior ministry says". Reuters. 16 February 2025. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
296. ^ "Israeli Drone Strike Kills Three Palestinian Policemen, A Citizen Died of Previous Wounds". IMEMC. 17 February 2025. Retrieved 17 February 2025.
297. ^ "Two Palestinians Die From Serious Wounds Suffered In Gaza". IMEMC. 17 February 2025. Retrieved 17 February 2025.
298. ^ "Palestinian child killed by Israeli forces in Gaza's Rafah". Wafa. 19 February 2025. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
299. ^ "Israeli Army Kills A Palestinian Child In Rafah". IMEMC. 19 February 2025. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
300. ^ "One civilian killed by Israeli occupation forces' bullets east of Gaza City". Wafa. 20 February 2025. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
301. ^ "Palestinian woman killed by Israeli occupation forces in Rafah, southern Gaza". Wafa. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
302. ^ "GAZA: Israel Violates Ceasefire, Kills a Palestinian Woman in Rafah". IMEMC. 22 February 2025. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
303. ^ "Palestinian youth killed by Israeli forces' gunfire east of Gaza city". Wafa. 23 February 2025. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
304. ^ "Gaza: Child seriously injured after Israeli drone bombed civilians in Rafah". Wafa. 27 February 2025.
305. ^ "Palestinian youth killed in Israeli drone strike in Rafah". Wafa. 28 February 2025. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
306. ^ "Israeli army kills 4 Palestinians across Gaza: sources". Xinhua. 2 March 2025. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
307. ^ "Four Palestinians killed in Israeli strikes across Gaza". Daijiworld. 2 March 2025. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
308. ^ "Palestinian civilian killed by Israeli forces in central Gaza Strip". Wafa. 2 March 2025. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
309. ^ "Israeli army kills 3 Palestinians in Gaza City". Xinhua. 6 March 2025.
310. ^ "Two Palestinians killed, others injured in Israeli drone strike on Rafah". Wafa. 8 March 2025. Retrieved 8 March 2025.
311. ^ "Israeli drone strike kills two Palestinians and wounds others in Rafah". Middle East Eye. 8 March 2025. Retrieved 8 March 2025.
312. ^ "Multiple Palestinians killed and injured in Israeli airstrike near Al-Bureij refugee camp". Wafa. 10 March 2025. Retrieved 10 March 2025.
313. ^ "Five civilians killed in Israeli airstrike on gathering of citizens in central Gaza City". Wafa. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
314. ^ "Palestinian woman killed by Israeli forces in Rafah". Wafa. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
315. ^ "Israeli air strike kills four in Gaza City". Middle East Eye. 14 March 2025.
316. ^ "5 Palestinians killed in Israeli strikes in Gaza despite ceasefire". Anadolu Agency. 14 March 2025. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
317. ^ "Israeli air strike kills nine in Gaza, local ministry says, during ceasefire disputes". Reuters. 15 March 2025. Retrieved 16 March 2025.
318. ^ "Israeli strikes in Gaza kill 9, including aid workers and journalists, witnesses say". NPR. 15 March 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
319. ^ Khoury, Jack (16 March 2025). "Nine Killed in Israeli Airstrikes in Gaza, Including Journalists, Palestinian Medics Say". Haaretz. Retrieved 16 March 2025.
320. ^ Emanuel Fabian (16 March 2025). "IDF: Oct. 7 terrorist and others 'operating under guise of journalists' killed in Gaza". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
321. ^ "IDF confirms killing Al Jazeera reporter who was also a Hamas sniper". The Times of Israel. 25 March 2025. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
322. ^ Nurit Yohanan (24 March 2025). "Report: Al Jazeera reporter identified by IDF as Hamas operative killed in strike". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
323. ^ Emanuel Fabian (23 October 2024). "IDF claims uncovered documents prove 6 Al Jazeera journalists are Hamas, PIJ operatives". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
324. ^ "Three Palestinians, including a child, killed by Israeli gunfire in northern and central Gaza". Wafa. 15 March 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
325. ^ a b "Gaza authorities plead for tents, accuse Israel of obstructing aid". Al Jazeera. 3 February 2025. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
326. ^ a b Marks, Josh (12 February 2025). "Rubio: Hamas to blame if truce collapses". JNS.org. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
327. ^ a b "Israel blocks more medical evacuations from Gaza: Ministry". Al Jazeera English. 11 February 2025.
328. ^ Duenez, Diane (22 February 2025). "Israel delays release of over 600 Palestinian prisoners amid ceasefire talks". Straight Arrow News. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
329. ^ "Israel delays release of Palestinian prisoners, citing 'degrading' handovers of hostages". KIRO 7 News Seattle. 22 February 2025. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
330. ^ "Israeli official says IDF won't withdraw from Philadelphi Corridor as ceasefire stipulates". www.timesofisrael.com. 27 February 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
331. ^ "Israel is not leaving Philadelphi Corridor, official says". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 27 February 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
332. ^ Al-Bawab, Nadine; Miller, Jordana (28 February 2025). "Israel will not withdraw from Philadelphi corridor as stipulated in ceasefire". ABC News. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
333. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (25 January 2025). "4 female soldiers return to Israel after being freed by Hamas, paraded on Gaza stage". www.timesofisrael.com. ToI Staff, Agencies. Retrieved 25 January 2025.
334. ^ "Four Israeli soldiers swapped for 200 Palestinians; north Gaza shut over hostage still held". Reuters. 25 January 2025.
335. ^ a b "Hamas to release Arbel Yehoud, Agam Berger, male hostage on Thursday, three more on Saturday". The Jerusalem Post. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
336. ^ "Release of 602 Palestinian prisoners delayed until next group of hostages released 'without humiliating ceremonies', Netanyahu says". LBC. 23 February 2025. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
337. ^ Breen, Kerry; Chau, Nicole Brown (22 February 2025). "Shiri Bibas' family says her remains have been returned". CBS News. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
338. ^ "Israel blames Hamas for delay in Gaza ceasefire and hostage deal, fighting continues". CBS News/Associated Press. 19 January 2025.
339. ^ "Hamas postpones prisoner swap over Israeli 'violations' of Gaza ceasefire". TRT World. 10 February 2025. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
340. ^ Kent, Lauren (11 February 2025). "Ceasefire 'will end' if Hamas does not return hostages by Saturday, Netanyahu says". CNN. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
341. ^ "Israel PM says Gaza ceasefire will end if Hamas does not free hostages". www.bbc.com. 12 February 2025. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
342. ^ "14-year-old Palestinian killed in Israeli rocket explosion in C. Gaza". Xinhua. 14 February 2025.
343. ^ "A child was killed when an object left behind by the occupation exploded in the Gaza Strip". Al Quds. 13 February 2025.
344. ^ Koningsveld, Akiva Van (13 February 2025). "Faulty terrorist rocket said to kill Palestinian child in central Gaza". JNS.org.
345. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (13 February 2025). "IDF reportedly strikes central Gaza after rocket was launched from area". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
346. ^ "Israeli army launches airstrike in Gaza despite ceasefire deal". Anadolu Agency. 13 February 2025.
347. ^ "IDF attacks rocket launcher in Gaza that fired rocket towards Israel". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 24 February 2025. Retrieved 24 February 2025.
348. ^ "IDF says it is striking source of rocket launch in southern Gaza that fell in Strip". www.timesofisrael.com. 24 February 2025. Retrieved 24 February 2025.
349. ^ a b "Hostage families urge US, other countries to press Israel to reach deal with Hamas". The Times of Israel. 7 May 2024. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
350. ^ "Protesters briefly block Tel Aviv highway to demand deal freeing hostages in Gaza". The Times of Israel. 8 May 2024. Archived from the original on 12 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
351. ^ a b Lukiv, Jaroslav (1 June 2024). "Israeli ministers threaten to quit over ceasefire plan". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
352. ^ Williams, Dan (4 June 2024). "Netanyahu's ultra-Orthodox coalition partners back Gaza hostage deal". Reuters. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
353. ^ "Celebrations erupt in Rafah as Hamas accepts ceasefire proposal for Gaza". Global News. 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
354. ^ "Palestinians celebrate as Hamas accepts proposed cease-fire for Gaza Strip". www.aa.com.tr. 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
355. ^ "Reaction to Hamas saying it accepted Gaza ceasefire proposal". Reuters. 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
356. ^ "'Sleeping without Fear' – Gazans React to Hamas' Acceptance of Ceasefire Proposal". Palestine Chronicle. 7 May 2024. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
357. ^ Tanios, Clauda (4 June 2024). "Senior Hamas official criticizes U.S., West's calls on group to accept Biden's Gaza proposal". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
358. ^ Solender, Andrew (31 May 2024). "Gaza ceasefire plan draws rare bipartisan support in Congress". Axios. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
359. ^ "Killing of Hamas leader 'doesn't help' ceasefire talks, says Biden". BBC. 2 August 2024. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
360. ^ "Turkey's Erdogan welcomes Hamas accepting ceasefire, hopes Israel will do the same". Reuters. 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 7 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
361. ^ "Macron Urges Netanyahu To Reach Truce Deal With Hamas: France". www.barrons.com. Agence France Presse. 5 May 2024. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
362. ^ "UAE backs Qatari-Egyptian mediation for Gaza cease-fire". www.aa.com.tr. 7 May 2024. Archived from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
363. ^ "Egypt says Israeli escalation indicates no political will for ceasefire". Al Jazeera. 31 July 2024.
364. ^ "'How can mediation succeed when one side assassinates negotiator on other side': Qatari premier". Anadolu Agency. 31 July 2024. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
365. ^ "Hamas approves proposal for Gaza truce, captive exchange with Israel". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025. Archived from the original on 15 January 2025. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
366. ^ "Israel's Smotrich says ceasefire deal 'bad and dangerous'". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
367. ^ "Netanyahu issues warning ahead of Gaza ceasefire". BBC News. 19 January 2025.
368. ^ Tibon, Amir (20 January 2025). "Netanyahu Is Lying to Trump and Preparing to Sabotage the Gaza Cease-fire Deal". Haaretz.
369. ^ a b c "ISRAEL AND HAMAS AGREE GAZA CEASEFIRE DEAL TO HALT 15-MONTH WAR". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
370. ^ a b "Live updates: Israel and Hamas agree to a ceasefire in Gaza, multiple officials say". AP News. 15 January 2025. Archived from the original on 17 January 2025. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
371. ^ "Hamas official says ceasefire meets all group's conditions". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
372. ^ "Hamas thanks 'support fronts', Palestinian rights supporters". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
373. ^ "More from Hamas's al-Hayya". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
374. ^ "Palestinians imposed 'honourable' agreement on Israel: PIJ". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
375. ^ "'Gaza defeats the genocide': PFLP". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
376. ^ "Barghouti calls for Palestinian unity to deal with scars of Gaza war". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
377. ^ "In pictures: Celebrations in Gaza as ceasefire deal reached". The National. 15 January 2025. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
378. ^ "Photos: Celebrations break out across Gaza". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
379. ^ "WATCH: Palestinians celebrate ceasefire deal". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
380. ^ "Palestinians in tears in central Gaza amid hopes for end to war". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
381. ^ "Joy, Relief and Fear: Gaza in the Hours Before the Ceasefire". Novara Media. 20 January 2025.
382. ^ "Egypt's president welcomes ceasefire". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
383. ^ "Agreement could lead to increased Rafah crossing access: Former Egyptian official". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
384. ^ "Both parties agreed to timeline of deal: Qatar FM spokesman". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
385. ^ "Saudi Arabia welcomes ceasefire agreement". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
386. ^ "PM statement on the Israel-Hamas ceasefire: 15 January 2025". GOV.UK. 15 January 2025. Archived from the original on 16 January 2025. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
387. ^ Magid, Jacob (15 January 2025). "'WE HAVE A DEAL': Trump becomes first leader to announce hostage-ceasefire deal, besting Biden". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
388. ^ "Bernie Sanders welcomes 'long-overdue' Gaza ceasefire". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
389. ^ "US Vice President Harris credits Biden for ceasefire deal". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
390. ^ "Biden says his and Trump's teams worked 'as one'". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
391. ^ "Yemen's Houthis say Palestinian cause to remain primary issue". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2024.
392. ^ "Milei 'eagerly' awaiting release of Israeli-Argentine hostages". Buenos Aires Times. 17 January 2025. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
393. ^ "WHO chief welcomes ceasefire, says peace is 'best medicine'". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
394. ^ "'Ceasefire is the start – not the end': WFP". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
395. ^ "Israel must dismantle the brutal system of apartheid': Amnesty". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
396. ^ "US Muslim group lauds Trump for pushing ceasefire deal". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
397. ^ "Red Cross ready to facilitate release operations and scale up aid to Gaza". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
398. ^ "UN chief welcomes deal, says easing suffering in Gaza a priority". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
399. ^ "Gaza ceasefire 'essential and overdue': Aid group". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
400. ^ "'Any pause must become definitive ceasefire': Save the Children". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2025.
401. ^ Bishara, Marwan (4 June 2024). "Ambiguity behind ceasefire plan is 'US strategy'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
402. ^ Shatz, Adam (1 November 2024). "After Nasrallah: the road to regional war". Le Monde diplomatique. Archived from the original on 5 January 2025. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
403. ^ "Iran Update, January 16, 2025". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
404. ^ "Hamas' tight grip on Gaza complicates plan for lasting peace". Reuters. 22 January 2025.
405. ^ Rasgon, Adam; Abuheweila, Iyad (23 January 2025). "Hamas Takes Charge in Gaza After 15 Months of War". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
406. ^ "Hamas is making big comeback in Gaza during ceasefire, expert warns". The Jerusalem Post. 23 January 2025. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
407. ^ "'The day after' in Gaza is already here & Hamas isn't going anywhere". i24NEWS. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
408. ^ "Hamas presence in Gaza during truce is a message the terror group is still in charge". The Times of Israel. 22 January 2025. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
409. ^ Multiple sources:
* Shurafa, Wafaa; Frankel, Julia; Magdy, Samy (18 March 2025). "Israel's surprise bombardment plunged Palestinians back into 'hell'". Associated Press. Retrieved 18 March 2025. "The surprise wave of airstrikes ... following two months of ceasefire."
* Baba, Anas; Estrin, Daniel; Lonsdorf, Kat (18 March 2025). "Israel's surprise bombardment plunged Palestinians back into 'hell'". NPR. Retrieved 18 March 2025. "Israel launched a surprise wave of overnight strikes in Gaza early Tuesday ... after a nearly two-month ceasefire."
* "Netanyahu's testimony in graft trial canceled for the day amid shock Gaza offensive". The Times of Israel. 18 March 2025. Retrieved 18 March 2025. "...Israel's surprise attack on the Gaza Strip, which ended a two-month ceasefire."
410. ^ a b Regan, Helen; Salman, Abeer; Izso, Lauren (17 March 2025). "Gaza truce shatters as Israel carries out 'extensive' strikes and says it has 'returned to fighting'". CNN. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
411. ^ Trew, Bel (18 March 2025). "Full statement from Israeli military on Gaza strikes". The Independent. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
412. ^ "LIVE: Israel launches strikes across Gaza Strip, killing more than 200". Al Jazeera. 18 March 2025.
413. ^ Zagon, Chanel; White, Josh; Hamblin, Andrea (18 March 2025). "At least 200 killed as Israel unleashes mass strikes on Gaza". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
414. ^ Ravid, Barak (18 March 2025). "הממשלה חידשה באופן יזום את המלחמה - כשחלקים גדולים בציבור חושדים במניעיה - וואלה חדשות" [The government proactively renewed the war - with large sections of the public suspicious of its motives]. וואלה (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.

* v
* t
* e

Gaza war

* Timeline
* Outline

Background:

* History of Gaza
* Zionism
* Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* History of Hamas
* Blockade of the Gaza Strip

Engage-
ments|

| Hamas-led
attack on
Israel|

| Attacks on civilians|

* Netiv HaAsara
* Alumim
* Be'eri
* Elhanan Team
* Holit
* Kfar Aza
* Kissufim
* Nir Oz
* Nir Yitzhak
* Nahal Oz
* Nirim
* Nova music festival
* Death Shelters
* Psyduck music festival

|

Battles|

* Re'im
* Sderot
* Sufa
* Zikim
* Israeli female tank crew fight

General topics|

* Allegations of genocide
* Allegations of involvement of UNRWA employees
* Baby beheading hoax
* Denial
* Sexual and gender-based violence
* "Screams Without Words"
* Bearing Witness
* Screams Before Silence

Israeli
invasion
of Gaza|

* Beit Hanoun
* Gaza City
* Khan Yunis
* Netzarim Corridor
* Rafah
* Background
* May 2025 Gaza offensive

Attacks on
refugee camps|

* Jabalia
* 31 October
* Al-Shati
* Al-Shati and Tuffah dual airstrikes
* Al-Maghazi
* Tel al-Sultan attack
* Al-Mawasi (May)
* Nuseirat rescue and massacre
* Al-Mawasi (June)
* Al-Shati (July)
* Deir el-Balah (August)
* Al-Mawasi (September)
* Al-Mawasi (December)
* Nuseirat (December)

Attacks on schools|

* Al-Fakhoora
* Al-Sardi
* Al-Awda
* Khadija
* Hamama
* Al-Tabaeen
* Al-Jawni
* Rufaida
* Abu Hussein
* Fahmi al-Jarjawi

Attacks on
health facilities|

* Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion
* Al-Shifa Hospital siege
* alleged military use
* Gaza Strip mass graves
* Kamal Adwan Hospital sieges
* Detention of Hussam Abu Safiya
* Killing of health workers
* Nasser Hospital siege
* Nasser Hospital mass graves
* 14 October 2024 Al-Aqsa Hospital attack
* 2025 Gaza European Hospital strikes

Other attacks|

* Airstrikes on municipal services in Gaza
* Attacks on religious sites
* Central Archives Destruction
* Engineer's Building airstrike
* Flour Massacre
* Kuwait Roundabout mass killings
* Palestinians evacuating Gaza City
* World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack
* 13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack
* Khan Yunis
* Deir al-Balah mosque
* Beit Lahia attacks
* Beit Lahia airstrike
* Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting
* March 2025 Israeli strikes
* Rafah paramedic massacre
* April 2025 Shuja'iyya airstrike
* Al-Najjar family massacre
* 2025 Gaza Strip aid distribution killings
* Al-Baqa Cafe airstrike

General topics|

* AI-assisted targeting
* Bombing of the Gaza Strip
* Companies involved
* Destruction of cultural heritage
* Environmental impact
* Gaza genocide
* Gaza: Doctors Under Attack
* Gaza: How to Survive a Warzone
* Hamas–Popular Forces conflict
* Israeli generals' plan
* Torture

Other
theaters|

* Israeli incursions in the West Bank
* 2024 Israeli military operation
* Killing of Benjamin Achimeir
* April 2024 Israeli settler rampages
* al-Funduq shooting
* Lehi Street bombing
* Givat Shaul shooting
* Majdal Shams attack
* Tower 22 drone attack
* Israeli incursions in Tulkarm
* 2024 Masyaf raid
* 2024 Jaffa shooting
* 2024 Tulkarm Camp airstrike

Iran–Israel conflict|

* Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus
* 2024 Iranian strikes in Israel
* April
* October
* 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran
* April
* October
* Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh
* Iran–Israel war

Israel–Hezbollah conflict
(Timeline)|

* Attacks on journalists
* Lebanese displacement
* Assassinations
* Hezbollah headquarters
* Fuad Shukr
* Ibrahim Aqil
* Saleh al-Arouri
* August 2024 Nabatieh attack
* August 2024 Israel–Lebanon strikes
* 2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks
* September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon
* Israeli invasion of Lebanon
* ceasefire
* Israeli attacks on the Lebanese health sector
* Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon
* January 2025 southern Lebanon attack

Red Sea crisis
(Timeline)|

* Operation Prosperity Guardian
* Houthi attacks on commercial vessels
* Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou
* Marlin Luanda missile strike
* Attacks on the Sounion
* Operation Poseidon Archer
* 2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel
* Israeli attack on Yemen (July 2024)
* Israeli attacks on Yemen (September 2024)
* March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen
* 2025 United States–Houthi ceasefire

Hostages|

* Hostage–prisoner exchange (2023)
* Kidnapped from Israel
* Hostages and Missing Families Forum
* Hostages Square

Rescued|

* 2024 Rafah hostage raid
* Rachel Edry
* Ori Megidish
* Nuseirat operation
* Noa Argamani
* Rescue of Qaid Farhan Al-Qadi

Released|

* Yarden Roman-Gat
* Mia Schem
* Naama Levy

Deceased|

* Alex Dancyg
* Hersh Goldberg-Polin
* Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka
* Oded Lifshitz
* Kidnapping and killing of the Bibas family

General
topics|

* 2023 ceasefire
* 2025 ceasefire
* COGAT
* Dahiya doctrine
* Effect on children in Gaza
* Hannibal Directive
* Humanitarian aid
* International recognition of Palestine
* Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)
* Israeli interrogations
* Queer advocacy in the Gaza war
* Women
* Wikipedia

Historical context|

* Arab–Israeli conflict
* International law
* Gaza–Israel conflict
* Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip
* Human rights violations
* Human shields
* Israeli demolition of Palestinian property
* Israeli settlement
* Legality of Israeli settlements
* Israeli outpost
* Israeli settler violence
* Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip
* Legitimacy of the State of Israel
* Palestinian freedom of movement
* Palestinian rocket attacks
* Palestinian tunnel warfare
* anti-tunnel barrier
* Israeli assassinations
* Women

Effects|

* Economic impact
* Evacuations
* Gaza Strip evacuations
* Israeli government response
* Israeli war cabinet
* Israeli public diplomacy
* Mass detentions
* Media coverage
* Violence against journalists
* Misinformation
* Pallywood
* Palestinian genocide accusation
* Sexual violence against Palestinians
* War crimes
* Hamas
* Israeli
* Cemetery destruction and necroviolence
* Israeli torture in the occupied territories
* Proposed Israeli resettlement of Gaza

Humanitarian crisis|

* Famine
* Flotillas
* 2024 Gaza freedom flotilla
* May 2025 Gaza Freedom Flotilla incident
* June 2025 Gaza Freedom Flotilla
* Gaza floating pier
* Gaza Humanitarian Foundation
* Global March to Gaza
* Soumoud Convoy
* Healthcare collapse
* Polio epidemic
* Premature baby crisis
* Societal breakdown
* WCNSF

Reactions|

* Calls for a ceasefire
* September 2024 Israel hostage deal protests
* Diplomatic impact
* European Union
* United Kingdom
* Islamic Summit Conference
* Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit
* Hurmat-e-Masjid Aqsa Conference
* Cancellation of the 2023 MTV EMA
* Donald Trump's Gaza Strip proposal
* Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip
* 2024 Beijing Declaration
* The Hague Group
* University donors
* 2025 New York Peace Conference on Gaza

Military aid|

* US support for Israel
* German support for Israel

Discrimination|

* Antisemitism
* Riots in the North Caucasus
* Anti-Palestinianism
* Islamophobia
* Violent incidents
* Murder of Wadea al-Fayoume
* Death of Paul Kessler
* Vermont student shooting
* Killing of Israeli Embassy workers
* Boulder fire attack

Protests|

* 2024 University campuses
* List of protests
* Netherlands
* United States
* California
* Reactions
* The Encampments
* 2025 University campuses
* Netherlands
* Australia
* Bangladesh
* March for Gaza
* France
* March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism
* Indonesia
* 2023 Bitung clashes
* Israel
* Humanitarian aid blockade
* New Zealand
* Spain
* 2024 pro-Palestinian strike
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Artists4Ceasefire
* DNC protests
* March on Washington for Gaza
* March for Israel
* National March on Washington: Free Palestine
* Protest votes
* Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell
* Pakistan
* D-Chowk Dharna
* 2024 Faizabad sit-in
* Gaza Strip
* 2025 Gaza Strip anti-Hamas protests

UN resolutions|

* A/RES/ES-10/21
* S/RES/2712
* A/RES/ES-10/22
* S/RES/2720
* S/RES/2728
* A/RES/ES-10/23
* S/RES/2735

UN inquiry|

* Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory

Global courts|

* South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)
* Nicaragua v. Germany
* Legal Consequences of Israeli Policies and Practices
* ICC investigation in Palestine
* Arrest warrants

Courts|

* Defense for Children International – Palestine v. Biden

Casualties|

| Israel|

| Security forces|

* Alim Abdallah
* Yitzhak Ben-Bashat
* Jayar Davidov
* Eli Ginsberg
* Salman Habaka
* Asaf Hamami
* Yitzhar Hofman
* Roi Levy
* Izhar Peled
* Yonatan Steinberg
* Ehsan Daxa

|

Civilians|

* Lior Asulin
* Yuval Kestelman
* Hayim Katsman
* Ofir Libstein
* Shani Louk
* Aner Shapira
* Vivian Silver
* Yahav Winner

Palestine|

| Hamas|

* Ismail Haniyeh
* Yahya Sinwar
* Saleh al-Arouri
* Fouad Abu Butihan
* Abdul Fatah Dukhan
* Mohammed Dababish
* Wissam Farhat
* Ahmed Ghandour
* Mohammed Deif
* Marwan Issa
* Fursan Khalifa
* Rafa Salama
* Osama Mazini
* Ayman Nofal
* Jamila al-Shanti
* Ali Al Qadi
* Alaa Shreiteh
* Faiq Al-Mabhouh
* Rawhi Mushtaha
* Jihad Shehadeh

|

Civilians|

* Tawfic Abdel Jabbar
* Majed Abu Maraheel
* Hiba Abu Nada
* Refaat Alareer
* Hammam Alloh
* Nahida and Samar Anton
* Ibrahim al-Astal
* Ahmad Bahar
* Mohammed Barakat
* Mohammad Bhar
* David Ben Avraham
* Adnan al-Bursh
* Rashid Dabour
* Mohamed al-Dalou
* Awni El-Dous
* Omar Ferwana
* Fathi Ghaben
* Ihab al-Ghussein
* Medo Halimy
* Sidra Hassouna
* Yazan al-Kafarneh
* Mohammad Khdour
* Hani Al-Masdar
* Ibrahim Qusaya
* Hind Rajab
* Mohammed Shabir
* Rashad Abu Sakhila
* Omar Abu Shawish
* Sufian Tayeh
* Wael Al Zard
* Talal Abu Zarifa
* Shaban al-Dalou
* Mahasen al-Khateeb
* Nagham Abu Samra

Spillover|

* Saleh al-Arouri
* Ali Hussein Barji
* Waibhav Anil Kale
* Razi Mousavi
* Wissam al-Tawil
* Sadegh Omidzadeh
* Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi
* Mohammad Reza Zahedi
* Fuad Shukr
* Ibrahim Aqil
* Hassan Nasrallah
* Ali Karaki
* Nabil Qaouk
* Abbas Nilforoushan
* Fatah Sharif
* Hashem Safieddine
* Mohammad Afif

Journalists|

* Issam Abdallah
* Samer Abu Daqqa
* Ismail al-Ghoul
* Belal Jadallah
* Hossam Shabat
* Fatima Hassouna
* List of journalists killed in the Gaza war

General topics|

* Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Related
people|

| Israelis|

* Sofie Berzon MacKie
* Batia Holin
* Nimrod Aloni
* Rachel Goldberg-Polin
* Einav Zangauker
* Yonatan Shamriz
* Omri Ronen
* Eitan Okun
* Yagel Oshri
* Inbal Rabin-Lieberman
* Amir Tibon

|

Palestinians|

* Mosab Abu Toha
* Wael Al-Dahdouh
* Plestia Alaqad
* Motaz Azaiza
* Bisan Owda
* Mustafa Moien Ayyash
* Hind Khoudary

Other
topics|

* 2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal
* Ahmed Abdel Khalek
* Al-Saqqa House
* Al Qarara Cultural Museum
* "All Eyes on Rafah"
* Attacks on US bases during the Gaza war
* Bearing Witness
* Blockout 2024
* From Ground Zero
* "From the river to the sea"
* Gaza Daily
* "Harbu Darbu"
* "Hind's Hall"
* Hind Rajab Foundation
* "Hurricane"
* Israeli demolition of Palestinian property
* "Leve Palestina"
* No Tech for Apartheid
* Palestine exception
* Palestinian sports during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
* "Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population"
* Project Nimbus
* "Rajieen"

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Egypt–Israel relations

Diplomatic posts|

* Ambassadors of Egypt to Israel
* Ambassadors of Israel to Egypt

Diplomacy|

* 1949 Armistice Agreements
* Sinai Disengagement Agreements
* Second United Nations Emergency Force
* Sinai Interim Agreement
* Camp David Accords
* Egypt–Israel peace treaty
* Safari Club
* Multinational Force and Observers
* Negev Summit
* 2023 Israeli–Palestinian prisoner exchange

Conflicts|

* 1948 Arab–Israeli War
* Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
* Suez Crisis
* Timeline
* Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip
* Six-Day War
* Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula
* War of Attrition
* Yom Kippur War

Incidents|

* 1948 Tel Aviv bus station bombing
* Lavon Affair
* Meir Max Bineth
* Moshe Marzouk
* Operation Damocles
* Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing
* Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114
* Ras Burqa massacre
* Ein Netafim ambush
* Azzam Azzam
* Ouda Tarabin
* Sinai bus crash
* 2009 Hezbollah plot
* Ilan Grapel affair
* 2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks
* 2011 attack on Israeli Embassy
* 2023 border shooting
* 2023 Alexandria shooting
* Rafah offensive

Related|

* Barrier
* Green Line
* Palestinian autonomy talks
* Air Sinai
* Taba Hotel & Nelson Village
* Azazima
* Yaakov Abuhatzeira

Category:Egypt–Israel relations

* v
* t
* e

Egypt–United States relations

Diplomatic posts|

* Embassy of Egypt, Washington, D.C.
* Ambassadors of the United States to Egypt
* Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs

Diplomacy|

* Camp David Accords
* Egypt–Israel peace treaty
* Negev Summit

Incidents|

* Project FF
* OMEGA Memorandum
* Achille Lauro hijacking
* Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
* EgyptAir Flight 990
* Abu Omar case
* Innocence of Muslims
* Reactions
* International response
* Egyptian Guantanamo Bay detainees

Military relations|

* 1974 Suez Canal Clearance Operation
* Egyptian Expedition (1882)
* Major non-NATO ally
* Naval Medical Research Unit Three
* Operation Bright Star
* Sinai Field Mission

Related|

* Aswan Dam
* Egypt lobby in the United States
* Palestinian autonomy talks
* A New Beginning
* American International School in Egypt
* Cairo American College
* Manarat El-Mostaqbal American School
* Port Said American School
* St. Joseph Schools
* Schutz American School, Alexandria

Category:Egypt–United States relations

* v
* t
* e

Israel–United States relations

Diplomatic posts|

* Embassy of Israel, Washington, D.C.
* Ambassadors of Israel to the United States
* Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem
* Ambassadors of the United States to Israel
* Consulate General of Israel to the Pacific Northwest Region
* Consuls general of Israel to the United States
* Tel Aviv Branch Office of the Embassy of the United States
* Consulate General of the United States, Jerusalem
* Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs

Diplomacy|

* Rogers Plan
* Camp David Accords
* Egypt–Israel peace treaty
* Palestinian autonomy talks
* Strategic Cooperation Agreement
* May 17 Agreement
* Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement
* Oslo Accords
* Oslo I Accord
* Oslo II Accord
* Israel–Jordan peace treaty
* Wye River Memorandum
* 2000 Camp David Summit
* The Clinton Parameters
* Taba Summit
* Negroponte doctrine
* Road map for peace
* U.S.–Israel Joint Economic Development Group
* Annapolis Conference
* 2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
* 2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
* John Kerry Parameters
* United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel
* United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel
* February 2019 Warsaw Conference
* Trump peace plan
* Abraham Accords
* Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement
* Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement
* Israel–Sudan normalization agreement
* Israel–Morocco normalization agreement
* Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements
* Indo-Abrahamic Alliance
* I2U2 Group
* Negev Summit
* Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute
* 2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement

Incidents|

* Jack Parsons
* The Apollo Affair
* USS Liberty incident
* Lod Airport massacre
* Sami Esmail trial
* Lekem
* Jonathan Pollard
* Rachel Corrie
* 2004 Tashkent suicide bombings
* Steve J. Rosen
* Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
* Ben-Ami Kadish
* Stewart Nozette
* Gaza Freedom Flotilla
* Gaza journey of MV Rachel Corrie
* Furkan Doğan
* United States diplomatic cables leak
* 2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
* Zivotofsky v. Clinton
* Zivotofsky v. Kerry
* Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information
* 2022 Erbil missile attacks
* Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell
* World Central Kitchen drone strikes
* Killing of Ayşenur Eygi
* 2024 leak of U.S. intelligence on Israeli strike plans
* 2025 killing of Israeli Embassy workers in Washington, D.C.

Military relations|

* Assassination of Imad Mughniyeh
* 2012 US–Israel military exercise
* Iran–Israel proxy conflict
* United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites
* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
* Arab–Israeli alliance
* Have Doughnut
* HAVE DRILL
* Joint Political Military Group
* Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Israeli procurement
* Major non-NATO ally
* Operation Joshua
* Operation Moses
* Operation Nickel Grass
* Operation Tipped Kettle
* Safari Club
* Stuxnet
* Terminal High Altitude Area Defense
* United States support for Israel in the Gaza war
* 2023 Israeli–Palestinian prisoner exchange

Legislation|

* Lodge–Fish Resolution
* Jerusalem Embassy Act
* Kyl–Bingaman Amendment
* United States–Israel Strategic Partnership Act of 2014
* Israel Anti-Boycott Act
* Combating BDS Act

Related|

* Palestine–United States relations
* Israel lobby in the United States
* Anti-Israel lobby in the United States
* Opposition in the United States to the Israeli occupation
* Robert F. Kennedy's 1948 visit to Palestine
* America-Israel Cultural Foundation
* America–Israel Friendship League
* American Healthcare Professionals and Friends for Medicine in Israel
* American Jewish Committee
* American Palestine Public Affairs Forum
* American Israel Public Affairs Committee
* American Task Force on Palestine
* Anti-Defamation League
* BlueStar PR
* BIRD Foundation
* Bust of Golda Meir
* Center for Middle East Policy
* Christians United for Israel
* Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America
* Committee for Justice and Peace in the Holy Land
* Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations
* Coordinating Council on Jerusalem
* Creative Community for Peace
* Council for the National Interest
* The David Project
* Democratic Majority for Israel
* Emergency Committee for Israel
* Hibur
* If Americans Knew
* Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies
* Institute for Middle East Understanding
* Israeli-American Council
* Israel on Campus Coalition
* Israel Policy Forum
* Israel Project
* J Street
* Jewish Council for Public Affairs
* Jewish Institute for National Security of America
* Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs
* Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law
* Media Watch International
* Milstein Family Foundation
* NORPAC
* Project Interchange
* Queers Undermining Israeli Terrorism
* StandWithUs
* United States – Israel Binational Science Foundation
* Zionist Organization of America
* Paul Findley
* Jerusalem American International School
* Walworth Barbour American International School
* 9/11 Living Memorial Plaza
* The Armageddon Network
* They Dare to Speak Out
* A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm
* The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy
* The Occupation of the American Mind

Category:Israel–United States relations

* v
* t
* e

Hamas

History|

| General|

* Original Charter
* Revised Charter
* 1992 deportations
* UNRWA Holocaust dispute
* 25th anniversary of Hamas (2012)

|

Fatah–Hamas conflict|

* Takeover of the Gaza Strip
* 2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza
* Reconciliation process
* Mecca Agreement
* Doha Agreement
* Cairo Agreement
* Algiers Declaration

Gaza–Israel conflict|

* First Intifada
* Second Intifada
* Gaza war
* Hostage crisis
* 2023 ceasefire
* 2025 ceasefire

Governance|

* Hamas government in the Gaza Strip
* 2007
* 2012
* 2016

Political wing|

| People|

* List of leaders of Hamas
* Khaled Mashal
* Ismail Haniyeh
* Yahya Sinwar
* Mohammed Sinwar
* Basem Naim
* Ali Baraka
* Mousa Abu Marzook
* Zaher Jabarin
* Issam al-Da'alis
* Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi
* hospital
* Women: Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti
* Umm Nidal

|

Elections|

* 2005 presidential
* 2006 legislative

Other|

* Hamas temporary committee
* Islamic Salvation Party

Law and order|

* Interior Minister of the Gaza Strip
* Ihab al-Ghussein
* Police
* Faiq Mabhouh
* Palestinian Executive Force [ar]
* Said Seyam
* Palestinian law
* Executions

Military wing|

| Units|

* Palestinian Joint Operations Room
* Al-Qassam Brigades
* Nukbha
* Ayman Nofal
* Tulkarm Brigade
* al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards unit

|

People|

* Leader: Izz al-Din al-Haddad
* Spokesperson: Abu Ubaida
* Saleh al-Arouri
* Emad Akel
* Yahya Ayyash
* Salah Shehade
* Mohammed Deif
* Marwan Issa
* Adnan al-Ghoul
* Mazen Faqha
* Wa'el Nassar
* Ahmed Jabari
* Imad Abbas
* Mahmoud al-Mabhouh
* Nidal Farahat
* Yunis Al Astal
* Ahmed Ghandour
* Women
* Reem Riyashi
* Fatma Omar An-Najar

Operations|

* 1989: Killing of Avi Sasportas and Ilan Saadon
* 1992: Abduction and killing of Nissim Toledano
* 1993: Mehola Junction bombing
* Killing of Yaron Chen
* 1994: Afula bus suicide bombing
* Hadera bus station suicide bombing
* Abduction and killing of Nachshon Wachsman
* Dizengoff Street bus bombing
* Afula axe attack
* 1995: Ramat Gan bus bombing
* Ramat Eshkol bus bombing
* 1996: Jaffa Road bus bombings
* Dizengoff Center suicide bombing
* Murder of Yaron and Efrat Ungar
* 1997: Café Apropo bombing
* Mahane Yehuda Market bombings
* Ben Yehuda Street Bombing
* 2001: Azor attack
* Netanya bombing
* HaSharon Mall suicide bombing
* Dolphinarium discotheque
* Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing
* Nahariya train station suicide bombing
* Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing
* Immanuel bus attack
* 2002: Atzmona attack
* Café Moment bombing
* Park Hotel suicide bombing
* Kiryat HaYovel supermarket bombing
* Matza restaurant suicide bombing
* Yagur Junction bombing
* Rishon LeZion bombing
* Netanya Market bombing
* Patt Junction bus bombing
* Hebrew University bombing
* Meron Junction Bus 361 attack
* Allenby Street bus bombing
* Sonol gas station bombing
* Kiryat Menachem bus bombing
* 2003: Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing
* Mike's Place suicide bombing
* French Hill suicide bombings
* Davidka Square bus bombing
* Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing
* Tzrifin bus stop attack
* Café Hillel bombing
* 2004: Erez Crossing bombing
* Gaza Street bus bombing
* Ashdod Port bombings
* Beersheba bus bombings
* IDF outpost bombing
* 2005: Karni border crossing attack
* 2006: "Operation Dispersive Illusion"
* 2008: Dimona suicide bombing
* Battle of al-Furqan
* 2009: Battle of Rafah
* 2010: August 2010 West Bank shooting attack
* 2011: School bus attack
* 2012: "Operation Stones of Baked Clay"
* 2014: "Operation Devouring Storm"
* Battle of Shuja'iyya
* 2021: Unity Intifada
* 2023–present: Battle of al-Aqsa Flood
* "Operation Al-Aqsa Flood"
* "Ambush of the Righteous"
* al-Funduq shooting

Weapons|

* Al-Bana
* Batar
* Qassam rocket
* Yasin (RPG)
* Al-Ghoul rifle

Social services|

* Islamic University of Gaza
* Mujama al-Islamiya
* Palestinian Authority Martyrs Fund

Media|

* Al-Aqsa TV
* Tomorrow's Pioneers
* Al-Aqsa Voice Radio
* Al-Quds TV
* Shehab News Agency
* Al-Watan (defunct)

Foreign relations|

* Support from (Iran
* Israel
* Qatar
* Turkey)
* Russia
* Lebanon

Protests|

* 2011–2012 Palestinian protests
* 2019 Gaza economic protests
* 2023 Gaza economic protests
* 2025 Gaza Strip anti-Hamas protests

Related articles|

* Baby beheading hoax
* Criticism of Hamas
* Hamas war crimes
* Hamas most wanted playing cards
* Do you condemn Hamas?
* Palestinian Prisoners' Document

Category:Hamas
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template