400 metres hurdles

Track and field hurdling event

Athletics
400 metres hurdles

Women's 400m hurdles

World records
Men|  Karsten Warholm 45.94 (2021)
Women|  Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone 50.37 (2024)
Olympic records
Men|  Karsten Warholm 45.94 (2021)
Women|  Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone 50.37 (2024)
World Championship records
Men|  Alison dos Santos 46.29 (2022)
Women|  Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone 50.68 (2022)

The 400 metres hurdles is a track and field hurdling event. The event has been on the Olympic athletics programme since 1900 for men and since 1984 for women.

On a standard outdoor track, 400 metres is the length of the inside lane, once around the stadium. Runners stay in their lanes the entire way after starting out of the blocks and must clear ten hurdles that are evenly spaced around the track. The hurdles are positioned and weighted so that they fall forward if bumped into with sufficient force, to prevent injury to the runners. Although there is no longer any penalty for knocking hurdles over, runners prefer to clear them cleanly, as touching them during the race slows runners down.

The current men's and women's world record holders are Karsten Warholm with 45.94 seconds and Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone with 50.37 seconds. Compared to the 400 metres run, the hurdles race takes the men about three seconds longer and the women four seconds longer. Men clear hurdles that are 36 inches (91.4 cm) high, while women negotiate 30 inches (76.2 cm) barriers.

The 400 m hurdles was held for both sexes at the inaugural IAAF World Championships in Athletics. The first championship for women came at the 1980 World Championships in Athletics – being held as a one-off due to the lack of a race at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## History

[edit]

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See also: Men's 400 metres hurdles world record progression and Women's 400 metres hurdles world record progression

The first awards in a men's 400 m hurdles race were given in 1860 when a race was held in Oxford, England, over a course of 440 yards (402.336 m). While running the course, participants had to clear twelve wooden hurdles, over 100 centimetres tall, that had been spaced in even intervals.

To reduce the risk of injury, somewhat more lightweight constructions were introduced in 1895 that runners could push over. However, until 1935 runners were disqualified if they pushed over more than three hurdles in a race and records were only officially accepted if the runner in question had cleared all hurdles clean and left them all standing.

The 400 m hurdles became an Olympic event at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. At the same time, the race was standardized; thus, virtually identical races could be held and the finish times compared to one other. As a result, the official distance was fixed to 400 metres, or one lap of the stadium, and the number of hurdles was reduced to ten. The official height of the hurdles was set to 36 inches (91.4 cm). The hurdles are now placed on the course with a run-up to the first hurdle of 45 metres, distance between the hurdles of 35 metres each, and home stretch from the last hurdle to finish line of 40 metres.

The first documented 400 m hurdles race for women took place in 1971. In 1974, the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF), now known as World Athletics, introduced the event officially as a discipline, with hurdles at the lower height of 30 inches (76.2 cm). The women's race was not run at the Olympics until the 1984 Summer Games in Los Angeles where it was first staged with the first Men's World Champion having been crowned the year before at the inaugural World Athletics Championships. A special edition of the Women's 400m Hurdles took place in the 1980 IAAF World Championships in Athletics in response to the Women's 400m Hurdles not being included at the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and Liberty Bell Classic.

Many athletic commentators and officials have often brought up the idea of lifting the height of the women's 400 m hurdles to incorporate a greater requirement of hurdling skill. This is a view held by German athletic coach Norbert Stein, "All this means that the women's hurdles for specialists, who are the target group to be dealt with in this discussion, is considerably depreciated in skill demands when compared to the men's hurdles. It should not be possible in the women's hurdles that the winner is an athlete whose performance in the flat sprint is demonstrably excellent but whose technique of hurdling is only moderate and whose anthropometric characteristics are not optimal. This was the case at the World Championships in Seville and the same problem can often be seen at international and national meetings."[citation needed]

## Hurdling technique

[edit]

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In terms of technique and endurance, the 400-metre hurdles is arguably the most demanding event in the sprints and hurdles group.[1]: 4169 [2]: 9 Athletes must be able to run a fast 400-metre flat time, maintain a good hurdling technique, and have a unique awareness of stride pattern between hurdles.[2]: 9 The ideal time difference between an athlete's 400 time and their 400 hurdles time should be between 1.5 to 3 seconds. This variation depends on the specific qualities of the athlete. At the professional level, the women's hurdles are smaller (76cm) than the men's (91cm) which usually makes the 400-400hs average time difference smaller for female athletes. In 2024, the two fastest 400 hurdlers in the world (Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone and Femke Bol) are also two of the fastest women in the open 400, based on their relay split compared to other athletes. To be able to maintain a good hurdling technique throughout the race it is important to work on step patterns. The number of steps an athlete takes during a 400 hurdles is called rhythm. Most 400 hurdlers know how many steps they are going to take in between each hurdle, starting from the block. The distance between the block and the first hurdle is 45 meters, which allows the fastest women to take 21 to 23 steps, while the fastest men can get down to 19 or 20. After the first one, the hurdles are 35 meters apart, and the tenth one is placed at 40 meters from the finish line. The internal steps from hurdle two to hurdle ten vary depending on the athlete's abilities, speed, technique, and personal preferences. The most skilled athletes can change their rhythm depending on how fast they need, or want, to run. For example, Karsten Warholm ran 13 steps up to hurdle seven, then decided to switch to 15 steps for the last three hurdles at the Paris Olympics, because he is more comfortable going over hurdles with his dominant leg. An even number of steps in between the hurdles implies alternating which leg goes over it first (lead leg), while an uneven number of steps allows for going over the hurdles with the same leg. Furthermore, athletes must possess anaerobic endurance over the final 150 to 100 metres of the race as, at this point, lactate (the conjugate base of lactic acid) will accumulate in the body from anaerobic glycolysis.[3]: 43

### Block start

[edit]

When preparing to hurdle, the blocks should be set so that the athlete arrives at the first hurdle leading on the desired leg without inserting a stutter step. A stutter step is when the runner has to chop his or her stride down to arrive on the "correct" leg for take off. Throughout the race, any adjustments to stride length stride speed should be made several strides out from the hurdle because a stutter or being too far from the hurdle at takeoff will result in loss of momentum and speed.

### Hurdling

[edit]

Géo André jumps over a barrier during the 400 metres hurdles in 1922

At the beginning of the take-off, the knee must be driven toward the hurdle and the foot then extended. The leg position when extended must be stretched out, in a position of a split. The knee should be slightly bent when crossing the hurdle. Unless an athlete's body has great flexibility, the knee must be slightly bent to allow a forward body lean. Unlike the 110m hurdles, a significant forward body lean is not that necessary due to the hurdles being lower. However, the trail leg must be kept bent and short to provide a quick lever action allowing a fast hurdle clearance. The knee should pull through under the armpit and should not be flat across the top of the hurdle.

It is also important that the hurdler does not reach out on the last stride before the hurdle as this will result in a longer bound being made to clear the hurdle. This will also result in a loss of momentum if the foot lands well in front of the center of gravity.

### Stride length

[edit]

Using a left lead leg on the bends allows the hurdler to run closer to the inside of the lane and cover a shorter distance. Additionally, if the left leg is used for the lead, then the athlete's upper body can be leaned to the left, making it easier to bring the trail leg through. Additionally, an athlete hurdling with a right leg lead around the bends must take care that they do not inadvertently trail their foot or toe around the hurdle rather than passing over the top, which would lead to a disqualification from the race. Depending on the height and strength of the athlete, men work toward a stride pattern of 13 to 15 steps between each hurdle, and women work toward a stride pattern of 15 to 17. This does not include the landing step from the previous hurdle. Edwin Moses was the first man to keep 13 strides throughout an entire race. Weaker athletes will typically hold a longer step pattern throughout the race so that they do not bound or reach with each step, which also results in a loss of speed. These patterns are ideal because it allows the hurdler to take off from their predominant leg throughout the race without switching legs. However, fatigue from the race will knock athletes off their stride pattern and force runners to switch legs. At an early age, many coaches train their athletes to hurdle with both legs. This is a useful skill to learn since as a runner tires, their stride length may decrease, resulting in the need either to add a stutter stride, or to take a hurdle on the other leg. Even though some athletes prefer using their dominant leg as lead, every professional knows how to go over hurdles with both legs. Some athletes have started choosing an even rhythm (Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone does 14 steps for most of her race).

## Continental Records

[edit]

* Updated 14 July 2024.[4][5]

Area  | Men  | Women

|
|

Time (s)  | Athlete  | Nation  | Time (s)  | Athlete  | Nation
Africa (records) | 47.10 | Samuel Matete |  Zambia | 52.90 | Nezha Bidouane |  Morocco
Asia (records) | 46.98 | Abderrahman Samba |  Qatar | 53.96 | Han Qing |  China
Song Yinglan |  China
Europe (records) | 45.94 WR | Karsten Warholm |  Norway | 50.95 | Femke Bol |  Netherlands
North, Central America
and Caribbean (records) | 46.17 | Rai Benjamin |  United States | 50.37 WR | Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone |  United States
Oceania (records) | 48.28 | Rohan Robinson |  Australia | 53.17 | Debbie Flintoff-King |  Australia
South America (records) | 46.29 | Alison dos Santos |  Brazil | 53.69 | Gianna Woodruff |  Panama

## All-time top 25

[edit]

Tables show data for two definitions of "Top 25" - the top 25 400m hurdles times and the top 25 athletes:

\- denotes top performance for athletes in the top 25 400m hurdles times
\- denotes lesser performances, still in the top 25 400m hurdles times, by repeat athletes
\- denotes top performance (only) for other top 25 athletes who fall outside the top 25 400m hurdles times

### Men

[edit]

* Correct as of August 2024.[6][7]

Ath.# | Perf.# | Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1 | 1 | 45.94 | Karsten Warholm |  Norway | 3 August 2021 | Tokyo | [8]
2 | 2 | 46.17 | Rai Benjamin |  United States | 3 August 2021 | Tokyo | [8]
3 | 3 | 46.29 | Alison dos Santos |  Brazil | 19 July 2022 | Eugene | [9]
| 4  | 46.39  | Benjamin #2 |  | 16 September 2023  | Eugene | [10]
5  | 46.46  | Benjamin #3 | 30 June 2024  | Eugene | [11]
Benjamin #4 | 9 August 2024  | Saint-Denis | [12]
7  | 46.51  | Warholm #2 | 21 July 2023  | Monaco | [13]
8  | 46.52  | Warholm #3 | 15 June 2023  | Oslo | [14]
9  | 46.53  | Warholm #4 | 16 September 2023  | Eugene | [10]
10  | 46.62  | Benjamin #5 | 9 July 2023  | Eugene | [15]
11  | 46.63  | dos Santos #2 | 30 May 2024  | Oslo | [16]
12  | 46.64  | Benjamin #6 | 18 May 2024  | Los Angeles | [17]
13  | 46.67  | Benjamin #7 | 12 July 2024  | Monaco | [18]
14 | 46.70 | Warholm #5 | 1 July 2021 | Oslo |
Warholm #6 | 30 May 2024 | Oslo | [19]
16  | 46.72  | dos Santos #3 | 3 August 2021  | Tokyo | [8]
17  | 46.73  | Warholm #7 | 12 July 2024  | Monaco | [20]
18  | 46.76  | Warholm #8 | 6 July 2023  | Jessheim | [21]
4 | 19 | 46.78 | Kevin Young |  United States | 6 August 1992 | Barcelona |
| 20  | 46.80  | dos Santos #4 |  | 30 June 2022  | Stockholm | [22]
21  | 46.83  | Benjamin #8 | 27 June 2021  | Eugene |
22  | 46.86  | dos Santos #5 | 10 May 2024  | Doha | [23]
23 | 46.87 | Warholm #9 | 23 August 2020 | Stockholm |
24  | 46.89  | Benjamin #9 | 19 July 2022  | Eugene | [24]
Warholm #10 | 23 August 2023 | Budapest | [25]
5 |  | 46.98 | Abderrahman Samba |  Qatar | 30 June 2018 | Paris | [26]
6 | 47.02 | Edwin Moses |  United States | 31 August 1983 | Koblenz |
7 | 47.03 | Bryan Bronson |  United States | 21 June 1998 | New Orleans |
8  | 47.08  | Kyron McMaster |  British Virgin Islands | 3 August 2021  | Tokyo | [8]
9 | 47.10 | Samuel Matete |  Zambia | 7 August 1991 | Zürich |
10 | 47.19 | Andre Phillips |  United States | 25 September 1988 | Seoul |
11 | 47.23 | Amadou Dia Ba |  Senegal | 25 September 1988 | Seoul |
Caleb Dean |  United States | 7 June 2024  | Eugene | [27]
13 | 47.24 | Kerron Clement |  United States | 26 June 2005 | Carson |
14 | 47.25 | Félix Sánchez |  Dominican Republic | 29 August 2003 | Saint-Denis |
Angelo Taylor |  United States | 18 August 2008 | Beijing |
16 | 47.30 | Bershawn Jackson |  United States | 9 August 2005 | Helsinki |
17 | 47.34 | Roshawn Clarke |  Jamaica | 21 August 2023 | Budapest | [28]
18 | 47.37 | Stéphane Diagana |  France | 5 July 1995 | Lausanne |
19 | 47.38 | Danny Harris |  United States | 10 July 1991 | Lausanne |
Trevor Bassitt |  United States | 21 August 2023 | Budapest | [29]
21  | 47.41  | Wilfried Happio |  France | 19 July 2022  | Eugene | [30]
22 | 47.42 | Malik James-King |  Jamaica | 28 June 2024 | Kingston | [31]
Clement Ducos |  France | 25 August 2024 | Chorzów | [32]
24 | 47.43 | James Carter |  United States | 9 August 2005 | Helsinki |
25 | 47.48 | Harald Schmid |  West Germany | 8 September 1982 | Athens |

### Women

[edit]

* Correct as of August 2024.[33]

Ath.# | Perf.# | Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1 | 1 | 50.37 | Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone |  United States | 8 August 2024 | Saint-Denis | [34]
| 2 | 50.65 | McLaughlin-Levrone #2 |  | 30 June 2024 | Eugene | [11]
3  | 50.68  | McLaughlin-Levrone #3 | 22 July 2022  | Eugene | [35][36]
2  | 4  | 50.95  | Femke Bol |  Netherlands | 14 July 2024  | La Chaux-de-Fonds | [37][38]
| 5 | 51.30 | Bol #2 |  | 20 July 2024 | London | [39]
6  | 51.41  | McLaughlin-Levrone #4 | 25 June 2022  | Eugene | [40]
7 | 51.45 | Bol #3 | 23 July 2023 | London | [41]
8  | 51.46  | McLaughlin-Levrone #5 | 4 August 2021  | Tokyo | [42]
3 | 9 | 51.58 | Dalilah Muhammad |  United States | 4 August 2021 | Tokyo | [42]
| 10  | 51.61  | McLaughlin-Levrone #6 |  | 5 June 2022  | Nashville | [43]
11  | 51.68  | McLaughlin-Levrone #7 | 8 August 2022  | Székesfehérvár | [44]
12  | 51.70  | Bol #4 | 24 August 2023  | Budapest | [45]
4  | 13  | 51.87  | Anna Cockrell |  United States | 8 August 2024  | Saint-Denis | [34]
| 14  | 51.90  | McLaughlin-Levrone #8 |  | 27 June 2021  | Eugene | [46]
15  | 51.98  | Bol #5 | 17 September 2023  | Eugene | [47]
16 | 52.03 | Bol #6 | 4 August 2021 | Tokyo | [42]
17 | 52.11 | Bol #7 | 8 September 2023 | Brussels | [48]
18 | 52.13 | McLaughlin-Levrone #9 | 6 August 2024 | Saint-Denis | [49]
Bol #8 | 25 August 2024  | Chorzów | [50]
20  | 52.15  | Bol #9 | 8 August 2024  | Saint-Denis | [34]
21  | 52.16  | Muhammad #2 | 4 October 2019  | Doha | [51]
22  | 52.17  | McLaughlin-Levrone #10 | 20 July 2022  | Eugene | [52]
23 | 52.20 | Muhammad #3 | 28 July 2019 | Des Moines |
24 | 52.23 | McLaughlin-Levrone #11 | 4 October 2019 | Doha | [51]
25  | 52.25  | Bol #10 | 22 August 2024  | Lausanne | [53]
5  |  | 52.29  | Jasmine Jones |  United States | 8 August 2024  | Saint-Denis | [34]
6 | 52.34 | Yuliya Pechonkina |  Russia | 8 August 2003 | Tula |
7 | 52.39 | Shamier Little |  United States | 4 July 2021 | Stockholm | [54]
8 | 52.42 | Melaine Walker |  Jamaica | 20 August 2009 | Berlin |
9 | 52.47 | Lashinda Demus |  United States | 1 September 2011 | Daegu |
10 | 52.51 | Rushell Clayton |  Jamaica | 28 June 2024 | Kingston | [55]
11 | 52.61 | Kim Batten |  United States | 11 August 1995 | Gothenburg |
12 | 52.62 | Tonja Buford-Bailey |  United States | 11 August 1995 | Gothenburg |
13 | 52.74 | Sally Gunnell |  Great Britain | 19 August 1993 | Stuttgart |
14 | 52.77 | Fani Halkia |  Greece | 22 August 2004 | Athens |
15 | 52.79 | Sandra Farmer-Patrick |  United States | 19 August 1993 | Stuttgart |
Kaliese Spencer |  Jamaica | 5 August 2011 | London |
17 | 52.82 | Deon Hemmings |  Jamaica | 31 July 1996 | Atlanta |
18 | 52.83 | Zuzana Hejnová |  Czech Republic | 15 August 2013 | Moscow |
19 | 52.89 | Daimí Pernía |  Cuba | 25 August 1999 | Seville |
20 | 52.90 | Nezha Bidouane |  Morocco | 25 August 1999 | Seville |
21 | 52.92 | Natalya Antyukh |  Russia | 30 July 2010 | Barcelona |
22 | 52.94 | Marina Stepanova |  Soviet Union | 17 September 1986 | Tashkent |
23 | 52.95 | Sheena Johnson |  United States | 11 July 2004 | Sacramento |
Kori Carter |  United States | 25 June 2017 | Sacramento |
25 | 52.96 | Anna Ryzhykova |  Ukraine | 4 July 2021 | Stockholm | [54]

#### Annulled marks

[edit]

The following athletes have had their personal best annulled due to doping offences:

Time  | Athlete  | Nation  | Date  | Place  | Ref

|
|
|
|
|

52.70  | Natalya Antyukh |  Russia | 08 August 2012  | London | [56]

## Milestones

[edit]

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|

* Men
* First official IAAF world record: 55.0 seconds, Charles Bacon (USA), 1908
* First under 54 seconds: 53.8 seconds, Sten Pettersson (SWE), 1925
* First under 53 seconds: 52.6 seconds, John Gibson (USA), 1927
* First under 52 seconds: 51.7 seconds, Bob Tisdall (IRL), 1932
* First under 51 seconds: 50.6 seconds, Glenn Hardin (USA), 1934
* First under 50 seconds: 49.5 seconds, Glenn Davis (USA), 1956
* First under 49 seconds: 48.8 seconds, Geoff Vanderstock (USA), 1968
* First under 48 seconds: 47.82 seconds, John Akii-Bua (UGA), 1972
* First under 47 seconds: 46.78 seconds, Kevin Young (USA), 1992
* First under 46 seconds: 45.94 seconds, Karsten Warholm (NOR), 2021[57]
* Women
* First official world record: 56.51 seconds, Krystyna Kacperczyk (POL), 1974
* First under 56 seconds: 55.74 seconds, Tatyana Storozheva (URS), 1977
* First under 55 seconds: 54.89 seconds, Tatyana Zelentsova (URS), 1978
* First under 54 seconds: 53.58 seconds, Margarita Ponomaryova (URS), 1984
* First under 53 seconds: 52.94 seconds, Marina Stepanova (URS), 1986
* First under 52 seconds: 51.90 seconds, Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA), 2021
* First under 51 seconds: 50.68 seconds, Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA), 2022

## Most successful athletes

[edit]

American athlete Glenn Davis had a prodigious start to his hurdling career, running his first race in April 1956 in 54.4 s. Two months later, he ran a new world record with 49.5 s and later that year he won the 400 m hurdles at the Olympics, and was also the first to repeat that feat in 1960.

In terms of success and longevity in competition, Edwin Moses' record is significant: he won 122 races in a row between 1977 and 1987 plus two gold medals, at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montréal and the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He was undefeated for exactly nine years nine months and nine days, from 26 August 1977 until 4 June 1987. He finished third in the 1988 Olympic final, the last race of his career. He also held the world record for sixteen years from when he first broke it at the Olympics on 25 July 1976 until it was finally broken by Kevin Young at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

Edwin Moses

* Olympic Games & World Championships victories
* Edwin Moses (USA), Olympic 1976, 1984, World 1983, 1987
* Felix Sanchez (DOM), Olympic 2004, 2012, World 2001, 2003
* Karsten Warholm (NOR), Olympic 2020, World 2017, 2019, 2023
* Kerron Clement (USA), Olympic 2016, World 2007, 2009
* Sally Gunnell (GBR), Olympic 1992, World 1993
* Kevin Young (USA), Olympic 1992, World 1993
* Derrick Adkins (USA), Olympic 1996, World 1995
* Melaine Walker (JAM), Olympic 2008, World 2009
* Lashinda Demus (USA), Olympic 2012, World 2011
* Dalilah Muhammad (USA), Olympic 2016, World 2019
* Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA) Olympic 2020, 2024, World 2022
* Two Olympic victories:
* Glenn Davis (USA), 1956 and 1960
* Edwin Moses (USA), 1976 and 1984 (also bronze in 1988)
* Angelo Taylor (USA), 2000 and 2008
* Félix Sánchez (DOM), 2004 and 2012
* Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA), 2020 and 2024
* Three World Championships:
* Karsten Warholm (NOR), 2017, 2019 and 2023
* Two World Championships:
* Edwin Moses (USA), 1983 and 1987
* Félix Sánchez (DOM), 2001 and 2003 (won silver in 2007)
* Kerron Clement (USA), 2007 and 2009
* Nezha Bidouane (MAR), 1997 and 2001 (won silver in 1999)
* Jana Pittman (AUS), 2003 and 2007
* Zuzana Hejnová (CZE), 2013 and 2015

* Note: Edwin Moses, Kevin Young and Karsten Warholm are the only male 400 m hurdlers to have been Olympic Champion, World Champion, and broken the World Record.
* Note: Sally Gunnell, Dalilah Muhammad and Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone are the only female 400 m hurdlers to have been Olympic Champion, World Champion, and broken the World Record.

## Olympic medalists

[edit]

### Men

[edit]

Games  | Gold  | Silver  | Bronze

|
|
|

edit

1900 Paris
details | Walter Tewksbury
United States | Henri Tauzin
France | George Orton
Canada
1904 St. Louis
details | Harry Hillman
United States | Frank Waller
United States | George Poage
United States
1908 London
details | Charles Bacon
United States | Harry Hillman
United States | Jimmy Tremeer
Great Britain
1912 Stockholm | not included in the Olympic program
1920 Antwerp
details | Frank Loomis
United States | John Norton
United States | August Desch
United States
1924 Paris
details | Morgan Taylor
United States | Erik Wilén
Finland | Ivan Riley
United States
1928 Amsterdam
details | David Burghley
Great Britain | Frank Cuhel
United States | Morgan Taylor
United States
1932 Los Angeles
details | Bob Tisdall
Ireland | Glenn Hardin
United States | Morgan Taylor
United States
1936 Berlin
details | Glenn Hardin
United States | John Loaring
Canada | Miguel White
Philippines
1948 London
details | Roy Cochran
United States | Duncan White
Ceylon | Rune Larsson
Sweden
1952 Helsinki
details | Charles Moore
United States | Yuriy Lituyev
Soviet Union | John Holland
New Zealand
1956 Melbourne
details | Glenn Davis
United States | Eddie Southern
United States | Josh Culbreath
United States
1960 Rome
details | Glenn Davis
United States | Clifton Cushman
United States | Dick Howard
United States
1964 Tokyo
details | Rex Cawley
United States | John Cooper
Great Britain | Salvatore Morale
Italy
1968 Mexico City
details | David Hemery
Great Britain | Gerhard Hennige
West Germany | John Sherwood
Great Britain
1972 Munich
details | John Akii-Bua
Uganda | Ralph Mann
United States | David Hemery
Great Britain
1976 Montreal
details | Edwin Moses
United States | Michael Shine
United States | Yevgeniy Gavrilenko
Soviet Union
1980 Moscow
details | Volker Beck
East Germany | Vasyl Arkhypenko
Soviet Union | Gary Oakes
Great Britain
1984 Los Angeles
details | Edwin Moses
United States | Danny Harris
United States | Harald Schmid
West Germany
1988 Seoul
details | André Phillips
United States | Amadou Dia Ba
Senegal | Edwin Moses
United States
1992 Barcelona
details | Kevin Young
United States | Winthrop Graham
Jamaica | Kriss Akabusi
Great Britain
1996 Atlanta
details | Derrick Adkins
United States | Samuel Matete
Zambia | Calvin Davis
United States
2000 Sydney
details | Angelo Taylor
United States | Hadi Al-Somaily
Saudi Arabia | Llewellyn Herbert
South Africa
2004 Athens
details | Félix Sánchez
Dominican Republic | Danny McFarlane
Jamaica | Naman Keïta
France
2008 Beijing
details | Angelo Taylor
United States | Kerron Clement
United States | Bershawn Jackson
United States
2012 London
details | Félix Sánchez
Dominican Republic | Michael Tinsley
United States | Javier Culson
Puerto Rico
2016 Rio de Janeiro
details | Kerron Clement
United States | Boniface Mucheru Tumuti
Kenya | Yasmani Copello
Turkey
2020 Tokyo
details | Karsten Warholm
Norway | Rai Benjamin
United States | Alison dos Santos
Brazil
2024 Paris
details | Rai Benjamin
United States | Karsten Warholm
Norway | Alison dos Santos
Brazil

### Women

[edit]

Games  | Gold  | Silver  | Bronze

|
|
|

edit

1984 Los Angeles
details | Nawal El Moutawakel
Morocco | Judi Brown
United States | Cristieana Cojocaru
Romania
1988 Seoul
details | Debbie Flintoff-King
Australia | Tatyana Ledovskaya
Soviet Union | Ellen Fiedler
East Germany
1992 Barcelona
details | Sally Gunnell
Great Britain | Sandra Farmer-Patrick
United States | Janeene Vickers
United States
1996 Atlanta
details | Deon Hemmings
Jamaica | Kim Batten
United States | Tonja Buford-Bailey
United States
2000 Sydney
details | Irina Privalova
Russia | Deon Hemmings
Jamaica | Nezha Bidouane
Morocco
2004 Athens
details | Fani Halkia
Greece | Ionela Târlea-Manolache
Romania | Tetyana Tereshchuk-Antipova
Ukraine
2008 Beijing
details | Melaine Walker
Jamaica | Sheena Tosta
United States | Tasha Danvers
Great Britain
2012 London
details | Lashinda Demus
United States | Zuzana Hejnová
Czech Republic | Kaliese Spencer
Jamaica
2016 Rio de Janeiro
details | Dalilah Muhammad
United States | Sara Petersen
Denmark | Ashley Spencer
United States
2020 Tokyo
details | Sydney McLaughlin
United States | Dalilah Muhammad
United States | Femke Bol
Netherlands
2024 Paris
details | Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone
United States | Anna Cockrell
United States | Femke Bol
Netherlands

## World Championships medalists

[edit]

### Men

[edit]

Championships  | Gold  | Silver  | Bronze

|
|
|

1983 Helsinki
details |  Edwin Moses (USA) |  Harald Schmid (FRG) |  Aleksandr Kharlov (URS)
1987 Rome
details |  Edwin Moses (USA) |  Danny Harris (USA) |  Harald Schmid (FRG)
1991 Tokyo
details |  Samuel Matete (ZAM) |  Winthrop Graham (JAM) |  Kriss Akabusi (GBR)
1993 Stuttgart
details |  Kevin Young (USA) |  Samuel Matete (ZAM) |  Winthrop Graham (JAM)
1995 Gothenburg
details |  Derrick Adkins (USA) |  Samuel Matete (ZAM) |  Stéphane Diagana (FRA)
1997 Athens
details |  Stéphane Diagana (FRA) |  Llewellyn Herbert (RSA) |  Bryan Bronson (USA)
1999 Seville
details |  Fabrizio Mori (ITA) |  Stéphane Diagana (FRA) |  Marcel Schelbert (SUI)
2001 Edmonton
details |  Félix Sánchez (DOM) |  Fabrizio Mori (ITA) |  Dai Tamesue (JPN)
2003 Saint-Denis
details |  Félix Sánchez (DOM) |  Joey Woody (USA) |  Periklis Iakovakis (GRE)
2005 Helsinki
details |  Bershawn Jackson (USA) |  James Carter (USA) |  Dai Tamesue (JPN)
2007 Osaka
details |  Kerron Clement (USA) |  Félix Sánchez (DOM) |  Marek Plawgo (POL)
2009 Berlin
details |  Kerron Clement (USA) |  Javier Culson (PUR) |  Bershawn Jackson (USA)
2011 Daegu
details |  Dai Greene (GBR) |  Javier Culson (PUR) |  L. J. van Zyl (RSA)
2013 Moscow
details |  Jehue Gordon (TRI) |  Michael Tinsley (USA) |  Emir Bekrić (SRB)
2015 Beijing
details |  Nicholas Bett (KEN) |  Denis Kudryavtsev (RUS) |  Jeffery Gibson (BAH)
2017 London
details |  Karsten Warholm (NOR) |  Yasmani Copello (TUR) |  Kerron Clement (USA)
2019 Doha
details |  Karsten Warholm (NOR) |  Rai Benjamin (USA) |  Abderrahman Samba (QAT)
2022 Eugene
details |  Alison dos Santos (BRA) |  Rai Benjamin (USA) |  Trevor Bassitt (USA)
2023 Budapest
details |  Karsten Warholm (NOR) |  Kyron McMaster (BVI) |  Rai Benjamin (USA)

#### Medal table

[edit]

Rank| Nation| Gold| Silver| Bronze| Total

|
|
|
|
|

1|  United States (USA)| 7| 6| 5| 18
2|  Norway (NOR)| 3| 0| 0| 3
3|  Dominican Republic (DOM)| 2| 1| 0| 3
4|  Zambia (ZAM)| 1| 2| 0| 3
5|  France (FRA)| 1| 1| 1| 3
6|  Italy (ITA)| 1| 1| 0| 2
7|  Great Britain (GBR)| 1| 0| 1| 2
8|  Brazil (BRA)| 1| 0| 0| 1
Kenya (KEN)| 1| 0| 0| 1
Trinidad and Tobago (TTO)| 1| 0| 0| 1
11|  Puerto Rico (PUR)| 0| 2| 0| 2
12|  Germany (GER)| 0| 1| 1| 2
Jamaica (JAM)| 0| 1| 1| 2
South Africa (RSA)| 0| 1| 1| 2
15|  British Virgin Islands (BVI)| 0| 1| 0| 1
Russia (RUS)| 0| 1| 0| 1
Turkey (TUR)| 0| 1| 0| 1
18|  Japan (JPN)| 0| 0| 2| 2
19|  Bahamas (BAH)| 0| 0| 1| 1
Greece (GRE)| 0| 0| 1| 1
Poland (POL)| 0| 0| 1| 1
Qatar (QAT)| 0| 0| 1| 1
Serbia (SRB)| 0| 0| 1| 1
Soviet Union (URS)| 0| 0| 1| 1
Switzerland (SUI)| 0| 0| 1| 1
Totals (25 entries)| 19| 19| 19| 57

### Women

[edit]

* The official World Athletics Championships began in 1983 as the IAAF World Championships in Athletics, but in 1980, the women's 3000 metres and 400 metres hurdles events had a World Championship competition in Sittard, Netherlands. This was due to these events not yet being on the Olympic program (the same had happened in 1976 for the men's 50 km walk).[58]

Championships  | Gold  | Silver  | Bronze

|
|
|

1980 Sittard
details |  Bärbel Broschat (GDR) |  Ellen Neumann (GDR) |  Petra Pfaff (GDR)
1983 Helsinki
details |  Yekaterina Fesenko (URS) |  Ana Ambrazienė (URS) |  Ellen Neumann-Fiedler (GDR)
1987 Rome
details |  Sabine Busch (GDR) |  Debbie Flintoff (AUS) |  Cornelia Feuerbach (GDR)
1991 Tokyo
details |  Tatyana Ledovskaya (URS) |  Sally Gunnell (GBR) |  Janeene Vickers (USA)
1993 Stuttgart
details |  Sally Gunnell (GBR) |  Sandra Farmer-Patrick (USA) |  Margarita Ponomaryova (RUS)
1995 Gothenburg
details |  Kim Batten (USA) |  Tonja Buford (USA) |  Deon Hemmings (JAM)
1997 Athens
details |  Nezha Bidouane (MAR) |  Deon Hemmings (JAM) |  Kim Batten (USA)
1999 Seville
details |  Daimí Pernía (CUB) |  Nezha Bidouane (MAR) |  Deon Hemmings (JAM)
2001 Edmonton
details |  Nezha Bidouane (MAR) |  Yuliya Pechonkina (RUS) |  Daimí Pernía (CUB)
2003 Saint-Denis
details |  Jana Pittman (AUS) |  Sandra Glover (USA) |  Yuliya Pechonkina (RUS)
2005 Helsinki
details |  Yuliya Pechonkina (RUS) |  Lashinda Demus (USA) |  Sandra Glover (USA)
2007 Osaka
details |  Jana Rawlinson (AUS) |  Yuliya Pechenkina (RUS) |  Anna Jesień (POL)
2009 Berlin
details |  Melaine Walker (JAM) |  Lashinda Demus (USA) |  Josanne Lucas (TRI)
2011 Daegu
details |  Lashinda Demus (USA) |  Melaine Walker (JAM) |  Natalya Antyukh (RUS)
2013 Moscow
details |  Zuzana Hejnová (CZE) |  Dalilah Muhammad (USA) |  Lashinda Demus (USA)
2015 Beijing
details |  Zuzana Hejnová (CZE) |  Shamier Little (USA) |  Cassandra Tate (USA)
2017 London
details |  Kori Carter (USA) |  Dalilah Muhammad (USA) |  Ristananna Tracey (JAM)
2019 Doha
details |  Dalilah Muhammad (USA) |  Sydney McLaughlin (USA) |  Rushell Clayton (JAM)
2022 Eugene
details |  Sydney McLaughlin (USA) |  Femke Bol (NED) |  Dalilah Muhammad (USA)
2023 Budapest
details |  Femke Bol (NED) |  Shamier Little (USA) |  Rushell Clayton (JAM)

#### Medals by country

[edit]

Rank  | Nation  | Gold  | Silver  | Bronze  | Total

|
|
|
|
|

1 |  United States (USA) | 5 | 10 | 6 | 21
2 |  Germany (GER) | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7
3 |  East Germany (GDR) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6
4 |  Australia (AUS) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3
Morocco (MAR) | 2  | 1  | 0  | 3
Soviet Union (URS) | 2  | 1  | 0  | 3
7 |  Czech Republic (CZE) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2
8 |  Jamaica (JAM) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7
9 |  Russia (RUS) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6
10 |  Great Britain (GBR) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2
Netherlands (NED) | 1  | 1  | 0  | 2
12 |  Cuba (CUB) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2
13 |  Denmark (DEN) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1
14 |  Spain (ESP) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1
Turkey (TUR) | 0  | 1  | 0  | 1
16 |  Poland (POL) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1
Trinidad and Tobago (TTO) | 0  | 0  | 1  | 1

## Season's bests

[edit]

Men's  Year  | Time  | Athlete  | Place

|
|
|

1971  | 48.9h  |  Ralph Mann (USA) | Helsinki
1972  | 47.82  |  John Akii-Bua (UGA) | Munich
1973  | 48.54  |  John Akii-Bua (UGA) | Lagos
1974  | 48.1h  |  Jim Bolding (USA) | Milan
1975  | 48.4h  |  Jim Bolding (USA) | Milan
1976  | 47.63  |  Edwin Moses (USA) | Montreal
1977  | 47.45  |  Edwin Moses (USA) | Westwood
1978  | 47.94  |  Edwin Moses (USA) | Zürich
1979  | 47.53  |  Edwin Moses (USA) | Montreal
1980  | 47.13  |  Edwin Moses (USA) | Milan
1981  | 47.14  |  Edwin Moses (USA) | Lausanne
1982  | 47.48  |  Harald Schmid (FRG) | Athens
1983  | 47.02  |  Edwin Moses (USA) | Koblenz
1984  | 47.32  |  Edwin Moses (USA) | Koblenz
1985  | 47.63  |  Danny Harris (USA) | Zürich
1986  | 47.38  |  Edwin Moses (USA) | Lausanne
1987  | 47.46  |  Edwin Moses (USA) | Rome
1988  | 47.19  |  Andre Phillips (USA) | Seoul
1989  | 47.86  |  Kevin Young (USA) | Berlin
1990  | 47.49  |  Danny Harris (USA) | Lausanne
1991  | 47.10  |  Samuel Matete (ZAM) | Zürich
1992  | 46.78  |  Kevin Young (USA) | Barcelona
1993  | 47.18  |  Kevin Young (USA) | Stuttgart
1994  | 47.70  |  Derrick Adkins (USA) | Linz
1995  | 47.37  |  Stéphane Diagana (FRA) | Lausanne
1996  | 47.54  |  Derrick Adkins (USA) | Atlanta
1997  | 47.64  |  Bryan Bronson (USA) | Monaco
1998  | 47.03  |  Bryan Bronson (USA) | New Orleans
1999  | 47.72  |  Fabrizio Mori (ITA) | Seville
2000  | 47.50  |  Angelo Taylor (USA) | Sydney
2001  | 47.38  |  Félix Sánchez (DOM) | Zürich
2002  | 47.35  |  Félix Sánchez (DOM) | Zürich
2003  | 47.25  |  Félix Sánchez (DOM) | Saint-Denis
2004  | 47.63  |  Félix Sánchez (DOM) | Athens
2005  | 47.24  |  Kerron Clement (USA) | Carson
2006  | 47.39  |  Kerron Clement (USA) | Indianapolis
2007  | 47.61  |  Kerron Clement (USA) | Osaka
2008  | 47.25  |  Angelo Taylor (USA) | Beijing
2009  | 47.91  |  Kerron Clement (USA) | Berlin
2010  | 47.32  |  Bershawn Jackson (USA) | Des Moines
2011  | 47.66  |  L. J. van Zyl (RSA) | Pretoria
Ostrava
2012  | 47.63  |  Félix Sánchez (DOM) | London
2013  | 47.69  |  Jehue Gordon (TRI) | Moscow
2014  | 48.03  |  Javier Culson (PUR) | New York City
2015  | 47.79  |  Nicholas Bett (KEN) | Beijing
2016  | 47.73  |  Kerron Clement (USA) | Rio de Janeiro
2017  | 47.80  |  Kyron McMaster (IVB) | Kingston
2018  | 46.98  |  Abderrahman Samba (QAT) | Paris
2019  | 46.92  |  Karsten Warholm (NOR) | Zürich
2020  | 46.87  |  Karsten Warholm (NOR) | Stockholm
2021  | 45.94  |  Karsten Warholm (NOR) | Tokyo
2022  | 46.29  |  Alison dos Santos (BRA) | Eugene
2023  | 46.39  |  Rai Benjamin (USA) | Eugene
2024  | 46.46  |  Rai Benjamin (USA) | Eugene
Women's  Year  | Time  | Athlete  | Place

|
|
|

1971  |  |  |
1972  |  |  |
1973  | 56.7h  |  Danuta Piecyk (POL) | Warsaw
1974  | 56.51  |  Krystyna Kacperczyk (POL) | Augsburg
1975  |  |  |
1976  |  |  |
1977  | 55.63  |  Karin Roßley (GDR) | Helsinki
1978  | 54.89  |  Tatyana Zelentsova (URS) | Prague
1979  | 54.78  |  Marina Stepanova (URS) | Moscow
1980  | 54.28  |  Karin Roßley (GDR) | Jena
1981  | 54.79  |  Ellen Fiedler (GDR) | Jena
1982  | 54.57  |  Ann-Louise Skoglund (SWE) | Athens
1983  | 54.02  |  Anna Ambrazienė (URS) | Moscow
1984  | 53.58  |  Margarita Ponomaryova (URS) | Kyiv
1985  | 53.55  |  Sabine Busch (GDR) | Berlin
1986  | 52.94  |  Marina Stepanova (URS) | Tashkent
1987  | 53.24  |  Sabine Busch (GDR) | Potsdam
1988  | 53.17  |  Debbie Flintoff-King (AUS) | Seoul
1989  | 53.37  |  Sandra Farmer-Patrick (USA) | New York City
1990  | 53.62  |  Tatyana Ledovskaya (URS) | Split
1991  | 53.11  |  Tatyana Ledovskaya (URS) | Tokyo
1992  | 53.23  |  Sally Gunnell (GBR) | Barcelona
1993  | 52.74  |  Sally Gunnell (GBR) | Stuttgart
1994  | 53.33  |  Sally Gunnell (GBR) | Helsinki
1995  | 52.61  |  Kim Batten (USA) | Gothenburg
1996  | 52.82  |  Deon Hemmings (JAM) | Atlanta
1997  | 52.97  |  Kim Batten (USA) | Indianapolis
Nezha Bidouane (MAR) | Athens
1998  | 52.74  |  Kim Batten (USA) | Monaco
1999  | 52.89  |  Daimí Pernía (CUB) | Seville
2000  | 53.02  |  Irina Privalova (RUS) | Sydney
2001  | 53.34  |  Nezha Bidouane (MAR) | Edmonton
2002  | 53.10  |  Yuliya Pechonkina (RUS) | Tula
2003  | 52.34  |  Yuliya Pechonkina (RUS) | Tula
2004  | 52.77  |  Faní Halkiá (GRE) | Athens
2005  | 52.90  |  Yuliya Pechonkina (RUS) | Helsinki
2006  | 53.02  |  Lashinda Demus (USA) | Athens
2007  | 53.28  |  Tiffany Williams (USA) | Indianapolis
2008  | 52.64  |  Melaine Walker (JAM) | Beijing
2009  | 52.42  |  Melaine Walker (JAM) | Berlin
2010  | 52.82  |  Lashinda Demus (USA) | Rome
2011  | 52.47  |  Lashinda Demus (USA) | Daegu
2012  | 52.77  |  Lashinda Demus (USA) | London
2013  | 52.83  |  Zuzana Hejnová (CZE) | Moscow
2014  | 53.41  |  Kaliese Spencer (JAM) | Kingston
2015  | 53.50  |  Zuzana Hejnová (CZE) | Beijing
2016  | 52.88  |  Dalilah Muhammad (USA) | Eugene
2017  | 52.64  |  Dalilah Muhammad (USA) | Sacramento
2018  | 52.75  |  Sydney McLaughlin (USA) | Knoxville
2019  | 52.16  |  Dalilah Muhammad (USA) | Doha
2020  | 53.79  |  Femke Bol (NED) | Arnhem
2021  | 51.46  |  Sydney McLaughlin (USA) | Tokyo
2022  | 50.68  |  Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA) | Eugene
2023  | 51.45  |  Femke Bol (NED) | London
2024  | 50.37  |  Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA) |  Paris

## National records

[edit]

### Men

[edit]

* Updated 6 July 2024.[59]

Equal or superior to 48.00 s:

Nation  | Time  | Athlete  | Date  | Place

|
|
|
|

Norway | 45.94  | Karsten Warholm | 3 August 2021  | Tokyo
United States | 46.17  | Rai Benjamin | 3 August 2021  | Tokyo
Brazil | 46.29  | Alison dos Santos | 19 July 2022  | Eugene
Qatar | 46.98  | Abderrahman Samba | 30 June 2018  | Paris
British Virgin Islands | 47.08  | Kyron McMaster | 3 August 2021  | Tokyo
Zambia | 47.10  | Samuel Matete | 7 August 1991  | Zürich
Senegal | 47.23  | Amadou Dia Ba | 25 September 1988  | Seoul
Dominican Republic | 47.25  | Félix Sánchez | 29 August 2003  | Saint-Denis
Jamaica | 47.34  | Roshawn Clarke | 21 August 2023  | Budapest
France | 47.37  | Stéphane Diagana | 5 July 1995  | Lausanne
Germany | 47.48  | Harald Schmid | 8 September 1982  | Athens
Italy | 47.50  | Alessandro Sibilio | 11 June 2024  | Rome
Saudi Arabia | 47.53  | Hadi Soua'an Al-Somaily | 27 September 2000  | Sydney
South Africa | 47.66  | L. J. van Zyl | 25 February 2011  | Pretoria
Trinidad and Tobago | 47.69  | Jehue Gordon | 15 August 2013  | Moscow
Puerto Rico | 47.72  | Javier Culson | 8 May 2010  | Ponce
Kenya | 47.78  | Boniface Mucheru | 18 August 2016  | Rio de Janeiro
Turkey | 47.81  | Yasmani Copello | 9 August 2018  | Berlin
Uganda | 47.82  | John Akii-Bua | 2 September 1972  | Munich
Great Britain | 47.82  | Kriss Akabusi | 6 August 1992  | Barcelona
Greece | 47.82  | Periklis Iakovakis | 6 May 2006  | Osaka
Estonia | 47.82  | Rasmus Mägi | 14 June 2022  | Turku
Panama | 47.84  | Bayano Kamani | 7 August 2005  | Helsinki
Japan | 47.89  | Dai Tamesue | 10 August 2001  | Edmonton
Cuba | 47.93  | Omar Cisneros | 13 August 2013  | Moscow
Sweden | 47.94  | Carl Bengtström | 11 June 2024  | Rome
Ireland | 47.97  | Thomas Barr | 18 August 2016  | Rio de Janeiro
Nigeria | 48.00  | Ezekiel Nathaniel | 11 May 2024  | Waco

### Women

[edit]

* Updated 8 August 2024.[60]

Equal or superior to 54.00 s:

Nation  | Time  | Athlete  | Date  | Place

|
|
|
|

United States | 50.37  | Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone | 8 August 2024  | Saint-Denis
Netherlands | 50.95  | Femke Bol | 14 July 2024  | La Chaux-de-Fonds
Russia | 52.34  | Yuliya Pechonkina | 8 August 2003  | Tula
Jamaica | 52.42  | Melaine Walker | 20 August 2009  | Berlin
Great Britain | 52.74  | Sally Gunnell | 19 August 1993  | Stuttgart
Greece | 52.77  | Fani Halkia | 22 August 2004  | Athens
Czech Republic | 52.83  | Zuzana Hejnová | 15 August 2013  | Moscow
Cuba | 52.89  | Daimí Pernía | 25 August 1999  | Seville
Morocco | 52.90  | Nezha Bidouane | 25 August 1999  | Seville
Soviet Union | 52.94  | Marina Stepanova | 17 September 1986  | Tashkent
Ukraine | 52.96  | Anna Ryzhykova | 4 July 2021  | Stockholm
Bahrain | 53.09  | Kemi Adekoya | 24 August 2023  | Budapest
Australia | 53.17  | Debbie Flintoff-King | 28 September 1988  | Seoul
Trinidad and Tobago | 53.20  | Josanne Lucas | 20 August 2009  | Berlin
France | 53.21  | Marie-José Pérec | 16 August 1995  | Zürich
Germany | 53.24  | Sabine Busch | 21 August 1987  | Potsdam
Romania | 53.25  | Ionela Târlea | 7 July 1999  | Rome
Canada | 53.26  | Savannah Sutherland | 8 June 2024  | Eugene
Barbados | 53.36  | Andrea Blackett | 25 August 1999  | Sevilla
Denmark | 53.55  | Sara Slott Petersen | 18 August 2016  | Rio de Janeiro
Bulgaria | 53.68  | Vanya Stambolova | 5 June 2011  | Rabat
Panama | 53.69  | Gianna Woodruff | 20 July 2022  | Eugene
South Africa | 53.74  | Myrtle Bothma | 18 April 1986  | Johannesburg
Poland | 53.86  | Anna Jesień | 28 August 2007  | Osaka
Italy | 53.89  | Ayomide Folorunso | 22 August 2023  | Budapest
Norway | 53.91  | Line Kloster | 3 July 2022  | La Chaux-de-Fonds
China | 53.96  | Han Qing | 9 September 1993  | Beijing
Song Yinglan | 17 November 2001  | Guangzhou

## Notes and references

[edit]

1. ^ Lindeman, Ralph (1995). McGill, Kevin (ed.). "400 Meter Hurdle Theory". Track Coach (131). El Camino Real: Track & Field News: 4169–4171, 4196. ISSN 0041-0314. OCLC 477310277. Retrieved 3 August 2021. "Formerly Track Technique. Spring 1995 edition. Reprinted from the October 1994 edition of the Hurdle Times newsletter published by the USATF Men's Development Committee."
2. ^ a b Schiffer, Jürgen (2012). "The 400m Hurdles". New Studies in Athletics. 27 (1–2). International Amateur Athletic Federation. Aachen: Meyer & Meyer Sport: 9–25. ISSN 0961-933X. OCLC 751170802. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
3. ^ Iskra, Janus (1991). "Endurance in the 400 metres Hurdles". New Studies in Athletics. 6 (2). International Amateur Athletic Federation. Aachen: Meyer & Meyer Sport: 43–50. ISSN 0961-933X. OCLC 751170802. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
4. ^ "Men's outdoor 400 Metres Hurdles| Records". worldathletics.org. World Athletics. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
5. ^ "Women's outdoor 400 Metres Hurdles | Records". worldathletcs.org. World Athletics. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
6. ^ Larsson, Peter (10 August 2019). "All-time men's best 400m hurdles". Track and Field all-time Performances. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
7. ^ "All time Top Lists: Senior Outdoor, 400 Metres Hurdles, Men". World Athletics. Retrieved 21 November 2021. (select the "All" option when filtering by athlete)
8. ^ a b c d "Men's 400m Hurdles Results" (PDF). olympics.com. 3 August 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
9. ^ "Men's 400m Hurdles Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 19 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
10. ^ a b "400m Hurdles Result" (PDF). sportresult.com. 16 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.[dead link‍]
11. ^ a b Jessi Gabriel (30 June 2024). "McLaughlin-Levrone breaks world 400m hurdles record at US Trials". World Athletics. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
12. ^ "Paulino and Benjamin dazzle over one lap to win Olympic golds in Paris | News | Paris 24 | Olympic Games". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
13. ^ "400m Hurdles Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 21 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.[dead link‍]
14. ^ Cathal Dennehy (15 June 2023). "Warholm and Ingebrigtsen outstanding in Oslo". World Athletics. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
15. ^ "400m Hurdles Results". watchathletics.com. 9 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
16. ^ "400m Hurdles Result" (PDF). swisstiming.com. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
17. ^ "Benjamin and McLaughlin-Levrone impress in Los Angeles | REPORT | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
18. ^ "400m Hurdles Result" (PDF). swisstiming.com. 12 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
19. ^ "400m Hurdles Result" (PDF). swisstiming.com. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
20. ^ "400m Hurdles Result" (PDF). swisstiming.com. 12 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
21. ^ Fystro-Gjerde, Yngve (6 July 2023). "Karsten Warholm med sitt fjerde raskaste løp nokosinne: – Det er tullete". NRK (in Norwegian Nynorsk). Retrieved 6 July 2023.
22. ^ Simon Turnbull (30 June 2022). "Duplantis scales 6.16m in Stockholm for highest ever outdoor vault". World Athletics. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
23. ^ "400m Hurdles Results" (PDF). swisstiming.com. 10 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
24. ^ "Men's 400m Hurdles Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 19 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
25. ^ "Men's 400m Hurdles Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
26. ^ "400m Hurdles Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 30 June 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2018.[dead link‍]
27. ^ "Men 400 M Hurdles". flashresults.ncaa.com. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
28. ^ "400m Hurdles Semifinal Results Summary" (PDF). World Athletics. 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
29. ^ "400m Hurdles Semifinal Results Summary" (PDF). World Athletics. 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
30. ^ "Men's 400m Hurdles Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 19 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
31. ^ Noel Francis (29 June 2024). "Thompson and Jackson win 100m titles at Jamaican Championships". World Athletics. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
32. ^ "400m Hurdles Results" (PDF). swisstiming.com. 25 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
33. ^ "400 Metres Hurdles Women All Time". IAAF. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
34. ^ a b c d "Women's 400m Hurdles - Final results" (PDF). Olympics. 8 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
35. ^ "400m Hurldes Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 22 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
36. ^ Karen Rosen (26 July 2022). "McLaughlin breaks world 400m hurdles record with 50.68 at US Championships". World Athletics. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
37. ^ "Bol breaks European 400m hurdles record in La Chaux-de-Fonds". World Athletics. 14 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
38. ^ "400m Hurdles Women Results". 14 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
39. ^ "400m Hurdles Results" (PDF). swisstiming.com. 20 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
40. ^ Karen Rosen (26 June 2022). "McLaughlin breaks world 400m hurdles record with 51.41 at US Championships". World Athletics. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
41. ^ "400m Hurldes Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 23 July 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
42. ^ a b c "Athletics - Final Results". olympics.com. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2021.[dead link‍]
43. ^ "Sydney McLaughlin runs 51.61 seconds in her first 400m hurdles race this year in Nashville". watchathletics.com. 5 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
44. ^ Chris Broadbent (8 August 2022). "McLaughlin sets European all-comers' record of 51.68 in Szekesfehervar". World Athletics. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
45. ^ "400m Hurdles Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 24 August 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
46. ^ Ron Dicker (28 June 2021). "Sydney McLaughlin Shatters World Record in 400-Meter Hurdles at U.S. Olympic Trials". HuffPost. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
47. ^ "400m Hurdles Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 17 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.[dead link‍]
48. ^ "400m Hurdles Result" (PDF). sportresult.com. 8 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.[dead link‍]
49. ^ "Women's 400m Hurdles - Semi-Final 2/3 results" (PDF). Olympics. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
50. ^ "Results – 400m Hurdles Women", Diamond League, 25 August 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
51. ^ a b "400m Hurdles Results" (PDF). IAAF. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
52. ^ "Women's 400m Hurdles Semi-Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 20 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
53. ^ "Wanda Diamond League Lausanne - 400 metres hurdles women results" (PDF). Swiss Timing. 21 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
54. ^ a b Jess Whittington (4 July 2021). "Duplantis soars over meeting record in Stockholm". World Athletics. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
55. ^ Noel Francis (29 June 2024). "Thompson and Jackson win 100m titles at Jamaican Championships". World Athletics. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
56. ^ "400 Metres Hurdles Results". IAAF. 8 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
57. ^ Abrahamson, Alan (3 August 2021). "Abrahamson: Warholm, Benjamin deliver greatest 400m hurdle race in human history | NBC Olympics". nbcolympics.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
58. ^ IAAF World Championships in Athletics. GBR Athletics.
59. ^ "400 Metres Hurdles - men - senior - outdoor". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
60. ^ "400 Metres Hurdles - women - senior - outdoor". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 8 August 2024.

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