2025 in paleobotany

Overview of the events of 2025 in paleobotany

|  | List of years in paleobotany  |

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* …
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025
* 2026
* 2027
* 2028
* …

In paleontology
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

In arthropod paleontology
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

In paleoentomology
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

In paleomalacology
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

In reptile paleontology
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

In archosaur paleontology
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

In mammal paleontology
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

In paleoichthyology
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

* Art
* Archaeology
* Architecture
* Literature
* Music
* Philosophy
* Science +...

This paleobotany list records new fossil plant taxa that were described during the year 2025, as well as notes other significant paleobotany discoveries and events which occurred during 2025.

## Algae

[edit]

### Charophytes

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Ovoidites rigidus[1]

Sp. nov

|  |

Zavattieri & Gutiérrez

Late Triassic

Potrerillos Formation

Argentina

|  |

A zygnematacean green alga.

Tarimochara[2]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Liu et al.

Ordovician (Katian)

|  |

China

|  |

A member of the family Charophyceae. Genus includes new species T. miraclensis.

### Chlorophytes

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Archaeodunaliella[3]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Zhu et al.

Carboniferous–Permian (Kasimovian–Asselian)

Fengcheng Formation

China

|  |

A member of the family Dunaliellaceae. The type species is A. junggarensis.

Morelletpora sinica[4]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schlagintweit, Xu & Zhang

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Yigeziya Formation

China

|  |

A member of Dasycladales belonging to the family Triploporellaceae.

### Rhodophytes

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Antiquifosliella[5]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Vinn in Vinn et al.

Ordovician (Katian)

|  |

Estonia

|  |

A red alga belonging to the family Corallinaceae. The type species is A. tinnae.

Masloviporidium crassimuri[6]

Sp. nov

|  |

Brenckle & Sheng

Carboniferous (Serpukhovian)

Kinkaid Limestone

United States
( Illinois)

|  |

A red alga.

Vachardia[6]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Brenckle & Sheng

Carboniferous (Serpukhovian)

Kinkaid Limestone

United States
( Illinois)

|  |

A red alga. The type species is V. multigena.

### Phycological research

[edit]

* A study on the reproduction of Eugonophyllum, based on fossils from the Carboniferous (Gzhelian) Maping Formation (Guizhou, China), is published by Wang et al. (2025).[7]

## Non-vascular plants

[edit]

### Bryophyta

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Tricosta angeiophoros[8]

Sp. nov

Valid

Valois et al.

Early Cretaceous (Valanginian)

|  |

Canada
( British Columbia)

|  |

A moss belonging to the family Tricostaceae. Published online in 2024; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2025.

### Marchantiophyta

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Corsiniopsis[9]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Flores & Cariglino

Late Triassic

Potrerillos Formation

Argentina

|  |

A liverwort belonging to the group Marchantiales. Genus includes new species C. kurtzii.

Frullania chiapasensis[10]

Sp. nov

Valid

Mamontov, Feldberg, Schäfer-Verwimp & Gradstein in Feldberg et al.

Miocene

Mexican amber

Mexico

|  |

A liverwort, a species of Frullania.

Hyponychium[11]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Paulsen et al.

Eocene

Anglesea amber

Australia

|  |

A liverwort belonging to the group Jungermanniales. The type species is H. pentadactylum.

Marchantites elegans[9]

Comb. nov

|  |

(Barale & Ouaja)

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Tunisia

|  |

Moved from Hepaticites elegans Barale & Ouaja (2002).

Radula panduriformis[11]

Sp. nov

|  |

Paulsen et al.

Eocene

Anglesea amber

Australia

|  |

A liverwort, a species of Radula.

Thysananthus patrickmuelleri[10]

Sp. nov

Valid

Feldberg, Gradstein, Schäfer-Verwimp & Mamontov in Feldberg et al.

Miocene

Mexican amber

Mexico

|  |

A liverwort belonging to the group Porellales and the family Lejeuneeae.

### Non-vascular plant research

[edit]

* Evidence of impact of socio-economic and language factors on the documentation of bryophyte fossil record is presented by Blanco-Moreno, Bippus & Tomescu (2025).[12]

## Lycophytes

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Selaginella jorelisiae[13]

Sp. nov

Valid

López-García, Schmidt & Regalado in López-García et al.

Miocene

Dominican amber

Dominican Republic

|  |

A species of Selaginella.

Staphylophyton[14]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Gensel et al.

Devonian (Emsian)

|  |

Canada
( New Brunswick)

|  |

A zosterophyll. Genus includes new species S. semiglobosa. Published online in 2024; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2025.

Zosterophyllum baoyangense[15]

Sp. nov

|  |

Huang & Xue in Huang et al.

Devonian (Pragian)

Mangshan Group

China

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## Ferns and fern allies

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Arthropitys raimundii[16]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rößler et al.

Permian

Leukersdorf Formation

Germany

|  |

A calamitalean. Published online in 2024; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2025.

Coniopteris haifanggouensis[17]

Sp. nov

|  |

Li & Tian in Li et al.

Middle Jurassic

Haifanggou Formation

China

|  |

A member of the family Dicksoniaceae.

Equisetum shandongensis[18]

Sp. nov

|  |

Jin et al.

Early Cretaceous

Laiyang Formation

China

|  |

A species of Equisetum.

Hexaphyllostrobus negauneeana[19]

Sp. nov

|  |

D'Antonio et al.

Carboniferous (Moscovian)

Mazon Creek fossil beds

United States
( Illinois)

|  |

A sphenophyll cone.

Irizaripteris[20]

Gen. nov

Valid

Iglesias et al.

Paleocene

Cross Valley-Wiman Formation

Antarctica

|  |

A member of the family Dryopteridaceae belonging to the subfamily Dryopteridoideae.

Krameropteris calophyllum[21]

Sp. nov

|  |

Li in Li & Meng

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

Kachin amber

Myanmar

|  |

A member of the family Dennstaedtiaceae.

Millerocaulis santamartaensis[22]

Sp. nov

|  |

Koppelhus et al.

Late Cretaceous

Snow Hill Island Formation

Antarctica

|  |

A member of the family Osmundaceae.

Salvinia indica[23]

Sp. nov

|  |

Ali & Khan in Ali et al.

Paleocene–Eocene

Subathu Formation

India

|  |

A species of Salvinia.

### Pteridological research

[edit]

* New fossil material of Nemejcopteris haiwangii, providing evidence of climbing on Psaronius tree hosts, is described from Permian strata of the Taiyuan Formation in the Wuda Coalfield (Inner Mongolia, China) by Li et al. (2025).[24]

## Conifers

[edit]

### Cheirolepidiaceae

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Frenelopsis callapezii[25]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kvaček, Mendes & Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert

Early Cretaceous

Figueira da Foz Formation

Portugal

|  |

Published online in 2024; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2025.

### Cupressaceae

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Athrosequoia[26]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Pfeiler, Ortiz & Tomescu in Pfeiler et al.

Early Cretaceous (Barremian/Aptian)

Budden Canyon Formation

United States
( California)

|  |

Woody seed cone of a member of Cupressaceae. Genus includes new species A. walkeri.

Stutzeliastrobus araucarioides[27]

Comb. nov

|  |

(Tan & Zhu)

Early Cretaceous

Guyang Formation

China

|  |

Moved from Elatides araucarioides Tan & Zhu (1982)

### Pinaceae

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Lesbosoxylon zourosii[28]

Sp. nov

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Zhu & Wang in Zhu et al.

Miocene

Sigri Pyroclastic Formation

Greece

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Pinus longlingensis[29]

Sp. nov

|  |

Song & Wu in Song et al.

Pliocene

Mangbang Formation

China

|  |

A pine.

Pinus mangkangensis[30]

Sp. nov

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Yao & Su in Yao et al.

Eocene

Mangkang Basin

China

|  |

A pine.

Pinuxylon anatolica[31]

Sp. nov

|  |

Akkemik & Mantzouka

Miocene

Hançili Formation

Turkey

|  |

A member of the family Pinaceae.

### Podocarpaceae

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Dacrycarpoides[32]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Patel, Cantrill & Leslie in Patel et al.

Miocene

|  |

New Caledonia

|  |

The type species is D. neocaledonica.

Metapodocarpoxylon brasiliense[33]

Sp. nov

|  |

Conceição et al.

|  |

Missão Velha Formation

Brazil

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## Gnetophyta

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Ephedra transversa[34]

Sp. nov

|  |

Song & Wu in Li et al.

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

China

|  |

A species of Ephedra.

## Flowering plants

[edit]

### Magnoliids

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Cryptocarya makumensis[35]

Sp. nov

|  |

Bhatia & Srivastava

Oligocene

|  |

India

|  |

A species of Cryptocarya.

Cryptocaryoxylon istanbulensis[36]

Sp. nov

Valid

Akkemik & Üner

Late Oligocene–Early Miocene

İstanbul Formation

Turkey

|  |

Fossil wood of a member of the family Lauraceae.

Laurinoxylon americanum[37]

Comb. nov

|  |

(Petriella)

Paleocene

Cerro Bororó Formation

Argentina

|  |

Moved from Bridelioxylon americanum Petriella (1972).

Longexylon[38]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Pujana et al.

Late Cretaceous

Snow Hill Island Formation

Antarctica

|  |

Fossil wood of a member of the family Lauraceae. Genus includes new species L. oliveroi.

Magnolia dorotheae[39]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kunzmann et al.

Eocene

|  |

Germany

|  |

A species of Magnolia. Published online in 2024; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2025.

Magnolia geinitzii[40]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Engelhardt)

Miocene

|  |

Germany

|  |

A species of Magnolia; moved from Livistona geinitzii Engelhardt (1870).

#### Magnoliid research

[edit]

* Beurel et al. (2025) study the phylogenetic affinities of Nothophylica piloburmensis, and recover it as a member of Laurales related to the families Lauraceae and Hernandiaceae.[41]

### Monocots

[edit]

#### Alismatales

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Maresurculus[42]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Yamada

Miocene

Morozaki Group

Japan

|  |

Seagrass with probable affinities with Cymodoceaceae. Genus includes new species M. aichiensis.

Potamogeton crispissima[20]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Dusén)

Paleocene

Cross Valley-Wiman Formation

Antarctica

|  |

A species of Potamogeton.

Thalassites morozakiensis[42]

Sp. nov

|  |

Yamada

Miocene

Morozaki Group

Japan

|  |

Seagrass with probable affinities with Hydrocharitaceae.

#### Arecales

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Palmoxylon trachycarpeaeense[43]

Sp. nov

|  |

Kumar & Khan in Kumar, Spicer & Khan

Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian)

Deccan Intertrappean Beds

India

|  |

Fossil wood of a member of the family Arecaceae belonging to the subfamily Coryphoideae and the tribe Trachycarpeae.

Rhizopalmoxylon arecoides[44]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kumar & Khan in Kumar, Spicer & Khan

Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian)

Deccan Intertrappean Beds

India

|  |

Root mat of a member of the family Arecaceae belonging to the subfamily Arecoideae.

#### Liliales

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Ripogonum marambio[20]

Sp. nov

Valid

Iglesias et al.

Paleocene

Cross Valley-Wiman Formation

Antarctica

|  |

A species of Ripogonum.

#### Poales

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Chimonobambusa manipurensis[45]

Sp. nov

|  |

Bhatia & Srivastava in Bhatia et al.

Pleistocene

|  |

India

|  |

A species of Chimonobambusa.

Ventriculmus[46]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Bhatia & Srivastava in Bhatia et al.

Miocene

|  |

India

|  |

A bamboo. The type species is V. neyvelinensis.

#### Monocot research

[edit]

* Khan et al. (2025) describe fossil material of palms with one metaxylem vessel in each fibrovascular bundle from the Maastrichtian-Danian Deccan Intertrappean Beds (India), and interpret the studied fossils as Cocos-type palms belonging to the subfamily Arecoideae that likely grew in a tropical rainforest.[47]
* Evidence from the study of phytoliths from the Giraffe locality (Northwest Territories, Canada), indicative of presence of palms close to the Arctic Circle over an extensive period of time during the Eocene (approximately 48 million years ago), is presented by Siver et al. (2025).[48]

### Basal eudicots

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Palaeosinomenium indicum[49]

Sp. nov

|  |

Kumar, Manchester & Khan

Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian)

Deccan Intertrappean Beds

India

|  |

A member of the family Menispermaceae.
Announced in late 2024, published fully in 2025.

Proteaceaefolia[50]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Carpenter & McLoughlin

Paleogene

|  |

Chile

|  |

A member of the family Proteaceae. The type species is P. araucoensis.

Tetracentron linchensis[51]

Sp. nov

|  |

Manchester

Paleocene

Fort Union Formation

United States
( Wyoming)

|  |

A species of Tetracentron.

### Superasterids

[edit]

#### Apiales

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Astropanax eogetem[52]

Sp. nov

|  |

Pan et al.

Miocene

Mush Valley Formation

Ethiopia

|  |

A species of Astropanax.

Caffapanax[53]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Wilf

Eocene (Ypresian)

Huitrera Formation

Argentina

|  |

Leaf fossils of a member of the family Araliaceae. The type species is C. canessae.

Davidsaralia[53]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Wilf

Eocene (Ypresian)

Huitrera Formation

Argentina

|  |

Infructescence of a member of the family Araliaceae. The type species is D. christophae.

#### Ericales

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Sideroxylon globosum[54]

Sp. nov

|  |

(Ludwig)

Miocene

|  |

Germany

Sapindus lignitum Unger (1860)

A species of Sideroxylon; moved from Trapa globosa Ludwig (1860).

Sideroxylon margaritiferum[54]

Comb. nov

|  |

(Ludwig)

Miocene

|  |

Germany

|  |

A species of Sideroxylon; moved from Taxus margaritifera Ludwig (1860).

Sideroxylon ruminatiusculum[54]

Sp. nov

|  |

Martinetto et al.

Miocene and Pliocene

|  |

Italy

|  |

A species of Sideroxylon.

#### Icacinales

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Miquelia yenbaiensis[55]

Sp. nov

|  |

Hung, Huang & Li in Hung et al.

Miocene

Co Phuc Formation

Vietnam

|  |

A species of Miquelia.

### Superrosids

[edit]

#### Fabales

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Bauhinia sanshuiensis[56]

Sp. nov

|  |

Wu et al.

Paleocene

Sanshui Basin

China

|  |

A species of Bauhinia sensu lato.

Peltophorum xingjianii[57]

Sp. nov

|  |

Zhao, Wang & Huang in Zhao et al.

Miocene

Sanhaogou Formation

China

|  |

A species of Peltophorum.

Pueraria qinghaiensis[58]

Sp. nov

|  |

Cao & Xie in Cao et al.

Miocene

Youshashan Formation

China

|  |

A species of Pueraria.

#### Fagales

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Ostrya parajaponica[59]

Sp. nov

|  |

Huang & Jia in Huang et al.

Eocene

Bailuyuan Formation

China

|  |

A species of Ostrya.

#### Malpighiales

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Calophyllum beihaiensis[60]

Sp. nov

|  |

Huang & Jia in Tang et al.

Miocene

Foluo Formation

China

|  |

A species of Calophyllum.

#### Rosales

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Prunus tonyzhangii[61]

Sp. nov

Valid

Wheeler, Manchester & Baas

Eocene

John Day Formation

United States
( Oregon)

|  |

A species of Prunus.

#### Sapindales

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Acer pretataricum[62]

Sp. nov

|  |

Xiao & Wang in Dong et al.

Miocene

Hannuoba Formation

China

|  |

A maple.

Nothopegia oligocastaneifolia[63]

Sp. nov

|  |

Bhatia & Srivastava

Oligocene

Tikak Parbat Formation

India

|  |

A species of Nothopegia.

Nothopegia oligotravancorica[63]

Sp. nov

|  |

Bhatia & Srivastava

Oligocene

Tikak Parbat Formation

India

|  |

A species of Nothopegia.

Zanthoxylum maii[40]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Gregor)

Miocene

|  |

Germany

|  |

A species of Zanthoxylum; moved from Toddalia maii Gregor (1975).

Zanthoxylum naviculaeforme[40]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Reid)

Miocene

|  |

France

|  |

A species of Zanthoxylum; moved from Martya naviculaeformis Reid (1923).

Zanthoxylum turovense[40]

Comb. nov

Valid

(Czeczott & Skirgiełło)

Miocene

|  |

Poland

|  |

A species of Zanthoxylum; moved from Sapoticarpum turovense Czeczott & Skirgiełło (1975).

#### Superrosid research

[edit]

* Ali et al. (2025) describe a gland-bearing petal of cf. Mcvaughia sp. from the Eocene Palana Formation (India), interpreted as possible evidence that members of the lineage of the studied plant already had volatile glands used to attract pollinators (possibly anthophorid bees) in the early Eocene.[64]
* Hazra & Khan (2025) report the discovery of a diverse assemblage of legume fruits and leaflet remains from the Rajdanda Formation (India), interpreted as evidence of the presence of a warm and humid tropical environment during the Pliocene.[65]
* A study on the anatomy of wood of extant members of the genus Ficus and fossil wood with affinities to Ficus, and on its implications for determination of the organs preserved as fossil wood and their habits, is published by Monje Dussán, Pederneiras & Angyalossy (2025).[66]
* A leaf of Swintonia floribunda, representing the oldest record of the genus Swintonia reported to date, is described from the Oligocene Tikak Parbat Formation (India) by Bhatia & Srivastava (2025), who interpret this finding as supporting the Gondwanan origin of the Anacardiaceae.[67]
* The first fossil material assigned to a living endangered tropical tree species (Dryobalanops rappa) is described from the Plio-Pleistocene strata from Brunei by Wang et al. (2025).[68]

### Other angiosperms

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Menispermites temlyanensis[69]

Sp. nov

|  |

Zolina, Golovneva & Grabovskiy

Late Cretaceous–Paleocene (Maastrichtian–Danian)

Tanyurer Formation

Russia
( Chukotka Autonomous Okrug)

|  |

A flowering plant with similarities to members of the genus Menispermum.

Stellula[70]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Puebla & Prámparo

Early Cretaceous

La Cantera Formation

Argentina

|  |

An early flowering plant, possibly with affinities with Ranunculales. The type species is S. meridionalis.

### General angiosperm research

[edit]

* A study on the timing of the evolution of the flowering plants is published by Ma et al. (2025), who recover the crown group of the flowering plants as likely originating in the Triassic.[71]
* Clark & Donoghue (2025) study the impact of interpretations of the plant fossil record on molecular clock estimates of the timing of origin of the flowering plants, and estimate that the crown group of the flowering plants diverged in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous interval.[72]
* Doughty et al. (2025) use a mechanistic model to study the relationship between seed size of flowering plants, their light environment and the size of animals in their environment, and predict a rapid increase of seed size during the Paleocene that eventually plateaued or declined, likely as a result of the appearance of large herbivores that opened the understory, reducing the competitive advantage of plants with large seeds.[73]

## Other plants

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Bomfleuranthus[74]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Villalva & Gnaedinger

Triassic

Cañadón Largo Formation

Argentina

|  |

A microsporangiate cone of a member of Peltaspermales. Genus includes new species B. scytoconnexus.

Fengweioxylon[75]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Jiang et al.

Jurassic

Tiaojishan Formation

China

|  |

Fossil wood of a corystosperm. The type species is F. sinense.

Karkenia bracteata[76]

Sp. nov

|  |

Frolov, Enushchenko & Mashchuk

Early Jurassic

|  |

Russia

|  |

A member of Ginkgoales belonging to the family Karkeniaceae.

Neuromariopteris[77]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Šimůnek & Haldovský

Carboniferous (Bashkirian)

Kladno-Rakovník Basin

Czech Republic

|  |

A member of Callistophytales. The type species is N. scandens.

Palaeopteridium andrenelii[78]

Sp. nov

|  |

Correia & Góis-Marques

Carboniferous (Moscovian)

|  |

Portugal

|  |

A progymnosperm belonging to the group Noeggerathiales.

Planoxylon toitoii[79]

Nom. nov

|  |

Philippe et al.

|  |  |

New Zealand

|  |

A replacement name for Araucarioxylon australe Crié.

Rhipidopsis laoyingshanensis[80]

Sp. nov

|  |

Zhang et al.

Permian (Wuchiapingian)

|  |

China

|  |  |

Shanxioxylon yangquanense[81]

Sp. nov

|  |

Wang & Wan in Wang et al.

Carboniferous (Kasimovian)

Benxi Formation

China

|  |

A cordaitalean.

Sinolobotheca[82]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Wang et al.

Devonian (Famennian)

Wutong Formation

China

|  |

An ovule of a seed plant of uncertain affinities. Genus includes new species S. octa.

Sweetea[83]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Gastaldo

Carboniferous (Viséan)

Hartselle Sandstone

United States
( Alabama)

|  |

A probable pteridosperm. Genus includes new species S. milowensis.

Yuzhoua[84]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Wang, Lei & Fu

Permian (Asselian)

Lower Shihhotse Formation

China

|  |

A plant of uncertain affinities, with similarities to the flowering plants. The type species is Y. juvenilis.

Zaijunia[85]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Li et al.

Devonian (Famennian)

Wutong Formation

China

|  |

A seed plant belonging to the group Lagenospermopsida and to the family Elkinsiaceae. The type species is Z. biloba.

### Other plant research

[edit]

* Doran & Tomescu (2025) identify emergences with possible rooting function in Psilophyton crenulatum from the Devonian Val d'Amour Formation (New Brunswick, Canada), potentially representing the oldest euphyllophyte rooting structures reported to date.[86]
* A study on wood anatomy of Devonian euphyllophytes from the Battery Point Formation (Quebec, Canada) is published by Casselman & Tomescu (2025), who identify secondary xylem metrics that allow for distinguishing between different euphyllophyte taxa.[87]
* A study on the epidermal anatomy of Pterophyllum ptilum from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (China) is published by Lu et al. (2025).[88]
* Partial leaf representing the first record of a fossil Cycas from Australia is described from the Miocene Stuarts Creek site by Greenwood, Conran & West (2025).[89]

## Palynology

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Cadargasporites helbyi[90]

Sp. nov

|  |

Peyrot et al.

Triassic

Babulu Formation

Timor-Leste

|  |  |

Cadargasporites timorensis[90]

Sp. nov

|  |

Peyrot et al.

Triassic

Babulu Formation

Timor-Leste

|  |  |

Planctonites? comasii[90]

Sp. nov

|  |

Peyrot et al.

Triassic

Babulu Formation

Timor-Leste

|  |  |

Sparganiaceaepollenites intertrappeansis[91]

Nom. nov

|  |

DeBenedetti et al.

Late Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian)

Mandla Formation

India

Sparganiaceaepollenites annulatus Thakre et al. 2024 (junior homonym of S. annulatus De Benedetti, 2023).

Fossil pollen; a replacement name for Sparganiaceaepollenites reticulatus Samant et al. (2022).

Sparganiaceaepollenites oczkowicensis[91]

Nom. nov

|  |

DeBenedetti et al.

Miocene

|  |

Poland

|  |

Fossil pollen; a replacement name for Sparganiaceaepollenites microreticulatus Grabowska & Ważyńska (2009).

Stigmatocystia[92]

Gen. et sp. nov

|  |

Strother et al.

Ordovician (Hirnantian)

Sarah Formation

Saudi Arabia

|  |

Zygospores of a member of the family Zygnemataceae. The type species is S. divericata.

Tenellisporites capillaris[93]

Sp. nov

|  |

Zhan et al.

Triassic

Badong Formation

China

|  |

A lycopsid megaspore.

Zygnema paleopawneanum[92]

Sp. nov

|  |

Strother et al.

Ordovician (Hirnantian)

Sarah Formation

Saudi Arabia

|  |

Zygospores of a member of the genus Zygnema.

### Palynological research

[edit]

* Nhamutole et al. (2025) study the composition of palynological assemblages from the Permian (Lopingian) strata of the Maniamba Basin (Mozambique), reporting evidence of the presence of plants indicative of lowland fluvial setting.[94]
* Evidence from the study of palynological assemblages from the South Chinese Meishan section, indicative of presence of persistent gymnosperm-dominated vegetation during the Permian-Triassic transition, is presented by Schneebeli-Hermann & Galasso (2025).[95]
* Evidence from the study of palynofloral assemblages from the Germig Section (Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; Tibet, China), interpreted as indicative of a shift from floras dominated by seed ferns and conifers to floras dominated by cheirolepids during the Triassic-Jurassic transition, is presented by Li et al. (2025).[96]
* Description of the palynological assemblage from the Middle Jurassic Challacó Formation (Argentina), including a Mesozoic record of the otherwise Proterozoic to Paleozoic taxon Gloeocapsomorpha, is presented by Olivera et al. (2025).[97]
* Tricolpate pollen, identified as pollen of flowering plants belonging to the eudicot clade, is described from the Barremian strata from nearshore marine sediments in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) by Gravendyck et al. (2025).[98]
* A study on the composition of the gymnosperm-dominated palynoflora from the Lower Cretaceous strata from the Koonwarra fossil bed (Australia) is published by Vajda et al. (2025).[99]
* Evidence from the study of palynological assemblages from the Barremian–Aptian Gippsland Basin and the Albian Otway Basin (Victoria, Australia), indicative of a high-rainfall regime of a floral turnover in the studied resulting in different composition of the assemblages from the studied basins, is presented by Korasidis & Wagstaff (2025).[100]
* A study on palynofloral assemblages from the Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark (Spain), providing evidence of gradual shift from conifer-dominated floras to ones with increased presence of flowering plants through the Albian–Cenomanian, is published by Rodríguez-Barreiro et al. (2025).[101]
* Evidence from the study of palynomorph and palynofacies from the Bahariya Formation (Egypt), interpreted as indicative of warm and humid climate during the early-middle Cenomanian with a short episode of semi-arid to arid conditions during the late early Cenomanian, is presented by Abdelhalim et al. (2025).[102]
* Evidence from the study of palynological assemblages from the Llanos basin (Colombia), indicative of impact of environmental changes on the diversification of Neotropical plants during the Cenozoic, is presented by de la Parra & Benson (2025).[103]
* Rull (2025) revises purported fossil pollen records of Pelliciera found outside the Neotropics, and argues that only a subset of Cenozoic pollen records from tropical West Africa can be confirmed as likely fossils of members of Pelliciera.[104]
* Revision of the fossil pollen of members of Fabales, Rosales, Fagales, Malpighiales, Myrtales, Sapindales, Malvales, Santalales and Caryophyllales from the palynological assemblage from the Eocene Messel Formation (Germany) is published by Bouchal et al. (2025).[105]
* Evidence from the study of fossil pollen from the Dingqinghu Formation (China), indicative of presence of a mixed deciduous and coniferous forest in the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Oligocene-Miocene transition, is presented by Xie et al. (2025).[106]
* Evidence from the study of pollen record from the Zoige Basin, indicative of changes of vegetation in the Tibetan Plateau related to temperature changes during the last 3.5 million years, is presented by Zhao et al. (2025).[107]
* A study on the environment and climate in Java (Indonesia) during the early Pleistocene, based on data from palynological assemblages from the Kalibiuk and Kaliglagah formations, is published by Morley & Morley (2025), who interpret the studied assemblages as indicative of a strongly seasonal climate, and interpret the assemblages from the Kalibuik Formation and the basal Kaliglagah Formation as indicative of presence of a large delta dominated by mangroves, while considering the assemblages from the upper Kaliglagah Formation to be consistent with the presence of a freshwater swamp.[108]
* Evidence from the study of pollen record from the eastern Mainland Southeast Asia, indicative of presence of forest-seasonal savanna mosaics in the studied region during the Last Glacial Maximum, is presented by Lin et al. (2025), who find no evidence of presence of savanna corridors linking the Leizhou Peninsula and Singapore during the Last Glacial Maximum.[109]

## General research

[edit]

* A study on the floral assemblage from the Permian strata of the East Bokaro Coalfield (India), providing evidence of the presence of a diverse ecosystem of large trees and shrubs, is published by Dash et al. (2025).[110]
* Ferraz et al. (2025) report the discovery of a diverse plant association in the Guadalupian strata from the Cerro Chato outcrop (Paraná Basin, Brazil).[111]
* Evidence of changes of composition of gigantopterid-dominated rainforests known from the Longtan Formation (China) during the Lopingian is presented by Shu et al. (2025), who also report evidence of the presence of climbing structures in Gigantonoclea.[112]
* Evidence from the study of fossil material from the South Taodonggou Section in the Turpan-Hami Basin (China), interpreted as indicative of presence of a refugium of land vegetation that preserved the stability of food chains during the Permian–Triassic extinction event and might have been one of the source regions for the diversification of terrestrial life in the aftermath of the extinction event, is presented by Peng et al. (2025).[113]
* Evidence of a staggered recovery of plant communities from the Sydney Basin (Australia) in the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, indicative of the presence of a succession gymnosperm-dominated and lycophyte-dominated plant communities lasting until the early Middle Triassic, is presented by Amores et al. (2025).[114]
* A study on the composition of the Middle Jurassic plant assemblage from the Khamarkhoovor Formation (Mongolia) is published by Muraviev et al. (2025).[115]
* Evidence of the presence of a plant community dominated by ferns belonging to the family Osmundaceae, similar to extant plant communities such as those from swamp settings from the Parana Forest in northeastern Argentina, is reported from the Jurassic La Matilde Formation (Argentina) by García Massini et al. (2025).[116]
* Silva et al. (2025) study the taphonomy of exceptionally preserved plant remains from the Upper Cretaceous Santa Marta Formation (Antarctica).[117]
* Evidence from the study of phytoliths from the Lunpola Basin of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, interpreted as indicative of presence mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest during the late Oligocene–Early Miocene, is presented by Zhang et al. (2025).[118]
* A study on the timing of the uplift of the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes, based on composition of fossil plant communities from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (China), is published by Lai et al. (2025).[119]
* Evidence indicating that climate and geographic changes in the Miocene resulted in vegetation changes that in turn caused climate change feedbacks that impacted cooling and precipitation changes during the late Miocene climate transition is presented by Zhang et al. (2025).[120]
* Evidence from the study of plant macrofossils and palynoflora from the Pisco Formation (Peru), indicative of presence of a diverse dry forest biome in the area of present-day coastal Peruvian desert during the Miocene, is presented by Ochoa et al. (2025).[121]
* A study on ancient DNA from sediment cores from lakes in Alaska and Siberia, providing evidence of plant extinctions associated with environmental changes during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, is published by Courtin et al. (2025).[122]
* Evidence of changes of the upper range limit of trees in the Tibetan Plateau since the Last Glacial Maximum, and of a relationship between those changes and pattern of beta diversity of the studied flora, is presented Xu et al. (2025).[123]
* El-Saadawi et al. (2025) present an annotated catalog of plant macrofossil remains from Egypt, including fossils ranging from Devonian to Quaternary.[124]
* Jardine, Morck & Lomax (2025) compare the utility of morphological traits which might be proxies for genome size of fossil plants, and report evidence of a robust relationship between genome size and guard cell length in plants.[125]
* Liu et al. (2025) review the development and application of artificial intelligence in paleobotany and palynology from the 1980s to 2025.[126]

## References

[edit]

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10. ^ a b Feldberg, K.; Kaasalainen, U.; Mamontov, Y. S.; Gradstein, S. R.; Schäfer-Verwimp, A.; Divakar, P. K.; Schmidt, A. R. (2025). "Extending the fossil record of Miocene neotropical epiphyte communities". Fossil Record. 28 (1): 79–102\. doi:10.3897/fr.28.137758.
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28. ^ Zhu, Y.; Tian, N.; Zhang, J.; Wang, Y.; Zouros, N. (2025). "A new record of Lesbosoxylon (Pinaceae) wood with fungal remains from the Lower Miocene of Lesvos, Greece, and its palaeoecological implication". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105395. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105395.
29. ^ Song, Z.-H.; Wang, Z.-E.; Cao, R.; Wang, Z.-S.; Wang, H.; Chen, G.-H.; Wu, J.-Y. (2025). "Fossil wood of Pinus from the Pliocene of western Yunnan, China and its palaeoclimatic implications". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 334. 105279. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105279.
30. ^ Yao, X.-R.; Gao, Y.; Yang, R.-D.; Meng, J.-B.; Li, S.-F.; Su, T. (2025). "The late Eocene pine seed cones from Mangkang Basin, southeastern Xizang (Tibet) and their biogeographic significance". Palaeoworld. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200935.
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102. ^ Abdelhalim, L. A.; Mansour, A.; Tahoun, S. S.; Abdelrahman, K.; Wagreich, M. (2025). "Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic trends during the early-middle Cenomanian in northeastern Africa (Egypt): Insights from palynomorph and palynofacies analyses". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 105297. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105297.
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