Ace Attorney

Japanese media franchise of adventure games by Capcom

This article is about the video game series. For the live-action film, see Ace Attorney (film). For the animated series, see Ace Attorney (TV series).

"Phoenix Wright series" redirects here. For the titular character, see Phoenix Wright.

Video game series

Ace Attorney

Genre(s)|

* Visual Novel

Developer(s)| Capcom
Publisher(s)| Capcom
Creator(s)| Shu Takumi
Platform(s)|

* Game Boy Advance
* Nintendo DS
* Windows
* Nexon Mobile
* Wii
* iOS
* Android
* Nintendo 3DS
* Nintendo Switch
* PlayStation 4
* Xbox One

First release| Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney
October 12, 2001
Latest release| Ace Attorney Investigations Collection
September 6, 2024

Ace Attorney[a] is a visual novel franchise developed by Capcom. With storytelling fashioned after legal dramas, the first entry in the series, Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney, was released in 2001; since then five further main series games, as well as various spin-offs, prequels, and high-definition remasters for newer game consoles have been released. Additionally, the series has been adapted in the form of a live-action film and an anime; it is the base for manga series, drama CDs, musicals and stage plays. The player takes the roles of various defense attorneys, including Phoenix Wright, his mentor Mia Fey, as well as his understudies Apollo Justice and Athena Cykes who investigate cases and defend their clients in court. They find the truth by cross-examining witnesses and finding inconsistencies between the testimonies and the evidence they have collected. The cases last a maximum of three days; the judge determines the outcome based on evidence presented by the defense attorney and the prosecutor.

While the original Japanese versions of the games are set in Japan, the series' localizations are set in the United States (primarily Los Angeles) though retaining Japanese cultural elements. In the spin-off series Ace Attorney Investigations, the player takes the role of prosecutor Miles Edgeworth and in the prequel series, The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles, they play Phoenix's ancestor Ryunosuke Naruhodo.

The series was created by the writer and director Shu Takumi. He wanted the series to end after the third game, but it continued with Takeshi Yamazaki taking over as writer and director starting with Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth (2009). Takumi has since returned to write and direct some spin-off titles. The series has been well received, with reviewers liking the characters, story, and the finding of contradictions; it has also performed well commercially, with Capcom regarding it as one of their strongest intellectual properties. The series has been credited with helping to popularize visual novels in the Western world. As of December 31, 2024, the game series has sold 13 million copies worldwide.[1]

## Games

[edit]

See also: List of Ace Attorney media

Release timeline2001| Phoenix Wright

|

2002| Justice for All
2003
2004| Trials and Tribulations
2005
2006
2007| Apollo Justice
2008
2009| Investigations: Miles Edgeworth
2010
2011| Investigations 2: Prosecutor's Gambit
2012| Phoenix Wright Trilogy HD (original mobile version)
Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright
2013| Dual Destinies
2014| Phoenix Wright Trilogy (Nintendo 3DS)
2015| The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures
2016| Spirit of Justice
2017| The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve
2018
2019| Phoenix Wright Trilogy (Console/PC)
2020
2021| The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles
2022| Phoenix Wright Trilogy (updated mobile version)
2023
2024| Apollo Justice Trilogy
Investigations Collection

The Ace Attorney series launched in Japan with the Game Boy Advance game Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney in 2001, and has been published in the West since the release of a Nintendo DS port in 2005.[2] The series currently consists of six main series games and five spin-offs.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

### Main series

[edit]

* Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney is the first entry in the series. It was originally released for the Game Boy Advance in 2001 in Japan;[10] it has also been released for the Nintendo DS in 2005,[11] Nexon Mobile in 2007,[12][13] Microsoft Windows in 2008,[14] and the Wii and iOS in 2009.[15][16]
* Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Justice for All was originally released for the Game Boy Advance in 2002 in Japan;[17] it has also been released for the Nintendo DS in 2006,[18] Microsoft Windows in 2008,[14]the Wii in 2010,[19] and iOS through the trilogy mobile port released in Japan in 2012, and in the West in 2013.[20]
* Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Trials and Tribulations was originally released for the Game Boy Advance in 2004 in Japan;[21] it has also been released for Microsoft Windows in 2006,[22] the Nintendo DS in 2007,[23],the Wii in 2010,[24] and for iOS through the trilogy mobile port released in Japan in 2012, and in the West in 2013.[20]
* Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney was released for the Nintendo DS in 2007 in Japan[25] and in 2008 in the West,[26][27] for iOS and Android in 2016,[28][29] and for Nintendo 3DS in 2017.[30]
* Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Dual Destinies was originally released for the Nintendo 3DS in 2013 in Japan, North America and Europe; outside of Japan, it was given a digital-only release.[31][32] It was also released for iOS in 2014,[33][34] and Android in 2017.[35][36]
* Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Spirit of Justice was released for the Nintendo 3DS in 2016 in Japan, North America and Europe. Like Dual Destinies, it was given a digital-only release outside Japan.[3][8] It was released for iOS and Android in 2017.[37]

### Spin-offs

[edit]

#### Ace Attorney Investigations series

[edit]

* Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth was released for the Nintendo DS in 2009 in Japan[5] and in 2010 in the West,[38] and for Android and iOS in 2017.[39][40]
* Ace Attorney Investigations 2: Prosecutor's Gambit was released in Japan for the Nintendo DS in 2011,[6] and for Android and iOS in 2017.[41]

#### The Great Ace Attorney series

[edit]

* The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures was released in Japan for the Nintendo 3DS in 2015,[42][4] and for Android and iOS in 2017.[43][44]
* The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve was released in Japan for the Nintendo 3DS in 2017,[45][9] and for Android and iOS in 2018.[46]

#### Professor Layton crossover

[edit]

* Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney is a crossover between Ace Attorney and the Professor Layton series. It was released for the Nintendo 3DS in 2012 in Japan[7] and in 2014 in the West.[47]

### Compilations

[edit]

* Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trilogy contains the first three games in the series: Phoenix Wright, Justice for All, and Trials and Tribulations. It was released for iOS and Android in 2012 in Japan and for iOS in 2013 in the West, as Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trilogy HD.[20][48][49] It was later released for the Nintendo 3DS in 2014,[50][51] and Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One in 2019 as Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trilogy.[52] Capcom removed the mobile-only version of the game from stores and replaced it with the console version on iOS and Android in 2022.
* The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles contains both games in The Great Ace Attorney series: Adventures and 2: Resolve. It was released in July 2021 for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Windows. This was the first time both games were made officially available outside of Japan.[53]
* Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney Trilogy contains the fourth through sixth mainline games: Apollo Justice, Dual Destinies, and Spirit of Justice. It was released in January 2024, for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One.[54]
* Ace Attorney Investigations Collection contains both games in the Ace Attorney Investigations series: Miles Edgeworth and 2: Prosecutor's Gambit. It was released in September 2024, for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One. This compilation marks Prosecutor's Gambit's first official release outside Japan.[55]

## Common elements

[edit]

### Gameplay

[edit]

A cross-examination in Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney; the player can move between statements, press the witness for details, and present evidence that contradicts the testimony.

The Ace Attorney games are visual novel adventure games[56] in which the player controls defense attorneys and defends their clients in several different episodes.[57][58][59] The gameplay is split into two types of sections, investigations and courtroom trials.[60][61] During the investigations, the player searches the environments, gathers information and evidence, and talks to characters such as their client, witnesses, and the police.[60] After enough evidence has been collected, the game moves on to a courtroom trial.[62][63]

In the courtroom trials, the player aims to have their client declared "not guilty". They cross-examine witnesses,[60] aiming to find lies and inconsistencies in the testimonies. They are able to go back and forth between the different statements in the testimony, and can press the witness for more details on a statement. When the player finds an inconsistency, they can present a piece of evidence that contradicts the statement.[64][65] If the player is correct, the game presents a sequence that often starts with the protagonist shouting "Objection!" and pointing at the witness along with a shift in music before they begin to grill the witness with the inconsistency, which has become an iconic aspect of the series.[66] The player is penalized if they present incorrect evidence: in the first game, a number of exclamation marks are shown, with one disappearing after each mistake the player makes;[67] in later games, a health bar that represents the judge's patience is used instead; and in 3DS games, the character's lawyer badge is used.[68][69][70] If all exclamation marks or lawyer badges are lost, or the health bar reaches zero, the player loses the game and their client is found guilty.[67][68][70]

Several Ace Attorney games introduce new gameplay mechanics to the series. Justice for All introduces "psyche-locks", which are shown over a witness when the player asks them about a topic they do not want to discuss; using a magatama, the player can start breaking the psyche-locks by showing the witness evidence or character profiles that proves they are hiding something. The number of psyche-locks depends on how deep the secret is; when all locks are broken, the topic becomes available, giving the player access to new information.[71][72] Apollo Justice introduces the "perceive" system, where the player looks for motions or actions made by witnesses that show nervousness, similar to a tell in poker.[73] Dual Destinies introduces the "mood matrix", through which the player can gauge the emotions of a witness, such as tones of anger when mentioning certain topics;[74][75] if the player notices a contradictory emotional response during testimony, they can point out the discrepancy and press the witness for more information.[76] Dual Destinies also introduces "revisualization",[77][78] where the player reviews vital facts and forms links between evidence to reach new conclusions.[77] Spirit of Justice introduces "divination séances", in which the player is shown the memories of victims moments before their deaths, and must find contradictions in the victim's five senses to determine what has happened.[79] Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney introduces simultaneous cross-examinations of multiple witnesses, with the player being able to see and hear reactions from the different witnesses to the testimony and using this to find contradictions.[80] The Great Ace Attorney introduces "joint reasoning", where the player finds out the truth by pointing out when their investigative partner Herlock Sholmes takes his reasoning "further than the truth".[81]

The Ace Attorney Investigations spin-off series splits the gameplay into investigation phases and rebuttal phases, the latter of which is similar to the courtroom trials of the main series.[82][83][84] During the investigation phases, the player searches for evidence and talks to witnesses and suspects. Things which the player character notice in the environment are saved as thoughts; the player can use the "logic" system to connect two such thoughts to gain access to new information.[82][85] At some points, the player can create hologram reproductions of the crime scene,[82][86] through which they can discover new information that would otherwise be hidden.[87] Prosecutor's Gambit introduces "Mind Chess", where the player interrogates witnesses in a timed sequence that is visualized as a game of chess, with the player aiming to destroy the other character's chess pieces. To do this, they need to build up their advantage in the discussion by alternating between speaking and listening, and then choose to go on the offensive.[84][88][89]

### Characters and setting

[edit]

See also: List of Ace Attorney characters

Ace Attorney story chronology[90][91]

Late 19th century

* The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures
* The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve

Present day

* Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney
* Justice for All
* Trials and Tribulations
* Investigations: Miles Edgeworth
* Investigations 2: Prosecutor's Gambit
* Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney
* Dual Destinies
* Spirit of Justice

The protagonist of the first three games is the defense attorney Phoenix Wright, who is assisted by the spirit medium Maya Fey;[92] in the third game, Phoenix's mentor Mia Fey is also a playable character.[58] In the fourth game, the protagonist is the defense attorney Apollo Justice;[93] in the fifth, Phoenix, Apollo and the new defense attorney Athena Cykes are all protagonists;[94] and in the sixth, Phoenix and Apollo are the main protagonists, while Athena is playable in one case.[95] The spin-off The Great Ace Attorney is set in England near the end of the 19th century, and follows Phoenix's ancestor Ryunosuke Naruhodo. Susato Mikotoba, Naruhodo's judicial assistant, is a playable character in one chapter.[96]

Phoenix's childhood friend Miles Edgeworth, who is the protagonist of the Ace Attorney Investigations games,[82][84] is a recurring rival prosecutor character; in addition to him, each new game in the series introduces a new rival:[92] Franziska von Karma is introduced in the second game,[97] Godot in the third,[98] Klavier Gavin in the fourth,[99] Simon Blackquill in the fifth,[100] Nahyuta Sahdmadhi in the sixth,[101] Barok van Zieks in Adventures,[102] and Kazuma Asogi in Resolve.[103] Most of the prosecutor characters are portrayed as powerful and arrogant characters of high social status and who care about keeping perfect-win records in court, and even may favor convictions over finding the truth, although most have secret motivations and sympathetic backstories and typically help the protagonist at the game's climax. Similarly to real Japanese prosecutors, the prosecutors in the series often directly oversee investigations, issuing orders to the police. Japanese attitudes towards the police force are reflected in the series, with the police being represented by incompetent characters such as Dick Gumshoe, Maggey Byrde, and Mike Meekins.[104] In the world of Ace Attorney, trials only last three days, and usually end with a "guilty" verdict, with trials taken up by the protagonists of the games being rare exceptions.[92] The outcomes of cases are decided by a judge, based on evidence provided by the defense attorney and the prosecutor.[104]

In the original Japanese, the series takes place in Japan, while in the English localization, it takes place in an alternative version of Los Angeles in which Japanese culture is far more prevalent due to a lack of historic anti-Japanese policy. In other versions, the setting depends on region, with Asian languages such as Chinese and Korean following the Japanese version and European languages such as German and Spanish following the English version.[105] The only official exception is the French version, which takes place in Paris.[106]

## Development

[edit]

The series was created by Shu Takumi (left); beginning with Investigations, it has been handled by producer Motohide Eshiro (pictured, right) and director Takeshi Yamazaki.

The series was created by Shu Takumi, who wrote and directed the first three games.[107] The first game was conceived in 2000 when Takumi's boss at the time, Shinji Mikami, gave him six months to create any type of game he wanted to; Takumi had originally joined Capcom wanting to make mystery and adventure games, and felt that this was a big chance for him to make a mark as a creator.[108] The game was designed to be simple, as Takumi wanted it to be easy enough for even his mother to play.[97] Originally it was going to be a detective game and Phoenix was a private investigator, but at one point Takumi realized that finding and taking apart contradictions was not related to detective work; he felt that the main setting of the game should be in courtrooms.[109]

Takumi cited Japanese mystery author Edogawa Ranpo as being an inspiration, particularly The Psychological Test, a short story which involves a crime that "unravels due to the criminal's contradictory testimony." It had a big impact on him and was a major influence on the game. He was inspired by stories from another Japanese author, Shinichi Hoshi, saying that he was pursuing his "element of surprise and unexpectedness."[110] Takumi felt that the best way to write a mystery with a good climax is to reveal various clues, and then pull them together into one conclusion, and not have multiple possible endings. He said that the biggest challenge with that was to make the gameplay and story work together. The goal was to make the player feel like they have driven the story forward themselves, with their own choices, even though the game is linear.[111] He did not spend much time writing a backstory for Phoenix before writing the first game's story; instead he made up dialogue and developed Phoenix's personality as he went along.[111] He came up with the partner character Maya because he thought it would be more fun for players to have another character with them, giving them advice, than investigating on their own.[111]

After the first game's development was finished, Mikami told Takumi that they should make an Ace Attorney trilogy, with a grand finale in the third game's last case.[112] Takumi had originally planned to let Edgeworth be the prosecutor in all episodes in the second game,[113] but during the production the development team learned of the character's popularity which led to Takumi feeling that he had to use the character more carefully and sparingly; he created the new prosecutor character Franziska von Karma, to save Edgeworth for the game's last case and avoid a situation where he—a supposed prodigy—loses every case.[97] Takumi wanted the three first Ace Attorney games to comprise three parts of a greater whole; therefore, he avoided having a lot of changes between games: art from the first game for main characters such as Phoenix, Maya, and Edgeworth was reused to avoid having the previous games look outdated in comparison to newer games in the series. No new gameplay mechanics were added for Trials and Tribulations, as Takumi was happy with the gameplay after having added the psyche-lock mechanic for Justice for All.[113]

For the fourth game, Takumi wrote the scenario and took on a supervisory role.[56][114] He had wanted the series to end with the third game, as he felt Phoenix's character had been fully explored and that his story had been told; he said that it is important to know when to end a story, that he did not want the series to become a shadow of its former self, and that he did not see any reason to continue it.[115] Still, the spin-off series Ace Attorney Investigations was created, directed by Takeshi Yamazaki, and produced by Motohide Eshiro;[116][117] Takumi returned to the series to write the crossover Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney.[118] He also directed and wrote the spinoff series The Great Ace Attorney, the first of which was described as being the first entry in a new Ace Attorney series.[42] He said that he has mixed feelings about the series being developed by other Capcom staff, comparing it to a parent sending their child to their first day in school.[119] Yamazaki and Eshiro directed and produced the main series entries Dual Destinies and Spirit of Justice.[120][121][122] Due to being exhausted after working on Dual Destinies, Yamazaki split direction responsibilities with Takuro Fuse for Spirit of Justice; Yamazaki worked on the scenario and Fuse on the art and gameplay.[122] In 2020, Yamazaki left Capcom.[123]

The games developed for the Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS were created using 2D sprites, initially due to the limitations of the hardware. The developers had discussed switching to 3D models ahead of the development of Apollo Justice, but it was not until the Professor Layton crossover, which used 3D to a limited extent, that they realized the Nintendo 3DS could easily support 3D. Dual Destinies was developed around the use of 3D graphics, which remained a staple for future games in the series. Similarly, Level-5, the developers of the Professor Layton series, also started using 3D graphics after the crossover title.[124]

## Localization

[edit]

The localization of the first game was outsourced to Bowne Global; it was handled by the writer Alexander O. Smith and the editor Steve Anderson. While the Japanese version takes place in Japan, the localized version is set in the United States; because one of the episodes involves time zones, it had to be specified where the game takes place and the United States was selected without thinking a lot about it.[125] The Japanese justice system of the original still remained intact in the localization, as changing it would have altered the entire game structure.[126]

The change in the series' setting became important in later games and the Japanese setting is more obvious.[125] Beginning with the second game, the series localization direction has been handled by Janet Hsu;[97] One of their first decisions was how to localize Maya's hometown and the mysticism of the Fey clan. The localized versions of the Ace Attorney games happen in Los Angeles in an alternative universe where anti-Japanese laws like the California Alien Land Law of 1913 have not been passed, anti-Japanese sentiments were not powerful, and where Japanese culture flourished. That dictated the elements which should be localized and what should be kept as Japanese. Things relating to the Fey clan and the Kurain channeling technique were kept Japanese, as that was Maya's heritage; Japanese foods which were not widely known in the West were changed, such as changing Maya's favorite food from ramen to burgers. That particular change was mocked by players as the dish later became more well known in the West, and was lampshaded in the English release of Spirit of Justice, where Maya is described as liking both ramen and burgers.[97][127]

Character names were localized using double meanings similarly to the Japanese names;[126] the name puns were based on the characters' personalities or backgrounds, or were visual gags.[128] Several English names were based on their Japanese counterparts, but for some characters the names had to be altered heavily compared to the Japanese versions.[126] Smith and Anderson had a lot of freedom when localizing the names of minor characters in the first game, but discussed the names of the main cast with Capcom. Phoenix's English surname, "Wright", was chosen as his Japanese name, "Naruhodō"—meaning "I see" or "I understand"—is frequently used as a joke in the script.[125] Dual Destinies was given a digital-only release in the West to release the English version as close to the Japanese release date as possible and maintain a tight development schedule.[32] Its follow-up, Spirit of Justice, was released in the same manner. Both The Great Ace Attorney games were released in the West with English localization in July 2021 as part of The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles,[53] while Prosecutor's Gambit was not localized until its inclusion in the Ace Attorney Investigations Collection in September 2024.[55][129]

## Reception

[edit]

Japanese and Western review scores
As of September 17, 2024. Game  | Famitsu | Metacritic

|
|

Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney | 32/40[10] | 81/100[130]
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Justice for All | 35/40[17] | 76/100[131]
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Trials and Tribulations | 35/40[21] | 81/100[132]
Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney | 36/40[25] | 78/100[133]
Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth | 34/40[5] | 78/100[134]
Ace Attorney Investigations 2: Prosecutor's Gambit | 32/40[6] | 85/100[135][b]
Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney | 35/40[7] | 79/100[136]
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Dual Destinies | 37/40[31] | 81/100[137]
The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures | 35/40[4] | 86/100[138][c]
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Spirit of Justice | 34/40[139] | 81/100[140]
The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve | 34/40[141] | 86/100[138][c]

The Ace Attorney series has been well received by critics,[130][131][132][133][137][140] and has performed well commercially: in December 2009, it was Capcom's 9th-best-selling series of all time,[142] and in October 2010, they called it one of their "strongest intellectual properties", with more than 3.9 million units sold worldwide.[143] By December 2013, the series had sold over 5 million units.[144] In the United States, the first game became surprisingly successful, forcing Capcom to prepare at least three additional runs to meet the demand.[145] By June 2018, the series had sold over 6.7 million units.[146] As of December 31, 2024, the game series has sold 13 million copies worldwide.[1] Geoff Thew at Hardcore Gamer said that the "craziness" of the game world makes the cases entertaining, but also that it "resonates on a deeper level" due to its connection to the real Japanese legal system, making the setting still feel relevant in 2014.[92] Bob Mackey at USgamer said that the Ace Attorney games were among the best written games of all time, and that the series' strength is how each game builds up to a "stunning and satisfying finale".[147] Thomas Whitehead at Nintendo Life also liked the writing, praising its balance between "light-hearted nonsense" and darker, more serious scenarios.[148] Several reviewers have appreciated the series' characters;[84][92][147][149] Thew felt that Phoenix and Maya's banter is among the best in video games, and that Edgeworth's character arc is one of the most compelling parts of the stories.[92]

Reviewers have liked finding contradictions;[10][150] a common complaint however, is the games' linearity,[57][151][152] as well as how the player sometimes has to resort to a trial-and-error method because the games only accept specific pieces of evidence, and how testimony statements sometimes need to be pressed in a specific order.[58][71][150][153] Some reviewers have criticized the lack of changes to the gameplay and presentation throughout the series,[82][17][152] other have said that fans of the series would not have a problem with it.[84][152] Several reviewers praised the series' music.[92][147] Thew said that the greatest aspect of the series is its audio design, with the first three games using the Game Boy Advance sound chip better than any other game for that platform; he called the music phenomenal, with the exception of that in Justice for All, but said the sound effects are what "steals the show".[92] Mackey commented that the games' small amounts of animations for each character are used well for their characterization.[147]

## Related media and other appearances

[edit]

Further information: List of Ace Attorney media

See also: Ace Attorney (film) and Ace Attorney (TV series)

The Takarazuka Grand Theater; the all-female Takarazuka theater troupe adapted the series into musicals

The Takarazuka Revue, an all-female theater troupe, has adapted the series into stage musicals: 2009's Ace Attorney: The Truth Reborn, which is based on the last episode of the first game;[154] 2010's Ace Attorney 2: The Truth Reborn, Again..., whose first act is an original story, and whose second is based on the final episode of the second game;[155] and 2013's Ace Attorney 3: Prosecutor Miles Edgeworth, which is set before the events of The Truth Reborn, Again...[156] In 2023, the Takarazuka Revue wrote and performed a musical based on The Great Ace Attorney, titled The Great Ace Attorney: New Truth Reborn.[157] A stage play based on the series, titled Gyakuten no Spotlight, ran in 2013, and was written by Eisaku Saito.[158] A 2012 live-action film adaptation of the first game, titled Ace Attorney, was produced at the film studio Toei and directed by Takashi Miike.[159][160] A 2016 TV anime adaptation of the series, Ace Attorney, was produced at A-1 Pictures and directed by Ayumu Watanabe.[2]

Kodansha has published several manga based on the series: a short story anthology was published in Bessatsu Young Magazine in 2006; Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney and Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth were serialized in Weekly Young Magazine in 2007 and 2009, respectively; and another manga, which is based on the anime, was published in V Jump in 2016.[161] A novel based on the series, Gyakuten Saiban: Turnabout Idol, was released in June 2016.[162] Ace Attorney drama CDs,[163][164] soundtrack albums,[165][166] and figurines have also been released.[167][168][169]

Ace Attorney characters have made crossover appearances in other video games. Some Ace Attorney characters appear in SNK vs. Capcom: Card Fighters DS.[170] Phoenix and Edgeworth make a cameo appearance in She-Hulk's ending in the fighting game Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds;[171] in the game's update, Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3, Phoenix appears as a playable character while Maya appears alongside Phoenix in his moveset, victory animation and Phoenix's ending in the game.[172][173] Phoenix and Maya are playable characters in Project X Zone 2, while Edgeworth makes a non-player appearance.[174] Phoenix, Maya, Edgeworth and Franziska were all playable in the mobile game Monster Hunter Explore in 2017, as part of one of its temporary crossover events,[175] and a Phoenix transformation is available for a companion character in Monster Hunter XX.[176] Music from the Ace Attorney series is featured in Taiko Drum Master: Doko Don! Mystery Adventure, with Phoenix making an appearance in the game's story.[177] In April 2021, Ace Attorney was introduced to Teppen alongside the Dead Rising franchise with the "Ace vs. The People" expansion.[178]

## Legacy

[edit]

The series inspired Socrates Jones, which swaps law for philosophy.

In 2015, GamesRadar+ named Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney as the 55th-best video game of all time.[179] In 2016, Famitsu readers voted the original Gyakuten Saiban as the second-most memorable Game Boy Advance title (behind only Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire) and Gyakuten Saiban 123 as the tenth-best Nintendo 3DS game.[180] In 2017, Famitsu readers voted Gyakuten Saiban the third-best adventure game of all time, behind only Steins;Gate and 428: Shibuya Scramble.[181] The Ace Attorney series has been credited with helping to popularise visual novels in the Western world.[182][183] Vice magazine credits the Ace Attorney series with popularizing the visual novel mystery format[184] and noted that its success anticipated the resurgence of point-and-click adventure games as well as the international success of Japanese visual novels.[185] According to Danganronpa director Kazutaka Kodaka, Ace Attorney's success in North America was due to how it distinguished itself from most visual novels with its gameplay mechanics, which Danganronpa later built upon and helped it also find success in North America.[183]

The Ace Attorney series has also inspired many video games. The 2008 Capcom title Harvey Birdman: Attorney at Law, based on the animated series, shares many elements with the Ace Attorney series.[186][187] The 2013 title Socrates Jones: Pro Philosopher keeps the Ace Attorney format but swaps law for philosophical argument, and the 2015 adventure game Aviary Attorney features similar gameplay but with an all-bird cast of characters.[188][189] The 2016 video game Detective Pikachu, which received a 2019 film adaptation, has also drawn comparisons to the Ace Attorney series.[190][191] In the 2018 episodic role-playing game Deltarune, the character of Susie was originally inspired by Ace Attorney character: Maya Fey, Susie was originally "nice and cute" character like Maya before Susie's character and design developed into a "thug".[192] The 2023 visual novel Tyrion Cuthbert: Attorney of the Arcane also parodies the franchise, following a lawyer who defends clients in a supernatural setting.[193]

Ace Attorney is referenced in several anime shows. In a murder mystery arc of the 2006 anime series Haruhi Suzumiya, the show's titular character mimics Phoenix Wright during an episode.[194] The 2014 anime series No Game No Life also pays homage to the game during an episode.[195]

In early 2021, a user on Reddit created a bot which took selected Reddit forum arguments into short movies fashioned after Ace Attorney courtroom battles between the games' various characters.[66] A similar bot was later created for the platform X (commonly known as Twitter).[196] Later in the year, the San Francisco Chronicle noted its queer inspiration and influence: the first game was inspired by quite a bit of fanwork which features same-sex pairings, developers in turn took inspiration from Yaoi (boys' love) in writing the sequels' characters.[197]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Known in Japan as Gyakuten Saiban (Japanese: 逆転裁判; lit. Turnabout Trial)
2. ^ Score of Ace Attorney Investigations Collection, a compilation that also includes Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth
3. ^ a b Score of the compilation of both games, The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Game Series Sales". Capcom.co.jp. Capcom Co. Ltd. Retrieved March 1, 2025.
2. ^ a b "Ace Attorney Anime's Cast, Staff Announced (Updated)". Anime News Network. December 19, 2015. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
3. ^ a b Sato (March 6, 2016). "Ace Attorney 6 To Release In Japan On June 9, Gets New Videos And Info". Siliconera. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
4. ^ a b c "大逆転裁判 -成歩堂龍ノ介の冒險- まとめ [3DS]". Famitsu. Enterbrain. Archived from the original on October 31, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
5. ^ a b c "逆転検事 まとめ [DS]". Famitsu. Enterbrain. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
6. ^ a b c "逆転検事2 まとめ [DS]". Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain. Archived from the original on May 25, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
7. ^ a b c "レイトン教授VS逆転裁判 まとめ [3DS]". Famitsu. Enterbrain. Archived from the original on November 10, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
8. ^ a b Jenni (May 11, 2016). "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Spirit Of Justice Brings Order To Courts In September". Siliconera. Archived from the original on May 12, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
9. ^ a b "『大逆転裁判2 -成歩堂龍ノ介の覺悟-』発売日が8月3日に決定【Nintendo Direct】". Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain. April 13, 2017. Archived from the original on April 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
10. ^ a b c "逆転裁判 まとめ (GBA)". Famitsu (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 11, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
11. ^ "逆転裁判 蘇る逆転 まとめ (DS)". Famitsu (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 9, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
12. ^ 김승현 (April 17, 2013). ""이의 있음!" 유쾌한 법정 판타지, 역전재판HD". 디스이즈게임 (in Korean). Retrieved May 22, 2025.
13. ^ "[파워리뷰]미드 같은 스릴, 모바일 '역전재판3'". September 13, 2010.
14. ^ a b Whiting, Mark (March 12, 2008). "Phoenix Wright Goes Episodic on PCs". 1UP.com. Archived from the original on November 8, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
15. ^ "逆転裁判 蘇る逆転 （Wiiウェア ダウンロード版） まとめ (Wii)". Famitsu (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 9, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
16. ^ "逆転裁判 蘇る逆転 （iPhone/iPod touch） まとめ (iPhone/iPod)". Famitsu (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 11, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
17. ^ a b c "逆転裁判2 まとめ (GBA)". Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
18. ^ "逆転裁判2 まとめ (DS)". Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
19. ^ "逆転裁判2 （Wiiウェア ダウンロード版） まとめ (Wii)". Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
20. ^ a b c "逆転裁判 123HD 〜成歩堂 龍一編〜 まとめ (iPhone/iPod)". Famitsu (in Japanese). Archived from the original on June 27, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
21. ^ a b "逆転裁判3 まとめ [GBA]". Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain. Archived from the original on May 20, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
22. ^ "逆転裁判3 PC". 4Gamer.net (in Japanese). Aetas Inc. Archived from the original on January 3, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
23. ^ "逆転裁判3 まとめ [DS]". Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain. Archived from the original on November 16, 2015. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
24. ^ "逆転裁判3 （Wiiウェア ダウンロード版） まとめ [Wii]". Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
25. ^ a b "逆転裁判4 まとめ [DS]". Famitsu. Enterbrain. Archived from the original on May 31, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
26. ^ "Capcom's Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney Coming To North America On February 19". Capcom. January 11, 2008. Archived from the original on January 15, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
27. ^ "Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney". Nintendo UK. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
28. ^ Musgrave, Shaun (October 11, 2016). "Hold It! 'Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney' is Coming to Mobile This Winter". TouchArcade. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
29. ^ Nelson, Jared (November 30, 2016). "'Apollo Justice Ace Attorney' Hits the App Store". Touch Arcade. Archived from the original on January 5, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
30. ^ Hannley, Steve (August 8, 2017). "Capcom Announce Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney for Nintendo 3DS". Hardcore Gamer. Archived from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
31. ^ a b "逆転裁判5 まとめ [3DS]". Famitsu. Enterbrain. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
32. ^ a b Corriea, Alexa Ray (June 12, 2013). "Ace Attorney — Dual Destinies is downloadable-only to reduce delay in English localized release". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
33. ^ "逆転裁判5 まとめ [iPhone/iPod]". Famitsu. Enterbrain. Archived from the original on November 9, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
34. ^ Carter, Chris (August 15, 2014). "Ace Attorney: Dual Destinies is available on iOS now". Destructoid. Modern Method. Archived from the original on November 21, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
35. ^ "Ace Attorney: Dual Destinies". Google Play. Archived from the original on May 24, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
36. ^ "逆転裁判5". Google Play. Archived from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
37. ^ Funnell, Ron (September 21, 2017). "'Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Spirit of Justice' is Out Now on the App Store". TouchArcade. Archived from the original on October 29, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
38. ^ "Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth". IGN. Archived from the original on July 28, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
39. ^ Madnani, Mikhail (December 8, 2017). "'Ace Attorney INVESTIGATIONS' Is Now Available on the App Store". TouchArcade. Archived from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
40. ^ Romano, Sal (December 8, 2017). "Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth now available for smartphones in Japan". Gematsu. Archived from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
41. ^ Romano, Sal (December 21, 2017). "Ace Attorney Investigations 2 now available for smartphones in Japan". Gematsu. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
42. ^ a b Sato (April 24, 2014). "The Great Ace Attorney Is The Start Of A New Series". Siliconera. Archived from the original on February 9, 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2014.
43. ^ "大逆転裁判". iTunes Store (in Japanese). Apple Inc. Archived from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
44. ^ "大逆転裁判". Google Play (in Japanese). Archived from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
45. ^ "Dai Gyakuten Saiban Meiji-era Ace Attorney Game Gets Sequel". Anime News Network. September 17, 2016. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
46. ^ Romano, Sal (April 24, 2018). "The Great Ace Attorney 2 now available for smartphones in Japan". Gematsu. Archived from the original on April 24, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
47. ^ Gera, Emily (December 18, 2013). "Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney coming to 3DS on March 28 in Europe". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
48. ^ "Android版『逆転裁判 123HD』配信サイト" (in Japanese). Capcom. Archived from the original on October 1, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
49. ^ Schreier, Jason (May 30, 2013). "The Phoenix Wright HD Trilogy Is Finally Out On iOS Today". Kotaku. Archived from the original on December 2, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
50. ^ "逆転裁判123 成歩堂セレクション まとめ (3DS)". Famitsu (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 11, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
51. ^ McWhertor, Michael (October 9, 2014). "Ace Attorney Trilogy comes to Nintendo 3DS in December". Polygon. Archived from the original on July 6, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
52. ^ McWhertor, Michael (September 22, 2019). "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trilogy coming to PC, PS4, Switch, Xbox One". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
53. ^ a b McWhertor, Michael (April 21, 2021). "Capcom's Great Ace Attorney series is coming West this summer". Polygon. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
54. ^ Scullion, Chris (June 12, 2023). "Ace Attorney 4-6 are being released as an HD trilogy". Video Games Chronicle. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
55. ^ a b Minotti, Mike (June 18, 2024). "Ace Attorney Investigations Collection comes to Switch on September 6". VentureBeat. Retrieved June 18, 2024.
56. ^ a b Musgrave, Shaun (August 15, 2014). "'Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Dual Destinies' Review - No Objections To This Port's Quality". TouchArcade. Archived from the original on September 21, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
57. ^ a b Thomas, Aaron (January 16, 2007). "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Justice for All Review". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on September 21, 2015. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
58. ^ a b c Cole, Michael (November 16, 2007). "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trials and Tribulations". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on May 22, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
59. ^ Anthony, Scott (December 4, 2007). "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trials and Tribulations review". Pocket Gamer. Archived from the original on April 8, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
60. ^ a b c Cole, Michael (October 20, 2005). "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on April 19, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
61. ^ Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Justice for All Instruction Booklet. Capcom. March 16, 2007. pp. 10–11.
62. ^ Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Instruction Booklet. Capcom. October 12, 2005. p. 11.
63. ^ Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Justice for All Instruction Booklet. Capcom. March 16, 2007. pp. 12–13.
64. ^ Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Instruction Booklet. Capcom. October 12, 2005. pp. 16–19.
65. ^ Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Justice for All Instruction Booklet. Capcom. March 16, 2007. pp. 18–19.
66. ^ a b Clark, Mitchell (January 19, 2021). "We don't object to this Reddit bot that turns arguments into Ace Attorney videos". The Verge. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
67. ^ a b Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Instruction Booklet. Capcom. October 12, 2005. p. 20.
68. ^ a b Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Justice for All Instruction Booklet. Capcom. March 16, 2007. pp. 20–21.
69. ^ Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Trials and Tribulations Instruction Booklet. Capcom. October 3, 2008. p. 23.
70. ^ a b Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney Instruction Booklet. Capcom. May 9, 2008. p. 22.
71. ^ a b Walker, John (November 8, 2006). "Phoenix Wright Ace Attorney: Justice For All". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
72. ^ Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Justice for All Instruction Booklet. Capcom. March 16, 2007. pp. 16–17.
73. ^ Thomas, Aaron (January 22, 2008). "Apollo Justice Hands-On". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on February 2, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
74. ^ Gifford, Kevin (September 5, 2012). "'Ace Attorney 5' project leads discuss story elements, new characters, and the move to 3D". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
75. ^ Nakamura, Toshi (September 6, 2012). "Phoenix Wright Is Back For Ace Attorney 5, But Where's His Usual Cohort?". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
76. ^ Yip, Spencer (September 21, 2012). "Ace Attorney 5 And Its New Emotion Sensing System Is A "Blast"". Siliconera. Archived from the original on September 23, 2012. Retrieved September 21, 2012.
77. ^ a b Sato, Ryojiro (June 7, 2013). "A Closer Look At Apollo And Athena's Abilities In Ace Attorney: Dual Destinies". Siliconera. Archived from the original on June 9, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
78. ^ Hsu, Janet (October 16, 2013). "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Dual Destinies Localization: The Trials and Tribulations of the Gameplay Mechanics Team". Capcom-Unity. Capcom. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
79. ^ Ward, Robert (February 19, 2016). "Ace Attorney 6 Hands-On: Phoenix Wright And Spirit Medium Vision". Siliconera. Archived from the original on February 27, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
80. ^ Spencer (October 12, 2011). "Phoenix Wright Cross Examines Crowds In Professor Layton Vs. Ace Attorney". Siliconera. Archived from the original on November 26, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
81. ^ Romano, Sal (September 9, 2014). "Sherlock Holmes joins The Great Ace Attorney". Gematsu. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
82. ^ a b c d e Ronaghan, Neal (February 16, 2010). "DS Review: Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on September 29, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
83. ^ Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth Instruction Booklet. Capcom. February 19, 2010. p. 10.
84. ^ a b c d e AsbelGrants (July 7, 2014). "Test du jeu Ace Attorney Investigations 2 sur DS". Jeuxvideo.com (in French). Webedia. Archived from the original on June 28, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
85. ^ Parker, Laura (February 17, 2010). "Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth Review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
86. ^ Walker, John (February 15, 2010). "Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth Review - Page 2". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on April 25, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
87. ^ Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth Instruction Booklet. Capcom. February 19, 2010. p. 17.
88. ^ "ロジックチェス" (in Japanese). Capcom. Archived from the original on April 1, 2016. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
89. ^ Rudeen, Rebecca. "Lost in Untranslation". NF Magazine. No. 21\. NF Publishing. p. 54.
90. ^ "Ace Attorney Series Timeline: Every Ace Attorney game in chronological order". Ace Attorney. Capcom. August 23, 2024. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
91. ^ Damian, Arthur (August 23, 2024). "Capcom Reveals Official Ace Attorney Timeline". The Escapist. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
92. ^ a b c d e f g h Thew, Geoff (December 9, 2014). "Review: Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trilogy". Hardcore Gamer. Archived from the original on September 15, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
93. ^ Spencer (February 1, 2008). "Investigation phase, Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney interview". Siliconera. Archived from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
94. ^ Culafi, Alex (October 31, 2013). "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Dual Destinies". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on January 23, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
95. ^ Romano, Sal (October 13, 2015). "Ace Attorney 6 features dual protagonists Phoenix Wright and Apollo Justice". Gematsu. Archived from the original on February 20, 2016. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
96. ^ Nakamura, Toshi (September 11, 2014). "Why the New Ace Attorney is Set in England". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on September 26, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
97. ^ a b c d e Hsu, Janet (October 31, 2014). "Ace Attorney Trilogy - Surprising Tidbits You Never Knew!". Capcom. Archived from the original on September 16, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015.
98. ^ Bennett, Colette (November 6, 2007). "Destructoid review: Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney: Trials and Tribulations". Destructoid. Modern Method. Archived from the original on September 22, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
99. ^ Sato (June 19, 2013). "Klavier Gavin Air Guitars His Way Into Ace Attorney: Dual Destinies". Siliconera. Archived from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
100. ^ Ishaan (July 17, 2013). "Ace Attorney: Dual Destinies English Trailer Introduces The New Prosecutor". Siliconera. Archived from the original on September 1, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
101. ^ Sato (February 9, 2016). "Ace Attorney 6 Reveals New Rival Prosecutor Nayuta Sadmadhi". Siliconera. Archived from the original on June 2, 2016. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
102. ^ Sato (June 12, 2015). "The Great Ace Attorney's Rival Prosecutor Was Made To Be A "Death God"". Siliconera. Archived from the original on June 15, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
103. ^ "第三十五回 大逆転裁判 デザインの冒險！". Capcom. Archived from the original on July 24, 2015. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
104. ^ a b Monaghan, Fintan (May 11, 2010). "Phoenix Wright's Objection!". The Escapist. Defy Media. Archived from the original on May 14, 2010. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
105. ^ Mandiberg, Stephen (December 2015). "Playing (with) the Trace: Localized Culture in Phoenix Wright". Kinephanos. 5 (1): 111–114. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
106. ^ Gray, Kate (August 9, 2024). "Hands On: 'Ace Attorney Investigations Collection' Devs Discuss California Rolls, Chibi Sprites & Puns". Nintendo Life. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
107. ^ Mackey, Bob (December 10, 2014). "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trilogy 3DS Review: Trials of the Century". USgamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
108. ^ Castle, Matthew (October 24, 2013). "Interview: Shu Takumi on the making of Phoenix Wright, Ghost Trick and more". Official Nintendo Magazine. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
109. ^ Hsu, Janet (September 11, 2014). "The Early Days of Ace Attorney". Capcom. Archived from the original on February 8, 2015. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
110. ^ "Ace Attorney: Justice for All – 2002 Developer Interview". Shmuplations. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
111. ^ a b c Castle, Matthew (June 16, 2014). "Interview: Shu Takumi on the Phoenix Wright trilogy". Official Nintendo Magazine. p. 1\. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
112. ^ Castle, Matthew (June 16, 2014). "Interview: Shu Takumi on the Phoenix Wright trilogy". Official Nintendo Magazine. Future plc. p. 3\. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
113. ^ a b Castle, Matthew (June 16, 2014). "Interview: Shu Takumi on the Phoenix Wright trilogy". Official Nintendo Magazine. p. 2\. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
114. ^ Sheffield, Brandon (November 5, 2007). "Q&A: Capcom's Minae Matsukawa On Producing Phoenix Wright In A Man's World". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
115. ^ Gera, Emily (March 14, 2014). "Why Phoenix Wright creator did not want the series to continue". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on June 24, 2014. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
116. ^ Greenhough, Chris (April 28, 2008). "Gyakuten Kenji devs vaguely discuss their game". Joystiq. Archived from the original on May 6, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
117. ^ Laura (September 17, 2010). "Edgeworth's New Rival In Ace Attorney Investigations 2 Is A Stern Female Judge". Siliconera. Archived from the original on September 22, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
118. ^ Castle, Matthew (October 24, 2013). "Interview: Shu Takumi on the making of Phoenix Wright, Ghost Trick and more". Official Nintendo Magazine. p. 3\. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
119. ^ Castle, Matthew (October 24, 2013). "Interview: Shu Takumi on the making of Phoenix Wright, Ghost Trick and more". Official Nintendo Magazine. p. 4\. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
120. ^ Gantayat, Anoop (September 5, 2012). "Ace Attorney 5 Demo Set For Tokyo Game Show". Andriasang. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
121. ^ Romano, Sal (September 1, 2015). "Ace Attorney 6 announced for 3DS". Gematsu. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
122. ^ a b "『逆転裁判』の話がしたい!!!". Nintendo Dream (in Japanese) (262). Mainichi.
123. ^ Lada, Jenni (July 11, 2020). "Ace Attorney Director and Writer Takeshi Yamazaki Has Left Capcom". Siliconera. Curse, Inc. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
124. ^ Bellingham, Hope (January 13, 2024). "The Ace Attorney series switched to 3D graphics after Professor Layton helped to convince its developers". GamesRadar. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
125. ^ a b c Mackey, Bob (June 23, 2015). "Expert Witness: An Interview with Alex Smith, the Writer Behind Ace Attorney's English Debut". USgamer. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
126. ^ a b c Hoffman, Chris (January 18, 2007). "On the Wright Track: The Writers of Phoenix Wright's Sequel Discuss Their New Case". Nintendo. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
127. ^ Hsu, Janet (November 20, 2014). "Localization and Ace Attorney". Capcom. Archived from the original on September 15, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015.
128. ^ Spencer (January 18, 2007). "On Lawyers and Localization, Phoenix Wright Ace Attorney: Justice for All interview". Siliconera. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015.
129. ^ Mackey, Bob (March 12, 2015). "A Complete Fan Translation has Rescued Ace Attorney Investigations 2 from Localization Limbo". USgamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on March 20, 2015. Retrieved May 26, 2016.
130. ^ a b "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney for DS Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on October 12, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
131. ^ a b "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Justice for All for DS Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
132. ^ a b "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Trials and Tribulations for DS Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
133. ^ a b "Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
134. ^ "Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on December 11, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
135. ^ "Ace Attorney Investigations Collection". Metacritic. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
136. ^ "Professor Layton VS Phoenix Wright Ace Attorney". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
137. ^ a b "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Dual Destinies". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
138. ^ a b "The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles". Metacritic. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
139. ^ Romano, Sal (May 31, 2016). "Famitsu Review Scores: Issue 1435". Gematsu. Archived from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
140. ^ a b "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney - Spirit of Justice for 3DS Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
141. ^ Romano, Sal (July 25, 2017). "Famitsu Review Scores: Issue 1495". Gematsu. Archived from the original on July 26, 2017. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
142. ^ "Total Sales Units". Capcom. June 30, 2008. Archived from the original on August 3, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2008.
143. ^ Graft, Kris (October 20, 2010). "Layton Series Hits 9.5M, Ace Attorney 3.9M". Gamasutra. UBM plc. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
144. ^ "Total Sales Units". Capcom. December 31, 2013. Archived from the original on March 27, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
145. ^ Ransom-Wiley, James (June 21, 2006). "Phoenix Wright: still hot, still rare". Joystiq. Archived from the original on October 4, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
146. ^ "Capcom: Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trilogy Official Website". Archived from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
147. ^ a b c d Mackey, Bob (December 10, 2014). "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trilogy 3DS Review: Trials of the Century". USgamer. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
148. ^ Whitehead, Thomas (December 24, 2014). "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trilogy". Nintendo Life. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
149. ^ Goergen, Andy (December 9, 2014). "Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trilogy Review". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on April 10, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
150. ^ a b Boosinger, Austin (March 15, 2010). "Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth review". Adventure Gamers. Archived from the original on March 19, 2015. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
151. ^ Harris, Craig (January 17, 2007). "Phoenix Wright Ace Attorney: Justice for All Review". IGN. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
152. ^ a b c Moriarty, Colin (October 23, 2007). "Phoenix Wright: Trials and Tribulations Review". IGN. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
153. ^ Scott, Ryan (October 26, 2007). "Phoenix Wright AATT Review for DS". 1UP.com. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on May 28, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
154. ^ Eisenbeis, Richard (May 25, 2012). "The All-Female Phoenix Wright Musical is Better Than the Game". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on May 29, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
155. ^ Eisenbeis, Richard (December 14, 2012). "The Second Ace Attorney Musical is the Most Depressing Phoenix Wright Tale Ever". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
156. ^ Eisenbeis, Richard (December 14, 2012). "I Was Not Expecting the Third Ace Attorney Musical to be a Time Travel Story". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
157. ^ Haddick, Alicia (August 30, 2023). "The Takarazuka Revue's All-Female Take on The Great Ace Attorney Satisfies Dual Fandoms, No Objections". Crunchyroll News. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
158. ^ Nelkin, Sarah (May 28, 2013). "Ace Attorney Courtroom Video Games Get New Stage Play". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 4, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
159. ^ Ishaan (January 31, 2012). "Ace Attorney Movie To See A Worldwide Release". Siliconera. Archived from the original on January 2, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
160. ^ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (October 20, 2011). "Ace Attorney Live-Action Film's Cast Photo Published". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
161. ^ "New Ace Attorney Manga to Launch in V Jump Next Year". Anime News Network. December 19, 2015. Archived from the original on May 13, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
162. ^ "角川つばさ文庫から 「逆転裁判」のオリジナル小説が発売決定！". Capcom. May 25, 2016. Archived from the original on May 31, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
163. ^ Sato (February 7, 2014). "Phoenix And Edgeworth Team Up In An Ace Attorney Drama CD". Siliconera. Archived from the original on September 14, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
164. ^ Romano, Sal (March 6, 2016). "Ace Attorney 6 launches June 9 in Japan". Gematsu. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
165. ^ Sato (April 20, 2014). "The Ace Attorney Series Gets Its First Piano Compilation Album". Siliconera. Archived from the original on October 24, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
166. ^ Jia, Oliver (January 31, 2015). "Ace Attorney Sound Box". VGMO. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
167. ^ Kellen (November 10, 2016). "TAKE THAT! The Phoenix Wright figma is now available for pre-order!". Capcom-Unity. Capcom. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
168. ^ Fletcher, JC (November 3, 2010). "Ace Attorney Investigations 2 out February in Japan, includes Edgeworth figure". Engadget. AOL. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
169. ^ Sato (April 17, 2013). "Ace Attorney 5 Limited Edition Comes With Phoenix Wright Figure And More". Siliconera. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
170. ^ Hinkle, David (December 12, 2006). "Phoenix Wright cast in SNK vs. Capcom: Card Fighters". Engadget. AOL. Archived from the original on May 31, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
171. ^ Elston, Brett (February 18, 2011). "The 43 character cameos of Marvel vs Capcom 3". GamesRadar. Future plc. p. 2\. Archived from the original on May 31, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
172. ^ Miller, Patrick (July 20, 2011). "Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 Announced, Full Roster Leaked". PC World. IDG. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
173. ^ North, Dale (July 21, 2011). "SDCC: Interview: Niitsuma on Ultimate Marvel vs Capcom 3". Destructoid. Modern Method. Archived from the original on April 8, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
174. ^ Sato (May 14, 2015). "Project X Zone 2 Shows Phoenix Wright & Maya Fey, And Other New Characters". Siliconera. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
175. ^ Stimson, Eric (January 29, 2017). "Ace Attorney Characters Now Available in Monster Hunter Explore". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on January 29, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
176. ^ Loveridge, Lynzee (March 11, 2017). "Monster Hunter XX Gets Zelda, Ace Attorney, Garo, Okami More Crossovers". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on March 11, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
177. ^ Romano, Sal (March 8, 2016). "Taiko Drum Master: Doko Don! Mystery Adventure announced for 3DS [Update]". Gematsu. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
178. ^ "Check out the latest information on the new card set "Ace vs. The People"! | Teppen -Official Site-". teppenthegame.com. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
179. ^ "The 100 best games ever". GamesRadar. February 25, 2015. p. 47\. Archived from the original on October 1, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
180. ^ Ashcraft, Brian (June 2, 2016). "Poll: Japan's Most Memorable Games on Each Console". Kotaku. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
181. ^ "Steins;Gate is voted the best Adventure game of all time". Japanese Nintendo. June 7, 2017. Archived from the original on June 18, 2017.
182. ^ Wallace, Kimberley (November 21, 2014). "Five Things You Probably Didn't Know About Capcom's Ace Attorney Series". Game Informer. Archived from the original on November 24, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
183. ^ a b Mackey, Bob (December 28, 2015). "Danganronpa Director Kazutaka Kodaka on the Power of "Psychopop"". USgamer. Archived from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
184. ^ Kotzer, Zack (December 20, 2015). "'Aviary Attorney' Looks Like the Best Game About Bird Lawyers in 1848 Paris Ever". Vice Magazine. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
185. ^ Wright, Steven T. (September 13, 2016). "How the 'Law and Order' of Gaming Has Lasted for 15 Years". Vice Magazine. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
186. ^ Bergfield, Carlos (July 20, 2007). "E3 07: Harvey Birdman: Attorney At Law Preview". Shacknews. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
187. ^ Miller, Greg (January 14, 2008). "Harvey Birdman: Attorney at Law Review (Wii)". IGN. Ziff Davis. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
188. ^ Kodner, Matt (September 26, 2013). "Philosophize It". The Gameological Society. Onion, Inc. Archived from the original on March 16, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
189. ^ "Following Freeware: August 2013 releases". Adventure Gamers. September 30, 2013. Archived from the original on March 25, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
190. ^ "Gum-chu: Detective Pikachu for 3DS review". Reno Gazette Journal. May 11, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
191. ^ Phillips, Tom (March 16, 2018). "Detective Pikachu sees Pokémon fully embrace its anime heritage". Eurogamer. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
192. ^ "『DELTARUNE Chapter 1』が2/28に配信決定 | トピックス | Nintendo". 任天堂ホームページ (in Japanese). Retrieved June 3, 2025.
193. ^ Fuller, Alex (July 20, 2023). "Adventure Corner ~ Tyrion Cuthbert: Attorney of the Arcane". RPGamer. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024.
194. ^ "La Mélancolie de Haruhi Suzumiya (Dieu est une Tsundere) - Crito's Bizarre Adventures". Gameblog (in French). October 30, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
195. ^ "No Game No Life". Kinja. June 26, 2014. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
196. ^ "Random: The Ace Attorney Court Bot Is Probably Closing Shop Thanks To Twitter's New Rules". Nintendo Life. February 2, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
197. ^ Rouner, Jef; Nudo, Meredith (May 30, 2021). "'Dadification' rises in importance as video games embrace queer romance". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on June 4, 2021.

## External links

[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to Ace Attorney.

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Ace Attorney

Media|

| Games|

* Phoenix Wright
* Justice for All
* Trials and Tribulations
* Apollo Justice
* Dual Destinies
* Spirit of Justice

Spin-offs|

* Investigations: Miles Edgeworth
* Investigations 2: Prosecutor's Gambit
* Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright
* The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures
* The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve

Compilations|

* Phoenix Wright Trilogy
* The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles
* Apollo Justice Trilogy
* Investigations Collection

Other|

* Music
* Film
* Anime
* episodes
* "Reason/Never Lose"

Characters|

* Phoenix Wright
* Maya Fey
* Miles Edgeworth
* Franziska von Karma
* Godot
* Apollo Justice
* Herlock Sholmes

People|

* Shu Takumi
* Atsushi Inaba

Related|

* "Boot to the Head"
* Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective
* Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3
* Project X Zone 2
* Puzzle Fighter
* Teppen
* Street Fighter 6

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Games directed by Shu Takumi

Ace Attorney|

* Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney (2001)
* Justice for All (2002)
* Trials and Tribulations (2004)
* Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright (2012)
* The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures (2015)
* The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve (2017)

Other games|

* Dino Crisis 2 (2000)
* Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective (2010)

Category

* v
* t
* e

Capcom

Employees|

| Current|

* Shinkiro
* Jun Takeuchi
* Shu Takumi
* Ryozo Tsujimoto

|

Former|

* Yoshino Aoki
* Harumi Fujita
* Tokuro Fujiwara
* Noritaka Funamizu
* Atsushi Inaba
* Keiji Inafune
* Hideaki Itsuno
* Akari Kaida
* George Kamitani
* Hideki Kamiya
* Akira Kitamura
* Hiroyuki Kobayashi
* Shinji Mikami
* Naoshi Mizuta
* Kinu Nishimura
* Akira Nishitani
* Takashi Nishiyama
* Yoshiki Okamoto
* Yoshinori Ono
* Tetsuya Shibata
* Yoko Shimomura
* Noboru Sugimura
* Sawaki Takeyasu
* Akira Yasuda

Franchises|

* Ace Attorney
* Bionic Commando
* Breath of Fire
* Darkstalkers
* Dead Rising
* Devil May Cry
* Dino Crisis
* Dragon's Dogma
* Final Fight
* Ghosts 'n Goblins
* Lost Planet
* Marvel vs. Capcom
* Mega Man
* Monster Hunter
* Onimusha
* Resident Evil
* Sengoku Basara
* Street Fighter
* Viewtiful Joe

Subsidiaries|

* Capcom Vancouver
* Clover Studio
* Flagship

Technology|

* MT Framework
* RE Engine

Related|

* Alph Lyla
* Capcom Cup
* Capcom Five
* Capcom U.S.A. Inc. v. Data East Corp.
* Red Dead
* Suleputer

* List
* Category

Portals:

* 2000s
* Anime and manga
* Japan
* Law
* Music
* Video games

*[lit.]: literal translation
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template