27th Canadian Parliament

Term of the Canadian federal parliament

27th Parliament of Canada

Minority parliament
9 December 1965 - 23 April 1968
Parliament leaders
Prime
Minister| Rt. Hon. Lester B. Pearson
22 Apr 1963 - 20 Apr 1968
| Rt. Hon. Pierre Trudeau
20 Apr 1968 - 4 Jun 1979
Cabinets| 19th Canadian Ministry
20th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the
Opposition| John Diefenbaker

| Michael Starr

| Robert Stanfield

Party caucuses
Government| Liberal Party
Opposition| Progressive Conservative Party
Recognized| New Democratic Party
Unrecognized| Ralliement créditiste
| Social Credit Party
House of Commons

Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Members| 265 MP seats
List of members
Senators| 102 senator seats
List of senators
Sovereign
Monarch| Elizabeth II
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022
Sessions
1st session
January 18, 1966 (1966-01-18) – May 8, 1967 (1967-05-8)
2nd session
May 8, 1967 (1967-05-08) – April 23, 1968 (1968-04-23)
| ← 26th | → 28th

|

The 27th Canadian Parliament was in session from December 9, 1965 until April 23, 1968. The membership was set by the 1965 federal election on November 8, 1965, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1968 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party minority under Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson and the 19th Canadian Ministry. Pierre Trudeau succeeded Pearson as party leader and Prime Minister shortly before this Parliament ended for the 1968 national election.

The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led first by John Diefenbaker, and subsequently by Michael Starr.

The Speaker was Lucien Lamoureux. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1952-1966 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were two sessions of the 27th Parliament.

Most of the MPs were elected as the single member for their district. Two represented Queen's (PEI) and two represented Halifax.

## Distribution of seats at the beginning of the 27th Parliament

[edit]

Party  | Party Leader  | Seats

|
|

1963 | Dissolution | Elected  | % Change
| Liberal | Lester Pearson | 128  | 128  | 131 | +2.3%
| Progressive Conservative | John Diefenbaker | 93  | 95  | 97 | +4.3%
| New Democratic | Tommy Douglas | 24  | 17  |  21 | -12.5%
| Ralliement créditiste | Réal Caouette |  |  | 9 |
| Social Credit | R.N. Thompson | 17 | 24 | 5 | -70.6%
| Independent  |  | \-  | 1 |
Total | 265 | 265 | 265 |
Sources: http://www.elections.ca History of Federal Ridings since 1867

Notes:

"% change" refers to change from previous election 1 "Previous" refers to the results of the previous election, not the party standings in the House of Commons prior to dissolution.

## List of members

[edit]

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Lists of past and present members of the House of Commons of Canada

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Following is a full list of members of the twenty-seventh Parliament listed first by province or territory, then by electoral district.

Electoral districts denoted by an asterisk (*) indicates that district was represented by two members.

### Alberta

[edit]

Electoral district  | Name  | Party

|
|

Acadia |  | Jack Horner | Progressive Conservative
Athabaska |  | Jack Bigg | Progressive Conservative
Battle River—Camrose |  | Clifford Smallwood | Progressive Conservative
Bow River |  | Eldon Woolliams | Progressive Conservative
Calgary North |  | Douglas Harkness | Progressive Conservative
Calgary South |  | Harold Raymond Ballard | Progressive Conservative
Edmonton East |  | William Skoreyko | Progressive Conservative
Edmonton—Strathcona |  | Terry Nugent | Progressive Conservative
Edmonton West |  | Marcel Lambert | Progressive Conservative
Jasper—Edson |  | Hugh Horner (resigned 9 May 1967)  | Progressive Conservative
| Douglas Caston (by-election of 1967-11-06)  | Progressive Conservative
Lethbridge |  | Deane Gundlock | Progressive Conservative
Macleod |  | Lawrence Kindt | Progressive Conservative
Medicine Hat |  | Bud Olson | Social Credit
| Liberal
Peace River |  | Ged Baldwin | Progressive Conservative
Red Deer |  | Robert N. Thompson | Social Credit
| Progressive Conservative
Vegreville |  | Frank Fane | Progressive Conservative
Wetaskiwin |  | Harry Andrew Moore | Progressive Conservative

### British Columbia

[edit]

Electoral district  | Name  | Party

|
|

Burnaby—Coquitlam |  | Tommy Douglas | New Democratic
Burnaby—Richmond |  | Bob Prittie | New Democratic
Cariboo |  | Bert Leboe | Social Credit
Coast—Capilano |  | John (Jack) Davis | Liberal
Comox—Alberni |  | Thomas Speakman Barnett | New Democratic
Esquimalt—Saanich |  | George Chatterton | Progressive Conservative
Fraser Valley |  | Alexander Bell Patterson | Social Credit
Kamloops |  | E. Davie Fulton | Progressive Conservative
Kootenay East |  | Jim Byrne | Liberal
Kootenay West |  | Herbert Wilfred Herridge | New Democratic
Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands |  | Colin Cameron | New Democratic
New Westminster |  | Barry Mather | New Democratic
Okanagan Boundary |  | David Vaughan Pugh | Progressive Conservative
Okanagan—Revelstoke |  | Howard Earl Johnston | Social Credit
Skeena |  | Frank Howard | New Democratic
Vancouver—Burrard |  | Ron Basford | Liberal
Vancouver Centre |  | John Robert (Jack) Nicholson | Liberal
Vancouver East |  | Harold Edward Winch | New Democratic
Vancouver Kingsway |  | Grace MacInnis | New Democratic
Vancouver Quadra |  | Grant Deachman | Liberal
Vancouver South |  | Arthur Laing | Liberal
Victoria |  | David Groos | Liberal

### Manitoba

[edit]

Electoral district  | Name  | Party

|
|

Brandon—Souris |  | Walter Dinsdale | Progressive Conservative
Churchill |  | Robert Simpson | Progressive Conservative
Dauphin |  | Elmer Forbes | Progressive Conservative
Lisgar |  | George Muir | Progressive Conservative
Marquette |  | Nick Mandziuk | Progressive Conservative
Portage—Neepawa |  | Siegfried Enns | Progressive Conservative
Provencher |  | Warner Jorgenson | Progressive Conservative
Selkirk |  | Eric Stefanson, Sr. | Progressive Conservative
Springfield |  | Edward Schreyer | New Democratic
St. Boniface |  | Roger Teillet | Liberal
Winnipeg North |  | David Orlikow | New Democratic
Winnipeg North Centre |  | Stanley Knowles | New Democratic
Winnipeg South |  | Louis Ralph (Bud) Sherman | Progressive Conservative
Winnipeg South Centre |  | Gordon Churchill | Progressive Conservative
| Independent Progressive Conservative

### New Brunswick

[edit]

Electoral district  | Name  | Party

|
|

Charlotte |  | Allan M.A. McLean | Liberal
Gloucester |  | Hédard Robichaud | Liberal
Kent |  | Guy Crossman | Liberal
Northumberland—Miramichi |  | George Roy McWilliam | Liberal
Restigouche—Madawaska |  | Jean-Eudes Dubé | Liberal
Royal |  | Gordon Fairweather | Progressive Conservative
St. John—Albert |  | Thomas Miller Bell | Progressive Conservative
Victoria—Carleton |  | Hugh John Flemming | Progressive Conservative
Westmorland |  | Margaret Rideout | Liberal
York—Sunbury |  | John Chester MacRae | Progressive Conservative

### Newfoundland

[edit]

Electoral district  | Name  | Party

|
|

Bonavista—Twillingate |  | Jack Pickersgill (resigned 19 September 1967)  | Liberal
| Charles Granger (by-election of 1967-11-06)  | Liberal
Burin—Burgeo |  | Chesley William Carter (until 8 July 1966 Senate appointment)  | Liberal
| Don Jamieson (by-election of 1966-09-19)  | Liberal
Grand Falls—White Bay—Labrador |  | Charles Granger (resigned 1 August 1966)1 | Liberal
| Andrew Chatwood (by-election of 1966-09-19)  | Liberal
Humber—St. George's |  | Herman Maxwell Batten | Liberal
St. John's East |  | Joseph O'Keefe | Liberal
St. John's West |  | Richard Cashin | Liberal
Trinity—Conception |  | James Roy Tucker | Liberal

1Granger resigned the seat of Grand Falls—White Bay—Labrador in August 1966 to contest a seat in the Newfoundland House of Assembly and was succeeded by Andrew Chatwood of the Liberals. Granger became Minister of Labrador Affairs in the provincial cabinet. He resigned his provincial office in September 1967 to contest the federal seat of Bonavista—Twillingate vacated by Jack Pickersgill. Granger was successful and became Minister without portfolio in Pearson's Cabinet.

### Northwest Territories

[edit]

Electoral district  | Name  | Party

|
|

Northwest Territories |  | Robert Orange | Liberal

### Nova Scotia

[edit]

Electoral district  | Name  | Party

|
|

Antigonish—Guysborough |  | John Benjamin Stewart | Liberal
Cape Breton North and Victoria |  | Robert Muir | Progressive Conservative
Cape Breton South |  | Donald MacInnis | Progressive Conservative
Colchester—Hants |  | Cyril Kennedy (resigned 18 September 1967)  | Progressive Conservative
| Robert Stanfield (by-election of 1967-11-06)  | Progressive Conservative
Cumberland |  | Robert Coates | Progressive Conservative
Digby—Annapolis—Kings |  | Pat Nowlan | Progressive Conservative
Halifax* |  | Michael Forrestall | Progressive Conservative
| Robert McCleave | Progressive Conservative
Inverness—Richmond |  | Allan MacEachen | Liberal
Pictou |  | Russell MacEwan | Progressive Conservative
Queens—Lunenburg |  | Lloyd Crouse | Progressive Conservative
Shelburne—Yarmouth—Clare |  | John Oates Bower | Progressive Conservative

### Ontario

[edit]

Electoral district  | Name  | Party

|
|

Algoma East |  | Lester B. Pearson | Liberal
Algoma West |  | George E. Nixon | Liberal
Brantford |  | James Elisha Brown | Liberal
Brant—Haldimand |  | Lawrence Pennell | Liberal
Broadview |  | John Gilbert | New Democratic
Bruce |  | John Loney | Progressive Conservative
Carleton |  | Dick Bell | Progressive Conservative
Cochrane |  | Joseph-Anaclet Habel | Liberal
Danforth |  | Reid Scott | New Democratic
Davenport |  | Walter L. Gordon | Liberal
Dufferin—Simcoe |  | Ellwood Madill | Progressive Conservative
Durham |  | Russell Honey | Liberal
Eglinton |  | Mitchell Sharp | Liberal
Elgin |  | Harold Stafford | Liberal
Essex East |  | Paul Martin Sr. | Liberal
Essex South |  | Eugene Whelan | Liberal
Essex West |  | Herb Gray | Liberal
Fort William |  | Hubert Badanai | Liberal
Glengarry—Prescott |  | Viateur Éthier | Liberal
Greenwood |  | Andrew Brewin | New Democratic
Grenville—Dundas |  | Jean Casselman Wadds | Progressive Conservative
Grey—Bruce |  | Eric Alfred Winkler | Progressive Conservative
Grey North |  | Percy Verner Noble | Progressive Conservative
Halton |  | Harry Harley | Liberal
Hamilton East |  | John Munro | Liberal
Hamilton South |  | William Dean Howe | New Democratic
Hamilton West |  | Joseph Macaluso | Liberal
Hastings—Frontenac |  | Rod Webb | Progressive Conservative
Hastings South |  | Lee Grills | Progressive Conservative
High Park |  | Pat Cameron | Liberal
Huron |  | Robert McKinley | Progressive Conservative
Kenora—Rainy River |  | John Mercer Reid | Liberal
Kent |  | Harold Danforth | Progressive Conservative
Kingston |  | Edgar Benson | Liberal
Lambton—Kent |  | Mac McCutcheon | Progressive Conservative
Lambton West |  | Walter Frank Foy | Liberal
Lanark |  | Desmond Code | Progressive Conservative
Leeds |  | John Matheson | Liberal
Lincoln |  | James McNulty | Liberal
London |  | John Alfred Irvine | Progressive Conservative
Middlesex East |  | Jim Lind | Liberal
Middlesex West |  | William Howell Arthur Thomas | Progressive Conservative
Niagara Falls |  | Judy LaMarsh | Liberal
Nickel Belt |  | Norman Fawcett | New Democratic
Nipissing |  | Carl Legault | Liberal
Norfolk |  | Jack Roxburgh | Liberal
Northumberland |  | George Hees | Progressive Conservative
Ontario |  | Michael Starr | Progressive Conservative
Ottawa East |  | Jean-Thomas Richard | Liberal
Ottawa West |  | George McIlraith | Liberal
Oxford |  | Wally Nesbitt | Progressive Conservative
Parkdale |  | Stanley Haidasz | Liberal
Parry Sound—Muskoka |  | Gordon Aiken | Progressive Conservative
Peel |  | Bruce Beer | Liberal
Perth |  | Jay Monteith | Progressive Conservative
Peterborough |  | Hugh Faulkner | Liberal
Port Arthur |  | Bob Andras | Liberal
Prince Edward—Lennox |  | Douglas Alkenbrack | Progressive Conservative
Renfrew North |  | Len Hopkins | Liberal
Renfrew South |  | Joe Greene | Liberal
Rosedale |  | Donald Stovel Macdonald | Liberal
Russell |  | Paul Tardif | Liberal
St. Paul's |  | Ian Wahn | Liberal
Simcoe East |  | Philip Bernard Rynard | Progressive Conservative
Simcoe North |  | Heber Smith | Progressive Conservative
Spadina |  | Sylvester Perry Ryan | Liberal
Stormont |  | Lucien Lamoureux | Liberal
Sudbury |  | Rodger Mitchell (died 4 January 1967)  | Liberal
| Bud Germa (by-election of 1967-05-29)  | New Democratic
Timiskaming |  | Arnold Peters | New Democratic
Timmins |  | Murdo Martin | New Democratic
Trinity |  | Paul Hellyer | Liberal
Victoria |  | William C. Scott | Progressive Conservative
Waterloo North |  | Keith Hymmen | Liberal
Waterloo South |  | Max Saltsman | New Democratic
Welland |  | Donald Tolmie | Liberal
Wellington—Huron |  | Marvin Howe | Progressive Conservative
Wellington South |  | Alfred Hales | Progressive Conservative
Wentworth |  | John B. Morison | Liberal
York Centre |  | James Edgar Walker | Liberal
York East |  | Steve Otto | Liberal
York—Humber |  | Ralph Cowan | Liberal
York North |  | John Hollings Addison | Liberal
York—Scarborough |  | Robert Stanbury | Liberal
York South |  | David Lewis | New Democratic
York West |  | Robert Winters | Liberal

### Prince Edward Island

[edit]

Electoral district  | Name  | Party

|
|

King's |  | Melvin McQuaid | Progressive Conservative
Prince |  | David MacDonald | Progressive Conservative
Queen's*  |  | Angus MacLean | Progressive Conservative
| Heath MacQuarrie | Progressive Conservative

### Quebec

[edit]

Electoral district  | Name  | Party

|
|

Argenteuil—Deux-Montagnes |  | Roger Régimbal | Progressive Conservative
Beauce |  | Jean-Paul Racine | Liberal
Beauharnois—Salaberry |  | Gérald Laniel | Liberal
Bellechasse |  | Herman Laverdière | Liberal
Berthier—Maskinongé—delanaudière |  | Antonio Yanakis | Liberal
Bonaventure |  | Albert Béchard | Liberal
Brome—Missisquoi |  | Heward Grafftey | Progressive Conservative
Cartier |  | Milton L. Klein | Liberal
Chambly—Rouville |  | Bernard Pilon | Liberal
Champlain |  | Jean-Paul Matte | Liberal
Chapleau |  | Gérard Laprise | Ralliement Créditiste
Charlevoix |  | Martial Asselin | Progressive Conservative
Chicoutimi |  | Paul Langlois | Liberal
Châteauguay—Huntingdon—Laprairie |  | Ian Watson | Liberal
Compton—Frontenac |  | Henry Latulippe | Ralliement Créditiste
Dollard |  | Jean-Pierre Goyer | Liberal
Dorchester |  | Gustave Côté | Liberal
Drummond—Arthabaska |  | Jean-Luc Pépin | Liberal
Gaspé |  | James Russell Keays | Progressive Conservative
Gatineau |  | Joseph Isabelle | Liberal
Hochelaga |  | Gérard Pelletier | Liberal
Hull |  | Alexis Caron (died 31 August 1966)  | Liberal
| Pierre Caron (by-election of 1967-05-29)  | Liberal
Îles-de-la-Madeleine |  | Maurice Sauvé | Liberal
Jacques-Cartier—Lasalle |  | Raymond Rock | Liberal
Joliette—l'Assomption—Montcalm |  | Joseph-Roland Comtois | Liberal
Kamouraska |  | Charles-Eugène Dionne | Ralliement Créditiste
Labelle |  | Gaston Clermont | Liberal
Lac-Saint-Jean |  | Alcide Simard | Ralliement Créditiste
Lafontaine |  | Georges-C. Lachance | Liberal
Lapointe |  | Gilles Grégoire | Ralliement Créditiste
| Independent
Laurier |  | Fernand Leblanc | Liberal
Laval |  | Jean-Léo Rochon | Liberal
Lévis |  | Raynald Guay | Liberal
Longueuil |  | Jean-Pierre Côté | Liberal
Lotbinière |  | Auguste Choquette | Liberal
Maisonneuve—Rosemont |  | J. Antonio Thomas | Liberal
Matapédia—Matane |  | René Tremblay | Liberal
Mégantic |  | Raymond Langlois | Ralliement Créditiste
Mercier |  | Prosper Boulanger | Liberal
Montmagny—L'Islet |  | Jean-Charles Richard Berger | Liberal
Mount Royal |  | Pierre Trudeau | Liberal
Nicolet—Yamaska |  | Clément Vincent (resigned 4 May 1966)  | Progressive Conservative
| Florian Côté (by-election of 1966-09-19)  | Liberal
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce |  | Warren Allmand | Liberal
Outremont—St-Jean |  | Maurice Lamontagne | Liberal
| Aurélien Noël (by-election of 1967-05-29)  | Liberal
Papineau |  | Guy Favreau (resigned 4 April 1967)  | Liberal
| André Ouellet (by-election of 1967-05-29)  | Liberal
Pontiac—Témiscamingue |  | Thomas Lefebvre | Liberal
Portneuf |  | Roland Godin | Ralliement Créditiste
Québec—Montmorency |  | Ovide Laflamme | Liberal
Quebec East |  | Gérard Duquet | Liberal
Quebec South |  | Jean-Charles Cantin | Liberal
Quebec West |  | Jean Marchand | Liberal
Richelieu—Verchères |  | Lucien Cardin (resigned 4 April 1967)  | Liberal
| Jacques-Raymond Tremblay (by-election of 1967-05-29)  | Liberal
Richmond—Wolfe |  | Patrick Tobin Asselin | Liberal
Rimouski |  | Louis Guy LeBlanc | Liberal
Rivière-du-Loup—Témiscouata |  | Rosaire Gendron | Liberal
Roberval |  | Charles-Arthur Gauthier | Ralliement Créditiste
Saguenay |  | Gustave Blouin | Liberal
St. Ann |  | Gérard Loiselle | Liberal
Saint-Antoine—Westmount |  | Charles (Bud) Drury | Liberal
Saint-Denis |  | Marcel Prud'homme | Liberal
Saint-Henri |  | Hilarion-Pit Lessard | Liberal
Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot |  | Théogène Ricard | Progressive Conservative
Saint-Jacques |  | Maurice Rinfret | Liberal
Saint-Jean—Iberville—Napierville |  | Jean-Paul Beaulieu | Progressive Conservative
St. Lawrence—St. George |  | John Turner | Liberal
Sainte-Marie |  | Georges Valade | Progressive Conservative
Saint-Maurice—Laflèche |  | Jean Chrétien | Liberal
Shefford |  | Louis-Paul Neveu | Liberal
Sherbrooke |  | Maurice Allard | Independent Progressive Conservative
Stanstead |  | Yves Forest | Liberal
Terrebonne |  | Léo Cadieux | Liberal
Trois-Rivières |  | Joseph-Alfred Mongrain | Independent
Vaudreuil—Soulanges |  | René Émard | Liberal
Verdun |  | Bryce Mackasey | Liberal
Villeneuve |  | Réal Caouette | Ralliement Créditiste

### Saskatchewan

[edit]

Electoral district  | Name  | Party

|
|

Assiniboia |  | Lawrence Watson | Progressive Conservative
Humboldt—Melfort—Tisdale |  | Reynold Rapp | Progressive Conservative
Kindersley |  | Reg Cantelon | Progressive Conservative
Mackenzie |  | Stanley Korchinski | Progressive Conservative
Meadow Lake |  | Bert Cadieu | Progressive Conservative
Melville |  | James Ormiston | Progressive Conservative
Moose Jaw—Lake Centre |  | J. Ernest Pascoe | Progressive Conservative
Moose Mountain |  | Richard Southam | Progressive Conservative
Prince Albert |  | John Diefenbaker | Progressive Conservative
Qu'Appelle |  | Alvin Hamilton | Progressive Conservative
Regina City |  | Ken More | Progressive Conservative
Rosetown—Biggar |  | Ronald McLelland | Progressive Conservative
Rosthern |  | Edward Nasserden | Progressive Conservative
Saskatoon |  | Lewis Brand | Progressive Conservative
Swift Current—Maple Creek |  | Jack McIntosh | Progressive Conservative
The Battlefords |  | Albert Horner | Progressive Conservative
Yorkton |  | Gordon Drummond Clancy | Progressive Conservative

### Yukon

[edit]

Electoral district  | Name  | Party

|
|

Yukon |  | Erik Nielsen | Progressive Conservative

## By-elections

[edit]

Main article: By-elections to the 27th Canadian Parliament

By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Jasper—Edson | November 6, 1967  | Hugh Horner |  | Progressive Conservative | Douglas Caston |  | Progressive Conservative | Resignation  | Yes
Bonavista—Twillingate | November 6, 1967  | Jack Pickersgill |  | Liberal | Charles Ronald Granger |  | Liberal | Resignation  | Yes
Colchester—Hants | November 6, 1967  | Cyril Kennedy |  | Progressive Conservative | Robert L. Stanfield |  | Progressive Conservative | Resignation to provide a seat for Stanfield  | Yes
Sudbury | May 29, 1967  | Rodger Mitchell |  | Liberal | Bud Germa |  | New Democratic | Death  | No
Hull | May 29, 1967  | Alexis Caron |  | Liberal | Pierre Caron |  | Liberal | Death  | Yes
Outremont—St-Jean | May 29, 1967  | Maurice Lamontagne |  | Liberal | Aurélien Noël |  | Liberal | Resignation  | Yes
Papineau | May 29, 1967  | Guy Favreau |  | Liberal | André Ouellet |  | Liberal | Resignation  | Yes
Richelieu—Verchères | May 29, 1967  | Lucien Cardin |  | Liberal | Jacques-R. Tremblay |  | Liberal | Resignation  | Yes
Burin—Burgeo | September 19, 1966  | Chesley W. Carter |  | Liberal | Don Jamieson |  | Liberal | Called to the Senate  | Yes
Grand Falls—White Bay—Labrador | September 19, 1966  | Charles Ronald Granger |  | Liberal | Andrew Chatwood |  | Liberal | Resignation  | Yes
Nicolet—Yamaska | September 19, 1966  | Clément Vincent |  | Progressive Conservative | Florian Coté |  | Liberal | Resignation  | No

## References

[edit]

* Government of Canada. "19th Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Archived from the original on 2005-12-28. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
* Government of Canada. "27th Parliament". Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-12-20. Retrieved 2006-11-30.
* Government of Canada. "Duration of Sessions". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2007-11-14. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
* Government of Canada. "General Elections". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-05-04. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
* Government of Canada. "Key Dates for each Parliament". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2005-09-14. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
* Government of Canada. "Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
* Government of Canada. "Prime Ministers of Canada". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
* Government of Canada. "Speakers". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-09-17. Retrieved 2006-05-12.

## Succession

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