914th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron

914th Air Refueling Squadron

Boeing KC-135 on takeoff using water injection to increase thrust

Active| 1940–1944; 1961–1964
Country|  United States
Branch|  United States Air Force
Role| Air Refueling
Decorations| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Insignia
14 Tow Target Sq emblem (approved 6 February 1944)[1]|

Military unit

The first predecessor of the 914th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron was organized in 1942 as the 8th Observation Squadron. It trained in the United States during World War II as a reconnaissance unit and then provided target support for antiaircraft units until being disbanded in 1944 during a general reorganization of Army Air Forces units in the United States. It was reactivated and deployed to the South West Pacific Theater of World War II and was inactivated in the Philippines in February 1946.

The 914th Air Refueling Squadron was activated by the United States Air Force in 1961 at Blytheville Air Force Base, Arkansas, where it was assigned to the 97th Bombardment Wing. The squadron flew Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft to support the Strategic Air Command. It was inactivated in 1964, when its mission, personnel and equipment were transferred to the 97th Air Refueling Squadron.

The two squadrons were consolidated in September 1985 but the consolidated squadron was not activated. In 2003 it was redesignated the 914th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron, converted to provisional status, and assigned to Air Mobility Command to activate or inactivate as needed.

## History[edit]

### World War II[edit]

O-47 as flown by the 8th Observation Squadron

The first predecessor of the squadron was activated as the 8th Observation Squadron at Pope Field, North Carolina in February 1942. Two months after activating, it moved to Langley Field, Virginia. Although the squadron was equipped with a variety of aircraft,[1] at Langley it flew primarily Martin B-10 and North American O-47 aircraft.[2] At Langley the unit began the target towing mission in addition to the artillery spotting mission of an observation squadron.[2] The squadron moved to Camp Davis Army Air Field, North Carolina a month later and by the end of the year was redesignated the 14th Tow Target Squadron.[1] While at Camp Davis the squadron was assigned several Women Airforce Service Pilots.[2]

B-25 as flown by 14 Tow Target Squadron

However, by 1944 the Army Air Forces found that standard military units, based on relatively inflexible tables of organization, were proving less well adapted to the training mission. Accordingly, it adopted a more functional system in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit,[3] while the groups and squadrons acting as training units were disbanded or inactivated.[4] This resulted in the 14th, along with other units at Camp Davis, being disbanded in the spring of 1944[1] and being replaced by an AAF Base Unit which absorbed the squadron's mission, personnel, and equipment.[note 1][5]

The squadron was reconstituted in the fall of 1944 at McChord Field, Washington and equipped with North American B-25 Mitchell bombers modified to serve as target tugs.[1] Its personnel moved to Camp Stoneman, California in November and shipped out to the Pacific Theater of Operations on 12 December.[6] It arrived on Biak, an island north of New Guinea, on 6 January 1945, then moved to Nadzab Airfield on the main island,[note 2] where it began towing targets for artillery and air-to-air gunnery training.[1] The squadron moved to Clark Field on Luzon in the Philippines, where it continued its mission until December 1945.[6] It was inactivated on 1 February 1946.[1]

### Cold War[edit]

The 914th Air Refueling Squadron was organized in October 1961 by Strategic Air Command (SAC) at Blytheville Air Force Base, Arkansas. The squadron was equipped with Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers and assigned to the 97th Bombardment Wing as part of SAC's plan to disperse its Boeing B-52 Stratofortress units to make it more difficult for the Soviet Union to destroy the entire fleet with a first strike.[7] The squadron's mission was to provide air refueling to the B-52s of its parent wing and other USAF units as directed. One-third of the squadron's aircraft were maintained on fifteen-minute alert, fully fueled and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike. This was increased to half the squadron's aircraft in 1962.[8] The squadron trained for this mission until inactivation.[9]

The 14th Tow Target Squadron was consolidated with the 914th Air Refueling Squadron in September 1985 but the consolidated squadron has not been active since.[10]

On 27 March 2003 the squadron was converted to provisional status as the 914th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron and assigned to Air Mobility Command to activate or inactivate as needed for contingency operations.[10]

## Lineage[edit]

14th Tow Target Squadron

* Constituted as the 8th Observation Squadron (Special) on 28 January 1942

Activated on 3 February 1942
Redesignated the 14th Tow Target Squadron on 12 December 1942
Disbanded on 10 April 1944
Reconstituted on 26 September 1944

* Activated on 6 October 1944

Inactivated on 1 February 1946[1]

* Consolidated with the 914th Air Refueling Squadron as the 914th Air Refueling Squadron on 19 September 1985[10]

914th Air Refueling Squadron

* Constituted as the 914th Air Refueling Squadron, Heavy on 17 May 1961 and activated (not organized)

Organized on 1 October 1961
Discontinued and inactivated on 23 October 1964

* Consolidated with the 14th Tow Target Squadron on 19 September 1985 (remained inactive)
* Redesignated 914th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron and converted to provisional status on 27 March 2003[10]

### Assignments[edit]

* Office of the Chief of Air Corps, 3 February 1942
* Third Air Force, 12 December 1942
* I Air Support Command (later I Tactical Air Division), 17 December 1942
* First Air Force, 4 November 1943 – 1 April 1944
* Fourth Air Force, 6 October 1944
* 360th Service Group, c. 9 January 1945
* XIII Bomber Command, c. November 1945
* Thirteenth Air Force, 27 December 1945 – 1 February 1946
* 97th Bombardment Wing, 1 October 1961 – 23 October 1964[10]

### Stations[edit]

* Pope Field, North Carolina, 3 February 1942
* Langley Field, Virginia, 4 April 1942
* Camp Davis Army Air Field, North Carolina, 8 May 1942 – 10 April 1944
* McChord Field, Washington, 6 October 1944 – 17 November 1944
* Nadzab Airfield, New Guinea (now West Papua), 9 January 1945
* Clark Field, Luzon, Philippines, c. 17 July 1945 – 1 February 1946
* Blytheville Air Force Base, Arkansas, 1 October 1961 – 23 October 1964[11]

### Aircraft[edit]

* Douglas A-20 and P-70 Havoc, 1945
* Douglas A-24 Banshee, 1942–1944
* Martin B-10, 1942–1944
* North American B-25 Mitchell, 1945
* Lockheed B-34 Lexington, 1942–1944
* Stinson L-1 Vigilant, 1942–1944
* Piper L-4 Grasshopper, 1942–1944
* North American O-47, 1942–1944
* O-52, 1942–1944
* Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, 1942–1944
* Boeing KC-135A Stratotanker, 1961–1964[10]

### Awards and Campaigns[edit]

Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes

|
|
|

| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 23 October 1962-22 November 1962 | 914th Air Refueling Squadron[12]
Campaign Streamer  | Campaign  | Dates  | Notes

|
|
|

| American Theater without inscription | 3 February 1942 – 1 April 1944
6 October 1944 – 17 November 1944 | 8th Observation Squadron
(later 14th Tow Target Squadron)[1]
| Asiatic-Pacific Theater without inscription | 9 January 1945 – 1 February 1946 | 14th Tow Target Squadron[1]

## See also[edit]

* List of United States Air Force reconnaissance squadrons
* List of United States Air Force air refueling squadrons
* List of A-20 Havoc operators

## References[edit]

### Notes[edit]

Explanatory Notes

1. ^ At the time of the AAF reorganization, Camp Davis AAF was a subbase of Bluethenthal Field. where the 130th AAF Base Unit was organized. "Abstract, History Bluethenthal Field. Apr 1944 – Aug 1945". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
2. ^ During World War II, this section of New Guinea was part of the Dutch East Indies.

Footnotes

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 80–81
2. ^ a b c "Abstract, History 14 Tow Target Squadron Activation-Oct 1943". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
3. ^ Goss, p. 75
4. ^ Maurer, Combat Units, p. 7
5. ^ "Abstract, History Bluethenthal Field, NC Apr 1942 – Feb 1945". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
6. ^ a b "Abstract, History 14 Tow Target Squadron Oct 1944 – Dec 1945". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
7. ^ "Abstract (Unclassified), Vol 1, History of Strategic Air Command, Jan–Jun 1957 (Secret)". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
8. ^ "Abstract (Unclassified), History of the Strategic Bomber since 1945 (Top Secret, downgraded to Secret)". Air Force History Index. 1 April 1975. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
9. ^ Ravenstein, pp. 136–138
10. ^ a b c d e f Robertson, Patsy (8 November 2011). "Factsheet 914 Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron (AMC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
11. ^ Mueller, p. 38
12. ^ AF Pamphlet 900-2, 15 June 1971, p. 477

### Bibliography[edit]

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

* Goss, William A (1955). "The Organization and its Responsibilities, Chapter 2 The AAF". In Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L (eds.). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. VI, Men & Planes. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. LCCN 48003657. OCLC 704158.
* Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
* Mueller, Robert (1989). Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6.
* Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
* "AF Pamphlet 900-2, Unit Decorations, Awards and Campaign Participation Credits" (PDF). Washington, DC: Department of the Air Force. 15 June 1971. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2016.

## Further reading[edit]

* Smith, Richard K. (1998). Seventy-Five Years of Inflight Refueling: Highlights, 1923–1998 (PDF). Air Force History and Museums Program. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Retrieved 13 August 2013.

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Strategic|

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|

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USAAF
Groups
*=Initial Assigned
Unit Upon SAC's
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|

Fighter|

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Reconnaissance|

* 91st Strategic Reconnaissance (1/47)

Major
weapon
systems|

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|

Command
& Control|

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Fighters|

* F-51
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Missiles|

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Reconnaissance|

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Tankers|

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Transport|

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Commanders|

* Kenney
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Emblems|

* Strategic Air Command Emblem Gallery

* v
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* e

USAAF Thirteenth Air Force in World War II

Airfields|

| Pacific|

* USAAF in the South Pacific
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|

Units|

| Commands|

* XIII Bomber
* XIII Fighter

|

Groups|

| Fighter|

* 18th Fighter
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|

Bomber|

* 5th Bombardment
* 11th Bombardment
* 42d Bombardment
* 307th Bombardment

Reconnaissance|

* 4th Reconnaissance

Troop Carrier|

* 403d Troop Carrier

| Squadrons|

| Bombardment|

* 100th Bombardment
* 868th Bombardment

|

Night Fighter|

* 418th Night Fighter
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* 550th Night Fighter

Reconnaissance|

* 4th Photographic Charting
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Troop Carrier|

* 13th Troop Carrier

* United States Army Air Forces

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* v
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USAAF Fourth Air Force in World War II

Units|

| Commands|

* IV Bomber Command
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|

Wings|

* 21st Bombardment
* Los Angeles Fighter
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Groups|

| Bombardment|

* 12th Bombardment
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|

Fighter|

* 1st Fighter
* 14th Fighter
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* 35th Fighter
* 51st Fighter
* 55th Fighter
* 78th Fighter
* 81st Fighter
* 82nd Fighter
* 328th Fighter
* 329th Fighter
* 339th Fighter
* 354th Fighter
* 360th Fighter
* 363rd Fighter
* 364th Fighter
* 369th Fighter
* 367th Fighter
* 372nd Fighter
* 412th Fighter
* 473rd Fighter
* 474th Fighter
* 478th Fighter
* 479th Fighter

Reconnaissance|

* 68th Reconnaissance
* 69th Reconnaissance

Troop Carrier|

* 64th Troop Carrier

* United States Army Air Forces

* First
* Second
* Third
* Fourth
* Fifth
* Sixth
* Seventh
* Eighth
* Ninth
* Tenth
* Eleventh
* Twelfth
* Thirteenth
* Fourteenth
* Fifteenth
* Twentieth

* v
* t
* e

USAAF First Air Force in World War II

Airfields|

* First Air Force Group Training Stations
* First Air Force Replacement Training Stations
* First Air Force Tactical Airfields
* Freeman Army Airfield
* Godman Army Airfield
* Selfridge Field

Units|

| Commands|

* I Bomber Command
* I Fighter Command
* I Ground Air Support Command

|

Wings|

* 25th Antisubmarine
* 50th Troop Carrier
* 52d Troop Carrier
* 53d Troop Carrier
* 60th Troop Carrier
* 61st Troop Carrier
* Boston Fighter
* New York Fighter
* Norfolk Fighter
* Philadelphia Fighter

Groups|

| Bombardment|

* 2d Bombardment
* 13th Bombardment
* 22d Bombardment
* 34th Bombardment
* 43d Bombardment
* 45th Bombardment
* 301st Bombardment
* 302d Bombardment
* 400th Bombardment
* 402d Bombardment
* 455th Bombardment
* 459th Bombardment
* 460th Bombardment
* 471st Bombardment

|

Combat Cargo|

* 1st Combat Cargo
* 2d Combat Cargo
* 4th Combat Cargo

Fighter|

* 8th Fighter
* 31st Fighter
* 33d Fighter
* 52d Fighter
* 56th Fighter
* 57th Fighter
* 58th Fighter
* 59th Fighter
* 79th Fighter
* 80th Fighter
* 83d Fighter
* 87th Fighter
* 324th Fighter
* 325th Fighter
* 326th Fighter
* 327th Fighter
* 332d Fighter
* 348th Fighter
* 352d Fighter
* 353d Fighter
* 355th Fighter
* 356th Fighter
* 358th Fighter
* 359th Fighter
* 361st Fighter
* 362d Fighter
* 365th Fighter
* 366th Fighter
* 368th Fighter
* 370th Fighter
* 371st Fighter
* 373d Fighter
* 402d Fighter
* 413th Fighter
* 476th Fighter

Reconnaissance|

* 26th Reconnaissance
* 73d Reconnaissance

Troop Carrier|

* 10th Troop Carrier
* 60th Troop Carrier
* 61st Troop Carrier
* 62d Troop Carrier
* 63d Troop Carrier
* 89th Troop Carrier
* 313th Troop Carrier
* 314th Troop Carrier
* 315th Troop Carrier
* 316th Troop Carrier
* 317th Troop Carrier
* 349th Troop Carrier
* 375th Troop Carrier
* 403d Troop Carrier
* 433d Troop Carrier
* 434th Troop Carrier
* 435th Troop Carrier
* 436th Troop Carrier
* 437th Troop Carrier
* 438th Troop Carrier
* 439th Troop Carrier
* 440th Troop Carrier
* 441st Troop Carrier
* 442d Troop Carrier

Other|

* 1st Search Attack
* 477th Composite

Incidents|

* Freeman Field Mutiny

* United States Army Air Forces

* First
* Second
* Third
* Fourth
* Fifth
* Sixth
* Seventh
* Eighth
* Ninth
* Tenth
* Eleventh
* Twelfth
* Thirteenth
* Fourteenth
* Fifteenth
* Twentieth

* v
* t
* e

United States Army Air Forces Third Air Force in World War II

Units|

| Commands|

* II Air Support Command
* III Air Support Command
* III Bomber Command
* III Fighter Command
* III Reconnaissance Command
* III Tactical Air Command

|

Divisions|

* III Tactical Air Division

Wings|

* 8th Fighter Wing
* 9th Fighter Wing
* 40th Bombardment Wing

Groups|

| Air Commando|

* 2nd Air Commando
* 3rd Air Commando

|

Bombardment|

* 3rd Bombardment
* 12th Bombardment
* 17th Bombardment
* 21st Bombardment
* 29th Bombardment
* 30th Bombardment Group
* 38th Bombardment
* 44th Bombardment
* 46th Bombardment
* 47th Bombardment
* 85th Bombardment
* 88th Bombardment
* 90th Bombardment
* 91st Bombardment
* 92nd Bombardment
* 93rd Bombardment
* 94th Bombardment
* 95th Bombardment
* 97th Bombardment
* 98th Bombardment
* 99th Bombardment
* 100th Bombardment
* 309th Bombardment
* 310th Bombardment
* 312th Bombardment
* 319th Bombardment
* 320th Bombardment
* 321st Bombardment
* 322d Bombardment
* 323d Bombardment
* 335th Bombardment
* 336th Bombardment
* 340th Bombardment
* 344th Bombardment
* 345th Bombardment
* 386th Bombardment
* 387th Bombardment
* 391st Bombardment
* 394th Bombardment
* 396th Bombardment
* 397th Bombardment
* 409th Bombardment
* 410th Bombardment
* 411th Bombardment
* 416th Bombardment
* 417th Bombardment
* 418th Bombardment
* 451st Bombardment
* 454th Bombardment
* 463rd Bombardment
* 483rd Bombardment
* 488th Bombardment

Fighter|

* 20th Fighter
* 31st Fighter
* 49th Fighter
* 50th Fighter
* 53rd Fighter
* 54th Fighter
* 56th Fighter
* 59th Fighter
* 79th Fighter
* 80th Fighter
* 81st Fighter
* 84th Fighter
* 85th Fighter
* 311th Fighter
* 332nd Fighter
* 337th Fighter
* 338th Fighter
* 339th Fighter
* 361st Fighter
* 369th Fighter
* 372nd Fighter
* 404th Fighter
* 405th Fighter
* 408th Fighter
* 414th Fighter
* 506th Fighter

Fighter-Bomber|

* 27th Fighter-Bomber
* 48th Fighter-Bomber
* 86th Fighter-Bomber
* 406th Fighter-Bomber
* 407th Fighter-Bomber

Reconnaissance|

* 2d Reconnaissance
* 9th Reconnaissance
* 10th Reconnaissance
* 26th Reconnaissance
* 65th Reconnaissance
* 67th Reconnaissance
* 68th Reconnaissance
* 69th Reconnaissance
* 70th Reconnaissance
* 75th Reconnaissance
* 77th Reconnaissance
* 423d Reconnaissance
* 424th Reconnaissance
* 426th Reconnaissance

* United States Army Air Forces

* First
* Second
* Third
* Fourth
* Fifth
* Sixth
* Seventh
* Eighth
* Ninth
* Tenth
* Eleventh
* Twelfth
* Thirteenth
* Fourteenth
* Fifteenth
* Twentieth

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