4197 Morpheus

Near-Earth asteroid

4197 MorpheusDiscovery [1]

Discovered by| E. F. Helin
E. Shoemaker
Discovery site| Palomar Obs.
Discovery date| 11 October 1982
Designations

MPC designation

| (4197) Morpheus
Pronunciation| /ˈmɔːrfiːəs/[2]

Named after

| Morpheus
(mythology and movie)[3]

Alternative designations

| 1982 TA

Minor planet category

| Apollo * NEO
Mars-crosser
Venus-crosser
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc| 61.98 yr (22,639 days)
Earliest precovery date| 3 September 1954
Aphelion| 4.0690 AU
Perihelion| 0.5246 AU

Semi-major axis

| 2.2968 AU
Eccentricity| 0.7716

Orbital period (sidereal)

| 3.48 yr (1,271 days)

Mean anomaly

| 339.88°

Mean motion

| 0° 16m 59.16s / day
Inclination| 12.577°

Longitude of ascending node

| 7.1844°

Argument of perihelion

| 122.40°
Earth MOID| 0.0987 AU * 38.5 LD
Physical characteristics

Mean diameter

| 1.8 km (dated)[1]
2.20 km (dated)[4]
2.98 km (taken)[5]
2.981 km[6]
3.043±0.156 km[7]

Synodic rotation period

| 3.5372 h[8]
3.5380 h[9]
3.5387 h[10]
3.540±0.001 h[11]
3.560 h[12]

Geometric albedo

| 0.2389[5][6]
0.276±0.077[7]
0.44[4]

Spectral type

| SMASS = Sq [1] * S [5]

Absolute magnitude (H)

| 14.6[1][7] * 14.8[4][5][6][11] * 14.88[9]

4197 Morpheus, provisional designation 1982 TA, is a highly eccentric asteroid and near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately 3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 11 October 1982, by American astronomers Eleanor Helin and Eugene Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was later named for Morpheus from Greek mythology.[3]

## Orbit and classification

[edit]

Morpheus orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.5–4.1 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,271 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.77 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] Due to this elongated orbit, the asteroid is both, a Mars-crosser and a Venus-crosser.

It has a minimum orbit intersection distance with Earth of 0.0987 AU (14,800,000 km), which corresponds to 38.5 lunar distances.[1]

A first precovery was taken at the discovering observatory in 1954, extending the body's observation arc by 28 years prior to its official discovery observation.[3]

## Physical characteristics

[edit]

On the SMASS taxonomic scheme, Morpheus is classified as a stony Sq sub-type, which transitions from the common S-type to the rather rare Q-type asteroids.[1]

### Diameter and albedo

[edit]

In the 1990s, Tom Gehrels gave a first diameter estimate for Morpheus of 1.8 kilometers.[1] According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), it measures 3.043 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.276.[7] In 2012, a revision of the published WISE-data by Petr Pravec gave a diameter of 2.981 kilometers and an albedo of 0.2389.[6] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the revised WISE-data and takes a diameter of 2.98 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.8.[5]

### Rotation and shape

[edit]

In 1996, a rotational lightcurve was obtained by Czech astronomer Petr Pravec at the Ondřejov Observatory during the body's close approach to Earth within 0.1 AU. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 3.5380 hours with a brightness variation of 0.49 magnitude (U=3).[9]

At the same time, astronomers at the Goldstone Observatory analysed Morpheus using radar delay-Doppler imaging. The resultant images are not very clear, but they show that the body has a roughly triangular shape, and a 3-hour rotation period.[citation needed]

Seven years later, during the asteroid's next close approach in 2003, Morpheus was observed for five nights by Slovak astronomer Adrián Galád at the Modra Observatory. Lightcurve analysis showed a concurring period of 3.5387 hours and an amplitude of 0.4 in magnitude (U=3).[10]

## Naming

[edit]

This minor planet was named after Morpheus from Greek mythology. He is a god of dreams who appears in the poem Metamorphoses written by the Roman poet Ovid. He is capable to imitate any human form and to appear in dreams.

The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 5 January 2015 (M.P.C. 91790).[13]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4197 Morpheus (1982 TA)" (2016-08-27 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
2. ^ "Morpheus". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020.
3. ^ a b c "4197 Morpheus (1982 TA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
4. ^ a b c Harris, Alan W. (February 1998). "A Thermal Model for Near-Earth Asteroids". Icarus. 131 (2): 291–301. Bibcode:1998Icar..131..291H. doi:10.1006/icar.1997.5865. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
5. ^ a b c d e "LCDB Data for (4197) Morpheus". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 25 May 2016.
6. ^ a b c d Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
7. ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
8. ^ Prokof'eva, V. V.; Gaftonyuk, N. M.; Tarashchuk, V. P. (September 2001). "Three Periods in Asteroid 4197 Brightness Variations". Solar System Research (5): 383–389. Bibcode:2001SoSyR..35..383P. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
9. ^ a b c Pravec, P.; S˘ arounová, L.; Wolf, M.; Ferrin, I. R. Vasquez; Zhu, J. (January 2000). "CCD photometry of asteroids (4197) 1982 TA and 1997 LY 4". Planetary and Space Science. 48 (1): 59–65. Bibcode:2000P&SS...48...59P. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00073-2. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
10. ^ a b Galád, A.; Kornos, L.; Gajdos, S.; Világi, J.; Tóth, J. (October 2004). "Relative photometry of numbered asteroids (3712), (4197), (5587), (28753) and (66063)". Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnaté Pleso: 157–166. Bibcode:2004CoSka..34..157G. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
11. ^ a b Wisniewski, W. Z.; Michalowski, T. M.; Harris, A. W.; McMillan, R. S. (March 1995). "Photoelectric Observations of 125 Asteroids". Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Bibcode:1995LPI....26.1511W. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
12. ^ Hoffmann, Martin; Rebhan, Helge; Neukum, Gerhard; Geyer, Edward H. (January 1993). "Photometric observations of four near-earth asteroids". Acta Astronomica: 61–67. Bibcode:1993AcA....43...61H. ISSN 0001-5237. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
13. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 25 May 2016.

## External links

[edit]

* Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info Archived 16 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine)
* Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
* Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* 4197 Morpheus at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
* Ephemerides * Observation prediction * Orbital info * MOID * Proper elements * Observational info * Close approaches * Physical info * Orbit animation
* 4197 Morpheus at ESA–space situational awareness
* Ephemerides * Observations * Orbit * Physical properties * Summary
* 4197 Morpheus at the JPL Small-Body Database
* Close approach * Discovery * Ephemeris * Orbit viewer * Orbit parameters * Physical parameters

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