Abdala (vaccine)

Vaccine against COVID-19

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This article is about the Cuban vaccine. For other uses, see Abdala.

Pharmaceutical compound

AbdalaVaccine description

Target| SARS-CoV-2
Vaccine type| Protein subunit
Clinical data
Other names| ABDALA
Routes of
administration| Intramuscular
Legal status
Legal status|

* Full and emergency authorizations

Full list of Abdala authorizations

Identifiers
CAS Number|

* 2696238-04-5[1]

Part of a series on the

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Abdala, technical name CIGB-66, is a COVID-19 vaccine developed by the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology in Cuba.[2] This candidate, named after a patriotic drama by Cuban independence hero José Martí, is a protein subunit vaccine containing COVID-derived proteins that trigger an immune response.[3] The full results of the clinical trial have not yet been published. This candidate followed a previous one called CIGB-669 (MAMBISA).[4]

The vaccine is one of two Cuba-developed COVID-19 vaccines which has passed Phase III trials,[5][6][7] and has received emergency authorisation.

## Medical uses

[edit]

The vaccine was administered in 3 doses spaced 2 weeks apart.[8]

### Efficacy

[edit]

On 22 June 2021, official Cuban government sources reported that the results of an initial study by the Cuban Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology involving 48,290 participants found a 92.28% efficacy rate[9][10][11][12] at preventing symptomatic COVID-19.[13][14] The report included a confidence interval of 85.74%–95.817% without a specified confidence level; analysis was based on 153 cases of symptomatic COVID, 142 of which were in the placebo group and 11 of which were in the approximately equal vaccinated group.[14]

The measure of efficacy includes the initial strain of SARS-COV-2 as well as variants that were present in Cuba during the study,[15] including Alpha, Beta, and Gamma strains.[13] The Beta variant entered Cuba in January 2021 and became the predominant strain in Cuba,[16][17][18] fuelling a rise in COVID cases.[19]

As of 28 June 2021, Cuba has not yet released detailed information about the vaccine to the WHO[12] or to the general public via a pre-print or a scientific article.[20] It is planned to do so after the Cuba Health Agency (CECMED) authorises the vaccine for emergency use.[14][21]

In September 2022, a study published in The Lancet Regional Health – Americas[22] reported that the estimated vaccine effectiveness against severe illness was 93.3% in partially vaccinated individuals and 98.2% in those fully vaccinated; effectiveness against death was 94.1% and 98.7%, respectively. Effectiveness exceeded 92.0% across all age groups. The retrospective, real-world study was conducted during the Delta variant wave in Cuba, and the effectiveness against Omicron or subsequent variants remains unknown.

## Vaccine design

[edit]

The vaccine was designed by researchers from the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and has been described in a pre-print submission.[23] The Abdala vaccine reportedly consists of a monomeric receptor binding domain subunit, residues 331-530 of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 strain 156 Wuhan-Hu-1, expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris at 30–40 mg/L fermentation yield.[23] The vaccine antigen is polyhistidine-tagged to aid purification and is reportedly purified via immobilised metal affinity chromatography and subsequent hydrophobic interaction chromatography to >98% purity.[23] For animal studies 50 μg of vaccine antigen per dose was adjuvanted with 0.3 mg aluminium hydroxide gel (Alhydrogel) and delivered in 500 μL phosphate buffer.[23]

## Manufacturing

[edit]

Venezuela claimed that it would manufacture the vaccine[24] but, as of 2 May 2021, the claim had not yet materialised.[25] State-owned EspromedBIO will manufacture the vaccine but some "arrangements" are needed to start production.[26] In April, Nicolás Maduro said that a capacity of 2 million doses per month is hoped to be reached by August or September 2021.[27] In June 2021, Vietnam's Ministry of Health announced that negotiations were ongoing between Cuba and Vietnam for Abdala vaccine production. The Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals (IVAC) was named as the focal point for receiving technology transfer.[28]

## History

[edit]

### Clinical trials

[edit]

In July 2020, Abdala commenced phase I/II clinical trials.[29]

The Phase III trial compares 3 doses of the vaccine administered at 0, 14 and 28 days against a placebo, with the primary outcome measuring the proportion of cases reported for each group 14 days after the third dose. The trial was registered on 18 March 2021. The first dose was administered on 22 March and by April 4, the 48,000 participants had received their first dose,[30][31] and second doses started being administered from April 5.[32][better source needed] Third doses have started being administered on 19 April[33][34][35] and on May 1, adherence to the three-dose protocol was over 97%.[36]

In July 2021, Abdala started clinical trial phase I/II for children and adolescents aged 3-18.[37]

#### Intervention study

[edit]

124,000 people aged 19 to 80 received 3 doses of the vaccine as part of an intervention study, with the primary outcome measuring the proportion of cases and deaths for the vaccinated compared to the unvaccinated population.[38]

A wider intervention study with the 1.7 million inhabitants of Havana is expected to start in May with the Abdala and Soberana 2 vaccine.[39]

### Authorizations

[edit]

This graph was using the legacy Graph extension, which is no longer supported. It needs to be converted to the new Chart extension.

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Full authorization

Emergency authorization

Allowed for travel

See also: List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations § Abdala

On 9 July 2021, Abdala was approved for emergency use in Cuba.[40][41]

On 18 September 2021, Abdala was approved for emergency use in Vietnam.[42]

On 16 December 2021, the Ministry of Health of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines announced that the Abdala vaccine was available at vaccination sites across the island.[43] This announcement follows a donation of vaccines made by the Cuban government on 13 December 2021.[44]

On 29 December 2021, Abdala was approved for emergency use in Mexico.[45]

## Distribution

[edit]

On 24 June 2021, Vice President of Venezuela Delcy Rodríguez announced that Venezuela had signed a contract for 12 million doses of the vaccine, and that these doses are to arrive in "the coming months".[46] The first shipment of Abdala arrived in Venezuela the day following this announcement.[47]

On 20 September, 2021, The Vietnamese Government has issued a resolution on purchase of 10 million doses of Abdala COVID-19 vaccine.[48]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Patent Landscape Report COVID-19-related vaccines and therapeutics" (PDF).
2. ^ "ABDALA Clinical Study". rpcec.sld.cu. Registro Público Cubano de Ensayos Clínicos. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
3. ^ Yaffe H (31 March 2021). "Cuba's five COVID-19 vaccines: the full story on Soberana 01/02/Plus, Abdala, and Mambisa". LSE Latin America and Caribbean blog. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
4. ^ "MAMBISA Study". rpcec.sld.cu. Registro Público Cubano de Ensayos Clínicos. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
5. ^ "Three-shot Cuban COVID-19 vaccine candidate moves forward in phase III". www.bioworld.com. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
6. ^ "Cuba's Abdala COVID-19 vaccine enters phase 3 clinical trial - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
7. ^ Zimmer C, Corum J, Wee SL (10 June 2020). "Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
8. ^ "ABDALA Clinical Study - Phase III". rpcec.sld.cu. Registro Público Cubano de Ensayos Clínicos. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
9. ^ "Cuba says Abdala vaccine 92.28% effective against coronavirus". Reuters. 21 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
10. ^ Augustin E (22 June 2021). "Cuba reports a high success rate for its homegrown Abdala vaccine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
11. ^ "Cuba's COVID-19 vaccine Abdala shows 92 pct efficacy, makers say". Al Arabiya English. 22 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
12. ^ a b "Cuba says two of its vaccines are effective against COVID-19. But where is the data?". Miami Herald. 23 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
13. ^ a b "Abdala, con tres dosis, tiene una eficacia de 92,28 % (+Video)". Granma.cu (in Spanish). 21 June 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
14. ^ a b c "How was the efficacy of the Cuban COVID-19 vaccine candidates calculated?". OnCubaNews English. 27 June 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
15. ^ "Efficacy, resistance to variants, approval ... 3 things to know about the Cuban vaccine Abdala". News in 24 english. 22 June 2021. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
16. ^ Ministerio de Salud Pública en Cuba (22 January 2021). "Cuba reporta la presencia de una nueva variante genética de SARS-CoV-2". Sitio oficial de gobierno del Ministerio de Salud Pública en Cuba (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
17. ^ "Cuba reports new coronavirus variant amid peak of cases". The Brazilian Report. 22 January 2021. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
18. ^ "Cuba detects South African COVID-19 variant amid virus uptick". Miami Herald. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
19. ^ Acosta N (22 April 2021). "South African virus variant fuels record Cuban COVID-19 cases". Reuters. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
20. ^ Dourado E (2020). "Accelerating Availability of Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3564664. ISSN 1556-5068. S2CID 219394200.
21. ^ "COVID-19: las vacunas cubanas son una "esperanza" para América Latina | DW | 23.06.2021". Deutsche Welle (in European Spanish). Retrieved 28 June 2021.
22. ^ Más-Bermejo PI, et al. (23 September 2022). "Cuban Abdala vaccine: Effectiveness in preventing severe disease and death from COVID-19 in Havana, Cuba; A cohort study". The Lancet Regional Health - Americas. 16. doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100366. ISSN 2667-193X. PMC 9507841. PMID 36185968.
23. ^ a b c d Limonta-Fernández M (2021). "The SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain expressed in Pichia pastoris as a candidate vaccine antigen July 3, 2021". medRxiv 10.1101/2021.06.29.21259605v1.
24. ^ "Cuba says it's 'betting it safe' with its own Covid vaccine". NBC News. 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
25. ^ "Maduro struggles to make his grand vaccine promise". Eminetra.co.uk. 2 May 2021. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
26. ^ "Venezuela producirá la vacuna cubana anticovid Abdala". www.efe.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 May 2021.
27. ^ "Venezuela to produce Cuban COVID vaccine: Maduro". Aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera and news agencies. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021. "We've signed an agreement to produce in our laboratories... two million vaccines a month of the Abdala vaccine... for August, September, approximately,"
28. ^ Ministry of Health Vietnam (16 June 2021). "Bộ trưởng Bộ Y tế đàm phán với Cuba về hợp tác sản xuất vaccine". giadinh.net.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 17 June 2021.
29. ^ "ABDALA Clinical Study". rpcec.sld.cu. Registro Público Cubano de Ensayos Clínicos. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
30. ^ BioCubaFarma (4 April 2021). "[Translated] "The application of the 1st dose of #Abdala, in volunteer 48 thousand, of the Phase III Clinical Trial. Next Monday, April 5, the application of the 2nd dose of this vaccine candidate begins. #VcaunasCubanasCovid19 ."". Twitter. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
31. ^ "Covid Check-in: Cuba's Homegrown Vaccines". AS/COA. 5 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
32. ^ BioCubaFarma (5 April 2021). "[Translated] "The application of the 2nd dose of the vaccine candidates begins today #Abdala and #Soberana02 , as part of the 3rd phase of the clinical trial. Workers of @Emcomed1 in Havana and eastern provinces, from very early hours they carry out their distribution until the vaccination centers"". Twitter (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 April 2021.
33. ^ "Abdala: Comienza tercera dosis en el Oriente cubano". www.cuba.cu (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 April 2021.
34. ^ BioCubaFarma. "[Translated] "Application of the 3rd dose of the vaccine candidate begins #Abdala in the provinces of Granma, Santiago de Cuba and Guantánamo. The application of the 2nd dose of #Soberana02 within the framework of the EC Phase III.#VacunasCubanasCovid19". Twitter. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
35. ^ Agencia Cubana de Noticias. "Convergen múltiples voluntades para éxito de estudio Abdala en Bayamo". ACN (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
36. ^ Rodriguez M, Sánchez L (4 May 2021). "With Abdala, Cuba takes another step toward broad scale vaccination". Granma. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
37. ^ "Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine candidate "ABDALA" in children and adolescents". rpcec.sld.cu. Registro Público Cubano de Ensayos Clínicos. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
38. ^ "ABDALA-Intervention | Registro Público Cubano de Ensayos Clínicos". rpcec.sld.cu. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
39. ^ Ministerio de Salud Pública en Cuba. "Sitio oficial de gobierno del Ministerio de Salud Pública en Cuba". Sitio oficial de gobierno del Ministerio de Salud Pública en Cuba (in European Spanish). Retrieved 23 April 2021.
40. ^ "COVID: Cuba approves emergency use of own Abdala vaccine". Deutsche Welle. 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
41. ^ "Aprueba el CECMED el Autorizo de Uso de Emergencia del candidato vacunal cubano ABDALA | CECMED". www.cecmed.cu (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 July 2021.
42. ^ Nga L (18 September 2021). "Vietnam approves emergency use of Cuba's Covid vaccine". VnExpress. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
43. ^ "Vincentians have access to Cuban Abdala vaccine | Loop Caribbean News". Loop News. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
44. ^ "SVG receives 300 Abdala vaccines from Cuba". SVG-TV. 21 December 2021. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
45. ^ Garrison C (29 December 2021). "Mexico authorizes Cuban COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use". WTVB. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
46. ^ "Venezuela announces acquisition of 12 million Cuban vaccine doses". Macau Business. 25 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
47. ^ "Venezuela receives first shipment of Cuban coronavirus vaccine". Reuters. 24 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
48. ^ "Gov't to purchase 10 million doses of Cuba's COVID-19 vaccine". The Government of Vietnam. 20 September 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.

## External links

[edit]

Scholia has a profile for Abdala (Q106390652).

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* timeline
* 2020
* January–May
* June–December
* 2021
* union government response
* PM CARES Fund
* SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund
* state government responses
* vaccination
* Vaccine Maitri

By location|

* Andaman and Nicobar Islands
* Andhra Pradesh
* Arunachal Pradesh
* Assam
* Bihar
* Chandigarh
* Chhattisgarh
* Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
* Delhi
* Tablighi Jamaat hotspot
* Goa
* Gujarat
* Haryana
* Himachal Pradesh
* Jammu and Kashmir
* Jharkhand
* Karnataka
* Kerala
* timeline
* Ladakh
* Lakshadweep
* Madhya Pradesh
* Maharashtra
* Manipur
* Meghalaya
* Mizoram
* Nagaland
* Odisha
* Puducherry
* Punjab
* Rajasthan
* Sikkim
* Tamil Nadu
* Telangana
* Tripura
* Uttar Pradesh
* Uttarakhand
* West Bengal

Southeast|

* Brunei
* Cambodia
* Indonesia
* timeline
* 2021
* social restrictions
* Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement
* Laos
* Myanmar
* Singapore
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* circuit breaker response
* vaccination
* statistics
* Thailand
* timeline
* vaccination
* statistics
* Timor-Leste
* Vietnam
* timeline
* government response

Malaysia|

* impact
* social
* economic
* political
* Aid and relief efforts
* movement control order
* Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* statistics
* Johor
* Kuala Lumpur
* Sabah
* Sarawak
* Selangor

Philippines|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* government response
* community quarantines
* Luzon
* evacuations
* testing controversy
* vaccination
* Bangsamoro
* Bicol Region
* Cagayan Valley
* Calabarzon
* Caraga
* Central Luzon
* Central Visayas
* Cordillera
* Davao Region
* Eastern Visayas
* Ilocos Region
* Metro Manila
* Mimaropa
* Northern Mindanao
* Soccsksargen
* Western Visayas
* Zamboanga Peninsula
* Overseas Filipinos

West|

* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Artsakh
* Bahrain
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* Egypt
* Georgia
* Abkhazia
* South Ossetia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Kurdistan Region
* Israel
* Jordan
* Kuwait
* Lebanon
* Oman
* Palestine
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* vaccination
* Syria
* Turkey
* timeline
* United Arab Emirates
* Yemen

Europe|

| United Kingdom|

* history
* timeline
* January–June 2020
* July–December 2020
* January–June 2021
* July–December 2021
* January–June 2022
* July–December 2022
* 2023
* responses
* government response
* response
* Operation Rescript
* contracts
* impact
* social
* economic
* education

By location|

* England
* timeline
* 2020
* January–June
* July–December
* 2021
* 2022
* London
* local lockdown regulations
* first tier regulations
* Northern Ireland
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Scotland
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Wales
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Crown Dependencies
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Guernsey
* Overseas territories
* Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Gibraltar

Eastern|

* Belarus
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Kazakhstan
* Moldova
* Gagauzia
* Transnistria
* Russia
* timeline
* January–June 2020
* July–December 2020
* government responses
* political impact
* Turkey
* timeline
* Ukraine
* Crimea
* Sevastopol

Western Balkans|

* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Kosovo
* Montenegro
* North Macedonia
* Serbia
* statistics

European Union|

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* timeline
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Faroe Islands
* Estonia
* Finland
* Åland
* France
* Guadeloupe
* French Guiana
* Réunion
* Martinique
* Mayotte
* Normandy
* Saint Martin
* Germany
* North Rhine-Westphalia
* government response
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* economic impact
* social impact
* vaccination
* Italy
* lockdowns
* timeline
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* government response
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* timeline
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* timeline
* Asturias
* Canary Islands
* Ceuta
* Community of Madrid
* Melilla
* Sweden
* government response
* Operation Gloria

EFTA countries|

* Iceland
* Liechtenstein
* Norway
* Svalbard
* Switzerland

Microstates|

* Andorra
* Monaco
* San Marino
* Vatican City

North
America|

| Atlantic|

* Bermuda
* Greenland
* Saint Pierre and Miquelon

|

Canada|

* timeline
* economic impact
* federal aid
* vaccination
* by province
* military response
* Atlantic Bubble
* Alberta
* timeline
* British Columbia
* Manitoba
* New Brunswick
* Newfoundland and Labrador
* Northwest Territories
* Nova Scotia
* Nunavut
* Ontario
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Ottawa
* Peel Region
* Toronto
* York Region
* Provincial government response
* Vaccination
* Prince Edward Island
* Quebec
* Montreal
* boroughs
* Saskatchewan
* timeline
* Yukon

Caribbean|

| Countries|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Cuba
* Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* Grenada
* Haiti
* Jamaica
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Trinidad and Tobago
* timeline

|

British Overseas Territories|

* Anguilla
* British Virgin Islands
* Cayman Islands
* Montserrat
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* response

* Aruba
* Curaçao
* Sint Maarten

Caribbean Netherlands|

* Bonaire
* Saba
* Sint Eustatius

French West Indies|

* Guadeloupe
* Martinique
* Saint Barthélemy
* Saint Martin

US insular areas|

* Puerto Rico
* U.S. Virgin Islands

Central America|

* Belize
* Costa Rica
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Honduras
* Mexico
* timeline
* vaccination
* Nicaragua
* Panama

United States|

* Trump administration communication
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* social impact
* economic impact
* 2021 hospital crisis

responses|

* federal government
* state and local governments
* California government response
* New York government response
* Texas government response
* Eastern States Multi-state Council
* Midwest Governors Regional Pact
* Western States Pact

By location|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* American Samoa
* Arizona
* Navajo Nation
* Arkansas
* California
* timeline
* S.F. Bay Area
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* timeline
* Massachusetts
* timeline
* Boston
* timeline
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* timeline
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* New York City
* timeline
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Ohio
* Columbus
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Portland
* Pennsylvania
* Philadelphia
* Puerto Rico
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* timeline
* Austin
* U.S. Virgin Islands
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* Washington, D.C.
* White House
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Oceania|

* American Samoa
* Cook Islands
* Easter Island
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Caledonia
* Niue
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Bougainville
* Pitcairn Islands
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tokelau
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu
* Wallis and Futuna

Australia|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* January–June
* July–December
* 2022
* Australian Capital Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* New South Wales
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Territory
* Queensland
* South Australia
* Tasmania
* Victoria
* Western Australia

New Zealand|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* economic impact
* government response
* Alert levels
* Traffic light system
* social impact
* managed isolation

South
America|

* Argentina
* statistics
* human rights
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* timeline
* São Paulo
* Chile
* statistics
* Easter Island
* Colombia
* timeline
* Ecuador
* Falkland Islands
* French Guiana
* Guyana
* Paraguay
* Peru
* statistics
* Cusco
* Suriname
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Others|

* Antarctica
* Cruise ships
* Diamond Princess
* Grand Princess
* Naval ships
* Charles de Gaulle
* USS Theodore Roosevelt

Impact

| Culture and
entertainment|

| Arts and
cultural heritage|

* References in popular culture
* Cinema
* films affected
* Corona-chan
* Disney
* Fashion industry
* Music industry
* Performing arts
* Television
* U.S.
* U.S. sports
* programs affected
* Video games

|

Education|

* Female education
* Homeschooling

By country|

* Ghana
* Ireland
* United Kingdom
* exam grading controversy
* United States

Sports|

* Bio-secure bubble

By country|

* Ireland
* Philippines

By sport|

* Association football
* Baseball
* Basketball
* NBA
* Combat sports
* Cricket
* Disc golf
* Gaelic games
* Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)
* Ice hockey
* Motorsport
* Rugby league

Society
and rights|

| Social impact|

* Social media
* Stigma
* COVID-19 parties
* Children
* foster care in the U.S.
* Pandemic baking

|

Labor|

* Healthcare workers
* Indian migrant workers
* Great Resignation
* Strikes

Human rights|

* Argentina
* Hong Kong
* Myanmar
* North Korea
* Turkmenistan

Legal|

* Abortion in the U.S.
* Crime
* Domestic violence
* Prisons
* U.S. immigration detention

Minority|

* Gender
* LGBT community
* African communities
* Disability community
* Native American communities
* Xenophobia and racism

Religion|

* Catholic Church
* Hajj

Economic|

* Charitable activity
* COVID-19 scams
* Travel restrictions

By country|

* Canada
* India
* Ireland
* COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment
* Malaysia
* New Zealand
* Russia
* U.K.
* U.S.

By industry|

* Aviation
* Airlines
* Cannabis industry
* Food industry
* meat industry in Canada
* meat industry in the U.S.
* restaurant industry in the U.S.
* Hospitals
* ICU capacity
* Long-term care facilities
* Mink farming
* Public transport
* Retail
* Tourism

Supply and trade|

* Shortages
* Chip supply
* Energy
* Global supply chain
* Oil price war
* Food security

Financial markets|

* Global stock market crash
* COVID-19 recession
* Inflation

Information|

* Journalism
* Media coverage
* Wikipedia's response

Misinformation|

* Governments
* China
* United States
* By country
* Canada
* Philippines
* Ivermectin
* Plandemic

Politics|

* National responses
* Legislation
* European Union

Political impact|

* Ireland
* Malaysia
* Russia

Protests|

* Abkhazia
* Argentina
* Australia
* Convoy to Canberra
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Brazil
* 2020 protests
* 2021 protests
* Bulgaria
* Canada
* convoy protest
* Chile
* China
* Beijing Sitong Bridge protest
* healthcare reform protests
* Colombia
* 2021 protests
* 2022 protests
* Cuba
* France
* Yellow vests protests
* labor protests
* French West Indies social unrest
* convoy protest
* Germany
* Idar-Oberstein shooting
* Greece
* Israel
* protests against Benjamin Netanyahu
* Italy
* Mongolia
* Netherlands
* curfew riots
* New Zealand
* Wellington protest
* Paraguay
* Serbia
* Tunisia
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Open the States

International relations|

* Aid
* Italy
* Moldovan–Romanian collaboration
* Nicaragua–Taiwan relations
* Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan
* Vaccine diplomacy

Language|

* Anthropause
* Doomscrolling
* Flattening the curve
* Green recovery
* Long COVID
* Quarantini
* Social distancing
* Superspreader
* Twindemic
* Zero-COVID
* Zoom
* Zoom towns

Others|

* Animals
* Cluster 5
* Environment
* Military
* Pregnant women
* Science and technology

Health issues

| Medical topics|

* Transmission
* Symptoms
* Cancer
* Endemic COVID-19
* Skin manifestations
* Long COVID
* Mental health
* neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes
* Pregnancy
* Non-COVID-19–related health issues
* Shortages
* Raise the line
* Rehabilitation
* Unproven medical methods

|

Testing and
epidemiology|

* Datasets
* Death rates by country
* Disease testing
* Breathalyzer
* Operation Moonshot
* Test to Release
* UK Rapid Test Consortium
* AbC-19 rapid antibody test
* investigations into the origins
* lab leak theory
* Rapid antigen test
* Software
* Surveillance
* Undercounting COVID-19 deaths

Apps|

* Aarogya Setu
* BlueTrace
* careFIJI
* Coronavirus Australia
* Corona-Warn-App
* COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application
* COVID Alert (Canada)
* COVID AlertSA (South Africa)
* COVIDSafe
* COVID Tracker Ireland
* Covid Watch
* Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing
* Exposure Notification
* Health Code
* Healthy Together
* Immuni
* Koronavilkku
* LeaveHomeSafe
* MySejahtera
* NHS COVID-19
* NZ COVID Tracer
* NZ Pass Verifier
* PathCheck
* PeduliLindungi
* SafeEntry
* SafePass
* StaySafe.ph
* SwissCovid
* TCN Protocol
* Test, Trace, Protect
* Thai Chana
* TousAntiCovid
* TraceTogether
* Valtrace
* Zoe Health Study

Prevention|

* Air purifier (Corsi–Rosenthal Box)
* Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
* COVID fatigue
* Evacuations
* Face masks
* Anti-mask sentiment
* United States
* Flattening the curve
* Great Barrington Declaration
* International aid
* Lockdowns
* Public health mitigation
* Safe Hands Challenge
* Social distancing
* Workplace hazard controls
* Zero-COVID

Vaccines|

| Topics|

* Authorizations
* Clinical research
* Deployment
* Development
* EU Certificate
* Misinformation and hesitancy
* Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates
* US
* Operation Warp Speed (U.S.)
* Post-vaccination complications
* Vaccine card
* Vaccine passports

|

Authorized|

| DNA|

* ZyCoV-D

|

Inactivated|

* Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
* CoronaVac
* Covaxin
* COVIran Barekat
* CoviVac (Russia)
* FAKHRAVAC
* Minhai
* QazCovid-in
* Sinopharm BIBP
* Sinopharm WIBP
* Turkovac
* Valneva

mRNA|

* Moderna
* Pfizer–BioNTech

Subunit|

* Abdala
* Corbevax (Bio E COVID-19)
* COVAX-19
* EpiVacCorona
* IndoVac
* MVC
* Noora
* Novavax
* Razi Cov Pars
* Sinopharm CNBG
* Soberana 02
* Soberana Plus
* ZF2001 (Zifivax)

Viral vector|

* Convidecia
* Janssen
* Oxford–AstraZeneca
* Sputnik V
* Sputnik Light

Virus-like particles|

* CoVLP

In trials|

| Attenuated|

* COVI-VAC (United States)

|

DNA|

* AG0302-COVID‑19
* GX-19
* Inovio

Inactivated|

* KD-414
* NDV-HXP-S

RNA|

* ARCT-021
* ARCT-154
* Bangavax
* CureVac (terminated)
* HGC019
* mRNA-1283
* PTX-COVID19-B
* Sanofi–Translate Bio (terminated)
* Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine
* Walvax

Subunit|

* 202-CoV
* AKS-452
* EuCorVac-19
* IVX-411
* Nanocovax
* ReCOV
* Sanofi–GSK
* S-268019
* SCB-2019
* SCTV01C
* Skycovione
* UB-612
* V-01
* V451 (terminated)
* Vabiotech
* West China Hospital
* Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech

Viral vector|

* AdCLD-CoV19
* BriLife
* COH04S1
* DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT
* GRAd-COV2
* ImmunityBio
* iNCOVACC
* INNA-051
* NDV-HXP-S
* Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine

Virus-like particles|

* ABNCoV2
* LYB001
* MigVax-101
* VBI-2902

Deployment
by location|

| Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Cameroon
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eswatini
* Ghana
* Morocco
* Nigeria
* Senegal
* South Africa
* Zimbabwe

|

Asia|

* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Mainland China
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Israel
* Japan
* Kazakhstan
* Malaysia
* Nepal
* Philippines
* Russia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates
* Vietnam

Europe|

* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Denmark
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Moldova
* Norway
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

North America|

* Canada
* Ontario
* Quebec
* Cuba
* Haiti
* Mexico
* United States
* mandates

Oceania|

* Australia
* Fiji
* New Zealand

South America|

* Argentina
* Brazil
* Colombia
* Peru

Others|

* Antarctica

Treatment|

* Drug development
* Drug repurposing research
* Baricitinib
* Dexamethasone
* Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
* Open-source ventilator
* PANORAMIC trial (UK)
* RECOVERY Trial (UK)
* Solidarity trial (WHO)

Monoclonal antibodies|

* Bamlanivimab/etesevimab
* Bamlanivimab
* Etesevimab
* Bebtelovimab
* Casirivimab/imdevimab
* Regdanvimab
* Sarilumab
* Sotrovimab
* Tixagevimab/cilgavimab
* Tocilizumab

Small molecule antivirals|

* Broad-spectrum
* Ensitrelvir
* Molnupiravir
* Remdesivir
* Co-packaged
* Nirmatrelvir
* ritonavir

Variants

| Specific|

* Alpha
* Beta
* Gamma
* Delta
* Epsilon
* Zeta
* Eta
* Theta
* Iota
* Kappa
* Lambda
* Mu
* Omicron
* timeline

|

General|

* Cluster 5
* Lineage B.1.617
* Lineage B.1.640.2
* Variant of concern

Institutions

| Hospitals and
medical clinics|

| Mainland China|

* Central Hospital of Wuhan
* Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre
* Fangcang hospitals
* Huoshenshan Hospital
* Leishenshan Hospital
* Xinjia Express Hotel
* Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital

|

Others|

* Hospital ships
* Garran Surge Centre (Australia)
* Hospital El Salvador
* SevenHills Hospital (India)
* Kemayoran Athletes Village (Indonesia)
* Pyongyang General Hospital (North Korea)
* Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (Malaysia)
* Mega Ligtas COVID Centers (Philippines)
* Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre (Sri Lanka)
* Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital (Turkey)
* Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital (Turkey)
* COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom
* NHS Nightingale Hospitals (England)
* Birmingham
* London
* North East
* North West
* Yorkshire and the Humber
* NHS Louisa Jordan (Scotland)
* Dragon's Heart Hospital (Wales)

Organizations|

* National Cabinet (Australia)
* ScienceUpFirst (Canada)
* Wuhan Institute of Virology (China)
* Independent SAGE (United Kingdom)

Health
institutes|

* Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (African Union)
* Ghana Infectious Disease Centre (Ghana)
* Department of Health (Hong Kong)
* Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (South Korea)
* National Institute for Communicable Diseases (South Africa)
* Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan)

Pandemic
institutes|

* National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board (Australia)
* COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Canada)
* COVID-19 Supply Council (Canada)
* PREPARE (European Union)
* National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19 (India)
* COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force (Indonesia)
* National Public Health Emergency Team (Ireland)
* Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting (Japan)
* Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (Malaysia)
* Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee (Philippines)
* Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (Philippines)
* Central Epidemic Command Center (Taiwan)
* Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board (Turkey)
* COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium (United Kingdom)
* Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team (United Kingdom)
* Joint Biosecurity Centre (United Kingdom)
* Vaccine Taskforce (United Kingdom)
* COVID-19 Advisory Board (United States)
* Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups (United States)
* White House Coronavirus Task Force (United States)
* White House COVID-19 Response Team (United States)
* GACH (Uruguay)

Relief funds|

* PM CARES Fund (India)
* SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund (India)
* Artist Relief (United States)

People

| Medical
professionals|

* Ai Fen
* Corona Rintawan
* Li Wenliang
* Liu Wen
* Xie Linka
* Zhang Wenhong

|

Researchers|

* Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud
* Roberto Burioni
* Chen Wei
* Kizzmekia Corbett
* Andrea Crisanti
* Peter Daszak
* Christian Drosten
* Neil Ferguson
* Dale Fisher
* George F. Gao
* Azra Ghani
* Sarah Gilbert
* Guan Yi
* Kentaro Iwata
* Katalin Karikó
* Matt Keeling
* Trudie Lang
* Li Lanjuan
* W. Ian Lipkin
* Ma Xiaowei
* Shabir Madhi
* Allison McGeer
* Camilla Rothe
* Shi Zhengli
* Moncef Slaoui
* Mike Tildesley
* John Todd
* Wang Chen
* Wang Guangfa
* Drew Weissman
* Yuen Kwok-yung
* Zeng Guang
* Zhang Jixian
* Zhang Yongzhen
* Zhong Nanshan

Officials|

| WHO|

* Tedros Adhanom (Director-General of the WHO)
* Bruce Aylward (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)
* Maria Van Kerkhove (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)
* Michael J. Ryan (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)

|

By location|

* Frank Atherton (Wales)
* Ashley Bloomfield (New Zealand)
* Catherine Calderwood (Scotland)
* Chang Shan-chwen (Taiwan)
* Anutin Charnvirakul (Thailand)
* Chen Shih-chung (Taiwan)
* Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching (Taiwan)
* Victor Costache (Romania)
* Fabrizio Curcio (Italy)
* Carmen Deseda (Puerto Rico)
* Jaap van Dissel (the Netherlands)
* Christian Drosten (Germany)
* Francisco Duque III (Philippines)
* Anthony Fauci (United States)
* Francesco Paolo Figliuolo (Italy)
* Graça Freitas (Portugal)
* Henrique Gouveia e Melo (Portugal)
* Matt Hancock (United Kingdom)
* Hamad Hasan (Lebanon)
* Greg Hunt (Australia)
* Tony Holohan (Ireland)
* Jeong Eun-kyeong (South Korea)
* Fahrettin Koca (Turkey)
* Li Keqiang (China)
* Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez (Mexico)
* Michael McBride (Northern Ireland)
* Oriol Mitjà (Andorra)
* Zweli Mkhize (South Africa)
* Doni Monardo (Indonesia)
* Alma Möller (Iceland)
* Saeed Namaki (Iran)
* Ala Nemerenco (Moldova)
* Nguyễn Thanh Long (Vietnam)
* Noor Hisham Abdullah (Malaysia)
* Ali Pilli (Northern Cyprus)
* Daniel Salinas (Uruguay)
* Jérôme Salomon (France)
* Fernando Simón (Spain)
* Gregor Smith (Scotland)
* Su Ih-jen (Taiwan)
* Łukasz Szumowski (Poland)
* Theresa Tam (Canada)
* Anders Tegnell (Sweden)
* Þórólfur Guðnason (Iceland)
* Sotiris Tsiodras (Greece)
* Harsh Vardhan (India)
* Víðir Reynisson (Iceland)
* Carla Vizzotti (Argentina)
* Vlad Voiculescu (Romania)
* Chris Whitty (United Kingdom)
* Lawrence Wong (Singapore)
* Jeff Zients (United States)

Others|

* Chen Qiushi
* Brett Crozier
* Fang Bin
* Fang Fang
* Joseph Ashitey Hammond
* Li Zehua
* Captain Tom Moore
* Qiu Menghuang
* Ren Zhiqiang

List of deaths due to COVID-19

Data (templates)

| Global|

* Cases, deaths, recoveries by country
* Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country
* Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision
* WHO situation reports
* cases
* January 2020
* February 2020
* March 2020
* April 2020
* May 2020
* June 2020
* July 2020
* August 2020
* September 2020
* October 2020
* November 2020
* December 2020
* January 2021
* February 2021
* March 2021
* April 2021
* May 2021
* June 2021
* July 2021
* August 2021
* deaths
* World map by countries: confirmed per capita
* China
* Hospital beds by country
* Lockdowns

|

Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Comoros
* Egypt
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Ghana
* cases chart
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Libya
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara)
* Mozambique
* Nigera
* cases chart
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* South Africa
* cases chart
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
* cases chart

Americas|

* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* by province
* vaccinations by province
* Chile
* by commune
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* cases chart
* Cuba
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Mexico
* cases chart
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* United States
* by state
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Artsakh
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* by division
* Bhutan
* cases chart
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* cases chart
* summary
* China
* cases chart
* confirmed per capita
* lockdowns
* by province
* Hong Kong
* Macau
* Cyprus
* East Timor
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* cases chart
* Iran
* cases chart
* Iraq
* Israel
* cases chart
* Japan
* cases chart
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Kuwait cases chart
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* cases chart
* charts
* Myanmar
* cases chart
* summary
* Nepal
* cases chart
* Oman
* cases chart
* Pakistan
* cases chart
* Philippines
* cases chart
* areas of quarantine
* vaccinations chart
* Qatar
* Russia
* cases chart
* by federal subject
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* cases chart
* vaccinations charts
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Taiwan
* vaccination charts
* Tajikistan
* Thailand cases chart
* Turkey
* cases chart
* United Arab Emirates
* cases chart
* Uzbekistan
* cases chart
* Vietnam
* statistics charts
* Yemen

Europe|

* Albania
* Austria
* cases chart
* Belarus
* Belgium
* cases chart
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* cases chart
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* cases chart
* Faroe Islands
* Estonia cases chart
* Finland
* France
* cases chart
* Germany cases chart
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* cases chart
* Ireland
* cases chart
* Italy
* cases chart
* statistics charts
* vaccinations chart
* Kosovo
* Latvia cases chart
* Lithuania cases chart
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* cases chart
* Poland
* cases chart
* by voivodeship
* Portugal
* cases chart
* Romania
* cases chart
* Russia
* cases chart
* by federal subject
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* cases chart
* by region
* Slovenia cases chart
* Spain cases chart
* Sweden
* cases chart
* Switzerland cases chart
* Turkey
* cases chart
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* Gibraltar
* vaccinations chart
* daily
* by nation
* Vatican City

Oceania|

* Australia by state/territory
* Fiji
* French Polynesia
* New Caledonia
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea
* Solomon Islands

Others|

* Antarctica
* Diamond Princess

Portals:

* Medicine
* Viruses
* COVID-19

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