Accession of Moldova to the European Union

Ongoing accession process of Moldova to the EU

This article is about the accession process of Moldova to the European Union. For the formal international relations between the European Union and Moldova, see Moldova–European Union relations.

Accession of Moldova to the European Union

Status| Candidate negotiating
Earliest possible entry| 2030

Application

Potential candidate| 17 June 2022
Membership application| 3 March 2022
Candidate status| 23 June 2022
Screened & negotiations commence| 25 June 2024

Negotiations

Clusters unopen| 6
Chapters unopen| 35
Clusters open| 0
Chapters open| 0
Clusters closed| 0
Chapters closed| 0

Memberships & Treaties

Association Agreement
1 July 2016
Economic and monetary policy
EU Free Trade Agreement| Free trade area part of the Moldova-EU Association Agreement
World Trade Organization (WTO)| The Republic of Moldova has been a member of WTO since 26 July 2001[1]
Euro & the Eurozone| The euro is widely accepted in Moldova, although it has no formal approval, and the official currency of the country is the Moldovan leu
Travel
Energy
Energy Community| Member since March 2010
Euratom| The Republic of Moldova has no nuclear power plants and research reactors and has no plans to introduce in the near future nuclear energy as an option for power generation or any research instrument.[2]
ENTSO-E| Moldelectrica has been an Observer Member since 22 November 2023[3]
Foreign and military policy
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)|

* Individual Partnership Action Plan since 19 May 2006
* Neutrality is enshrined in Moldova's Constitution, meaning NATO accession is unlikely, excluding a constitutional reform

Main article: Moldova–NATO relations

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)| Member since 30 January 1992
Human rights and international courts
Council of Europe (CoE)| Moldova became a member of the Council of Europe on 13 July 1995[4]
International Criminal Court (ICC)| On 12 October 2010, the Republic of Moldova confirmed ratification of the Rome Statute.[5]
International Court of Justice (ICJ)| Moldova has been entitled to appear before the Court since 2 March 1992.

Impact (27+1)

| Population| 446,828,803| 450,900,630
0.5%

|
|

Area| 4,233,262 km2
1,634,472 mi2| 4,267,105 km2
1,647,539 mi2

incl. Transnistria
HDI| 0.896| 0.891  0.5%
GDP (PPP)| $25.399 trillion| $25.821 trillion  1.6%
GDP per capita (PPP)| $56,928| $57,625  1.2%
GDP| $17.818 trillion| $17.834 trillion  0.1%
GDP per capita| $39,940| $39,552  0.1%
Gini| 30.0| 29.86  0.1%
Official Languages| 24| 24 (no changes)
Romanian is the official language of Moldova and it is already an official language of the EU since Romania acceded to the EU in 2007.

Politics of Moldova

Government of Moldova

* * *

Constitution

* Human rights
* Neutrality

Parliament

* President

Igor Grosu

Judiciary

* Constitutional Court
* Supreme Court

Executive

* President

Maia Sandu
* Prime Minister

Dorin Recean
* Cabinet

Recean Cabinet

Administrative divisions

Elections

*     * Presidential: 2016
* 2020
* 2024

*     * Parliamentary:
* 2019
* 2021
* Next

* Political parties

Foreign relations

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Minister: Mihai Popșoi

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of / in Moldova

* * *

* Nationality law
* Passport
* Visa requirements
* Visa policy

* * *

* Moldova–European Union relations
* Moldova–NATO relations
* Moldova–Romania relations
* Moldova–Russia relations
* Moldova–Ukraine relations

Moldova portal

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

The accession of Moldova to the European Union (EU) is on the current agenda for future enlargement of the EU.

Following an application by Moldova in March 2022, Moldova was officially granted candidate status by the EU on 22 June 2022.

Moldova set a target date of 2030 for EU Accession.[6]

On 14 December 2023, the European Council decided to open accession negotiations with Moldova.[7] It is one of nine current EU candidate countries, together with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey and Ukraine. Accession negotiations officially began on 25 June 2024, simultaneously with those with Ukraine.[8][9]

## History

[edit]

Main article: Moldova–European Union relations

Moldovan President Maia Sandu with President of the European Council Charles Michel in Brussels, 29 April 2024

### European perspective

[edit]

The European Parliament passed a resolution in 2014 stating that "in accordance with Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine, as well as any other European country, have a European perspective and can apply for EU membership in compliance with the principles of democracy, respect for fundamental freedoms and human rights, minority rights and ensuring the rule of rights".[10]

### Membership application

[edit]

After the outbreak of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, President of Moldova Maia Sandu signed the application for EU membership on 3 March 2022, together with Igor Grosu, President of the Moldovan Parliament; and Natalia Gavrilița, Prime Minister of Moldova.[11]

### Questionnaire

[edit]

On 11 April 2022, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Moldova Nicu Popescu received a questionnaire from the European Commission (EC) following a meeting with the European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Olivér Várhelyi as a result of Moldova's application for candidacy.[12] The response to the first part of the questionnaire was submitted back to the EC through the Delegation of the European Union to Moldova's head Janis Mazeiks by the Prime Minister of Moldova Natalia Gavrilița on 22 April,[13] while the responses to the second part were submitted on 12 May 2022.[14]

### Recommendation

[edit]

On 17 June 2022, the European Commission formally recommended that the European Council grant the Republic of Moldova the perspective to become a member of the European Union and candidate status for accession, with a number of conditions for the opening of accession negotiations.[citation needed]

### Candidacy

[edit]

On 23 June 2022, Moldova received the status of candidate together with Ukraine. Both countries received candidate status under the commitment of structural reforms. Moldova's structural reforms include:

1. improving economic efficiency
2. reducing corruption
3. better enforcing property rights
4. reducing the size of state-owned enterprises
5. improving energy efficiency
6. improving the labour market

On 22 June 2023, EU Neighbourhood and Enlargement Commissioner Olivér Várhelyi provided an oral update on Moldova's progress toward the reforms.[15]

On 13 September 2023, during the State of the European Union Address, President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen stated that the future of Moldova is "in our Union".[16]

On 20 October 2024, Moldova narrowly voted to amend its constitution to include the aim of becoming a European Union member state in the 2024 Moldovan European Union membership constitutional referendum.

## Negotiations

[edit]

The 2023 enlargement package report was released by the European Commission on 8 November 2023, including updates on Moldova's acquis alignment and a recommendation for the Council to open accession negotiations.[17][18]

On 14 December 2023, the European Council decided to open accession negotiations with Moldova.[7] On 21 June 2024, the European Union agreed to start membership negotiations with Ukraine.[8][19] Accession negotiations officially opened on 25 June 2024, at the same time as those with Ukraine.[8][9] Accession negotiations on the first cluster, Fundamentals, were expected to be officially opened in April 2025.[20]

Chapter and screening dates  Progression | 29 / 33 | 87.9% complete

| |

|

29 / 33 | 87.9% complete

| |

|

0 / 33 | 0% complete

0 / 33 | 0% complete

Acquis chapter[21] | Screening started | Screening completed | Chapter opened | Chapter closed
Overview | 29 out of 33 | 29 out of 33 | 0 out of 33 | 0 out of 33
1\. Free Movement of Goods | 2025-02-18[22] | 2025-02-21[23][24] |  |
2\. Freedom of Movement For Workers | 2024-12-03[25] | 2024-12-03[26] |  |
3\. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services | 2024-12-05[27][28] | 2024-12-06[29] |  |
4\. Free Movement of Capital | 2024-12-16[30] | 2024-12-16[31] |  |
5\. Public Procurement | 2024-07-09[32] | 2024-07-11[33] |  |
6\. Company Law | 2025-03-20[34] | 2025-03-20[35][36] |  |
7\. Intellectual Property Law | 2024-12-17[37] | 2024-12-18[38][39] |  |
8\. Competition Policy | 2025-01-20[40] | 2025-01-22[41] |  |
9\. Financial Services | 2025-02-03[42][43] | 2025-02-04[44] |  |
10\. Information Society & Media | 2025-03-27[45] | 2025-03-28[46] |  |
11\. Agriculture & Rural Development | 2025-09-15[47] | 2025-09-17[47] |  |
12\. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy | 2025-09-08[47] | 2025-09-12[47] |  |
13\. Fisheries | 2025-06-02[47][48] | 2025-06-03[49] |  |
14\. Transport Policy | 2025-06-10[50][51] | 2025-06-13[52] |  |
15\. Energy | 2025-07-10[53][54] | 2025-07-11[53][55] |  |
16\. Taxation | 2025-05-15[56][57] | 2025-05-16[58][59] |  |
17\. Economic & Monetary Policy | 2025-05-21[60][61] | 2025-05-21[62][63] |  |
18\. Statistics | 2024-11-13[64] | 2024-11-14[65] |  |
19\. Social Policy & Employment | 2025-04-03[66] | 2025-04-04[67] |  |
20\. Enterprise & Industrial Policy | 2025-05-22[68] | 2025-05-23[69] |  |
21\. Trans-European Networks | 2025-06-10[50][51] | 2025-07-11[52][70] |  |
22\. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments |  |  |  |
23\. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights | 2024-10-15[71] | 2024-10-17[72] |  |
24\. Justice, Freedom & Security | 2024-09-23[73] | 2024-09-26[74] |  |
25\. Science & Research | 2025-05-12[75] | 2025-05-12[76] |  |
26\. Education & Culture | 2025-05-13[77][78] | 2025-05-13[79] |  |
27\. Environment & Climate Change | 2025-06-30[80][81] | 2025-07-04[81] |  |
28\. Consumer & Health Protection | 2025-03-17[82] | 2025-03-19[83] |  |
29\. Customs Union | 2025-04-07[84] | 2025-04-08[85] |  |
30\. External Relations | 2025-02-05[86] | 2025-02-05[87] |  |
31\. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy | 2025-03-21[88][89] | 2025-03-21[90] |  |
32\. Financial Control | 2024-10-14[91] | 2024-10-14 |  |
33\. Financial & Budgetary Provisions | 2025-09-22[92] |  |  |
34\. Institutions | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A
35\. Other Issues | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A
Report history  Clusters | Acquis Chapter | February 2023 Report[93] | November 2023 Report[94] | October 2024 Report[95]

|
|
|
|

1\. Fundamentals  | Public administration reform  | \-  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
23\. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights | \-  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
24\. Justice, Freedom & Security | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
Economic criteria  | \-  | Early stage / Some  | Early stage / Some
5\. Public Procurement | Early stage  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
18\. Statistics | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
32\. Financial Control | Early stage  | Early stage  | Early stage
2\. Internal Market  | 1\. Free Movement of Goods | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
2\. Freedom of Movement For Workers | Early stage  | Early stage  | Early stage
3\. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
4\. Free Movement of Capital | Some level of preparation  | Some / Moderate  | Some / Moderate
6\. Company Law | Early stage  | Early stage / Some  | Early stage / Some
7\. Intellectual Property Law | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
8\. Competition Policy | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
9\. Financial Services | Early stage  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
28\. Consumer & Health Protection | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
3\. Competitiveness
and inclusive growth  | 10\. Digital transformation & Media | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
16\. Taxation | Early stage  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
17\. Economic & Monetary Policy | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
19\. Social Policy & Employment | Early stage  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
20\. Enterprise & Industrial Policy | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
25\. Science & Research | Moderately prepared  | Moderately prepared  | Moderately prepared
26\. Education & Culture | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some / Moderate
29\. Customs Union | Some level of preparation  | Some / Moderate  | Moderately prepared
4\. Green agenda
and sustainable connectivity  | 14\. Transport | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
15\. Energy | Some level of preparation  | Some / Moderate  | Moderately prepared
21\. Trans-European Networks | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
27\. Environment & Climate Change | Early stage  | Early stage  | Early stage / Some
5\. Resources, agriculture
and cohesion  | 11\. Agriculture & Rural Development | Early stage  | Early stage  | Early stage
12\. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation  | Some level of preparation
13\. Fisheries | Early stage  | Early stage  | Early stage
22\. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments | Early stage  | Early stage  | Some level of preparation
33\. Financial & Budgetary Provisions | Early stage  | Early stage  | Early stage
6\. External relations  | 30\. External Relations | Moderately prepared  | Moderately prepared  | Moderately prepared
31\. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy | Moderately prepared  | Moderate / Good  | Moderate / Good
| 34\. Institutions | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
35\. Other Issues | N/A  | N/A  | N/A
Legend:

Well advanced

Good / Well advanced

Good level of preparation

Moderate / Good

Moderately prepared

Some / Moderate

Some level of preparation

Early stage / Some

Early stage

## Challenges

[edit]

According to Octavian Calmîc, who served as Moldova's Minister of Economy from 2016 to 2017, the accession of Moldova to the EU presents potential benefits but also risks. These include the loss of agricultural productivity due to the concentration of land ownership and business operations in multinational corporations, similar to what has occurred in other EU countries. Calmîc has said that the loss of agricultural productivity could lead to a reduction in domestic food production and job losses in rural areas. Additionally, Moldova's local industries face challenges, particularly the risk of decreased competitiveness in both domestic and international markets, which could result in plant closures and unemployment. Furthermore, the energy sector is vulnerable, as Moldova may face high energy prices and a lack of investment in energy infrastructure, according to Calmîc.[96]

## Treaties

[edit]

### Association Agreement

[edit]

Main article: Moldova–European Union Association Agreement

The EU Association Agreement (AA) was initialed on 29 November 2013 in Brussels.[97] It was signed on 27 June 2014 and was being provisionally applied (in particular the DCFTA) starting 1 September 2014.

On 1 July 2016, the Association Agreement (AA) between the European Union and the Republic of Moldova fully came into force, following ratification by all 31 signatories.[98]

The parties committed to co-operate and converge economic policy, legislation, and regulation across a broad range of areas, including equal rights for workers, the exchange of information and staff in the area of justice, the modernisation of Moldova's energy infrastructure, and access to the European Investment Bank. The parties committed to regular summit meetings, and meetings among ministers, other officials, and experts.[citation needed]

The Association Agreement commits Moldova to economic, judicial and financial reforms to converge its policies and legislation to those of the European Union.[citation needed]

The 30 parties are Moldova, the EU and Euratom and the 27 EU members.[citation needed]

#### Ratification

[edit]

Ratification history  Signatory | Date  | Institution  |  |  | AB | Deposited[99] | Reference

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Austria | 8 July 2015  | National Council | Approved  | 28 August 2015  | [100]
23 July 2015  | Federal Council | Approved  | [100]
| Presidential Assent | Granted  |
Belgium
23 April 2015  | Chamber of Representatives | 102  | 17  | 18  | 1 February 2016  | [101][102]
| Royal Assent (federal law)  |  |
1 July 2015  |  | Walloon
Parliament | (regional)
(community)

|

63  | 2  | 4  | [103]
61  | 2  | 4  | [103]
22 June 2015  | German-speaking Community | 16  | 2  | 1  | [104]
24 June 2015  | French Community | 71  | 0  | 8  | [105]
20 November 2015  | Brussels Regional Parliament | 69  | 3  | 3  | [106][107]
20 November 2015  |  | Brussels United
Assembly[108] | (FR language)
(NL language)

|

53  | 3  | 1  | [109][110]
14  | 0  | 2  | [109][110]
17 June 2015  |  | Flemish
Parliament | (regional)
(community)

|

83  | 18  |  | [111]
88  | 19  |  | [111]
24 June 2015  | COCOF Assembly  | 71  | 0  | 8  | [112][113]
Bulgaria | 24 July 2014  | National Assembly | 91  | 0  | 0  | 9 September 2014  | [114]
28 July 2014  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [115]
Croatia | 12 December 2014  | Parliament | 119  | 0  | 0  | 24 March 2015  | [116]
18 December 2014  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [117]
Cyprus | 7 May 2015  | House of Representatives | Approved  | 18 August 2015  | [118]
22 May 2015  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [119]
Czech Republic | 18 March 2015  | Senate | 53  | 0  | 10  | 12 June 2015  | [120]
9 April 2015  | Chamber of Deputies | 122  | 0  | 6  | [120]
19 May 2015  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [121]
Denmark | 18 December 2014  | Parliament | 101  | 8  | 0  | 18 February 2015  | [122]
Estonia | 4 November 2014  | Assembly | 62  | 0  | 0  | 12 January 2015  | [123][124]
13 November 2014  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [125]
European Union and EAEC | 13 November 2014  | European Parliament | 535  | 94  | 44  | 19 April 2016 (EAEC)
23 May 2016 (EU)  | [126]
| Council of the European Union |  |
Finland | 10 March 2015  | Parliament | Approved  | 6 May 2015  | [127]
24 April 2015  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [128]
France | 3 March 2015  | Senate | Approved  | 3 July 2015  | [129]
16 April 2015  | National Assembly | Approved  | [129]
27 April 2015  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [129]
Germany | 8 May 2015  | Bundesrat | Approved  | 22 July 2015  | [130]
26 March 2015  | Federal Diet | Approved  | [131]
27 May 2015  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [132]
Greece | 18 November 2015  | Parliament | Approved  | 6 January 2016  | [133]
24 November 2015  | Presidential Promulgation | Granted  | [134]
Hungary | 25 November 2014  | National Assembly | 133  | 0  | 6  | 7 April 2015  | [135]
5 December 2014  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [135]
Ireland | 27 January 2015  | Dáil Éireann | 58  | 19  | 0  | 17 April 2015  | [136]
Italy | 26 November 2015  | Senate | 151  | 35  | 11  | 3 February 2016  | [137]
29 July 2015  | Chamber of Deputies | 314  | 88  | 36  | [137]
7 December 2015  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [138]
Latvia | 14 July 2014  | Parliament | 79  | 0  | 0  | 2 October 2014  | [139]
18 July 2014  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [140]
Lithuania | 8 July 2014  | Parliament | 84  | 0  | 1  | 29 July 2014  | [141]
11 July 2014  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [142]
Luxembourg | 18 March 2015  | Chamber of Deputies | 55  | 2  | 0  | 12 May 2015  | [143]
12 April 2015  | Grand Ducal Promulgation | Granted  | [144]
Malta | 21 August 2014  | House of Representatives | Approved  | 29 August 2014  | [145][146][147]
Moldova | 2 July 2014  | Parliament | 59  | 4  | 0  | 23 July 2014  | [148]
8 July 2014  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [149]
Netherlands | 7 July 2015  | Senate | Adopted  | 21 September 2015  | [150]
7 April 2015  | House of Representatives | Adopted  | [151]
28 July 2015  | Royal Promulgation | Granted  | [150]
Poland | 18 December 2014  | Senate | 79  | 0  | 0  | 24 March 2015  | [152]
5 December 2014  | House of Representatives | 420  | 0  | 0  | [153][154]
29 December 2014  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [155]
Portugal | 20 March 2015  | National Assembly | Approved  | 13 May 2015  | [156]
22 April 2015  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [157]
Romania | 2 July 2014  | Chamber of Deputies | 284  | 1  | 1  | 14 July 2014  | [158]
3 July 2014  | Senate | 122  | 0  | 0  | [159]
9 July 2014  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [160]
Slovakia | 23 September 2014  | National Council | 117  | 0  | 0  | 21 October 2014  | [161]
16 October 2014  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [162]
Slovenia | 13 May 2015  | National Assembly | 70  | 3  | 0  | 27 July 2015  | [163][164]
21 May 2015  | Presidential Assent | Granted  | [165]
Spain | 27 May 2015  | Senate | Approved  | 28 July 2015  | [166]
30 April 2015  | Congress of Deputies | 303  | 0  | 1  | [167]
| Royal Assent | Granted  |
Sweden | 26 November 2014  | Parliament | 249  | 44  | 0  | 9 January 2015  | [168]
United Kingdom | 9 March 2015  | House of Lords | Approved  | 8 April 2015  | [169]
23 February 2015  | House of Commons | Approved  | [170]
19 March 2015  | Royal Assent | Order Made  | [171]

#### Malta

[edit]

The ratification was performed in accordance with article 4(2)(b) of the Maltese European Union Act,[145] which reads that:

> "Provided that with regard to treaties and international conventions which Malta may accede to as Member State of the European Union, and treaties and international conventions which Malta is bound to ratify in its own name or on behalf of the European Community by virtue of its membership within the European Union, these shall come into force one month following their being submitted in order to be discussed by the Standing Committee on Foreign and European Affairs."[146]

As the treaty was submitted to the Standing Committee on Foreign and European Affairs on 21 July 2014,[147] the treaty came into force as part of the Maltese legislation on 21 August 2014.[citation needed]

#### United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

[edit]

The ratification was based on The European Union (Definition of Treaties) (Association Agreement) (Moldova) Order 2015, made in accordance with section 1(3) of the European Communities Act 1972, after having been approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.

The agreement applied to the United Kingdom as an EU-member state until Brexit on 31 January 2020. During the transition period that followed Brexit, the agreement until 31 December 2020, the agreement still applied to the UK. The UK and Moldova announced on 8 October 2020 an agreement replacing the EU-Moldova Association Agreement between them,[172] which was provisionally applied from 1 January 2021.[173]

### Free trade area

[edit]

The agreement established a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) between the EU and Moldova, including "the removal of import duties for most goods traded between the EU and Moldova" and "broad mutual access to trade in services for both partners".[174]

## Public opinion

[edit]

A poll in June 2018 found that 46% preferred that Moldova join the EU versus 36% that preferred to join the Eurasian Economic Union.[175] A March 2022 survey conducted by Magenta Consulting found that, after president Maia Sandu announced that her government had officially submitted an application for membership of the European Union, 61% of Moldovans (40% 'totally', 21% 'rather') were in favour of EU membership, up from 52% before the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[176]

Date  | Question  | Totally support  | Rather support  | Rather don't support  | Don't support at all  | Don't know/No answer

|
|
|
|
|
|

March 2022[177] | EU membership  | 40%  | 21%  | 10%  | 21%  | 8%

In May 2022, a poll in Moldova found that 56.1% supported EU membership.[178]

Two July 2023 polls in Moldova showed respectively 63% support[179] and 59% support[180] for Moldova joining the EU.

A referendum on changing the constitution to include EU accession as a goal took place on 20 October 2024. There were no voting stations in Transnistria; however, residents there were free to travel to other areas of Moldova to vote.[181] A small majority supported the referendum.[182][183][184]

### Gagauzia

[edit]

On 2 February 2014, the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia held two referendums on European integration. In one, 98.4% voted in favour of joining the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia, while in the second 97.2% opposed further integration with the EU. 98.9% also supported the proposition that Gagauzia could declare independence if Moldova unified with Romania.[185] There is concern in Gagauzia that Moldova's integration with the EU could lead to such a unification with EU member Romania, which is unpopular in the autonomous region.[186]

## Schengen visa liberalisation

[edit]

Moldova citizens have been able to travel to the Schengen area from 28 April 2014 without a visa. However, beginning in 2025, Moldovans will need to comply with the EU's ETIAS system before entering any of the EU/Schengen member countries.[187] The application of the new rule was postponed to at least April 2027.[188]

## Unification of Moldova and Romania

[edit]

Main article: Unification of Moldova and Romania

There is some support for the unification of Moldova and Romania, which would incorporate the current territory of Moldova into Romania and thus into the EU.[189] About 44% of the Moldovans that were polled in 2021 supported such a scenario.[190]

## Impact of joining

[edit]

Member countries  | Population[191] | Area (km2)  | GDP
(US$)[192] | GDP
per capita (US$)  | Languages

|
|
|
|
|

Moldova | 2,512,758  | 30,334  | 16 billion  | 6,410  | Romanian
EU27  | 447,007,596  | 4,233,262  | 17.046 trillion  | 38,134  | 24
EU27+1  | 449,520,896
(+0.56%) | 4,263,113
(+0.71%) | 17.062 trillion
(+0.09%) | 37,825
(−0.81%) | 24

## See also

[edit]

* Moldova-European Union relations
* Moldova–European Union Association Agreement
* Moldova–Romania relations
* Association Trio
* Enlargement of the European Union
* European Moldova National Assembly
* Future enlargement of the European Union
* Accession of Armenia to the European Union
* Armenia–European Union relations
* Accession of Georgia to the European Union
* Georgia–European Union relations
* Accession of Ukraine to the European Union
* Ukraine–European Union relations
* Moldova–NATO relations

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "The Republic of Moldova and the WTO". World Trade Organization. 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
2. ^ "The Fourth National Report of the Republic of Moldova for the Seventh Review Meeting of the Convention on Nuclear Safety" (PDF). Republic of Moldova National Agency on Regulation of Nuclear and Radiological Activities. 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2023 – via International Atomic Energy Agency.
3. ^ "ENTSO-E welcomes Moldelectrica as an Observer Member". ENTSO-E. 22 November 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
4. ^ "Republic of Moldova and the Council of Europe". Council of Europe. 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
5. ^ "Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute - Republic of Moldova". International Criminal Court. 4 May 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
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## External links

[edit]

* europa.eu foreign relations Moldova-EU
* Delegation of the European Commission to Moldova site Archived 2010-01-08 at the Wayback Machine
* www.mfa.md - Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Moldova RM-EU relations page Archived 2008-04-03 at the Wayback Machine

* v
* t
* e

Enlargement and partners of the European Union

Previous enlargements|

* 1973 (Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom)
* 1981 (Greece)
* 1986 (Portugal, Spain)
* 1995 (Austria, Finland, Sweden)
* 2004 (Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia)
* 2007 (Bulgaria, Romania)
* 2013 (Croatia)
* Statistics

Candidates|

| Negotiating|

| Screened|

* Albania
* status
* Montenegro
* status
* Moldova
* status
* relations
* North Macedonia
* status
* Serbia
* status
* Ukraine
* status
* relations

|

Pre-negotiations|

* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* status
* Georgia
* status
* relations

Suspended negotiations|

* Turkey
* status
* relations

Potential candidates|

* Kosovo
* status

Partnerships|

| Eastern Partnership|

* Armenia
* status
* relations
* Azerbaijan
* relations
* Belarus (suspended)
* relations

|

Northern Dimension|

* Iceland
* relations
* Norway
* relations
* Russia
* relations

Customs union|

* Andorra
* relations
* Monaco
* relations
* San Marino
* relations

Free trade agreements|

* Liechtenstein
* relations
*  Switzerland
* relations
* United Kingdom
* relations
* Trade and Cooperation Agreement

Other geographically
European countries|

* Kazakhstan
* relations
* Vatican City
* relations

* Current membership
* Criteria
* Withdrawal
* Brexit

* v
* t
* e

Foreign relations of Moldova

Americas|

* United States

Asia|

* China
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* India
* Israel
* Turkey

Europe|

* Austria
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* Greece
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* Romania
* Russia
* Serbia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

Multilateral|

* European Union
* Accession negotiations
* NATO

Disputes|

* Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity
* Transnistria conflict
* Moldovan–Transnistrian relations

Diplomatic missions|

* Diplomatic missions of Moldova / in Moldova
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration

* v
* t
* e

Foreign relations of the European Union

Bilateral relations

See also: Economic relationships with third countries

Africa|

* Algeria
* Cape Verde
* Egypt
* Libya
* Morocco
* South Africa
* Sudan
* Tunisia

Americas|

* Argentina
* trade
* Brazil
* Canada
* Colombia
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* Greenland
* Mexico
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* United States
* Uruguay

Asia|

* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* China
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Nepal
* North Korea
* Pakistan
* Palestine†
* Philippines
* South Korea
* Syria
* Taiwan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

Europe|

| Internal|

* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Poland
* Slovenia

|

External|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Accession negotiations
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Faroe Islands
* Georgia
* Accession negotiations
* Iceland
* Kosovo†
* Liechtenstein
* Moldova
* Accession negotiations
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* North Macedonia
* Northern Cyprus†
* Norway
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Sovereign Military Order of Malta
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Accession negotiations
* Ukraine
* Accession negotiations
* United Kingdom
* Vatican City

Oceania|

* Australia
* Micronesia
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea

Former|

* Yugoslavia

General|

* Overseas territories of member states
* European microstates
* Largest trading partners
* Association Agreements
* Free trade agreements
* European Union Sanctions

* †= Disputed state, may not be recognised as an independent state by some or all European Union members.

Multilateral relations and initiatives

| Organisations|

* Arab League
* ASEAN
* Council of Europe
* ECHR
* G7
* ICC
* IOC
* Mercosur
* NATO
* UN

|

Initiatives|

* African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States
* Asia–Europe Meeting
* CARIFORUM
* Customs Union
* Eastern Partnership
* Energy Community
* Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly
* European Common Aviation Area
* European Economic Area
* Euro-Mediterranean free trade area
* Euro-Mediterranean Partnership
* Euronest
* Economic Partnership Agreements
* EU CBRN Risk Mitigation CoE Initiative
* Neighbourhood Policy
* Northern Dimension
* Mediterranean Union
* Stabilisation and Association Process

Administration and policies

| Foreign and Security Policy|

* Global Strategy
* Neighbourhood Policy
* Enlargement
* Security and Defence Policy

|

Administration|

* Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department
* Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development
* External Action Service
* Foreign Affairs Council
* High Representative Josep Borrell
* Parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee
* Foreign Policy Instruments Service
* Diplomatic missions of the EU (ambassadors) / to the EU
* Special Representatives

Funding|

* Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
* Global Europe

* v
* t
* e

Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union

Leadership|

* High Representative
* Director General of the Military Staff/Director of the Military Planning and Conduct Capability
* Director of the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability
* Chairman of the Military Committee
* European Council
* Foreign Affairs Council

Structure|

| External Action Service|

* Command structure on the civilian/military strategic and operational levels (Military Planning and Conduct Capability within the Military Staff, Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability, Joint Support Coordination Cell)
* Intelligence and Situation Centre (Club de Berne)
* Crisis Management and Planning Directorate
* Security & Defence College

|

Agencies|

* Defence Agency
* Institute for Security Studies
* Satellite Centre

Council preparatory bodies|

* Committee of Permanent Representatives
* Political and Security Committee
* Politico-Military Group
* Military Committee
* Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management

European Commission bodies|

* Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space

Funding|

* Defence Fund

Policies|

* Security Strategy
* Everything but Arms
* Annual Review

Equipment|

* Galileo navigation system
* Secure Software-defined Radio (PESCO)

Decorations|

* Service medal
* Medal for Extraordinary Meritorious Service
* Monitor mission medal

Related|

* Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO)
* Headline Goal 2010
* Military Erasmus
* Military Mobility (PESCO)
* Intelligence School (PESCO)
* Kortenberg building
* NATO relations (Berlin Plus agreement, Joint Declaration)

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