2025 in spaceflight

(top) Firefly's Blue Ghost lunar lander touched down successfully in March 2025; (bottom) Blue Origin's New Glenn launch

Orbital launches
First| 4 January
Last| 8 August
Total| 178
Successes| 170
Failures| 8
Partial failures| 0
National firsts
Satellite|

* Botswana

Space traveller|

* Bahamas
* Malta
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Panama
* New Zealand
* Nigeria

Rockets
Maiden flights|

* Eris-1
* Long March 8A
* New Glenn
* Spectrum
* Starship Block 2

Retirements|

* H-IIA 202[a]
* Soyuz-2.1v / Volga[a]

Crewed flights
Orbital| 6
Orbital travellers| 22
Suborbital| 5
Suborbital travellers| 30
Total travellers| 52
EVAs| 6

* v
* t
* e

2025 in spaceflight

Timeline of spaceflight

<- 2024

2026 ->

* v
* t
* e

Timeline of spaceflight

* Spaceflight before 1951

1950s|

* 1950
* 1951
* 1952
* 1953
* 1954
* 1955
* 1956
* 1957
* 1958 (H1, H2)
* 1959 (H1, H2)

1960s|

* 1960 (T1, T2, T3)
* 1961 (H1, H2)
* 1962 (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4)
* 1963 (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4)
* 1964 (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4)
* 1965 (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4)
* 1966
* 1967
* 1968
* 1969

1970s|

* 1970
* 1971
* 1972
* 1973
* 1974
* 1975
* 1976
* 1977
* 1978
* 1979

1980s|

* 1980
* 1981
* 1982
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1989

1990s|

* 1990
* 1991 (H1, H2)
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999

2000s|

* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009

2010s|

* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018 (H1, H2)
* 2019 (H1, H2)

2020s|

* 2020
* 2021 (H1, H2)
* 2022 (H1, H2)
* 2023 (H1, H2)
* 2024 (H1, H2)
* 2025 (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4)
* 2026
* 2027
* 2028
* 2029

* Future

Spaceflight in 2025 promises to follow the 2020s trend of record-breaking orbital launches (with at least 300 expected) and increased developments in lunar, Mars, and low-earth orbit exploration. Spaceflight in 2025 will include more private companies' launches, and reusable launch vehicles will be used. Private robotic landers, part of NASA's CLPS Program have touched down with more to land as part of the Artemis program.

## Overview

[edit]

### Astronomy and astrophysics

[edit]

### Exploration of the Solar System

[edit]

AstroForge's Brokkr-2 was launched on 27 February 2025 to perform a flyby of a near-Earth asteroid and determine if the asteroid is metallic.[1] The mission failed because of communication issues.

China launched the Tianwen-2 (ZhengHe) asteroid sample-return and comet probe on 28 May 2025.[2] It will rendezvous with near-Earth asteroid 469219 Kamo'oalewa in mid-2026, attempt to collect samples, and return samples back to Earth in late 2027. Then it will travel to main-belt comet 311P/PANSTARRS for a decade-long mission to further explore the mysterious comet-like object.[3]

### Lunar exploration

[edit]

On 15 January, Blue Ghost Mission 1 by Firefly Aerospace and Hakuto-R Mission 2 by ispace launched together on a Falcon 9.

Firefly Aerospace's lunar lander carried NASA-sponsored experiments and commercial payloads as a part of Commercial Lunar Payload Services program to Mare Crisium.[4] Landing was completed successfully on 2 March 2025.[5] The mission exceeded expectations by transmitting over 110 GB of scientific and imaging data, including high‐definition views of the lunar horizon glow and an eclipse, far surpassing previous CLPS mission data yields.[6]

Epic Aerospace's Chimera-1 Space tug was planned to transition from TLI to Geosynchronous but failed due to a possible communication failure.[citation needed]

On 5 June, Hakuto-R Mission 2, carrying the RESILIENCE lunar lander and the TENACIOUS micro rover, attempted a landing in Mare Frigoris but crashed into the lunar surface.[7][8][9]

Intuitive Machines's lunar lander IM-2, carrying NASA-sponsored experiments and commercial rovers (Yaoki, AstroAnt, Micro-Nova and MAPP LV1) and payloads as a part of Commercial Lunar Payload Services program to Mons Mouton, was launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 launch vehicle with Brokkr-2 and Lunar Trailblazer. IM-2 landed on 6 March 2025. The spacecraft was intact after touchdown but resting on its side, thereby complicating its planned science and technology demonstration mission; this outcome is similar to what occurred with the company's IM-1 Odysseus spacecraft in 2024.[10]

Lunar Trailblazer aims to aid in the understanding of lunar water and the Moon's water cycle. The mission failed as contact was never established with spacecraft after launch.[11] On March 13, Intuitive Machines shared that, like on the IM-1 mission, the Athena's altimeter had failed during landing, leaving its onboard computer without an accurate altitude reading. As a result, the spacecraft struck a plateau, tipped over, and skidded across the lunar surface, rolling once or twice before settling inside the crater. The company's CEO compared it to a baseball player sliding into a base. During the slide, the spacecraft rolled once or twice, before coming to rest inside the crater. The impact also kicked up regolith that coated the solar panels in dust, further degrading their performance.[12]

Blue Origin plans to launch their MK1 Lunar Lander as a "pathfinder" mission in 2025.[13]

### Human spaceflight

[edit]

On 30 January, Sunita Williams broke the world record for the most time spent on spacewalk by a woman when she accumulated 62 hours and 6 minutes on her ninth EVA. The record was previously held by Peggy Whitson with 60 hours and 21 minutes.[14]

#### Private human spaceflight and space tourism

[edit]

On 1 April at 01:46 (UTC)[b], Fram2 launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, becoming the first crewed spaceflight to enter a polar retrograde orbit,[15] i.e., to fly over Earth's poles.[16]

### Rocket innovation

[edit]

Blue Origin completed the maiden flight of its New Glenn rocket on 16 January 2025. The second stage successfully placed its payload into orbit, while the first stage failed to land on the recovery ship offshore.[17]

SpaceX expects to perform an in-space propellant transfer demonstration using two docked Starships in 2025—a critical milestone that will allow SpaceX to refuel their Starship HLS vehicle for an uncrewed lunar landing demonstration in the following year.[18]

### Satellite technology

[edit]

ISRO successfully completed the docking of two SpaDeX satellites (SDX-01 & SDX-02) in the early hours of 16 January 2025.[19] Docking of two vehicles in space has previously only been achieved by the Soviet Union/Russia, United States, ESA, and China.

Kuiper Systems, Amazon's satellite internet subsidiary, has started initial launches. It plans a constellation of over 3,000 satellites. The launches will occur on Atlas V, Falcon 9, Vulcan Centaur, Ariane 6 and New Glenn launch vehicles.[20]

NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR), a joint project between NASA and ISRO to co-develop and launch a dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar satellite that is used for remote sensing was launched on 30 July 2025. It is notable for being the first dual-band radar imaging satellite.[21]

## Orbital launches

[edit]

Main articles: List of spaceflight launches in January–March 2025, List of spaceflight launches in April–June 2025, List of spaceflight launches in July–September 2025, and List of spaceflight launches in October–December 2025

Numbers of orbital launches  Month  | Total  | Successes  | Failures  | Partial failures

|
|
|
|

January | 22 | 21 | 1 | 0
February | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0
March | 27 | 24 | 3 | 0
April | 26 | 25 | 1 | 0
May | 29 | 27 | 2 | 0
June | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0
July | 24 | 23 | 1 | 0
August | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0
September | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD
October | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD
November | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD
December | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD
Total  | 178 | 170 | 8 | 0

## Deep-space rendezvous

[edit]

Date (UTC)  | Spacecraft  | Event  | Remarks

|
|
|

8 January  | BepiColombo | Sixth gravity assist at Mercury  | Success
13 February  | Blue Ghost Mission 1 | Lunar orbit insertion  | Success [22]
14 February  | Hakuto-R Mission 2 | Lunar flyby  | This flyby placed the lander into a low-energy ballistic transfer orbit for capture into lunar orbit in mid-May.[23]
18 February  | Solar Orbiter | Fourth gravity assist at Venus | This flyby of Venus will increase the inclination of the spacecraft's orbit from about 7.7 to around 17 degrees.[24]
1 March  | Europa Clipper | Gravity assist at Mars  | Success
2 March  | Blue Ghost Mission 1 | Lunar landing  | Success
Landing site is in Mare Crisium near Mons Latreille, coordinates 18°34′N 61°49′E﻿ / ﻿18.56°N 61.81°E﻿ / 18.56; 61.81
3 March  | IM-2 Athena | Lunar orbit insertion  |
6 March  | IM-2 Athena | Lunar landing  | Partial success; Lander tipped over after touchdown. Landing site is on Mons Mouton, coordinates 84°47′26″S 29°11′45″E﻿ / ﻿84.7906°S 29.1957°E﻿ / -84.7906; 29.1957)
12 March  | Hera | Gravity assist at Mars  | Success
Conducted observations and a flyby of the Martian moon Deimos
22 March  | Parker Solar Probe | 23rd perihelion |
20 April  | Lucy | Flyby of asteroid 52246 Donaldjohanson | Target altitude 922 km
6 May  | Hakuto-R Mission 2 | Lunar orbit insertion  | Success [25]
10 May  | Kosmos 482 | Earth entry and impact  | The Molniya rocket failed to deliver the spacecraft to a Venus transfer orbit, stranding it in orbit for 53 years. The lander's successful entry was monitored by Roscosmos, with the vehicle impacting the Indian Ocean west of Jakarta.
5 June  | Hakuto-R Mission 2  | Lunar landing  | Landing targeted for Mare Frigoris, landing failure
19 June  | Parker Solar Probe | 24th perihelion |
31 August  | JUICE | Gravity assist at Venus
15 September  | Parker Solar Probe | 25th perihelion |
12 December  | Parker Solar Probe | 26th perihelion |
24 December  | Solar Orbiter | Fifth gravity assist at Venus | This flyby of Venus will increase the inclination of the spacecraft's orbit further to 24 degrees, and will mark the start of the ‘high-latitude’ mission.

## Extravehicular activities (EVAs)

[edit]

See also: List of spacewalks since 2025

Start Date/Time  | Duration  | End Time  | Spacecraft  | Crew  | Remarks

|
|
|
|
|

16 January
13:01  | 6 hours  | 19:01  | Expedition 72
ISS Quest |

* Nick Hague
* Sunita Williams

| Hague and Williams ventured outside and replaced the Rate Gyro Assembly Gyroscope 2 on the S0 Truss, replaced the retro reflectors on IDA 3, installed shields on NICER to patch holes in the light shades, relocated the C2V2 cables out of the way so the astronauts and Canadarm 2 could access the worksite, tested a tool on the AMS jumpers, and photographed the AMS jumpers so they can be de-mated on a future spacewalk. As part of a get-ahead task, they inspected an ammonia vent line on Unity and inspected a foot restraint located near the Z1 Radio Antenna. This spacewalk was originally supposed to be performed by Andreas Mogensen and Loral O'Hara during Expedition 70, but it was delayed indefinitely due to a radiator leak on Nauka.[26]
20 January
08:55  | 8 hours, 17 minutes  | 17:12  | Shenzhou 19
TSS Wentian |

* Cai Xuzhe
* Song Lingdong

| Tasks included installation of space debris protection devices and inspections of the exterior of the TSS.[27]
30 January
12:43  | 5 hours, 26 minutes  | 18:09  | Expedition 72
ISS Quest |

* Sunita Williams
* Barry Wilmore

| Wilmore and Williams successfully removed a faulty radio communications unit, although the time needed for this meant that other tasks that were scheduled for the spacewalk weren't accomplished. Williams broke the record for the woman to have spent the most on EVA, with a total of 62 hours and 6 minutes.[14]
1 May
13:05  | 5 hours, 44 minutes  | 18:49  | Expedition 73
ISS Quest |

* Anne McClain
* Nichole Ayers

| McClain and Ayers relocated a communications antenna, installed a mounting bracket for a future Roll Out Solar Array, installed a jumper cable to provide power from the P6 truss to the Russian Orbital Segment and removed bolts from a micrometeoroid cover.[28]
22 May
00:50  | 7 hours, 59 minutes  | 08:49  | Shenzhou 20
TSS Wentian |

* Chen Dong
* Chen Zhongrui

| Tasks included installation of space debris protection devices and inspections of the exterior of the TSS.
26 June
07:04  | 6 hours, 25 minutes  | 13:29  | Shenzhou 20
TSS Wentian |

* Chen Dong
* Chen Zhongrui

| Tasks included installation of more space debris protection devices and inspections of the exterior, fixing damages to the TSS. They added foot restraints and EVA interface adapters on portable work platform for future EVAs.[29]

## Space debris events

[edit]

See also: List of space debris producing events

Date/Time (UTC)  | Source object | Event type | Pieces tracked  | Remarks

|
|
|
|

9 February  |  New Glenn upper stage+Blue Ring | Breakup  | ~67  | Energetic fragmentation event; Cause Unknown; but may be related to upper stage passivization or insulation.

## Orbital launch statistics

[edit]

### By country

[edit]

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Electron rockets launched from the Māhia Peninsula in New Zealand are counted under the United States because Electron is an American rocket. For a launch attempt to be considered orbital it must be trying to achieve a positive perigee. Launches from the Moon are not included in the statistics.

Country  | Launches  | Successes  | Failures  | Partial
failures

|
|
|
|

|  Australia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0
|  China | 44 | 43 | 1 | 0
|  France | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0
|  Germany | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0
|  India | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
|  Italy | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0
|  Japan | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0
|  Russia | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0
|  United States | 115[c] | 111 | 4 | 0
World | 178 | 170 | 8 | 0

### By rocket

[edit]

100

Ariane

Atlas

Ceres

Electron

Falcon

Firefly

H-series

ILV

Jielong

Kuaizhou

Long March

New Glenn

R-7

Starship

Vega

Vulcan

Others

* Ariane 6
* Atlas V
* Ceres-1
* Electron
* Falcon 9 new
* Falcon 9 reused
* Falcon Heavy
* Firefly Alpha
* H-IIA
* H3
* GSLV
* LVM3
* PSLV
* SSLV
* Jielong 3
* Kuaizhou 1A
* Kuaizhou 11
* Long March 2
* Long March 3
* Long March 4
* Long March 5
* Long March 6
* Long March 7
* Long March 8
* Long March 12
* New Glenn
* Soyuz-2
* Soyuz 2.1v
* Starship
* Vega C
* Vulcan Centaur
* Others

#### By family

[edit]

Family  | Country  | Launches  | Successes  | Failures  | Partial failures  | Remarks

|
|
|
|
|
|

Angara |  Russia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Ariane |  France | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Atlas |  United States | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Ceres |  China | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Electron |  United States | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
Eris |  Australia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight
Falcon |  United States | 96 | 96 | 0 | 0 |
Firefly |  United States | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
H-series |  Japan | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Hyperbola |  China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
ILV |  India | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Jielong |  China | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Kinetica |  China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Kuaizhou |  China | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Long March |  China | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 |
Minotaur |  United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
New Glenn |  United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight
R-7 |  Russia | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Spectrum |  Germany | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight
Starship |  United States | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
Vega |  Italy | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Zhuque |  China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |

#### By type

[edit]

Rocket  | Country  | Family  | Launches  | Successes  | Failures  | Partial failures  | Remarks

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Angara-1.2 |  Russia | Angara | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Angara A5 |  Russia | Angara | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Ariane 6 |  France | Ariane | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Atlas V |  United States | Atlas | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Ceres-1 |  China | Ceres | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Electron |  United States | Electron | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
Eris-1 |  Australia | Eris | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight
Falcon 9 |  United States | Falcon | 96 | 96 | 0 | 0 |
Firefly Alpha |  United States | Firefly | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
GSLV |  India | ILV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
H-IIA |  Japan | H-series | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight
H3 |  Japan | H-series | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Hyperbola-1 |  China | Hyperbola | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Jielong 3 |  China | Jielong | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Kinetica 1 |  China | Kinetica | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Kuaizhou 1 |  China | Kuaizhou | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Long March 2 |  China | Long March | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 3 |  China | Long March | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 4 |  China | Long March | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 5 |  China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 6 |  China | Long March | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 7 |  China | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 8 |  China | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 12 |  China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Minotaur IV |  United States | Minotaur | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
New Glenn |  United States | New Glenn | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight
PSLV |  India | ILV | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Soyuz-2 |  Russia | R-7 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Spectrum |  Germany | Spectrum | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight
Starship |  United States | Starship | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
Vega C |  Italy | Vega | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Zhuque-2 |  China | Zhuque | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |

#### By configuration

[edit]

Rocket  | Country  | Type  | Launches  | Successes  | Failures  | Partial failures  | Remarks

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Angara-1.2 |  Russia | Angara-1.2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Angara A5 / Briz-M |  Russia | Angara A5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Ariane 62 |  France | Ariane 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Atlas V 551 |  United States | Atlas V | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Ceres-1 |  China | Ceres-1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Ceres-1S |  China | Ceres-1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Electron |  United States | Electron | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
Eris-1 |  Australia | Eris-1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight
Falcon 9 Block 5 |  United States | Falcon 9 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 0 |
Firefly Alpha |  United States | Firefly Alpha | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
GSLV Mk II |  India | GSLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
H-IIA 202 |  Japan | H-IIA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight
H3-22S |  Japan | H3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Hyperbola-1 |  China | Hyperbola | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Jielong 3 |  China | Jielong 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Kinetica 1 |  China | Kinetica 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Kuaizhou 1A |  China | Kuaizhou 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Kuaizhou 1A Pro |  China | Kuaizhou 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 2C |  China | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 2D |  China | Long March 2 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 2F/G |  China | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 3B/E |  China | Long March 3 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 3C/E |  China | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 4B |  China | Long March 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 4C |  China | Long March 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 5B / YZ-2 |  China | Long March 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 6 |  China | Long March 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 6A |  China | Long March 6 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 7 |  China | Long March 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 7A |  China | Long March 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 8 |  China | Long March 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Long March 8A |  China | Long March 8 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight
Long March 12 |  China | Long March 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Minotaur IV |  United States | Minotaur IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
New Glenn |  United States | New Glenn | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight
PSLV-XL |  India | PSLV | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Soyuz-2.1a |  Russia | Soyuz-2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M |  Russia | Soyuz-2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Soyuz 2.1v / Volga |  Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight
Spectrum |  Germany | Spectrum | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight
Starship Block 2 |  United States | Starship | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | Maiden flight
Vega C |  Italy | Vega C | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Zhuque-2E |  China | Zhuque-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |

### By spaceport

[edit]

100

125

150

Australia

China

France

India

Iran

Japan

Kazakhstan

New Zealand

North Korea

Norway

Russia

United States

* Bowen
* Jiuquan
* South China Sea
* Taiyuan
* Wenchang
* Xichang
* Yellow Sea
* Kourou
* Satish Dhawan
* Chabahar
* Semnan
* Shahroud
* Kii
* Tanegashima
* Baikonur
* Māhia
* Sohae
* Andøya
* Plesetsk
* Vostochny
* Cape Canaveral
* Kennedy
* MARS
* Starbase
* Vandenberg

Site  | Country  | Launches  | Successes  | Failures  | Partial failures  | Remarks

|
|
|
|
|
|

Andøya |  Norway | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | First orbital launch
Baikonur |  Kazakhstan | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Bowen |  Australia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | First launch
Cape Canaveral |  United States | 49 | 49 | 0 | 0 |
Jiuquan |  China | 15 | 14 | 1 | 0 |
Kennedy |  United States | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 |
Kourou |  France | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Māhia |  New Zealand | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
Plesetsk |  Russia | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Satish Dhawan |  India | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Starbase |  United States | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
Taiyuan |  China | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Tanegashima |  Japan | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Vandenberg |  United States | 35 | 34 | 1 | 0 |
Vostochny |  Russia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Wenchang |  China | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
Xichang |  China | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
Yellow Sea |  China | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 178 | 170 | 8 | 0 |

### By orbit

[edit]

100

125

150

Transatmospheric

Low Earth

Medium Earth / Molniya

Geosynchronous / Tundra / transfer

High Earth / Lunar transfer

Heliocentric

* Transatmospheric
* Low Earth
* Low Earth (ISS)
* Low Earth (CSS)
* Low Earth (SSO)
* Low Earth (polar)
* Medium Earth
* Molniya
* Geosynchronous
* High Earth
* Lunar transfer
* Heliocentric

Orbital regime  | Launches  | Achieved  | Not achieved  | Accidentally
achieved  | Remarks

|
|
|
|
|

Transatmospheric | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
Low Earth / Sun-synchronous | 148 | 143 | 5 | 0 | Including flights to ISS and Tiangong (CSS)
Geosynchronous / Tundra / GTO | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
Medium Earth / Molniya | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
High Earth / Lunar transfer | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Heliocentric orbit / Planetary transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 178 | 170 | 8 | 0 |

## Suborbital launch statistics

[edit]

### By country

[edit]

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of suborbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. Flights intended to fly below 80 km (50 mi) are omitted. This includes suborbital flights for all purposes, including scientific and military application.

Country  | Launches  | Successes  | Failures  | Partial
failures

|
|
|
|

|  Canada | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0
|  Iran | 697[d] | 697 | 0 | 0
|  Japan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0
|  Netherlands | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0
|  New Zealand | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0
|  North Korea | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0
|  Taiwan | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0
|  United States | 21 | 21 | 0 | 0
|  Yemen | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0
World | 735 | 734 | 1 | 0

## Maiden flights

[edit]

Rocket  | Origin  | Organization  | Reusable  | Launch  | Outcome  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|

New Glenn |  USA | Blue Origin | First Stage  | 16 January  | Success  | [30]
Starship Block 2 |  USA | SpaceX | Fully  | 16 January  | Failure  | [31]
Long March 8A |  China | China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology | No  | 11 February  | Success  | [32][33]
Spectrum |  Germany | Isar Aerospace | No  | 30 March  | Failure  | [34]
Eris Block 1 |  Australia | Gilmour Space Technologies | No  | 29 July  | Failure  | [35]
Tianlong-3 |  China | Space Pioneer | First Stage  | July  | TBD  | [36]
Pallas-1 |  China | Galactic Energy | First Stage  | August  | TBD  | [37]
Ceres-2 |  China | Galactic Energy | No  | Late August  | TBD  | [38]
Kinetica 2 |  China | CAS Space | First Stage  | September  | TBD  | [39]
RFA One |  Germany | Rocket Factory Augsburg | First Stage  | Q3  | TBD  | [40]
Irtysh |  Russia | TsSKB Progress | First Stage  | December  | TBD  | [41]
Hyperbola-3 |  China | i-Space | First Stage  | December  | TBD  | [42][43]
Antares 330 |  USA | Northrop Grumman | First Stage  | Q4  | TBD  | [44]
Ariane 64 |  France | ArianeGroup | No  | Q4  | TBD  | [45]
HLVM3 |  India | ISRO | No  | Q4  | TBD  | [46]
Zhuque-3 |  China | LandSpace | First Stage  | Q4  | TBD  | [47]
Neutron |  USA | Rocket Lab | First Stage  | H2  | TBD  | [48]
HANBIT-Nano |  South Korea | Innospace | First Stage  | Planned  | TBD  | [49]
Nova |  USA | Stoke Space | Fully  | Planned  | TBD  | [50]
Starship Block 3 |  USA | SpaceX | Fully  | Planned  | TBD  | [51]
H3-30S |  Japan | JAXA and MHI | No  | Planned  | TBD  | [52]
Solid fuel SLV (All stages variant)  |  South Korea | Agency for Defense Development | N/A  | Planned  | TBD  | [53]
Nebula-1 |  China | Deep Blue Aerospace | First Stage  | Planned  | TBD  | [54]
Yuanxingzhe-1  |  China | Space Epoch | First Stage  | Planned  | TBD  | [55]
4-meter-class Reusable Launcher  |  China | Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology | N/A  | Planned  | TBD  | [56][57]
Agnibaan |  India | AgniKul Cosmos | First Stage  | Planned  | TBD  | [58]
Vikram-1 |  India | Skyroot Aerospace | No  | Planned  | TBD  | [59]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b Last active configuration of this launch vehicle to be retired
2. ^ SpaceX's Fram2 mission launched on March 31, 2025 at 9:46 PM EDT.
3. ^ Includes Electron launches from Māhia
4. ^ From the Iran–Israel war

## References

[edit]

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27. ^ Jones, Andrew (22 January 2025). "Chinese astronauts install debris shields on Tiangong space station during 8.5-hour spacewalk (video)". Space. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
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29. ^ 杨怡. "Shenzhou XX crew complete second spacewalk outside Tiangong station". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
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32. ^ "China's Long March-8A rocket set for maiden flight in January 2025". CASC. 18 December 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
33. ^ Lei, Zhao. "Space contractor plans maiden flight for carrier rockets". China Daily. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
34. ^ Justin Davenport (30 March 2025). "Isar Aerospace launches Spectrum, fails early in first stage flight". NSF News Site.
35. ^ Foust, Jeff (30 July 2025). "First Eris launch fails to reach orbit". SpaceNews. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
36. ^ "天龙系列运载火箭 重型无人机 全地形无人机反制车 雷达系统…… 这两天正在上海汽车会展中心举行的 上海国防科技工业装备与信息技术博览会上 近300多家国内外参展企业集中展示的创新成果 让公众有机会近距离感受国防科技的魅力" (in Chinese). 11 April 2025.
37. ^ Andrew Jones (20 May 2025). "China launches classified comms satellite, conducts commercial sea launch". SpaceNews.
38. ^ "Chinese private rocket maker defies the odds through innovation". Bastille Post. 14 June 2025.
39. ^ CAS Space [@cas_space] (13 November 2024). "Update: Inaugural launch now aiming September 2025 Engineering Design Phase is now completed; all onboard and ground equipment are now in production" (Tweet) - via Twitter.
40. ^ "Rocket launch expected in the third quarter of this year, says RFA CEO". CNBC. 20 January 2025. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
41. ^ "First launch of Soyuz-5 rocket due Dec 24, 2025". TASS. 17 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
42. ^ Jones, Andrew (2 November 2023). "China's iSpace launches and lands rocket test stage". SpaceNews. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
43. ^ "iSpace accelerates the development of its reusable rocket 'Hyperbola-3' with a 700 million yuan investment". sankyungtoday. Park Si-su. 17 September 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
44. ^ Clark, Stephen (2 July 2024). "Firefly is building fast and breaking things on path to a reusable rocket". Ars Technica. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
45. ^ ESA Director General's Annual Press Briefing, 9 January 2025, retrieved 18 January 2025
46. ^ "India delays 1st Gaganyaan astronaut launch to 2027". Space.com. 8 May 2025. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
47. ^ Andrew Jones (12 July 2025). "Chinese company Landspace aims to debut its reusable methane rocket this year". Space.com.
48. ^ Will Robinson-Smith (10 May 2025). "Rocket Lab to debut point-to-point cargo transportation capability on 2026 Air Force mission". SpaceflightNow.com. Retrieved 8 June 2025.
49. ^ Robert Wall (27 May 2025). "Innospace Delays Hanbit-Nano Inaugural Launch". Aviation Week. Retrieved 8 June 2025.
50. ^ Foust, Jeff (6 October 2023). "Stoke Space raises $100 million for reusable rocket development". SpaceNews. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
51. ^ Clark, Stephen (16 January 2024). "Here's what NASA would like to see SpaceX accomplish with Starship this year". Ars Technica. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
52. ^ "H3ロケット30形態試験機の打上げ計画及び超小型衛星相乗り" (PDF). JAXA. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
53. ^ Park Si-su (5 December 2023). "한국군, 고체연료 로켓 3차 발사...한화 SAR 위성". SpaceRadar. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
54. ^ Xinhua Daily Finance (5 January 2025). "追梦2025, 苏企怎么看怎么干深蓝航天: 逐梦深空, 加速推进商业化布局". Xinhua Daily Finance. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
55. ^ "行者证道, 向新而行 箭元科技2024年度盘点". Space Epoch. 15 January 2025. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
56. ^ China News Service (4 March 2024). "中国4米级可重复使用火箭计划2025年首飞". China News Network. Retrieved 18 January 2025.<
57. ^ Xinhua (24 June 2024). "我国重复使用运载火箭飞行试验圆满成功". Xinhuanet. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
58. ^ Ashley Bowden (30 October 2024). "Spacetech Company Agnikul Cosmos to Commercialize in 2025". Built in Chennai. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
59. ^ From Vikram-S to Vikram-1: Two years of continued innovation, 17 November 2024, retrieved 17 January 2025

## External links

[edit]

* Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
* Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
* Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
* Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
* Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
* McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
* Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
* Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
* Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
* Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
* "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
* "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
* "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
* "Rocket Launch Manifest". Next Spaceflight.
* "Space Launch Plans". Novosti Kosmonavtiki.

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January|

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March|

* Kosmos 2584 / GLONASS-K2 №2
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* CSO-3
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* Kosmos 2585 / Strela-3M №19, Kosmos 2586 / Strela-3M №20, Kosmos 2587 / Strela-3M №21
* Ceres-1 (Yunyao-1 55-60, AIRSAT-06, AIRSAT-07)
* Kinéis 5 A-E
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* USA-498
* OTC Phase 1 (8 satellites)
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* TJS-16
* Spectrum†
* Starlink G6-80 (28 satellites)

April|

* Fram2
* Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 6 A-D
* Tianping 3A-02
* Starlink G11-13 (27 satellites)
* Starlink G6-72 (28 satellites)
* Starlink G11-11 (27 satellites)
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* Shiyan 27 A-F
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* CRS-32
* Bandwagon-3
* Shenzhou 20
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* Tianlian II-05
* Starlink G12-23 (21 satellites)
* SatNet LEO Group 03 (10 satellites)
* Starlink G11-9 (27 satellites)
* Project Kuiper KA-01 (27 satellites)
* Starlink G12-10 (23 satellites)
* Biomass
* LM400†

May|

* Starlink G6-75 (28 satellites)
* Starlink G6-84 (29 satellites)
* Starlink G6-93 (28 satellites)
* Starlink G15-3 (23 satellites)
* Starlink G6-91 (28 satellites)
* Yaogan 40 Group 02 (3 satellites)
* TJS-19
* Starlink G15-4 (26 satellites)
* Starlink G6-83 (28 satellites)
* Taikong Jisuan 1-12
* Starlink G6-67 (28 satellites)
* Starlink G15-5 (26 satellites)
* Zhuque-2E (Tianyi 29, Tianyi 34-35, Tianyi 42, Tianyi 45-46)
* QPS-SAR-10
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* Ceres-1 (Tianqi 16-18, Tianqi-20)
* ChinaSat 3B
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* Kinetica 1 (Taijing-3-04, Taijing-4-02-A, Xingrui-11, Xiguang-1 02, Xingjiyuan-1, Lifang108-001)
* Kosmos-2588
* Starlink G11-16 (27 satellites)
* Starlink G12-22 (23 satellites)
* Starlink G17-1 (24 satellites)
* Starship flight test 9†
* Starlink G10-32 (27 satellites)
* Tianwen-2
* Shijian 26
* USA-545
* Starlink G11-18 (27 satellites)

June|

* BlackSky Global 32
* Starlink G12-19 (23 satellites)
* Starlink G11-22 (27 satellites)
* SatNet LEO Group 04 (10 satellites)
* SXM-10
* Starlink G15-8 (26 satellites)
* Starlink G12-24 (23 satellites)
* QPS-SAR-11
* Starlink G15-6 (26 satellites)
* Starlink G12-23 (23 satellites)
* CSES-02
* Starlink G15-9 (26 satellites)
* Starlink G10-18 (28 satellites)
* Kosmos-2589
* ChinaSat 9C
* Starlink G10-23 (27 satellites)
* Project Kuiper KA-02 (27 satellites)
* Axiom Mission 4
* Starlink G10-16 (27 satellites)
* HawkEye 360 Cluster 12 (3 satellites)
* Starlink G10-34 (27 satellites)
* Echostar Lyra
* GOSAT-GW
* Starlink G15-7 (26 satellites)

July|

* MTG-S1
* Starlink G10-25 (27 satellites)
* Shiyan 28 B-01
* Progress MS-31
* Starlink G10-28 (28 satellites)
* Dror-1
* Tianzhou 9
* Starlink G15-2 (26 satellites)
* Project Kuiper KF-01 (24 satellites)
* Starlink G17-3 (24 satellites)
* O3b mPOWER 9 & 10
* TRACERS
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* CO3D, MicroCarb
* Starlink G10-26 (28 satellites)
* Starlink G17-2 (24 satellites)
* SatNet LEO Group 05 (9 satellites)
* Kunpeng-03
* Eris TestFlight1†
* Starlink G10-29 (28 satellites)
* SatNet LEO Group 06 (9 satellites)
* NISAR
* PRSC-S1

August|

* Starlink G13-4 (19 satellites)
* Crew-11
* Starlink G10-30 (28 satellites)
* SatNet LEO Group 07 (9 satellites)
* QPS-SAR-12

Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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