Abraham Lincoln (captain)

For the 16th American president, his grandson, see Abraham Lincoln. For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

Grandfather of president Abraham Lincoln (1744–1786)

Abraham Lincoln

Born| (1744-05-13)May 13, 1744

Berks County, Pennsylvania, British America

Died| May 1786 (aged 42)[1]

Jefferson County, Virginia, U.S.
(now Jefferson County, Kentucky, U.S.)

Cause of death| Killed in action (gunshot wound)
Resting place| Long Run Baptist Church Cemetery, Eastwood, Kentucky, U.S.
38°15′17″N 85°24′48″W﻿ / ﻿38.254754°N 85.413315°W﻿ / 38.254754; -85.413315
Occupation(s)| Tanner, farmer
Known for| Grandfather and namesake of Abraham Lincoln
Title| Captain
Children| Mordecai Lincoln
Josiah Lincoln
Mary Lincoln
Thomas Lincoln
Nancy Lincoln
Parent(s)| John Lincoln
Rebekah Flowers
Relatives| Abraham Lincoln (grandson)
Signature

Captain Abraham Lincoln (May 13, 1744 – May 1786) was the paternal grandfather and namesake of the 16th U.S. president, Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was a military captain during the American Revolution, and a pioneer settler of Kentucky. Some historical sources attest his last name as Linkhorn, although neither Abraham nor his children ever signed themselves as such.[2]

## Origins

[edit]

Abraham Lincoln was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln (1622–1690), who was born in Hingham, Norfolk, England, and who, as a weaver's apprentice, emigrated to Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637. Abraham's father John Lincoln (1716–1788) was born in Monmouth County in the province of New Jersey, and grew up in the Schuylkill river valley in the province of Pennsylvania. Typical of his class, John Lincoln learned a trade, in his case weaving, to practice alongside the subsistence farming necessary on the colonial frontier. The Lincoln home farm on Hiester's Creek, in what is now Exeter Township, Berks County, was left to John's half-brothers, the children of his father's second marriage. In 1743, John Lincoln married Rebekah Morris (1720–1806), daughter of Enoch Flowers of Caernarvon Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Rebekah was the widow of James Morris and the mother of a young son, Jonathan Morris.[3][4][5]

## Early life and education

[edit]

Lincoln was born May 13, 1744, in what is now Berks County, Pennsylvania.[6] He was the first child born to John and Rebekah Lincoln, who had nine children in all: Abraham born 1744, twins Hannah and Lydia born 1748, Isaac born 1750, Jacob born 1751, John born 1755, Sarah born 1757, Thomas born 1761, and Rebekah born 1767.[7][8]

## Life

[edit]

Lincoln learned the tanner's trade and later took his brother John as his apprentice. A prominent tanner of Berks County in those days was James Boone (1709 – 1785), uncle to Daniel Boone. James Boone was a near neighbor to the Lincolns of Hiester's Creek, and his daughter Anne was married to John Lincoln's half-brother. This family connection may have influenced Abraham's choice of occupation.[3][9][10]

In 1768, his father John Lincoln purchased land in the Shenandoah Valley in the colony of Virginia. He settled his family on a 600-acre (2.4 km2) tract on Linville Creek in Augusta County (now Rockingham County). In 1773, John and Rebekah Lincoln divided their tract with their two eldest sons, Abraham and Isaac. Lincoln built a house on his land, across Linville Creek from his parents' home.[7]

Lincoln married Bathsheba Herring (c. 1742 – 1836), a daughter of Alexander Herring (c. 1708 – c. 1778) and his wife Abigail Harrison (c. 1710 – c. 1780) of Linville Creek.[11] The assertion that Lincoln was first married to Mary Shipley has been refuted.[12] Five children were born to Lincoln: Mordecai born circa 1771, Josiah born circa 1773, Mary born circa 1775, Thomas born 1778, and Nancy born 1780.[7][8]

During the American Revolutionary War, Lincoln served as a captain of the Augusta County militia, and with the organization of Rockingham County in 1778, he served as a captain for that county. He was in command of sixty of his neighbors, ready to be called out by the governor of Virginia and marched where needed. Captain Lincoln's company served under General Lachlan McIntosh in the fall and winter of 1778, assisting in the construction of Fort McIntosh in Pennsylvania and Fort Laurens in Ohio.

In 1780, Lincoln sold his land on Mill Creek, and in 1781 he moved his family to Kentucky, then a district of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The family settled in Jefferson County, about twenty miles (32 km) east of the site of Louisville. The territory was still contested by Native Americans living across the Ohio River. For protection the settlers lived near frontier forts, called stations, to which they retreated when the alarm was given. Lincoln settled near Hughes' Station on Floyd's Fork and began clearing land, planting corn, and building a cabin.[7][13] Lincoln owned at least 5,544 acres of land in the richest sections of Kentucky.[14]

## Death

[edit]

Modern grave marker at the traditional site of Lincoln's cabin

One day in May 1786, Lincoln was working in his field with his three sons when he was shot from the nearby forest and fell to the ground. The eldest boy, Mordecai, ran to the cabin where a loaded gun was kept, while the middle son, Josiah, ran to Hughes' Station for help. Thomas, the youngest, stood in shock by his father. From the cabin, Mordecai observed a Native American come out of the forest and stop by his father's body. The Native American reached for Thomas, either to kill him or to carry him off. Mordecai took aim and shot the Native American in the chest, killing him.[3][7]

Tradition states that Lincoln was buried next to his cabin, which is now the site of Long Run Baptist Church and Cemetery near Eastwood, Kentucky. A stone memorializing Lincoln was placed in the cemetery in 1937.[15]

Bathsheba Lincoln was left a widow with five underage children. She moved the family away from the Ohio River, to Washington County, where the country was more thickly settled and there was less danger of a Native American attack. Under the law then operating, Mordecai Lincoln, as the eldest son, inherited two-thirds of his father's estate when he reached the age of twenty-one, with Bathsheba receiving one-third. The other children inherited nothing. Life was hard, particularly for Thomas, the youngest, who got little schooling and was forced to go to work at a young age.[7][13]

In later years Thomas Lincoln would recount the story of the day his father died, to his son, Abraham Lincoln, the future sixteenth president of the United States of America. "The story of his death by the Indians," the president later wrote, "and of Uncle Mordecai, then fourteen years old, killing one of the Indians, is the legend more strongly than all others imprinted on my mind and memory."[16]

## See also

[edit]

* Lincoln family tree

## References

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### Notes

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1. ^ Donald, David Herbert (1995). Lincoln. New York City, New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-684-80846-8. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
2. ^ ABRAHAM LINCOLN OR LINKHORN. AN ARGUMENT, READ BY L. P. HENNIGHAUSEN AT THE YEARLY MEETING OF THE SOCIETY IN 1901.
3. ^ a b c Lea and Hutchinson.
4. ^ Abraham Lincoln in Pennsylvania. one of his brothers was named Jacob Lincoln
5. ^ Warren.
6. ^ Berks County was formed in 1752 from Philadelphia County, eight years after Abraham was born. Abraham's father, John Lincoln, had several residences in the Schuylkill valley after his marriage, and the possibility exists that Abraham was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
7. ^ a b c d e f Wayland.
8. ^ a b Harrison.
9. ^ Bogan.
10. ^ Guenther.
11. ^ Coleman, Charles H. (1959). "Lincoln's Lincoln Grandmother". Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. 52 (1): 59–90\. JSTOR 40189910. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
12. ^ The assertion that Abraham was first married to Mary Shipley was refuted by William E. Barton, The Lineage of Lincoln, 1929, pp. 71–73, 176, 178, 181–183. From pp. 71–72, regarding Robert and Mary Shipley of Lunenburg County, Virginia, and their alleged five daughters, "...these five daughters are not to be found in the Virginia records." Barton's final statement on the alleged Mary Shipley, page 182: "There is not a dot on an i nor the cross of a t in any contemporary record to show that Abraham Lincoln of Virginia had any other wife than Bathsheba. Mary Shipley Lincoln is a fictitious character."
13. ^ a b Tarbell.
14. ^ Donald, David Herbert (1995). Lincoln. New York: Touchstone. p. 21.
15. ^ Kentucky Historical Marker Database, marker number 101.
16. ^ Letter from A. Lincoln to Jesse Lincoln, 1 April 1854, Springfield, Illinois. Published in Lincoln, Speeches and Writings.

### Citations

[edit]

* "Abraham Lincoln in Pennsylvania". Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Archived from the original on 2007-11-23. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
* Barton, William E. (1929). "The Lineage of Lincoln" (scan). The Bobbs-Merrill Company. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
* Bogan, Dallas (2004). "The Pioneer Writings of Josiah Morrow". The Lincoln Family. Archived from the original (excerpt) on 17 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
* Guenther, Karen (2003). "The World of Moses Boone: The Economic Activity of a Berks County Tanner in the 1780s". The Historical Society of Berks County. Archived from the original (reprint) on 2008-03-08. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
* Harrison, John Houston (1935). Settlers By the Long Grey Trail. Dayton VA: Joseph K. Ruebush. pp. 282–286, 349–351.
* "Kentucky Historical Marker Database". Jefferson County. Kentucky Historical Society. 2002. Archived from the original on 1 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
* Lea, J. Henry; Hutchinson, John R. (1909). The Ancestry of Abraham Lincoln (Google book full text). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 63–64, 68–72, 76–77, 82–83.
* Lincoln, Abraham (1989). Fehrenbacher, Don E. (ed.). Speeches and Writings, 1832–1858 (Internet Archive limited preview). New York: Viking Press. pp. 299–301. ISBN 0-940450-43-7. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
* Tarbell, Ida M. (1896). The Early Life of Abraham Lincoln (Internet Archive full text). New York: S. S. McClure Ltd. pp. 24, 27, 29. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
* Warren, Louis A. (July 1931). "Abraham Lincoln, Senior, Grandfather of the President". Filson Club History Quarterly. 5 (3).
* Warren, Louis A. (1949). "The Lincolns of Berks County". The Historical Society of Berks County. Archived from the original (reprint) on 2008-03-08. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
* Warren, Louis A. (April 1938). "Three Generations of Kentucky Lincolns". Filson Club History Quarterly. 12 (2).
* Wayland, John W. (1987). The Lincolns in Virginia (reprint ed.). Harrisonburg VA: C.J. Carrier. pp. 24–57.
* Captain Abraham Lincoln of the Illinois militia

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* United States

Other|

* SNAC

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Abraham Lincoln

* 16th President of the United States (1861–1865)
* U.S. Representative for IL–7 (1847–1849)

Presidency|

* Transition
* First inauguration
* Perpetual Union
* Lincoln Bible
* Second inauguration
* Civil War
* Proclamation 80
* Confiscation Acts
* War based income tax
* Seaports blockade
* RMS Trent Affair
* Habeas Corpus suspended
* Emancipation Proclamation
* West Virginia statehood
* Overland Campaign strategy
* Hampton Roads Conference
* Tour of Richmond
* Ten percent plan
* Reconstruction
* Foreign policy
* 13th Amendment abolishing slavery
* Dakota War of 1862
* Department of the Northwest
* Homestead Act of 1862
* National Banking Acts
* Thanksgiving Day
* Fanny McCullough letter
* Birchard Letter
* Bixby letter
* National Academy of Sciences
* Department of Agriculture
* Pardons
* State of the Union Address, 1863
* 1864
* Cabinet
* Judicial appointments

Speeches|

* Lyceum address (1838)
* Peoria speech (1854)
* "Lost Speech" (1856)
* House Divided speech (1858)
* Lincoln–Douglas debates (1858)
* Cooper Union Address (1860)
* Farewell Address (1861)
* First inaugural address (1861)
* Gettysburg Address (1863, event)
* Second inaugural address (1865)

Life
and views|

* Early life and career
* Black Hawk War
* Matson Trial
* Spot Resolutions
* Boat lifting patent
* Hurd v. Rock Island Bridge Co.
* Baltimore Plot
* Lincoln's beard
* Medical and mental health
* Poetry
* Political career, 1849–1861
* Religious views
* Sexuality
* Slavery

Homes
and places|

* Lincoln Birthplace
* Knob Creek Farm
* Lincoln Boyhood Memorial
* Lincoln State Park
* Little Pigeon Creek Community
* Lincoln Trail Homestead State Memorial
* Lincoln's New Salem
* Lincoln-Berry General Store
* Lincoln Home
* Cottage at the Soldier's Home
* Lincoln Bedroom
* Lincoln Sitting Room
* Lincoln Pioneer Village
* Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site

Elections|

* Republican National Convention, 1856
* 1860
* 1864
* National Union Party
* 1860 United States presidential election
* 1864
* 1860 campaign song

Assassination|

* Ford's Theater
* Our American Cousin
* opera
* John Wilkes Booth
* "Sic semper tyrannis"
* Petersen House
* State funeral
* Lincoln catafalque
* Lincoln Tomb
* "O Captain! My Captain!"
* "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd"

Legacy and
memorials|

* Presidential Library and Museum
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* Bibliography
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* Cultural depictions
* films
* Art
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* Illinois Centennial half dollar
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* Postage stamps
* Abraham Lincoln Association
* Abraham Lincoln Institute
* Association of Lincoln Presenters
* USS Abraham Lincoln (1960,
* 1988)
* Here I Grew Up mosaic
* Lincoln Highway
* Lincoln, Nebraska
* Lincoln Park (Chicago)
* Lincoln Park (D.C.)
* Lincoln Prize
* Lincoln Heritage Trail
* Lincoln Trail State Memorial
* Mount Abraham
* Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences
* Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln
* White House ghost

| Statues|

* Lincoln Memorial
* statue
* reflecting pool
* Mount Rushmore
* Abraham Lincoln: The Man
* Abraham Lincoln: The Head of State
* Lincoln the Lawyer
* Young Abe Lincoln
* Emancipation Memorial
* Brooklyn relief
* Cincinnati
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* Hodgenville, Kentucky
* Indianapolis relief
* Laramie, Wyoming
* Lincoln, Nebraska
* Los Angeles
* Louisville, Kentucky
* Newark, New Jersey
* New York City
* Parliament Square, London
* Philadelphia
* Rochester
* U.S. Capitol bust
* U.S. Capitol statue
* Wabash, Indiana

|

Family|

* Family tree
* Mary Todd Lincoln (wife)
* Robert Todd Lincoln (son)
* Edward Baker Lincoln (son)
* William Wallace Lincoln (son)
* Thomas "Tad" Lincoln III (son)
* Mary Todd "Mamie" Lincoln (granddaughter)
* Jessie Harlan Lincoln (granddaughter)
* Thomas Lincoln (father)
* Nancy Hanks Lincoln (mother)
* Sarah Bush Lincoln (stepmother)
* Sarah Lincoln Grigsby (sister)
* Abraham Lincoln (grandfather)
* Mordecai Lincoln (uncle)
* Mary Lincoln Crume (aunt)
* John Hanks (cousin)
* Joseph Hanks (great-grandfather)
* Samuel Lincoln (17th-century ancestor)
* Mary Lincoln Beckwith (great-granddaughter)
* Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith (great-grandson)
* Old Bob (horse)
* Fido (dog)

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