AVE

High-speed rail service in Spain

This article is about the high-speed rail service. For the Roman salutation, see Ave. For other uses, see AVE (disambiguation).

AVE

Main station(s)| Madrid Atocha, Barcelona Sants, Seville-Santa Justa, Zaragoza–Delicias
Other station(s)| Madrid Chamartín, Valencia-Joaquín Sorolla, Málaga-María Zambrano, Granada, Alicante Terminal, Valladolid-Campo Grande, A Coruña-San Cristóbal, Santiago de Compostela railway station, Ourense, Córdoba
Fleet size| 22 S-100[1]
16 S-102[2]
26 S-103[3]
20 S-106[4]
25 S-112[5]
Stations called at| 52
Parent company| Renfe
Technical
Track gauge| Standard (1435 mm)
Electrification| 25 kV AC (some sections on 3 kV DC network)
Length| 3,966 km (2,464 mi)[6]
Other
Website| https://www.renfe.com

Alta Velocidad Española (AVE)[a] is a high-speed rail service operated by Renfe, the Spanish State railway company.

The first AVE service was inaugurated in 1992, with the introduction of the first Spanish high-speed railway connecting the cities of Madrid, Córdoba and Seville.

In addition to Renfe's use of the Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias-managed rail infrastructure in Spain, Renfe offers two AVE services partially in France, connecting respectively Barcelona-Lyon and Madrid-Marseille.[7]

Alta Velocidad Española translates to "Spanish High Speed", but the initials are also a play on the word ave, meaning "bird". AVE trains operate at speeds of up to 300 km/h (186 mph).[8][9]

## Services

[edit]

As of 2024[update] Renfe offers the following AVE services:[10]

* Alicante–León via Albacete, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín, Valladolid and Palencia.
* Alicante–Ourense via Albacete, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín and Zamora.
* Barcelona–Granada via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba and Antequera.
* Barcelona–Málaga via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera.
* Barcelona–Seville via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Puertollano and Córdoba (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
* Burgos–Murcia via Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Elche and Orihuela.
* Gijón–Castellón via Oviedo, Mieres Del Camín, La Pola, León, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Cuenca, Valencia and Sagunto.
* Gijón–Vinaros, via Oviedo, Mieres Del Camín, La Pola, León, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Cuenca, Valencia, Sagunto, Castellón, Benicàssim, Oropesa del Mar and Benicarló (only in summertime).
* Huesca–Seville via Tardienta, Zaragoza, Calatayud, Guadalajara, Madrid-Puerta de Atocha and Córdoba
* Madrid–A Coruña via Zamora, Ourense and Santiago De Compostela.
* Madrid–Alicante via Cuenca, Albacete, and Villena (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
* Madrid–Barcelona via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, Lleida, and Tarragona (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
* Madrid–Castellón via Cuenca, Requena-Utiel and Valencia.
* Madrid–Figueres via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, Lleida, Tarragona, Barcelona and Girona (trains are scheduled with selective stops).
* Madrid–Gijón via Valladolid, Palencia, León and Oviedo.
* Madrid–Granada via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, Antequera and Loja (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
* Madrid–Huesca via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, and Tardienta.
* Madrid–León via Segovia, Valladolid and Palencia.
* Madrid–Málaga via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
* Madrid–Murcia via Elche and Orihuela (some trains are arriving to Alicante and then reversing towards Murcia).
* Madrid–Ourense via Zamora.
* Madrid–Seville via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
* Madrid–Valencia via Cuenca and Requena-Utiel (non stop trains are also scheduled).
* Madrid–Vigo via Zamora, Sanabria, A Gudiña, Ourense, Santiago De Compostela and Pontevedra.
* Valencia–Burgos via Requena-Utiel, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín and Valladolid (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
* Valencia–León via via Requena-Utiel, Cuenca, Madrid-Chamartín, Segovia, Valladolid and Palencia (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
* Valencia–Seville via Cuenca, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba.

* International:[11]
* Barcelona–Lyon via Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Montpellier, Nîmes, and Valence.
* Madrid–Marseille via Guadalajara, Zaragoza, Tarragona, Barcelona, Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Béziers, Montpellier, Nîmes, Avignon and Aix-en-Provence.

The central hub of the AVE system is Madrid's Puerta de Atocha, except for the Madrid–Asturias, Madrid–Burgos, Madrid–Galicia, Madrid–Alicante and Madrid-Murcia lines, that terminate at Chamartín station.[12][13]

## Trains

[edit]

Currently, there are several series of high-speed trains that run the AVE service:

* S-100, manufactured by Alstom
* S-102, manufactured by Talgo and Bombardier
* S-103, manufactured by Siemens, marketed globally under the brand Siemens Velaro
* S-106, manufactured by Talgo, marketed globally as Talgo AVRIL.
* S-112, manufactured by Talgo and Bombardier

* A Talgo 350 train (Renfe Class 102) at Madrid Atocha station.

* AVE train Talgo 350 (Renfe Class 102)

* Talgo 350 train (Renfe Class 102) at Lleida Pirineus station

* AVE "Alstom" (Renfe Class 100) trainset at Córdoba.

* A RENFE AVE S-103 (Siemens Velaro E) at Figueres Vilafant railway station in 2013.

* AVE Talgo Avril train (Renfe Class 106).

## Passenger usage

[edit]

The still-growing network transported a record 21.3 million passengers in 2018.[14] Though the network length is extensive, it lags in ridership behind comparable high-speed rail systems in Japan, France, Germany, China, Taiwan, and Korea.

AVE passengers in millions from 2006 to 2023[15][16]

2000s

|  |  |  |  |  |  | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

|  |  |  |  |  | 4.878 | 5.559 | 11.461 | 11.250

2010s

| 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019
10.851 | 12.563 | 12.101 | 14.697 | 17.967 | 19.428 | 20.352 | 21.108 | 21.332 | 22.370

2020s

| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029
7.603 | 12,282 | 23,562 | 31,784 |  |  |  |  |  |

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

|

### Rail infrastructure in Spain and Europe

[edit]

* Rail transport in Spain
* High-speed rail in Spain
* High-speed rail in Europe
* Train categories in Europe

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Spanish pronunciation:

[ˈalta βeloθiˈðað espaˈɲola], [ˈaβe]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "S-100". Renfe. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
2. ^ "S-102/112". Renfe. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
3. ^ "S-103". Renfe. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
4. ^ "Renfe pone en circulación los S-106 con un incremento de 14.400 plazas para los servicios Avlo que circulan entre Madrid, Aragón, Cataluña, Comunitat Valenciana y Murcia" (in Spanish). Renfe. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
5. ^ "Flota de trenes". Renfe. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
6. ^ "Red de Alta Velocidad". ADIF. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
7. ^ "Renfe empieza a operar en Francia con un AVE entre Barcelona y Lyon". rtve.es. 13 July 2023.
8. ^ "Madrid — Barcelona at 310 km/h with ETCS Level 2". Railway Gazette International. London. 18 October 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
9. ^ "Velocidades máximas de los trenes y de las líneas" (maximum speeds of the trains and of the lines), last updated on 10 December 2022, accessed on 7 May 2023.
10. ^ "Renfe". Renfe. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
11. ^ "Renfe places AVE (high-speed) tickets on sale in France". Renfe. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
12. ^ "Renfe reorganiza la oferta de los servicios AVE Madrid-Alicante tras el traslado de la cabecera de Puerta de Atocha a Chamartín Clara Campoamor" (in Spanish). Renfe. 19 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
13. ^ "El AVE Madrid-Murcia comenzará el servicio comercial el próximo 20 de diciembre". Renfe. 12 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
14. ^ "El AVE suma su sexto récord anual al cerrar 2018 con 21,3 millones de viajeros, un 3,7%". Europa Press (in Spanish). 8 February 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
15. ^ Railway Gazette International, https://www.railwaygazette.com/in-depth/high-speed-open-access-comes-to-spain/56641.article
16. ^ "Spain: high-speed rail passenger traffic 2022". Statista. Retrieved 2023-12-24.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alta Velocidad Española.

* AVE (Renfe)

Articles related to AVE (Alta Velocidad Española)

* v
* t
* e

High-speed rail in Spain

Lines in service|

* Atlantic Axis
* Antequera–Granada
* Madrid–Barcelona–Figueres
* Madrid-Galicia
* Madrid–Castellón/Alicante
* Madrid–Asturias
* Madrid–Málaga
* Madrid–Seville
* Madrid–Toledo
* Barcelona–Perpignan
* Seville–Cádiz [es]

Lines under construction|

* Basque Y
* Madrid – Basque Country [es]
* Mediterranean Corridor
* Andalusian transverse axis [es]
* Madrid–Extremadura
* Lisbon–Madrid
* León – Asturias [es]
* Madrid – Jaén [es]

Planned lines|

* Porto–Vigo
* Two seas corridor [es]
* Central-Pyrenees corridor [es]

Rolling stock|

* 100
* 102
* 103
* 106
* 112
* 114
* /120 / 121
* 130
* 353
* 354
* 490

Services|

| Renfe|

* AVE
* Avant
* Alvia
* Altaria
* Alaris
* Arco
* Avlo

|

* Ouigo España
* Iryo

* v
* t
* e

Rail transport in Spain

Operators|

| Passenger|

* Renfe
* AVE
* Avant
* Alvia
* Feve
* Media Distancia [es]
* Ouigo
* Iryo

|

Regional|

* Euskotren Trena
* Ferrocarril de Sóller
* Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
* Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana
* Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca

Freight|

* Acciona
* Continental Rail
* COMSA Rail Transport
* Logitren Ferroviaria
* Low Cost Rail
* Tracción Rail

Commuter rail|

* Asturias
* Catalonia (Barcelona, Camp de Tarragona and Girona)
* Bilbao
* Cádiz
* Madrid
* Málaga
* Murcia/Alicante
* Santander
* San Sebastián
* Seville
* Valencia
* Zaragoza

Metro|

* Barcelona
* Bilbao
* Madrid
* Málaga
* Palma
* San Sebastián
* Seville
* Valencia

Light rail/Tram-train|

* Alicante
* Cádiz
* Granada
* Madrid

Tram|

| Active|

* Barcelona
* Trambaix
* Trambesòs
* Bilbao
* Murcia
* Parla
* Seville
* Tenerife
* Valencia
* Vitoria-Gasteiz
* Zaragoza

|

Heritage|

* Sóller
* Barcelona
* Tramvia Blau

Defunct|

* Jaén
* Vélez-Málaga

Proposed/planned|

* Bages Tram-train
* Barcelona Metro
* Barcelona Metro Diagonal line
* Barcelona Metro line 13
* Barcelona Metro line VI
* Barcelona Metro line 9
* High-speed lines
* Madrid–Galicia
* Basque Y
* Madrid–Levant
* Orbital Railway Line
* TramVallès
* Tren de Gran Canaria

* v
* t
* e

High-speed rail

Part of rail transport

Technologies|

* Conventional
* Hovertrain
* Hyperloop/Vactrain
* Maglev

High-speed trains|

| 350 km/h
(217 mph)
or more|

* China Railway CR400AF, CR400BF
* Transrapid
* Shinkansen Series L0

|

300–349 km/h
(186–217 mph)|

* Renfe Class 100, 101, 102, 103
* Alstom AGV
* China Railway Hexie CRH2C, 3C, 380A / MTR CRH380A, 380B, 380C, 380D
* ETR 500
* ETR 400
* Eurostar e300; e320
* ICE 3
* KTX-I, II (Sancheon), KTX-Cheongryong
* Oaris
* Shinkansen Series 500, N700, N700S, E5/H5, E6, E8
* AVRIL
* TGV Sud-Est (refurbished), Atlantique, Réseau, Duplex, POS, 2N2, M (Avelia Horizon)
* TCDD HT80000
* Thalys PBA, PBKA
* THSR 700T
* Siemens Velaro

250–299 km/h
(155–186 mph)|

* Avelia Liberty
* China Star, DJF2, China Railway Hexie CRH1A, 1B, 1E, 2A, 2B, 2E, 2G, 3A, 5A, 5E, 5G, China Railway Fuxing CR300AF, CR300BF
* ICE 1, 2, 4 (ICx)
* KTX-Eum
* New Pendolino
* Renfe Class 120, 121, 130
* Sapsan
* SBB RABe 501, RABe 503
* Shinkansen Series 200, 300, 700, 800, E2, E3, E7/W7
* TCDD HT65000
* TGV Sud-Est (original), La Poste
* V250

200–249 km/h
(124–155 mph)|

* Acela
* ACS-64
* Adelante
* APT
* China Railway DJJ1, China Railway Hexie CRH6, China Railway Fuxing CR200J
* ER200
* HHP-8
* IC4
* ICNG
* InterCity 125, 225
* ICE T, TD, ICE L
* Javelin
* NSB Class 71 (Flytoget)
* NSB Class 73
* NSB Class 74
* Pendolino
* Railjet
* Regina
* Shinkansen series 0, 100, 400, E1, E4
* SBB RABDe 500
* Re 460
* SC-44
* SCB-40
* X 2000, SJ X40
* Z-TER (Z 21500)
* Sokol
* British Rail Classes 800, 801, 802, 803, 805, 807, 810
* Talgo XXI
* Voyager/Meridian
* X3

Experimental and prototype high-speed trains (category)

High-speed railway line|

* List of high-speed railway lines

By countries and territories

planned networks in italics|

| Africa|

* Morocco
* Egypt

|

Americas|

* Argentina
* Brazil
* Canada
* Mexico
* United States

Asia|

* China
* Hong Kong
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Japan
* Kazakhstan
* South Korea
* Saudi Arabia
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam

Europe|

* Austria
* Belgium
* Croatia
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Italy
* Latvia
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Russia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* United Kingdom

Oceania|

* Australia

* Proposed high-speed rail by country

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