20th hijacker

Possible additional terrorist in the September 11 attacks of 2001

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The 20th hijacker is a possible additional terrorist in the September 11 attacks of 2001 who, for unknown reasons, was unable to participate. The 20th hijacker, though not present during the actual attacks, is said to have been deeply involved in the preparations.[1] There were many variations of the 9/11 plot, with the number of terrorists fluctuating with available resources and changing circumstances. In the end, there were 19 hijackers: three of the planes were taken over by five members each and the fourth was hijacked by four people. The latter plane, United Airlines Flight 93, crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, due to the resistance from passengers before it could reach its target in Washington, D.C.

## Hijackers[edit]

Ramzi bin al-Shibh allegedly meant to take part in the attacks and may have been the intended hijacker-pilot of American Airlines Flight 77, but he was repeatedly denied a visa for entry into the US.[2] His role as one of the four hijacker-pilots preceded Hani Hanjour.

Mohammed al-Qahtani, a Saudi Arabian citizen, is often referred to as the 20th hijacker. José Meléndez-Pérez, a U.S. Immigration inspector at Orlando International Airport, refused his entry into the U.S. in August 2001. He was later captured in Afghanistan and imprisoned at the U.S. military prison known as Camp X-Ray at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.[3] In January 2009, Susan J. Crawford asserted that Qahtani's interrogation at Camp X-Ray amounted to torture.

Zacarias Moussaoui, a French citizen of Moroccan origin, has widely been referred to as the 20th hijacker. Moussaoui may have been considered as a replacement for Ziad Jarrah, who at one point threatened to withdraw from the scheme because of tensions amongst the plotters. Plans to include Moussaoui were never finalized, as the al-Qaeda hierarchy had doubts about his reliability. Ultimately, Moussaoui did not play a role in the hijacking scheme. He was arrested about four weeks before the attacks.[1] Moussaoui is now serving a life sentence for his involvement in the 9/11 attacks. He pleaded guilty in 2005 to collaborating with the other hijackers.[citation needed] Moussaoui claimed he and Richard Reid unsuccessfully attempted to hijack a plane on 9/11.[4]

According to the BBC, Fawaz al-Nashimi claimed to have been the "20th hijacker". An al-Qaeda video has been released from a US intelligence organization, showing al-Nashimi justifying attacks on the west. The U.S dismissed al-Nashimi's claims as propaganda.[5] He was also known as Turki bin Fuheid al-Muteiry and took part in a May 29, 2004, attack on oil facilities in Khobar, Saudi Arabia. He was killed in a June 2004 shootout with Saudi Arabian security forces.[6]

The other al-Qaeda members who allegedly attempted, but were not able, to take part in the attacks were Saeed al-Ghamdi (not to be confused with the successful hijacker of the same name), Tawfiq bin Attash, Ali Abdul Aziz Ali, Mushabib al-Hamlan, Abderraouf Jdey, Zakariya Essabar, Saeed Ahmad al-Zahrani, Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Faqasi al-Ghamdi, Saeed al-Baluchi, Qutaybah al-Najdi, Zuhair al-Thubaiti, and Saud al-Rashi. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the attack's alleged mastermind, had wanted to remove at least one member – Khalid al-Mihdhar – from the operation, but he was overruled by Osama bin Laden.[7]

## In popular culture[edit]

The Saudi Arabian novelist Abdullah Thabit wrote a 2006 novel titled Terrorist Number 20 that became a bestseller. The book recalls his teenage years as a religious extremist and was inspired in part by Ahmed al-Nami, one of the 9/11 hijackers and a fellow resident of Abha who was vaguely familiar to Thabit. In April 2006, three months after the release of the book, Thabit was forced to move from Abha to Jeddah with his family after receiving death threats.[8]

## See also[edit]

* USS Cole bombing mastermind – Multiple individuals were alleged to be the mastermind of the USS Cole bombing.

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b Sciutto, Jim (February 4, 2015). "New allegations of Saudi involvement in 9/11". CNN. Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
2. ^ Smith, Elliot Blair (September 17, 2002). "U.S. blood 'all over his hands'". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2007.
3. ^ Shenon, Philip (January 27, 2004). "Panel Says a Deported Saudi Was Likely '20th' Hijacker". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
4. ^ Lewis, Neil A. (April 21, 2006). "Prosecutors Concede Doubts About Moussaoui's Story". New York Times. Archived from the original on August 12, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
5. ^ "'Al-Qaeda video' of 20th hijacker". BBC. June 21, 2006. Archived from the original on August 20, 2006. Retrieved June 21, 2006.
6. ^ Shrader, Katherine (June 21, 2006). "al-Qaida Video Shows Alleged 20th Hijacker". Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved June 23, 2006.
7. ^ Kean, Thomas; et al. (July 22, 2004). Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (PDF). US Government Printing Office. p. 237\. ISBN 0-16-072304-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 31, 2006. Retrieved October 5, 2006. "Mihdhar complained about life in the United States. He met with KSM, who remained annoyed at his decision to go AWOL. But KSM's desire to drop him from the operation yielded to Bin Ladin's insistence to keep him."
8. ^ "Interview with Abdullah Thabit in Washington Post - R A Y A - agency for Arabic literature". rayaagency.org. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2012.

* v
* t
* e

Hijackers in the September 11 attacks

American Airlines Flight 11|

* Mohamed Atta
* Satam al-Suqami
* Waleed al-Shehri
* Wail al-Shehri
* Abdulaziz al-Omari

United Airlines Flight 175|

* Marwan al-Shehhi
* Fayez Banihammad
* Mohand al-Shehri
* Hamza al-Ghamdi
* Ahmed al-Ghamdi

American Airlines Flight 77|

* Hani Hanjour
* Khalid al-Mihdhar
* Majed Moqed
* Nawaf al-Hazmi
* Salem al-Hazmi

United Airlines Flight 93|

* Ziad Jarrah
* Ahmed al-Nami
* Saeed al-Ghamdi
* Ahmed al-Haznawi

20th hijacker suspects|

* Ramzi bin al-Shibh
* Mohammed al-Qahtani
* Zacarias Moussaoui
* Mushabib al-Hamlan
* Zakariya Essabar
* Ammar al-Baluchi
* Walid bin Attash
* Khalid al-Zahrani
* Fawaz al-Nashimi
* Richard Reid
* Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Faqasi al-Ghamdi
* Abderraouf Jdey

* v
* t
* e

September 11 attacks

Timeline|

* Planning
* September 11, 2001
* World Trade Center collapse
* Remainder of September
* October
* Post-October

Victims|

* Casualties
* List
* A–G
* H–N
* O–Z

Hijacked airliners|

* American Airlines Flight 11
* United Airlines Flight 175
* American Airlines Flight 77
* United Airlines Flight 93
* Suspected hijackings
* Korean Air Flight 085
* Delta Air Lines Flight 1989

Crash sites|

* World Trade Center
* site
* The Pentagon
* Stonycreek / Shanksville, Pennsylvania

Aftermath|

* Immediate repercussions
* artwork destroyed
* closings and cancellations
* detentions
* Communication
* Post-9/11
* economy
* local health
* airport security
* Reactions
* conspiracy theories
* Rudy Giuliani
* Unsuccessful terrorist plots

Response|

* U.S. government response
* U.S. military response
* War on Terror
* Afghanistan
* North-West Pakistan
* Rescue and recovery effort
* maritime response
* Financial assistance
* Operation SUPPORT
* Operation Yellow Ribbon
* Memorials and services
* 9/11 Memorial and Museum
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* World Trade Center Health Program
* Killing of Osama bin Laden
* Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri

Perpetrators|

* Responsibility
* Al-Qaeda
* Osama bin Laden
* Alleged Saudi role
* Motives
* Hijackers
* 20th hijacker
* Hamburg cell
* Trials

Inquiries|

* U.S. congressional inquiry
* the 28 pages
* September 11 intelligence before the attacks
* August 2001 CIA warning
* Phoenix Memo
* 9/11 Commission
* Commission Report
* criticism
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* PENTTBOM
* ThinThread

Cultural effects|

* Cultural references
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* Cartoonists Remember 9/11
* Entertainment affected
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Miscellaneous|

* War games
* Patriot Day
* The Falling Man
* Impending Death
* Dust Lady
* Raising the Flag at Ground Zero
* View from Williamsburg, Brooklyn, on Manhattan, 9/11
* Tourist Guy hoax
* Iraq War
* Twin Towers II
* Disappearance of Sneha Anne Philip
* Disappearance of Michele Anne Harris
* Murder of Balbir Singh Sodhi
* Killing of Henryk Siwiak
* Mark Anthony Stroman
* Larme Price
* Rudi Dekkers
* Alicia Esteve Head
* Jersey Girls
* Media documentation

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