A Nightmare on Elm Street

1984 American slasher film by Wes Craven

This article is about the 1984 film. For the franchise, see A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise). For other uses, see A Nightmare on Elm Street (disambiguation).

A Nightmare on Elm Street

Theatrical release poster

Directed by| Wes Craven
Written by| Wes Craven
Produced by| Robert Shaye
Starring|

* John Saxon
* Ronee Blakley
* Heather Langenkamp
* Amanda Wyss
* Nick Corri
* Johnny Depp
* Robert Englund

Cinematography| Jacques Haitkin
Edited by|

* Patrick McMahon
* Rick Shaine

Music by| Charles Bernstein

Production
companies

* New Line Cinema
* Media Home Entertainment
* Smart Egg Pictures[1]

Distributed by| New Line Cinema

Release date

* November 9, 1984 (1984-11-09) (United States)

Running time

| 91 minutes[2]
Country| United States
Language| English
Budget| $1.1 million[3]
Box office| $57 million[4][5]

A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 1984 American supernatural slasher film written and directed by Wes Craven and produced by Robert Shaye. It is the first installment in the A Nightmare on Elm Street franchise and stars Heather Langenkamp, John Saxon, Ronee Blakley, Robert Englund as Freddy Krueger,[6][7] and Johnny Depp in his film debut. The film's plot concerns a group of teenagers who are targeted by Krueger, an undead child killer who can murder people through their dreams, as retribution against their parents who burned him alive.[8]

Craven filmed A Nightmare on Elm Street on an estimated budget of $1.1 million.[3] The film was released on November 9, 1984, in limited theaters until its nationwide theatrical release on November 16, 1984, and grossed $57 million worldwide.[4][5] The film received critical acclaim upon its release, and has since been considered to be one of the greatest horror films ever made. The film spawned a franchise consisting of six sequels, a television series, a crossover with Friday the 13th, various other merchandise, and a remake of the same name.[9][10] Along with Stunts, Polyester, and Alone in the Dark, it was one of the first films produced by New Line Cinema, who by that point mostly distributed films, leading the company to become a successful mini-major film studio[11] and earning it the nickname "The House that Freddy Built".

The film is credited with carrying on many tropes found in low-budget horror films of the 1970s and 1980s, originating in John Carpenter's 1978 horror film Halloween, including the morality play that revolves around sexual promiscuity in teenagers resulting in their eventual death, leading to the term "slasher film".[10][12] Critics and film historians state that the film's premise is the struggle to define the distinction between dreams and reality, manifested by the lives and dreams of the teens in the film.[13] Later critics praise the film's ability to transgress "the boundaries between the imaginary and real",[14] toying with audience perceptions.[15] The film was followed by A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge (1985).

In 2021, A Nightmare on Elm Street was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[16]

## Plot

[edit]

Teenager Tina Gray awakens from a terrifying nightmare in which a disfigured man wearing a bladed glove attacks her in a boiler room. Her mother points out the mysterious slashes on her nightgown. Tina's best friend Nancy Thompson and Nancy's boyfriend, Glen Lantz, reveal that they each also had a nightmare, also about the disfigured man. During the girls' sleepover at Tina's house, Tina's boyfriend, Rod Lane, arrives and they have intercourse. When Tina falls asleep, she dreams of the disfigured man who attacks her; in real life, Rod sees her fatally slashed by an unseen force, forcing him to flee as Nancy and Glen find Tina bloodied and dead.

Nancy's policeman father, Don Thompson, arrests Rod despite his pleas of innocence. At school, Nancy falls asleep in class and dreams that the man chases her to the boiler room. She deliberately burns her arm on a pipe, which startles her awake in class, and she notices a burn mark on her arm. Nancy visits Rod at the police station, where he describes Tina's death along with his own recent nightmares about the same man.

At home, Nancy falls asleep in the bathtub and is nearly drowned by the man. She then relies on caffeine to stay awake and invites Glen to watch over her as she sleeps. In her dream, she sees the man preparing to kill Rod in his cell, but he turns his attention toward her. Nancy wakes up when her alarm clock goes off. The man kills Rod, staging it as a suicide. At his funeral, Nancy's parents become worried when she describes her dreams. Her mother, Marge, takes her to a sleep disorder clinic where, in a dream, Nancy grabs the man's fedora with the name "Fred Krueger" written in it, and pulls it into the real world.

After barricading the house, Marge explains that Krueger was an insane child murderer who killed 20 children but was released on a technicality. He was then burned alive by the victims' parents who lived on their street, seeking vigilante justice. Krueger, now a vengeful ghost, is killing her and her friends out of revenge and to satiate his psychopathic needs.

Glen falls asleep and is killed by Krueger. Now alone, Nancy asks her father, who is across the street investigating Glen's death, to break into the house in 20 minutes. She rigs booby traps around the house and grabs Krueger out of her dream and into the real world. The booby traps allow her to light him on fire and lock him in the basement.

The police arrive to find that Krueger has escaped from the basement. Nancy and Don find a burning Krueger smothering Marge in her bedroom. After Don extinguishes the fire, Krueger and Marge vanish into the bed before Krueger rises behind Nancy. Realizing that Krueger is fueled by his victims' fear, she calmly turns her back to him and Krueger evaporates.

Nancy steps outside into a foggy morning where all her friends and her mother are still alive. She gets into Glen's convertible to go to school when the top suddenly comes down (coloured in green and red stripes) and locks them in as the car speeds down the street, while Marge waves them goodbye on the doorstep. Three girls in white dresses playing jump rope chant Krueger's nursery rhyme as Marge is grabbed by Krueger through the front door window.

## Cast

[edit]

Main articles: List of cast members of the A Nightmare on Elm Street film series and List of A Nightmare on Elm Street characters

The cast of A Nightmare on Elm Street included veteran actors such as Robert Englund and John Saxon and aspiring young actors like Johnny Depp and Heather Langenkamp.

* Heather Langenkamp as Nancy Thompson
* Robert Englund as Fred "Freddy" Krueger[N 1]
* Johnny Depp as Glen Lantz
* Ronee Blakley as Marge Thompson
* John Saxon as Lt. Donald "Don" Thompson
* Amanda Wyss as Christina "Tina" Gray
* Nick Corri as Rod Lane
* Leslie Hoffman as Hall Guard
* Joseph Whipp as Sgt. Parker
* Charles Fleischer as Dr. King
* Lin Shaye as Teacher
* Mimi Craven as Nurse
* Jack Shea as Minister
* Ed Call as Mr. Lantz
* Sandy Lipton as Mrs. Lantz
* David Andrews as Foreman
* Jeff Levine as Coroner
* Donna Woodrum as Mrs. Gray
* Paul Grenier as Mrs. Gray's boyfriend
* Ash Adams and Don Hannah as Surfers
* Shashawnee Hall, Brian Reise and Carol Pritikin as Cops
* Kathi Gibbs, John Richard Peterson, Chris Tashima and Antonia Yannouli as Kids (uncredited)

Robert Shaye has two uncredited roles as broadcasters for local television news and KRGR Radio station.

Make-up artist David B. Miller designed Krueger's disfigured face based on photographs of burn victims obtained from the UCLA Medical Center.[18][19]

## Production

[edit]

### Development

[edit]

A Nightmare on Elm Street contains many biographical elements from director Wes Craven's childhood.[20] The film was inspired by several newspaper articles printed in the Los Angeles Times in the 1970s about Hmong refugees, who, after fleeing to the United States because of war and genocide in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, suffered disturbing nightmares and refused to sleep. Some of the men died in their sleep soon after. Medical authorities called the phenomenon Asian Death Syndrome. The condition afflicted men between the ages of 19 and 57 and was believed to be sudden unexplained death syndrome or Brugada syndrome or both.[21] Craven stated, "It was a series of articles in the LA Times; three small articles about men from South East Asia, who were from immigrant families and had died in the middle of nightmares—and the paper never correlated them, never said, 'Hey, we've had another story like this."[22] The 1970s pop song "Dream Weaver" by Gary Wright sealed the story for Craven, giving him not only an artistic setting to jump off from, but a synthesizer riff for the movie soundtrack.[23] Craven has also stated that he drew some inspiration for the film from Eastern religions.[24]

Other sources attribute the inspiration for the film to be a 1968 student film project made by Craven's students at Clarkson University. The student film parodied contemporary horror films, and was filmed along Elm Street in Potsdam, New York.[25][26]

The film's villain, Freddy Krueger, is drawn from Craven's early life. One night, a young Craven saw an elderly man walking on the sidepath outside the window of his home. The man stopped to glance at a startled Craven and walked off. This served as the inspiration for Krueger.[20] Initially, Fred Krueger was intended to be a child molester, but Craven eventually characterized him as a child murderer to avoid being accused of exploiting a spate of highly publicized child molestation cases that occurred in California around the time of the film's production.[18] On Freddy's nature, Craven states that "in a sense, Freddy stands for the worst of parenthood and adulthood – the dirty old man, the nasty father and the adult who wants children to die rather than help them prosper. He's the boogey man and the worst fear of children – the adult that's out to get them. He's a very primal figure, sort of like Kronos devouring his children – that evil, twisted, perverted father figure that wants to destroy and is able to get them at their most vulnerable moment, which is when they're asleep!".[27]

By Craven's account, his own adolescent experiences led him to the name Freddy Krueger; he had been bullied at school by a child named Fred Krueger.[18] Craven had done the same thing in his film The Last House on the Left (1972), where the villain's name was shortened to Krug. Craven chose to make Krueger's sweater red and green after reading an article in a 1982 Scientific American that said these two colors were the most clashing colors to the human retina.[22]

Craven strove to make Krueger different from other horror film villains of the era. In 2014, he recalled, "A lot of the killers were wearing masks: Leatherface, Michael Myers, Jason. I wanted my villain to have a mask, but be able to talk and taunt and threaten. So I thought of him being burned and scarred." He also said the killer should use something other than a knife because it was too common. "So I thought, 'How about a glove with steak knives?' I gave the idea to our special effects guy, Jim Doyle." Ultimately two models of the glove were built: the hero glove that was only used whenever anything needed to be cut, and the stunt glove that was less likely to cause injury.[3] For a time, Craven had considered a sickle as the weapon of choice for the killer, but around the third or fourth drafts of the script, the iconic glove had become his final choice.[27]

### Writing

[edit]

Wes Craven began writing the screenplay for A Nightmare on Elm Street around 1981, after he had finished production on Swamp Thing (1982). He pitched it to several studios, but each one of them rejected it for different reasons. The first studio to show interest was Walt Disney Productions, although they wanted Craven to tone down the content to make it suitable for children and preteens as a family-friendly PG-13 film;[28] however, Craven declined.[18][22] Another studio Craven pitched to was Paramount Pictures, which passed on the project due to its similarity to Dreamscape (1984). Universal Studios also passed; Craven, who was in desperate personal and financial straits during this period, later framed the company's rejection letter on the wall of his office,[3] which reads in its December 14, 1982 print: "We have reviewed the script you have submitted, A Nightmare on Elm Street. Unfortunately, the script did not receive an enthusiastic enough response from us to go forward at this time. However, when you have a finished print, please get in touch and we would be delighted to screen it for a possible negative pick up."[29]

Finally, the fledgling and independent New Line Cinema corporation, which had up to that point only distributed films, agreed to produce the film.[18] During filming, New Line's distribution deal for the film fell through and for two weeks it was unable to pay its cast and crew. Although New Line has gone on to make bigger and more profitable films, A Nightmare on Elm Street was its first commercial success and the studio is often referred to as "The House That Freddy Built".[30][31]

New Line Cinema lacked the financial resources for the production themselves and so had to turn to external financiers. They found two investors in England who each contributed 40% and 30% respectively to the necessary funds; one of the producers of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre contributed 10%, and home video distributor Media Home Entertainment contributed 20% of the original budget. Four weeks before production began, the English investor who had contributed 40% backed out, but Media Home Entertainment added in another 40% to the budget. Among the backers were also Heron Communications and Smart Egg Pictures.[30] According to producer Robert Shaye, all the film's original investors backed out at one point or another during pre-production. The original budget was $700,000. "It ended up at $1.1 million ... half the funding came from a Yugoslavian guy[N 2] who had a girlfriend he wanted in movies."[3]

### Casting

[edit]

#### Freddy

[edit]

"I looked at hundreds of guys and a lot of old men. I wanted somebody that was very agile. I learned from making films like The Hills Have Eyes that it wasn't the bigness of the villain that paid off, it was the evil he was able to transmit as an actor. I wanted somebody who was an actor rather than a stuntman, somebody who could convey a sense of evil and who was very enthusiastic about getting to an evil state. You really have to get malicious and malevolent and a lot of actors just don't want to get there; their heart isn't in it. You have to find somebody who is comfortable with that idea and isn't threatened by it; he knows it isn't him, but can go there. Robert Englund filled the bill after we found him quite late in the casting. His delight with it is that he had been playing nebishes and good guys and was looking forward to playing somebody older and evil."

— Wes Craven on the casting of Robert Englund[27]

Actor David Warner was originally cast to play Freddy.[32][33] Make-up tests were done,[34][35] but he had to drop out due to scheduling conflicts.[36] Replacing him was difficult at first. Kane Hodder, who would later be best known for playing fellow slasher icon Jason Voorhees, was among those who Wes Craven talked with about the role of Freddy. According to Hodder, "I had a meeting with Wes Craven about playing a character he was developing called Freddy Krueger. At the time, Wes wasn't sure what kind of person he wanted for the role of Freddy, so I had as good a shot as anybody else. He was initially thinking of a big guy for the part, and he was also thinking of somebody who had real burn scars. But obviously, he changed his whole line of thinking and went with Robert Englund, who's smaller. I would have loved to play the part, but I do think Wes made the right choice". Hodder would in a way eventually play Freddy, as the hand that grabs Jason's mask at the epilogue in Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday (1993).[37][38] Wes Craven explains that:

> "I couldn't find an actor to play Freddy Krueger with the sense of ferocity I was seeking", Craven recalled on the film's 30th anniversary. "Everyone was too quiet, too compassionate towards children. Then Robert Englund auditioned. [He] wasn't as tall I'd hoped, and he had baby fat on his face, but he impressed me with his willingness to go to the dark places in his mind. Robert understood Freddy."[3]

Englund has stated that Craven was indeed in search of a "big, giant man" originally, but casting director Annette Benson had talked Craven into seeing him about the role after Englund had auditioned for National Lampoon's Class Reunion (1982) previously.[27] Before Englund's agent at the time, Joe Rice, sent him to the casting office, Rice's friend Rhet Topham recommended Englund to act "rat-like", "weasel-like", adding that "When we read about abusers and molesters in the newspaper, they're not big, hulking men, but weasels. I thought he should go in and play it like that. And it worked!".[39] Englund had darkened his lower eyelids with cigarette ash on his way to the audition and slicked his hair back. "I looked strange. I sat there and listened to Wes talk. He was tall and preppy and erudite. I posed a bit, like Klaus Kinski, and that was the audition," he said later. He took the part because it was the only project that fit his schedule during the hiatus between the V miniseries and series.[3]

#### Nancy

[edit]

Craven said he wanted someone very non-Hollywood for the role of Nancy, and he believed Langenkamp met this quality.[20] Langenkamp, who had appeared in several commercials and a TV film, had taken time off from her studies at Stanford to continue acting. Eventually she landed the role of Nancy Thompson after an open audition, beating out more than 200 actresses.[3] Langenkamp was already known to Anette Benson as she had auditioned for Night of the Comet and The Last Starfighter previously, losing out to Catherine Mary Stewart at both occasions. Demi Moore, Courteney Cox, Tracey Gold, and Jennifer Grey have all been rumoured to have auditioned for A Nightmare on Elm Street, but Benson definitely ruled out Moore and Cox while also being unsure of Gold and Grey.[40] Langenkamp returned as Nancy in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors (1987), and also played a fictionalized version of herself in Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1994).[41][42]

There were no separate auditions for the characters of Tina and Nancy; all actresses who auditioned for one of the two female roles read for the role of Nancy, and upon potentially being called back, were mixed with other actresses trying to find a pair that had chemistry. Amanda Wyss was among those switched to Tina after a callback. Wes Craven decided immediately upon mixing Wyss and Langenkamp that this was the duo he wanted. Craven then mixed the duo with auditioners for the male teenage roles trying to find actors who had chemistry with Wyss and/or Langenkamp.[43][44]

#### Glen

[edit]

Johnny Depp was another unknown when he was cast, initially accompanying his friend (Jackie Earle Haley who went on to play Freddy in the 2010 remake) to an audition. According to Depp, the role of Glen was originally written as a "big, blond, beach-jock, football-player guy", far from his own appearance,[45] but Wes Craven's daughters picked Depp's headshot from the set he showed them.[3] Depp got his own nod in a cameo role in Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare as a man on TV and later in the Freddy vs. Jason intro, in clips from earlier films.[46][47] Charlie Sheen was considered for the role but allegedly wanted too much money.[3] Anette Benson states that they did in fact offer the part to Sheen but he passed on it due to his agent demanding twice the weekly wage of $1,142 for Sheen, which New Line Cinema did not consider themselves to have the budget for. Sheen himself objects to the sentiment that he turned down the role for the reason of money, saying:

> I didn't price myself out of it because I didn't get greedy until years later. That came much later. I just didn't get it, and I've never been more wrong about interpreting a script ... I just didn't get it completely, but I still took a meeting with Wes. And when I met him, I said, "Look, with all due respect, and as a fan of your talents, I just don't see this guy wearing a funny hat with a rotted face and a striped sweater and a bunch of clacky fingers. I just don't see this catching on."

Mark Patton, who would later be cast as Jesse Walsh in the sequel, auditioned for the role of Glen Lantz and claimed that the auditioners had been winnowed down to him and Johnny Depp before Depp got the role.[48] Other actors like John Cusack, Jon Cryer, Brad Pitt, Kiefer Sutherland, Nicolas Cage, and C. Thomas Howell have been mentioned over the years, but Anette Benson has failed to definitely recall those actors as having been among the auditioners. Though Cage had probably not auditioned for A Nightmare on Elm Street, he was in fact involved in introducing Johnny Depp to acting, through Cage's own agent who introduced Benson to him, resulting in an audition for the film.[40][45]

### Filming

[edit]

Principal photography began on June 11, 1984, and lasted a total of 32 days,[27][49] in and around Los Angeles, California.[7] The high school the protagonists attend was filmed at John Marshall High School, where many other productions such as Grease and Pretty in Pink have been filmed.[50] The fictional street address of Nancy's house in the film is 1428 Elm Street; in real life this house is a private home located in Los Angeles at 1428 North Genesee Avenue.[51][52][53] The Lantz' family home was at 1419 North Genesee Avenue on the other side of the road. The boiler room scenes and police station interior were shot in the Lincoln Heights Jail (closed since 1965) building, while the exterior used for the police station was Cahuenga Branch Library. Rod's burial was filmed at Evergreen Cemetery. The American Jewish University on 15600 Mulholland Drive was used for the Katja Institute for the Study of Sleep Disorders visited by Marge and Nancy.[54]

During production, over 500 gallons of fake blood were used for special effects production.[55] For the blood geyser sequence, the filmmakers used the same revolving room set that was used for Tina's death. While filming the scenes, the cameraman and Craven himself were mounted in fixed seats taken from a Datsun B-210 car while the set rotated. The film crew inverted the set and attached the camera so that it looked like the room was right side up, then they poured the red water into the room. They used dyed water because the special effects blood did not have the right look for a geyser. During filming of this scene, the red water poured out in an unexpected way and caused the rotating room to spin. Much of the water spilled out of the bedroom window covering Craven and Langenkamp.[56] Earth's gravity was also used to film another take for the TV version in which a skeleton shoots out from the hollowed out bed and smashes into the "ceiling".[57]

More work was done for Freddy's boiler room than made it into the film; the film crew constructed a whole sleeping place for Freddy, showing that he was quite a hobo, an outcast and reject from society, living and sleeping where he worked, and surrounding himself with naked Barbie dolls and other things as a showcase of his fantasies and perversions. This place was supposed to be where he forged his glove and abducted and murdered his victims.[40][58]

The scene where Nancy is attacked by Krueger in her bathtub was accomplished with a special bottomless tub. The tub was put in a bathroom set that was built over a swimming pool. During the underwater sequence, Heather Langenkamp was replaced with a stuntwoman. The melting staircase in Nancy's dream was Robert Shaye's idea based on his own nightmares; it was created using pancake mix.[59][56] The film's special effects artist Jim Doyle portrayed Freddy on the scene where his face and hands that stretch through the wall and reach out for Nancy when she dreams; the wall was built by Doyle out of spandex.[60]

In the scene where Freddy walks through the prison bars to threaten Rod as seen by Nancy, Wes Craven explains that, "we took triangulations of the camera so we knew exactly the height of it from the floor and the angle towards the point where the killer was going to walk through", and then "we put the camera again at the exact height and walked the actor through that space. Then those two images were married and a rotoscope artist went through and matted out the bars so it appeared they were going straight through his body."[49] Jsu Garcia, who was cast as Rod and credited as Nick Corri, says the production was difficult for him. He was dealing with depression due to recent homelessness by snorting heroin in the bathroom between takes. In 2014, he revealed that he was high on heroin during the scene with Langenkamp in the jail cell. "His eyes were watery and they weren't focused," Langenkamp said. "I thought, 'Wow, he's giving the best performance of his life.'"[3]

Craven said in a 2014 interview that twelve frames of blood had to cut during Tina's death scene or the film would have been axed.[61]

Following Tina's death, Nancy repeatedly dreams of an animate corpse of Tina in a translucent body bag. During the scene in which Freddy kills Rod in the prison cell, Nancy witnesses a centipede crawl out of Tina's mouth. The filmmakers initially attempted to achieve this effect by having Wyss force a rubber centipede out of her mouth; the effect seen in the final film was accomplished by having an actual centipede crawl out of the mouth of a clay sculpture of Wyss's likeness, sculpted by David B. Miller.[62] During filming, the centipede was temporarily lost on set before being found again.[62]

About halfway through the film, when Nancy is trying to stay awake, a scene from Sam Raimi's The Evil Dead appears on a television. Craven decided to include the scene because Raimi had featured a Hills Have Eyes (Craven, 1977) poster in The Evil Dead. In return, Raimi featured a Freddy Krueger glove in the workshed scene of Evil Dead II, and later in Ash vs Evil Dead.[63]

Sean Cunningham, whom Wes Craven had previously worked with while filming The Last House on the Left (1972), helped Craven at the end of the shooting, heading the second film unit during the filming of some of Nancy's dream scenes.[64]

Craven originally planned for the film to have a more evocative ending: Nancy kills Krueger by ceasing to believe in him, then awakens to discover that everything that happened in the film was an elongated nightmare. However, New Line leader Robert Shaye demanded a twist ending, in which Krueger disappears and all seems to have been a dream, only for the audience to discover that it was a dream-within-a-dream-within-a-dream.[56] According to Craven,

> The original ending of the script has Nancy come out the door. It's an unusually cloudy and foggy day. A car pulls up with her dead friends in it. She's startled. She goes out and gets in the car wondering what the hell is going on, and they drive off into the fog, with the mother left standing on the doorstep and that's it. It was very brief, and suggestive that maybe life is sort of dream-like too. Shaye wanted Freddy Krueger to be driving the car, and have the kids screaming. It all became very negative. I felt a philosophical tension to my ending. Shaye said, "That's so 60s, it's stupid." I refused to have Freddy in the driver's seat, and we thought up about five different endings. The one we used, with Freddy pulling the mother through the doorway amused us all so much, we couldn't not use it.[65]

Craven explains that the effect of the mentioned fog did not work out for the team and they had to film without it: there were around 20 persons with fog machines, but the breeze at the time was too much, and the fog was gone before they had the opportunity to film the intendedly foggy scene.[66] Though several variants of an end scene were considered and filmed, Heather Langenkamp states that "there always was this sense that Freddy was the car", while according to Sara Risher, "it was always Wes' idea to pan to the little girls' jumping rope".[32] Both a happy ending and a twist ending were filmed, but the final film used the twist ending. As a result, Craven who never wanted the film to be an ongoing franchise, did not work on the first sequel, Freddy's Revenge (1985).[56] Filming wrapped at the end of July, and the film was rushed to get ready for its November release.

## Music

[edit]

A Nightmare on Elm Street (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Soundtrack album by

Charles Bernstein

Released| 1984
Genre| Electronic, film score
Length| 33:32
Label| Varèse Sarabande
Producer| Charles Bernstein
Charles Bernstein chronology
| Love at First Bite
(1979)  | A Nightmare on Elm Street (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
(1984)  | April Fool's Day
(1986)

|
|

Professional ratingsReview scores

Source| Rating
AllMusic| [67]
Starburst Magazine| [68]

The film score was written by composer Charles Bernstein and first released in 1984 on label Varèse Sarabande.[69] The label re-released the soundtrack in 2015 in an 8-CD box for the franchise soundtracks excluding the remake[70] and again in 2016 in the 12-CD box Little Box of Horror with various other horror film scores.[71] Bernstein's film score was also re-released in 2017, along with the soundtracks of the first seven films, on the label Death Waltz Recording Company in another 8-LP vinyl box set named A Nightmare On Elm Street: Box Of Souls.[72] In 2017 and 2019, the label also released standalone extended versions of the soundtrack with many snippets that were left out of the original releases.[73]

### Freddy's theme song

[edit]

The lyrics for Freddy's theme song, sung by the jumprope children throughout the series and based on "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe", was already written and included in the script when Bernstein started writing the soundtrack, while the melody for it was not set by Bernstein, but by Heather Langenkamp's boyfriend and soon-to-be husband at the time, Alan Pasqua, who was a musician himself. Bernstein integrated Pasqua's contribution into his soundtrack as he saw fit.[32] One of the three girls who recorded the vocal part of the theme was Robert Shaye's then-14-year-old daughter.[74]

## Themes

[edit]

Freddy exclusively attacks teenagers and his actions have been interpreted as symbolic of the often traumatic experiences of adolescence.[75] Nancy, like the archetypal teenager, experiences social anxiety and her relationship with her parents becomes strained. Sexuality is present in Freudian images and is almost exclusively displayed in a threatening and mysterious context (e.g., Tina's death visually evokes a rape, Freddy's glove between Nancy's legs in the bath). The original script called for Krueger to be a child molester, rather than a child murderer, before being murdered.[76]

Wes Craven has explained that "the notion of the screenplay is that the sins of the parents are visited upon the children, but the fact that each child is not necessarily stuck with their lot is still there."[49] Robert Englund observes that "in Nightmare, all the adults are damaged: They're alcoholic, they're on pills, they're not around". Blakley says the parents in the film "verge on being villains." Englund adds: "the adolescents have to wade through that, and Heather is the last girl standing. She lives. She defeats Freddy." Langenkamp agrees: "Nightmare is a feminist movie, but I look at it more as a 'youth power' film."[3]

## Release

[edit]

### Censorship issues

[edit]

When the film was submitted to the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system (MPAA), they required two cuts to grant it an R rating.[23] The theatrical version was released with an R rating and thirteen seconds of cuts. In the United Kingdom, the film was released theatrically and on home video uncut.[77] The Australian theatrical release was edited to an M rating,[78] but the VHS home video was released uncut in 1985 with an Australian R rating.[79] The uncut version would not see a release in the United States until the 1996 Elite Entertainment Laserdisc release.[80] All DVD, digital, and Blu-ray releases use the R-rated theatrical version; the uncut version would not be released on a digital format until 2024,[81] though six seconds had previously been restored for home video and a further two seconds for subsequent releases (which the Ultra HD Blu-ray release did not involve with Media Home Entertainment and Smart Egg Pictures).

### Theatrical

[edit]

It was released in the United States on November 9, 1984, through New Line Cinema and in the United Kingdom on August 30, 1985, through Palace Pictures.[82][83]

### Home media

[edit]

The film was first introduced to the home video market by Media Home Entertainment in early 1985 and was eventually released on Laserdisc. It has since been released on DVD, first in 1999 in the United States as part of the Nightmare on Elm Street Collection box set (along with the other six sequels), and once again in a restored Infinifilm special edition in 2006, containing various special features with contributions from Wes Craven, Heather Langenkamp, John Saxon and the director of photography.

The special edition consisted of two DVDs, one with the film picture and sound restored (DTS 5.1, Dolby Digital 5.1, and original mono audio track) and another DVD with special features. Along with the restored version of the film, DVD one also had two commentaries, and other nightmares (if not all) from the film's sequels (two through seven and Freddy Vs. Jason). It also included additional, extended or alternate scenes of the film, such as one scene where Marge reveals to Nancy that she had another sibling who was killed by Freddy. These unused clips and scenes were not included or added to the DVD film but could be viewed separately from the DVD's menus.

On April 13, 2010, the film was released on Blu-ray Disc by Warner Home Video,[84] with all the same extras from the 2006 special edition;[85] a DVD box set containing all of the films up to that point was released on the same day.[86]

## Reception

[edit]

### Box office

[edit]

A Nightmare on Elm Street premiered in the United States with a limited theatrical release on November 9, 1984, opening in 165 cinemas across the country.[87] Grossing $1,271,000 during its opening weekend, the film was considered an instant commercial success. The film eventually earned a total of $25,504,513 at the US and Canadian box office[87] and $57 million worldwide.[4][5]

### Critical response

[edit]

#### Contemporaneous

[edit]

In a contemporary review, Kim Newman wrote in the Monthly Film Bulletin that A Nightmare on Elm Street was closer to a Stephen King adaptation with its small-town setting, and "invented monster myth".[1] Newman concluded that the film found "Craven emerging from his recent career slump (Swamp Thing, The Hills Have Eyes Part 2, Invitation to Hell) with a fine, perhaps definitive bogeyman to back him up" and that the film was "a superior example of an over-worked genre".[1] Paul Attanasio of The Washington Post praised the film, stating that "for such a low-budget movie, Nightmare on Elm Street is extraordinarily polished. The script is consistently witty, the camera work (by cinematographer Jacques Haitkin) is crisp and expressive."[88] The review noted that "the genre has built-in limitations... but Craven faces the challenge admirably; A Nightmare on Elm Street is halfway between an exploitation flick and classic surrealism". The review also commented on Freddy Krueger, calling him "the most chilling figure in the genre since 'The Shape' made his debut in Halloween."[88] Variety commented that the film was "a highly imaginative horror film", praising the special effects while finding that the film "fails to tie up his thematic threads satisfyingly at the conclusion."[89]

The review commented negatively on some of the scenes involving Nancy's family, noting that "the movie's worst scenes involve Nancy and her alcoholic mother".[88] On the character development, Newman stated that "the impression that about two hundred pages worth of characterisation has been compressed into cliché details like boozy Ronee Blakley demonstrating her renewed self-respect by throwing away a half-full bottle."[1] Newman also said that the nightmares in the film worked against itself, stating that "while the kissing telephone and bottomless bathtub are disorienting in the [David] Cronenberg spirit, they get in the way of the relentless, pursuing-monster aspect that Carpenter manages so well."[1]

#### Retrospective

[edit]

Author Ian Conrich praised the film's ability to rupture "the boundaries between the imaginary and real",[90] and critic James Berardinelli said it toys with audience perceptions.[15] Kelly Bulkeley interpreted the overriding theme as a social subtext, "the struggles of adolescents in American society".[91]

The film has a 95% approval rating based on 60 reviews on Rotten Tomatoes with an average rating of 7.8/10 and with the site's consensus saying: "Wes Craven's intelligent premise, combined with the horrifying visual appearance of Freddy Krueger, still causes nightmares to this day."[92] The film is also considered one of the best of 1984 by Filmsite.org.[93] In 2010, the Independent Film & Television Alliance selected the film as one of the 30 most significant independent films of the past 30 years.[94] It ranked at number 17 on Bravo's The 100 Scariest Movie Moments (2004)—a five-hour program that selected cinema's scariest moments. In 2008, Empire ranked A Nightmare on Elm Street 162nd on their list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.[95] It also was selected by The New York Times as one of the best 1000 movies ever made.[96]

American Film Institute recognition

* AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains – #40, Freddy Krueger, Villain

### Accolades

[edit]

* Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films – Best Horror Film (1985) (nomination)
* Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films – Best Performance by a Young Actor – Jsu Garcia (1985) (nomination)
* Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films – Best DVD Classic Film Release (2007) (nomination)
* Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival – Critics Award – Wes Craven (1985) (winner)
* Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival – Special Mention for Acting – Heather Langenkamp (1985) (winner)[97]

## Other media

[edit]

### Literature

[edit]

Concept art of the planned, never finished or released comic book adaption of the 1984 film, illustrating one of Nancy's struggles with Freddy. Art by Andy Mangels.[98]

A joint novelization of the 1984 film and the sequels Freddy's Revenge and Dream Warriors was released in 1987, written by Jeffrey Cooper.[99] An eight part comic book adaption in 3D was commissioned in early 1989 to be published by Blackthorne Publishing[100] and were to be written by Andy Mangels;[101] these plans fell apart due to the collapse and bankruptcy of said publisher throughout later 1989 and 1990. Some lost concept art was finished of this planned comic book adaption before the folding of Blackthorne;[98] Mangels explains that "Blackthorne had the 3-D rights, but they went bankrupt after I had written three issues, one had been pencilled, and none had been published". A 3D comic book adaption written by Mangels would eventually be released of the fifth sequel Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare on Innovation Publishing.[102]

Cinematic derivatives of A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) includes the two separate Bollywood horror films Khooni Murda (1989)[103] and Mahakaal (1993),[104][105] the Indonesian horror film Satan's Bed (Batas Impian Ranjang Setan; 1986)[106][107] and the American pornographic parody film named A Wet Dream on Elm Street (2011).[108][109]

### Remake

[edit]

Main article: A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010 film)

In 2010, a remake was released, also titled A Nightmare on Elm Street, starring Jackie Earle Haley as Freddy Krueger. The film was produced by Michael Bay, directed by Samuel Bayer, and written by the team of Wesley Strick and Eric Heisserer. The film was intended as a reboot to the franchise, but plans for a sequel never came to fruition after the film received mostly negative reviews despite being a financial success.

On August 7, 2015, it was reported that New Line Cinema was developing a second remake with Orphan writer David Leslie Johnson.[110] Englund expressed interest in returning to the series in a cameo role.[111] Leslie Johnson later added that the work is in limbo due to the success of The Conjuring Universe, saying that "Nothing is percolating just yet", and "Everybody wants to see Freddy again I think, so I think it's inevitable at some point".[112]

## See also

[edit]

* 1980s portal

* List of ghost films
* List of monster movies

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^
* Robert Englund is credited as "Fred" rather than "Freddy" in this film.[7]
* The hands of Freddy forging his iconic glove in the intro scenes are not Englund's, but Charles Belardinelli's.[17]
2. ^ The "Yugoslavian guy" mentioned is Djordje (George) Zecevic, Serbian founder of Smart Egg Pictures[1].

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e Newman, Kim (1985). "A Nightmare on Elm Street". Monthly Film Bulletin. 52 (612). British Film Institute: 283–284.
2. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street (18)". British Board of Film Classification. May 28, 1985. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Marks, Craig; Tannenbaum, Rob (October 20, 2014). "Freddy Lives: An Oral History of A Nightmare on Elm Street". Vulture. Archived from the original on October 1, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
4. ^ a b c Mitchell, Chris (August 10, 1992). "Shrewd marketing fuels Freddy promotion". Variety. p. 36.
5. ^ a b c A Nightmare on Elm Street at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
6. ^ Fujishima, Kenji (January 14, 2016). "Revisiting all 8 of Freddy's nightmares, the richest of the slasher franchises". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on March 14, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
7. ^ a b c "A Nightmare on Elm Street – Warner Wednesday: Film of the Day". Warner Bros. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
8. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) - Wes Craven | Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related | AllMovie". Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
9. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on January 12, 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
10. ^ a b Jim Harper, Legacy of Blood: A Comprehensive Guide to Slasher Movies (Manchester, Eng.: Headpress, 2004), p. 126, ISBN 1-900486-39-3.
11. ^ "History of New Line Cinema, Inc. – FundingUniverse". Fundinguniverse.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
12. ^ Rick Worland, The Horror Film: A Brief Introduction (Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing, 2007), p. 106, ISBN 1-4051-3902-1.
13. ^ Kelly Bulkeley, Visions of the Night: Dreams, Religion, and Psychology (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999), p. 108; see also chap. 11: "Dreamily Deconstructing the Dream Factory: The Wizard of Oz and Nightmare on Elm Street," ISBN 0-7914-4283-7.
14. ^ Ian Conrich, "Seducing the Subject: Fred Krueger, Popular Culture and the Nightmare on Elm Street Films" in Trash Aesthetics: Popular Culture and its Audience, ed. Deborah Cartmell, I. Q. Hunter, Heldi Kaye and Imelda Whelehan (London: Pluto Press, 2004), p. 119, ISBN 0-7453-1202-0.
15. ^ a b James Berardinelli, review of A Nightmare on Elm Street, at ReelViews; last accessed August 30, 2006.
16. ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (December 14, 2021). "National Film Registry Adds Return Of The Jedi, Fellowship Of The Ring, Strangers On A Train, Sounder, WALL-E & More". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
17. ^ Kory Grow (October 30, 2014). "Bedtime Stories: Behind the 10 Most Shocking 'Nightmare on Elm Street' Scenes". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
18. ^ a b c d e Rockoff, Adam, Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, 1978–1986 (McFarland & Company, 2002), p. 151, ISBN 0-7864-1227-5.
19. ^ Hutson 2016, p. 134.
20. ^ a b c "A Nightmare on Elm Street (Digitally Remastered): Heather Langenkamp, Johnny Depp, Robert Englund, John Saxon, Ronee Blakley, Amanda Wyss, Jsu Garcia, Charles Fleischer, Joseph Whipp, Lin Shaye, Joe Unger, Mimi Craven, Jacques Haitkin, Wes Craven, John H. Burrows, Joseph Wolf, Robert Shaye, Sara Risher, Stanley Dudelson". Amazon.com. August 21, 2001. Archived from the original on December 22, 2008. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
21. ^ "Update: Sudden Unexplained Death Syndrome Among Southeast Asian Re fugees – United States". Cdc.gov. Archived from the original on June 25, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
22. ^ a b c Biodrowski, Steve (October 15, 2008). "Wes Craven on Dreaming Up Nightmares". Cinefantastique. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved November 22, 2007.
23. ^ a b Wes Craven. A Nightmare on Elm Street DVD audio commentary.
24. ^ Dave Canfield (August 19, 2005). "WES CRAVEN INTERVIEW – ScreenAnarchy". Twitchfilm.net. Archived from the original on November 13, 2005. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
25. ^ Mary Konecnik (November 10, 2008). "History of Potsdam's A Nightmare on Elm St". Clarksonintegrator.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved December 19, 2008.
26. ^ Sommerstein, David (November 23, 2010). ""Nightmare on Elm Street House" to come down". North Country Public Radio. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
27. ^ a b c d e Van Hise, James (1988). Monsterland's Nightmares on Elm Street: The Freddy Krueger Story (PDF). Pop Cult, Inc. pp. 18–25, 74–75, 80–85. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2019 - via Nightmare on Elm Street Companion.
28. ^ Gunning, Cathal (December 30, 2022). "Nightmare On Elm Street Was Almost A Disney Movie (& Very Different)". Screen Rant. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
29. ^ Hutson 2016, p. 85.
30. ^ a b Dan, Spapperotti (November 1, 1989). "New Line Cinema – The House That Freddy Built". Cinefantastique. Vol. 20, no. 1/02. pp. 89, 124.
31. ^ A Nightmare on Elm Street at DVD Revire Archived May 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine; accessed November 2, 2007.
32. ^ a b c "Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy [Blu-ray]: Robert Englund, Heather Langenkamp, Wes Craven, Lisa Wilcox, Alice Cooper, Andrew Kasch, Daniel Farrands, Thommy Hutson". Amazon.com. January 21, 2014. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
33. ^ Dressler, Jacob (March 9, 2020). "'A Nightmare On Elm Street' Almost Had A Different Actor Playing Freddy Krueger". ScreenGeek. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
34. ^ "Photographic image of Freddy Krueger" (JPG). 3.bp.blogpsot.com. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
35. ^ Couto, Anthony (November 3, 2014). "Here's David Warner as the Original Freddy Krueger". IGN. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
36. ^ "Here's What Freddy Krueger Almost Looked Like! (Exclusive)". October 30, 2015.
37. ^ Marc Shapiro (January 1994). "Jason's Judgement". Fangoria. Horror Spectacular. No. 9\. pp. 14–16.
38. ^ "How the actor who played Jason Voorhees could have been Freddy Krueger". October 31, 2020.
39. ^ Balun, Chas; Topham, Rhet (May 1989). "Rhet Topham: The Scream Merchant of Venice". Fangoria. GoreZone. No. 6\. pp. 24–28.
40. ^ a b c Hutson 2016, pp. 112–120.
41. ^ Chuck Russell (Director) (1987). A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors (DVD). United States: New Line Cinema.
42. ^ Wes Craven (Director) (1994). Wes Craven's New Nightmare (DVD). United States: New Line Cinema.
43. ^ Amanda Wyss (September 27, 2016). "Q&A: Amanda Wyss ("A Nightmare On Elm Street")" (Interview). Baltimore Media Blog. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
44. ^ Amanda Wyss (November 10, 2016). "Interview with Amanda Wyss of 'A Nightmare on Elm Street' & 'The Id'" (Interview). Interviewed by Tori Danielle. Horror Geek Life. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
45. ^ a b John Waters (February 4, 2014). "New Again: Johnny Depp". Interview. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
46. ^ JohnnyDeppMoviesList.org. "Johnny Depp A Nightmare on Elm Street". Johnny Depp Movies List. Archived from the original on February 4, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
47. ^ Ronny Yu (Director) (2003). Freddy vs. Jason (DVD). United States: New Line Cinema.
48. ^ Mark Patton (June 2011). "Interview: Mark Patton" (Interview). Interviewed by Blake Best. Archived from the original on October 13, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2019 - via Nightmare on Elm Street Companion (October 12, 2014).
49. ^ a b c Dan, Spapperotti (July 1, 1985). "Nightmare on Elm Street". Cinefantastique. Vol. 15, no. 3\. pp. 40–42.
50. ^ Norman, Jason (2014). Welcome to Our Nightmares: Behind the Scene with Today's Horror Actors. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-78647-986-3.
51. ^ 1428 North Genesee Avenue, Los Angeles, California, USA
34°05′49.24″N 118°21′28.5″W﻿ / ﻿34.0970111°N 118.357917°W﻿ / 34.0970111; -118.357917﻿ (1428 North Genesee Avenue, Los Angeles, California, USA)
52. ^ Gary Wayne. "The Nightmare on Elm Street House (photo)". Seeing-stars.com. Archived from the original on April 4, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
53. ^ "1428 Elm Street". Nightmare on Elm Street Companion. Archived from the original on September 30, 2019. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
54. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street". Movie-Locations. Archived from the original on January 7, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
55. ^ "Frightful Facts" at House of Horrors Archived November 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine; last accessed November 22, 2017.
56. ^ a b c d Never Sleep Again: The Making of A Nightmare on Elm Street, documentary on the Special Edition 2006 DVD of A Nightmare on Elm Street (2006, New Line Cinema Entertainment), B000GETUDI Archived April 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
57. ^ Goldberg, Lee (December 1984). "On Set: Nightmare on Elm Street". Fangoria. No. 40\. pp. 50–53.
58. ^ The Confession of Fred Krueger (July 18, 2015). "10 Things to Know About "The Confession of Fred Krueger"". Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2020 - via Facebook.
59. ^ "How we made A Nightmare on Elm Street". The Guardian. September 23, 2019. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
60. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street: Warner Wednesday: Film of the Day". WarnerBros.com. Warner Bros. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
61. ^ "Horror maestro Wes Craven on Scream, Freddy and bloodying the American Dream".
62. ^ a b Hutson 2016, p. 211.
63. ^ Nick Venable (January 5, 2016). "The Awesome Nightmare On Elm Street Easter Egg From Ash Vs Evil Dead". Cinema Blend. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
64. ^ David A. Szulkin (writer); Wes Craven/Sean Cunningham (interviewed) (March 2001). "Last House Mates". Fangoria. No. 200\. Starlog Group, Inc. pp. 56–60, 98. ISSN 0164-2111.
65. ^ Jim Clark (March 1987). "A Nightmare on Elm Street – Part III". Cinefantastique. Vol. 17, no. 2\. pp. 6–7, 53.
66. ^ Steve Biodrowski (October 15, 2008). "Wes Craven on Dreaming Up Nightmares". Cinefantastique Online. Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
67. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street – Original Soundtrack". AllMusic. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
68. ^ Nick Spacek (November 17, 2019). "A NIGHTMARE ON ELM STREET OST". Starburst Magazine. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
69. ^ Charles Bernstein – A Nightmare On Elm Street (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) (LP). Varèse Sarabande. 1984. STV 81236. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
70. ^ A Nightmare on Elm Street (CD). October 16, 2015. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
71. ^ LITTLE BOX OF HORRORS – 12 CD BOX SET. varesesarabande.com (CD). November 18, 2016. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
72. ^ Squires, John (October 23, 2017). Insane "Box of Souls" Vinyl Set Includes Every 'Elm Street' Franchise Soundtrack!. Bloody Disgusting (CD). Retrieved May 18, 2019.
73. ^ Charles Bernstein – A Nightmare On Elm Street (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) (LP). Death Waltz Recording Company. 2019. DW64. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
74. ^ Robert Shaye (September 17, 2019). "Bob Shaye Has Advice for the Next Nightmare on Elm Street Reboot [Exclusive]". MovieWeb (Interview). Interviewed by Brian B. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
75. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street". Notcoming.com. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
76. ^ Robb, Brian (October 31, 2000). Screams and Nightmares: The Films of Wes Craven. Overlook TP. ISBN 1-58567-090-1.
77. ^ Melon Farmers. "A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 1984 US horror film by Wes Craven". melonfarmers.co.uk. Archived from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
78. ^ Australian Classification Board. "NIGHTMARE ON ELM STREET, A(35MM)". www.classification.gov.au. Archived from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
79. ^ Australian Classification Board. "NIGHTMARE ON ELM STREET, A(VIDEOTAPE)". www.classification.gov.au. Archived from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
80. ^ Nightmare On Elm Street Films. "Nightmare On Elm Street Films". nightmareonelmstreetfilms.com. Archived from the original on March 27, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
81. ^ A Nightmare on Elm Street in 4K Ultra HD is official, plus FOUR MORE new Godzilla Minus One physical media SKUs are coming!
82. ^ Hutson 2016, p. 313.
83. ^ A NIGHTMARE ON ELM STREET Archived September 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine | British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved September 14, 2019
84. ^ High-Def Digest (January 7, 2010). "A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)' Announced for Blu-ray". High Def Digest. Archived from the original on November 28, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2010.
85. ^ Dread Central (January 7, 2010). "The Original A Nightmare on Elm Street Coming to Blu-ray!". Dread Central. Archived from the original on January 10, 2010. Retrieved January 6, 2010.
86. ^ Dread Central (January 7, 2010). "New Elm Street Box Set Coming! Wait Until You See the Cover!". Dread Central. Archived from the original on January 10, 2010. Retrieved January 6, 2010.
87. ^ a b A Nightmare on Elm Street at Box Office Mojo Archived January 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine; last accessed June 1, 2014.
88. ^ a b c Attanasio, Paul (January 23, 1985). "The Gore of Your Dreams". The Washington Post. p. D2. ISSN 0190-8286.
89. ^ "Review: 'A Nightmare on Elm Street'". January 1984. Archived from the original on February 2, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
90. ^ Ian Conrich, "Seducing the Subject: Freddy Krueger, Popular Culture and the Nightmare on Elm Street Films" in Trash Aesthetics: Popular Culture and its Audience, ed. Deborah Cartmell, I. Q. Hunter, Heldi Kaye and Imelda Whelehan (London: Pluto Press, 2004), p. 119, ISBN 0-7453-1202-0.
91. ^ Kelly Bulkeley, Visions of the Night: Dreams, Religion, and Psychology (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999), p. 108; see also chap. 11: "Dreamily Deconstructing the Dream Factory: The Wizard of Oz and A Nightmare on Elm Street," ISBN 0-7914-4283-7.
92. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street Movie Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on July 22, 2010. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
93. ^ "The Greatest Films of 1984". AMC Filmsite.org. Archived from the original on July 30, 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
94. ^ "IFTA Picks 30 Most Significant Indie Films". The Wrap. September 8, 2010. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
95. ^ "Empire's The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time". Empire magazine. Archived from the original on November 28, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
96. ^ "The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made". The New York Times. April 29, 2003. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
97. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street". IMDb. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
98. ^ a b Andy Mangels (uploaded by Chris Polubinski) (July 26, 2008). "A Nightmare on Elm Street, page 25". Comic Fan Arts. Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
99. ^ Cooper, Jeffrey (February 1, 1987). The Nightmares on Elm Street parts 1, 2 & 3: The Continuing Story. St Martins Pr. ISBN 978-0312905170.
100. ^ "Newswatch". The Comics Journal. No. 127\. Fantagraphics Books. March 1, 1989. p. 25.
101. ^ "Comic Books & Graphic Novels". AndyMangels.com. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
102. ^ "Fantazia #13, page 32". Fantazia. No. 13\. Summer 1991. pp. 31–32. Archived from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
103. ^ "Khooni Murda (Mohan Bhakri) 1989". Indiancine.ma. Archived from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
104. ^ Ramsay Brothers (February 11, 1994). Mahakaal [The Monster] (motion picture) (in Hindi). India: Mondo Macabro.
105. ^ Noel Murray (October 31, 2011). "Mahakaal: The Monster (1993)". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
106. ^ Joseph A. Ziemba (August 20, 2013). "Satan's Bed (1984)". Bleeding Skull!. Archived from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
107. ^ "Batas Impian Ranjang Setan (1986)". IMDb. Archived from the original on February 9, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
108. ^ Tibbals, Chauntelle (November 10, 2014), "The 10 Best Porn Films Since 2010", Uproxx, archived from the original on September 21, 2020, retrieved November 11, 2020
109. ^ Jones, Steve (2013), "'Why Are You Crying? Aren't You Having Fun?': Extreme Porn", Torture Porn: Popular Horror after Saw, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 150–169, ISBN 9781137317124
110. ^ "Nightmare on Elm Street Gets Remake With Writer of Horror Flick Orphan". usmagazine.com. August 7, 2015. Archived from the original on August 10, 2015. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
111. ^ Danny Cox (June 3, 2016). "Robert Englund Wants To Come Back For 'A Nightmare On Elm Street' Remake". Inquisitr. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
112. ^ "Aquaman Writer Says A Nightmare On Elm Street Reboot Is Still Happening". Gamespot.com. January 1, 2019. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Hutson, Tommy (2016). Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy: The Making of Wes Craven's A Nightmare on Elm Street. Permuted Press. ISBN 978-1-6186-8640-4.
* Badley, Linda. Film, Horror, and the Body Fantastic. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1995. ISBN 0-313-27523-8.
* Baird, Robert. "The Startle Effect: Implications for Spectator Cognition and Media Theory". Film Quarterly 53 (No. 3, Spring 2000): pp. 12–24.
* Carroll, Noël. "The Nature of Horror." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 46 (No. 1, Autumn 1987): pp. 51–59.
* Christensen, Kyle. "The Final Girl versus Wes Craven's 'A Nightmare on Elm Street': Proposing a Stronger Model of Feminism in Slasher Horror Cinema". Studies in Popular Culture 34 (No. 1, Fall 2011): pp. 23–47.
* Cumbow, Robert C. Order in the Universe: The Films of John Carpenter. 2nd ed., Lanham, Md.: Scarcrow Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8108-3719-6.
* Johnson, Kenneth. "The Point of View of the Wandering Camera". Cinema Journal 32 (No. 2, Winter 1993): pp. 49–56.
* King, Stephen. Danse Macabre. New York: Berkley Books, 1981. ISBN 0-425-10433-8.
* Prince, Stephen, ed. The Horror Film. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8135-3363-5.
* Schneider, Steven Jay, ed. Horror Film and Psychoanalysis: Freud's Worst Nightmare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-521-82521-0.
* Williams, Tony. Hearths of Darkness: The Family in the American Horror Film. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-8386-3564-4.

## External links

[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to A Nightmare on Elm Street.

* A Nightmare on Elm Street at IMDb
* A Nightmare on Elm Street at AllMovie

* v
* t
* e

A Nightmare on Elm Street

Films|

* A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)
* A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge
* A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors
* A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master
* A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child
* Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare
* Wes Craven's New Nightmare
* Freddy vs. Jason
* A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010)

Characters|

* Freddy Krueger
* Nancy Thompson
* Tina Gray
* Jesse Walsh
* Kristen Parker
* Alice Johnson

Comics|

* Freddy Krueger's A Nightmare on Elm Street
* Nightmares on Elm Street
* Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash
* Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash: The Nightmare Warriors

Music|

* "Dream Warriors"
* "Are You Ready for Freddy"
* "Nightmare"
* "A Nightmare on My Street"
* "Bring Your Daughter... to the Slaughter"
* Freddy's Favorites: The Best of A Nightmare on Elm Street
* "I'm Awake Now"
* Freddy vs. Jason (soundtrack)
* Freddy vs. Jason (score)

Novels|

* Suffer the Children
* Dreamspawn
* Protégé

Other media|

* NES video game
* Freddy's Nightmares
* episodes

Documentaries|

* Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy
* I Am Nancy
* Nightmares in the Makeup Chair
* Scream, Queen! My Nightmare on Elm Street

Related topics|

* 1428 Elm Street
* Cast list
* List of media
* Behind the Screams
* "Freddy Kreuger" (song)
* Dacre Shanks

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Films directed by Wes Craven

* Filmography
* Awards and nominations

Feature films|

* The Last House on the Left (1972)
* The Hills Have Eyes (1977)
* Deadly Blessing (1981)
* Swamp Thing (1982)
* A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)
* The Hills Have Eyes Part II (1985)
* Deadly Friend (1986)
* The Serpent and the Rainbow (1988)
* Shocker (1989)
* The People Under the Stairs (1991)
* Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1994)
* Vampire in Brooklyn (1995)
* Scream (1996)
* Scream 2 (1997)
* Music of the Heart (1999)
* Scream 3 (2000)
* Cursed (2005)
* Red Eye (2005)
* Paris, je t'aime (segment Père-Lachaise, 2006)
* My Soul to Take (2010)
* Scream 4 (2011)

Television films|

* Stranger in Our House (1978)
* Invitation to Hell (1984)
* Chiller (1985)
* Night Visions (1990)

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template