391 (magazine)

Barcelona magazine (1917-1924)

391

Francis Picabia, Flamenca, 391, n. 3, 1 March 1917

Categories| Literary magazine
First issue| January 1917
Final issue| 1924
Country| Spain
Based in| Barcelona, Catalonia
Language| Spanish

391 was a Dada-affiliated[1] arts and literary magazine created by Francis Picabia, published between 1917 and 1924 in Barcelona, Zürich and New York City.

## History and profile

[edit]

391 first appeared in January 1917 in Barcelona, published by Josep Dalmau i Rafel [ca], founder of Les Galeries Dalmau, and continued to be published until 1924.[2] The magazine was created by the Dadaist Francis Picabia. Picabia produced the first four issues, which Dalmau published.[2] He was assisted in assembling the magazine by Olga Sacharoff, a Georgian emigre residing in Barcelona.

The title of the magazine derives from Alfred Stieglitz's New York periodical 291 (to which Picabia had contributed),[3] and bore no relation to its contents. Despite Picabia's renown as an artist, it was mostly literary in content, with a wide-ranging aggressive tone, possibly influenced by Alfred Jarry and Guillaume Apollinaire. There were contributions by Marie Laurencin,[1] Man Ray and Marcel Duchamp. However 391 remained essentially the expression of the inventive, energetic and wealthy Picabia, who stated of it: "Every page must explode, whether through seriousness, profundity, turbulence, nausea, the new, the eternal, annihilating nonsense, enthusiasm for principles, or the way it is printed. Art must be unaesthetic in the extreme, useless and impossible to justify."

Starting from its fifth issue the magazine was published in New York City.[2] Its eighth issue was published in Zurich.[2] Then the magazine was published in Paris until 1924 when its last issue, number 19, was distributed.[2]

## See also

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* List of magazines in Spain
* List of avant-garde magazines

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Motherwell, Robert, ed. (1989). The Dada Painters and Poets: An Anthology (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Belknap Press. p. 262\. ISBN 0-674-18500-5. OCLC 17805210.
2. ^ a b c d e Peter Brooker; Sascha Bru; Andrew Thacker; Christian Weikop (2013). The Oxford Critical and Cultural History of Modernist Magazines: Europe 1880–1940. Oxford University Press. p. 398\. ISBN 978-0-19-965958-6.
3. ^ Aránzazu Ascunce Arenas (2012). Barcelona and Madrid: Social Networks of the Avant-Garde. Lexington Books. p. 116\. ISBN 978-1-61148-425-0.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Richter, Hans. Dada: Art and Anti-Art (Thames & Hudson 1965) ISBN 978-0500204313

## External links

[edit]

* Downloadable pages from several issues of 391
* 391.org, a modern version of the magazine

* v
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Francis Picabia

List of works

Paintings|

* Caoutchouc (c. 1909)
* The Procession, Seville (1912)
* The Spring (1912)
* Udnie (1913)
* The Double World (1919)
* La Nuit Espagnole (The Spanish Night) (1922)
* Animal Trainer (1923)
* Midi (Promenade des Anglais) (1924–1925)

Ballets|

* Relâche (1924)

Related|

* Gabrièle Buffet-Picabia (wife)
* Cubism
* Abstract art
* Anti-art
* Dada
* New York Dada
* The Blind Man
* Galeries Dalmau
* 291 (magazine)
* 391 (magazine)
* Littérature (magazine)

* v
* t
* e

Dada

New York Dada|

* Marcel Duchamp
* Francis Picabia
* Man Ray
* Beatrice Wood
* Louise Norton
* Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven
* Juliette Roche Gleizes
* Jean Crotti

European Dada|

* Dragan Aleksić
* Louis Aragon
* Jean Arp
* Johannes Baader
* Alice Bailly
* Hugo Ball
* André Breton
* Gabrièle Buffet-Picabia
* Serge Charchoune
* Arthur Cravan
* Jean Crotti
* Otto Dix
* Theo van Doesburg
* Marcel Duchamp
* Suzanne Duchamp
* Paul Éluard
* Max Ernst
* Julius Evola
* George Grosz
* Raoul Hausmann
* John Heartfield
* Emmy Hennings
* Hannah Höch
* Richard Huelsenbeck
* Iliazd
* Marcel Janco
* Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven
* Clément Pansaers
* Francis Picabia
* Man Ray
* Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes
* Jacques Rigaut
* Henri-Pierre Roché
* Kurt Schwitters
* Walter Serner
* Philippe Soupault
* Sophie Taeuber-Arp
* Julien Torma
* Tristan Tzara
* Jacques Vaché

Works|

* Bicycle Wheel
* Bottle Rack
* Fountain
* Dada-Review
* Prelude to a Broken Arm
* Why Not Sneeze, Rose Sélavy?
* L.H.O.O.Q.
* Tulip Hysteria Co-ordinating
* Rrose Sélavy
* Readymades of Marcel Duchamp
* The Gas Heart (1921 play)
* Handkerchief of Clouds (1924 play)

Publications|

* Dada Manifesto
* 291 (magazine)
* 391 (magazine)
* The Blind Man (magazine)
* Dadaglobe

Influences|

* Alfred Jarry
* Incoherents
* Eugène Bataille (aka Sapeck)
* Parade (ballet)

Influenced|

* Conceptual art
* Surrealism
* Nouveau réalisme
* Pop art
* Fluxus
* Monochrome painting
* Downtown music

Related|

* Alfred Stieglitz (photographer, art promoter)
* Walter Conrad Arensberg (art collector)
* 291 (art gallery)
* Galeries Dalmau
* Found object
* Anti-art
* Anarchism and the arts
* Anti-anti-art
* Anti-poetry
* Appropriation (art)
* Art intervention
* Cabaret Voltaire
* Noise music
* Épater la bourgeoisie
* Shock art
* Beatrice Wood: Mama of Dada (1993 documentary)
* Man and Boy: Dada (2006 opera)

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* 2

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data

Other|

* IdRef

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